%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "1.29",
%%%     date            = "01 July 2026",
%%%     time            = "17:18:05 MDT",
%%%     filename        = "algol68.bib",
%%%     address         = "University of Utah
%%%                        Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB
%%%                        155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     URL             = "https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%%     checksum        = "13979 48490 210189 2199143",
%%%     email           = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org,
%%%                        beebe at computer.org (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "Algol family; Algol 68 programming language;
%%%                        compilers; bibliography; BibTeX; programming
%%%                        language grammars",
%%%     license         = "public domain",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "This is a bibliography of publications about
%%%                        the influential programming language, Algol
%%%                        68, that was designed by a large committee as
%%%                        a powerful replacement for the earlier
%%%                        languages Algol 58, Algol 60, Algol H, Algol
%%%                        I, Algol II, Algol M, Algol N, Algol W, Algol
%%%                        X, ALPHA, BALGOL, CORAL 66, CPL, GECOM,
%%%                        JOVIAL, MAD, NELIAC, WIZ, etc.  Subsets of
%%%                        the full language were also developed as
%%%                        Algol 68C, Algol 68R, Algol 68-RT, and Algol
%%%                        68S.
%%%
%%%                        Although the main focus of this bibliography
%%%                        is Algol 68, we also include many earlier
%%%                        references that contributed to the design of
%%%                        that programming language.  This was not the
%%%                        bibliographer's intent at the first edition
%%%                        of this file, but Algol 68 is an important
%%%                        evolutionary step in programming languages,
%%%                        and understanding it is helped by knowledge
%%%                        of its antecedents.  As a result, there are
%%%                        more than 560 publications recorded here
%%%                        before 1968, and almost 980 before 1974, the
%%%                        two most significant years for Algol 68.
%%%
%%%                        Of the 13 authors of the revised report on
%%%                        Algol 60 (entry Backus:1963:RRAa), plus
%%%                        Donald Knuth and Edsger Dijstra, nine of them
%%%                        later received the ACM Turing Award.  That
%%%                        honor would be hard to find recognized so
%%%                        thoroughly in any other single publication in
%%%                        computer science.
%%%
%%%                        Because the Algol languages appear to be
%%%                        among the first that were based on rigorous
%%%                        theories of grammars for parsing and
%%%                        compiling, this bibliography includes a
%%%                        substantial number of early publications on
%%%                        that topic.  The earliest that we have found
%%%                        is entry Post:1943:FRG, predating Algol 58 by
%%%                        15 years.
%%%
%%%                        Historical practice for literature citations
%%%                        has often been sloppy, with much important
%%%                        metadata omitted.  Considerable effort has
%%%                        been made to find missing values, but, sadly,
%%%                        despite its young age, a lot of computing
%%%                        literature has been lost.  Only about forty
%%%                        percent of the entries in this file have DOI
%%%                        or URL values that can quickly locate
%%%                        electronic copies of documents.
%%%
%%%                        An astonishing amount of work on Algol has
%%%                        appeared in university dissertations: a
%%%                        search in the ProQuest database in May 2026
%%%                        found 41 entries about Algol 58, 1040 about
%%%                        Algol 60, 147 about Algol W, and 408 about
%%%                        Algol 68.  No attempt has been made to
%%%                        include those documents here, beyond ones
%%%                        that were present in the original version of
%%%                        this file, or were later found by accident
%%%                        in library catalog searches.
%%%
%%%                        A search at the Web site for CWI in Amsterdam
%%%                        for Algol 68 found 67 entries, identified
%%%                        with ack-cwi in their acknowledgement files.
%%%                        By their titles, several of them may have
%%%                        nothing to do with Algol 68, but they are
%%%                        nevertheless retained here.  Many of those
%%%                        entries are seriously incomplete.  English
%%%                        translations are supplied for all Dutch
%%%                        titles.
%%%
%%%                        This bibliography is accompanied by a
%%%                        separate one, algol-bulletin.bib, that
%%%                        records publications in the ALGOL Bulletin
%%%                        (1959--1981).  Entries from that file are
%%%                        EXCLUDED from this bibliography.
%%%
%%%                        The proceedings of the 1970 conference in
%%%                        Munich on Algol 68 compiler implementation
%%%                        (entry Peck:1971:AIP) contains 19 papers;
%%%                        entries for all 19 are included here.  In
%%%                        addition, that proceedings has a bibliography
%%%                        of 96 prior publications about Algol 68.  All
%%%                        of them are also included here, or in
%%%                        algol-bulletin.bib.
%%%
%%%                        The proceedings of the 1978 conference on the
%%%                        history of programming languages (entry
%%%                        Wexelblat:1981:HPL) have two chapters, and
%%%                        three papers, on Algol family compilers.
%%%
%%%                        The proceedings of the 1981 conference on the
%%%                        history of Algol 68 (entry deBakker:1981:ALP)
%%%                        contain 22 papers, and entries for all of
%%%                        them are included here.
%%%
%%%                        A 78-page report (entry Bemer:1969:PSH)
%%%                        contains a chronological log of Algol
%%%                        developments, with commentary, and a long
%%%                        list of references, all of which are recorded
%%%                        in this file, or in algol-bulletin.bib.  It
%%%                        also has a chronological list of papers in
%%%                        each of 13 journals and 5 conference
%%%                        proceedings.
%%%
%%%                        Entry Mounier-Kuhn:2014:AFU provides a
%%%                        detailed history of the Algol family in
%%%                        France, and almost all of his references are
%%%                        included in this file.
%%%
%%%                        Entry deBeer:2006:HAE has a good description
%%%                        of the development history of Algol 60, with
%%%                        a discussion of the controversial issues,
%%%                        including conditional and loop statement
%%%                        syntax, and whether recursion should be
%%%                        permitted in procedure calls.  Recursion
%%%                        received the most debate, but was also
%%%                        implicit in the BNF notation that defined the
%%%                        Algol 60 grammar.  All of de Beer's
%%%                        references are included in this file.
%%%
%%%                        At version 1.29, the year coverage looked
%%%                        like this:
%%%
%%%                             1943 (   1)    1971 (  80)    1999 (   4)
%%%                             1944 (   0)    1972 (  71)    2000 (   3)
%%%                             1945 (   0)    1973 (  43)    2001 (   2)
%%%                             1946 (   0)    1974 (  42)    2002 (  10)
%%%                             1947 (   0)    1975 (  44)    2003 (   6)
%%%                             1948 (   0)    1976 (  46)    2004 (   1)
%%%                             1949 (   0)    1977 (  79)    2005 (   2)
%%%                             1950 (   0)    1978 (  42)    2006 (   6)
%%%                             1951 (   0)    1979 (  36)    2007 (   4)
%%%                             1952 (   2)    1980 (  31)    2008 (   4)
%%%                             1953 (   0)    1981 (  46)    2009 (   3)
%%%                             1954 (   0)    1982 (  20)    2010 (   3)
%%%                             1955 (   0)    1983 (  19)    2011 (   7)
%%%                             1956 (   2)    1984 (  15)    2012 (   2)
%%%                             1957 (   3)    1985 (  19)    2013 (   2)
%%%                             1958 (   4)    1986 (  16)    2014 (   8)
%%%                             1959 (  18)    1987 (  13)    2015 (   2)
%%%                             1960 (  35)    1988 (  19)    2016 (   2)
%%%                             1961 (  81)    1989 (   5)    2017 (   1)
%%%                             1962 (  77)    1990 (   8)    2018 (   3)
%%%                             1963 (  86)    1991 (   9)    2019 (   1)
%%%                             1964 (  74)    1992 (  10)    2020 (   4)
%%%                             1965 (  85)    1993 (  24)    2021 (   1)
%%%                             1966 (  67)    1994 (   4)    2022 (   1)
%%%                             1967 (  56)    1995 (   6)    2023 (   2)
%%%                             1968 (  61)    1996 (  12)    2024 (   0)
%%%                             1969 (  84)    1997 (   6)    2025 (   4)
%%%                             1970 (  78)    1998 (   3)    2026 (   3)
%%%                             20xx (   1)
%%%
%%%                             Article:        909
%%%                             Book:           211
%%%                             InBook:           4
%%%                             InCollection:    16
%%%                             InProceedings:  193
%%%                             Manual:          12
%%%                             MastersThesis:    9
%%%                             Misc:            19
%%%                             PhdThesis:       18
%%%                             Proceedings:     38
%%%                             TechReport:     226
%%%                             Unpublished:     21
%%%
%%%                             Total entries: 1676
%%%
%%%                        Despite the year 1968 indicated in its name,
%%%                        the complexity of the new language was
%%%                        substantial, and compiler design and
%%%                        development techniques, theory, and tools
%%%                        were then primitive or nonexistent, so the
%%%                        first working compiler for the full language
%%%                        appeared only in 1974, on CDC mainframe
%%%                        computers in The Netherlands (see entries
%%%                        CDC:1975:AVR and Koster:1992:SHA).  Entries
%%%                        Lindsey:1993:HAE and Peck:1978:ASP report
%%%                        that there was a working compiler for Algol
%%%                        68-R on ICL 1900 machines in the UK before
%%%                        July 1970, but it did not yet implement the
%%%                        complete language.
%%%
%%%                        Those CDC computers had up to 2**18 = 262_144
%%%                        60-bit words, each holding up to 10 6-bit
%%%                        characters, so the total character storage in
%%%                        modern terms is only about 2.6 megabytes.
%%%                        Memory costs at the time were large, and many
%%%                        of the installed systems may have not had
%%%                        their maximum core memory capacity.  The
%%%                        author of this bibliography worked
%%%                        productively on a CDC 6400 for a few years,
%%%                        but it never had that Algol 68 compiler: we
%%%                        instead had assembly language, Fortran, and
%%%                        Pascal.
%%%
%%%                        See entry Peck:1978:ASP for a history of the
%%%                        development of Algol 68, by a member of the
%%%                        original design team.  See entry
%%%                        Alberts:1993:CHA for the proceedings of a
%%%                        conference on the history of Algol 68.  See
%%%                        entry Lindsey:1993:HA for another history of
%%%                        the development of Algol 68, also written by
%%%                        an original design team member.  See entry
%%%                        Dijkstra:1970:NIM in algol-bulletin.bib for a
%%%                        rebuttal to the language design, and entries
%%%                        about Algol N, Algol W, and Algol X, which
%%%                        were earlier proposals for the evolution of
%%%                        Algol 60.
%%%
%%%                        Entry vanderMeulen:1993:OFP describes the
%%%                        growing use of Algol 68 in university
%%%                        teaching in The Netherlands from 1966 to
%%%                        1981, but the section ``1981--now'' reports
%%%                        that Utrecht lost the language in 1982 when
%%%                        they moved to a VAX UNIX system without a
%%%                        compiler for Algol 68.  The Technical
%%%                        University of Twente dropped Algol 68 in
%%%                        1985.  The paper ends with ``In Nijmegen
%%%                        ALGOL68 held until 1987. In that year the
%%%                        language died in The Netherlands.''  It may
%%%                        be noted here that Adriaan ``Aad'' van
%%%                        Wijngaarden was born on 2 November 1916 and
%%%                        died on 7 February 1987.
%%%
%%%                        See entry Lindsey:1972:AFT for a description
%%%                        of the syntax and use of Algol 68, published
%%%                        as a valid compilable Algol 68 program.
%%%                        Although it presupposes some familiarity with
%%%                        Algol 60, it should be still readable to
%%%                        anyone with experience in a more recent
%%%                        programming language.
%%%
%%%                        See entry Braden:2013:BAS for the influence
%%%                        of Algol on computing at Stanford University,
%%%                        and on several of its illustrious people.
%%%
%%%                        See entries Bulyonkov:1993:AYU and
%%%                        Terekhov:2014:AIU for a description of the
%%%                        wide impact that Algol 68 had on computers in
%%%                        the USSR, and how it was used to bootstrap
%%%                        compilers for several other languages.
%%%
%%%                        In the 1960s, at the instigation of several
%%%                        members of the Algol teams, most notably,
%%%                        Fritz Bauer, Heinz Rutishauser, Jim
%%%                        Wilkinson, and Christian Reinsch, a Springer
%%%                        book series called the Handbook for Automatic
%%%                        Computation was planned.
%%%
%%%                        The first volume appeared in two parts
%%%                        (entries Bauer:1967:DA and Grau:1967:TA),
%%%                        describing the Algol 60 language and its
%%%                        translation (compilation).
%%%
%%%                        The second volume (entry Wilkinson:1971:LA)
%%%                        on linear algebra was hugely significant.
%%%                        Its contents were prepublished as
%%%                        English-language articles in the journal
%%%                        Numerische Mathematik, which despite its
%%%                        German name, publishes about 85 percent of
%%%                        its content in English.  Part I of the book
%%%                        volume covers computations in linear systems,
%%%                        least squares, and linear programming, and
%%%                        Part II covers the algebraic eigenvalue
%%%                        problem.  All of the code is written in Algol
%%%                        60, and was carefully tested on multiple
%%%                        platforms and clearly documented in the
%%%                        journal articles that form the book chapters.
%%%                        Because Algol 60 did not standardize
%%%                        input and output (transput in Algol terms),
%%%                        the book's procedures avoid that issue
%%%                        entirely.
%%%
%%%                        Importantly, the code is entirely open
%%%                        source, although that term was not then in
%%%                        use, and could be freely copied and used for
%%%                        any purpose, following a long tradition in
%%%                        numerical software going back to ideas of
%%%                        Charles Babbage in 1832 in his book, On the
%%%                        Economy of Machinery and Manufactures.
%%%
%%%                        The matrix operations described in Volume II
%%%                        of the Handbook for Automatic Computation are
%%%                        of strong interest and applicability in many
%%%                        areas of computing, but the scarcity of Algol
%%%                        support in North America, and the dominance
%%%                        of Fortran in that market, led a small team
%%%                        of numerical analysts to form the NATS
%%%                        Project, named after their home institutions,
%%%                        Northwestern University (Evanston, IL, USA),
%%%                        Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne, IL,
%%%                        USA, a southwestern Chicago suburb), the
%%%                        University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA, and
%%%                        Stanford University in Stanford, CA, USA.
%%%                        Their first objective was to translate the
%%%                        eigenvalue routines to Fortran, and as that
%%%                        work progressed, more researchers from other
%%%                        institutions joined the effort, and the
%%%                        meaning of NATS was changed to National
%%%                        Activity to Test Software.
%%%
%%%                        The completion of the Fortran versions of the
%%%                        Algol eigenvalue routines was announced as
%%%                        EISPACK in 1976, and documented in a book
%%%                        released as volume 6 of the now-famous
%%%                        Springer series, Lecture Notes in Computer
%%%                        Science, titled ``Matrix Eigensystem
%%%                        Routines: EISPACK Guide''.  As with the
%%%                        original Algol versions, the Fortran code in
%%%                        EISPACK is unrestricted and license free.
%%%
%%%                        In 1979, the translation of Part I of
%%%                        Linear Algebra from Algol to Fortran
%%%                        was completed, and documented in a
%%%                        book, ``LINPACK Users' Guide'', published by
%%%                        SIAM.  As with EISPACK, the code in LINPACK
%%%                        is unrestricted and license free.
%%%
%%%                        Implementation and testing of LINPACK during
%%%                        its development, on a wide range of
%%%                        computers, from small departmental machines,
%%%                        to mainframes, and to vector supercomputers,
%%%                        showed that many of the algorithms for
%%%                        working with linear systems had a small
%%%                        number of common kernels in the innermost of
%%%                        the (usually three) nested loops, computing
%%%                        things like vector products, vector norms,
%%%                        and vector sums.
%%%
%%%                        Because Fortran compiler technology of the
%%%                        time on some systems was not yet mature
%%%                        enough to fully exploit vector hardware, the
%%%                        LINPACK developers moved the inner loop code
%%%                        to a separate set of small procedures, called
%%%                        the Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines (BLAS),
%%%                        first published in 1979 in the journal ACM
%%%                        Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS).
%%%                        That code movement had NOT been done with the
%%%                        earlier EISPACK code.
%%%
%%%                        The idea was that some computer vendors
%%%                        could then produce highly optimized hand-written
%%%                        assembly code versions of the BLAS to fully
%%%                        exploit their hardware capabilities
%%%
%%%                        The level-1 BLAS (named after the number of
%%%                        nested loops that they contain) proved highly
%%%                        successful.  In subsequent years, compiler
%%%                        and hardware advances made it desirable to
%%%                        define level-2 and level-3 BLAS, and EISPACK
%%%                        and LINPACK were further evolved into a
%%%                        combined system defined in a 1992 book,
%%%                        ``LAPACK User's Guide'', published by SIAM.
%%%                        As with the earlier packages, LAPACK code is
%%%                        unrestricted and license free.
%%%
%%%                        One of the NATS team members, Cleve Moler, a
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT, native, and Stanford
%%%                        University doctoral graduate, then a
%%%                        Professor of Computer Science at the
%%%                        University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM,
%%%                        USA saw an educational need for convenient
%%%                        interactive use of matrix and vector
%%%                        computations.  In 1980, he described his new
%%%                        MATLAB system at the 1980 National Computer
%%%                        Conference.  Interestingly, his parser for
%%%                        the MATLAB language was based on one written
%%%                        by Algol team member, Niklaus Wirth, in his
%%%                        famous 1976 book, ``Algorithms + Data
%%%                        Structures = Programs'', for PL/0, a subset
%%%                        of the PL/1 language that IBM developed in
%%%                        the 1960s as a replacement for both COBOL and
%%%                        Fortran.
%%%
%%%                        About 1987, Cleve Moler and a colleague, Jack
%%%                        Little, formed a new company, The Mathworks,
%%%                        to continue to develop MATLAB as a commercial
%%%                        product.  That company, after almost four
%%%                        decades of operation, is a highly successful
%%%                        multi-billion dollar operation with thousands
%%%                        of employees, and has extended its offerings
%%%                        to include SIMULINK, for online simulation.
%%%
%%%                        Importantly, the compact language offered by
%%%                        MATLAB for matrix and vector operations is
%%%                        now commonly used in numerical analysis
%%%                        journals and textbooks for describing
%%%                        algorithms, and hiding much of the complexity
%%%                        of array indexing.  Efficient code generation
%%%                        for array operations had been the biggest
%%%                        challenge in writing the first Fortran
%%%                        compiler at IBM in 1954--1956.
%%%
%%%                        While MATLAB is a commercial licensed
%%%                        product, there is an open-source
%%%                        implementation for some of its capabilities
%%%                        in the GNU Octave System that was originally
%%%                        developed (abut 1988) by a single researcher,
%%%                        John W. Eaton, at the University of
%%%                        Wisconsin, Madison, and the University of
%%%                        Texas, Austin.  It was later contributed to
%%%                        the GNU Project, and now has many
%%%                        developers.
%%%
%%%                        Thus, the work of the designers of Algol in
%%%                        the 1950s and 1960s, has had a significant
%%%                        commercial, educational, engineering, and
%%%                        scientific legacy, even if much of that
%%%                        legacy is written today in Fortran, C, C++,
%%%                        Python, and other programming languages.
%%%
%%%                        Compilers for Algol 68 after the 1970s seem
%%%                        to be rare, and were rarer still outside
%%%                        Europe, as interest in the language waned in
%%%                        favor of other, and often simpler, languages.
%%%                        However, there are now at least two
%%%                        open-source compilers for Algol 68: Marcel
%%%                        van der Veer's Algol 68 Genie a68g (2001),
%%%                        and more recently, the GNU Algol 68 compiler
%%%                        ga68 (November 2025), developed by chief
%%%                        architect Jose E. Marchesi, with support from
%%%                        a team of volunteers.
%%%
%%%                        GNU ga68 is a late addition to gcc versions
%%%                        16 and 17, from November 2025, and as of
%%%                        mid-2026, is available in the package systems
%%%                        of only a few current operating systems.
%%%                        However, the author of this bibliography has
%%%                        routinely built gcc releases from compiler
%%%                        source code for decades, and adding algol68
%%%                        to the language list in the build commands
%%%                        was trivial.  He now has ga68 on AMD64
%%%                        (x86_64), ARM64 (aarch64), RISC-V64, and
%%%                        S390x systems, and builds for other CPU types
%%%                        are planned.  It is therefore likely that O/S
%%%                        package systems may soon offer ga68 as a
%%%                        normal member of the gcc compiler family,
%%%                        whose current releases support Ada, Algol 68,
%%%                        C, C++, D, Fortran, Go, Modula-2, Objective
%%%                        C, Objective C++, and Rust.  Older gcc
%%%                        releases also supported Java and Pascal.
%%%
%%%                        It is worth recording here that the UK
%%%                        Numerical Algorithms Group (NAG) Library was
%%%                        first issued in 1971 in both Fortran and
%%%                        Algol 60 versions, and by 1976, the Algol 60
%%%                        version was replaced by one for Algol 68. See
%%%                        entry Hodgson:1982:NAL in algol-bulletin.bib,
%%%                        and entry Haigh:2004:IBF, which gives later
%%%                        dates.  I have not been able to determine
%%%                        when the Algol 68 version was dropped from
%%%                        the NAG Library, but Web searches suggest the
%%%                        mid-1980s.  That library later added versions
%%%                        for Ada, C, C++, Java, Matlab, Microsoft
%%%                        .NET, and Pascal.
%%%
%%%                        The Algol programming language family members
%%%                        are parents of many other languages,
%%%                        including Ada, Euclid, Euler, Pascal, Maple,
%%%                        Modula, Modula-2, Modula-3, Oberon, and
%%%                        Simula, and to a lesser extent, B, BCPL,
%%%                        Bliss, C, C++, C#, D, Java, PL/1, Python,
%%%                        Unix command shells, ....
%%%
%%%                        Ideas and notations from Algol that
%%%                        influenced later languages include at least
%%%                        these:
%%%
%%%                        * array bounds checking at run time;
%%%
%%%                        * array dimensions embedded in types,
%%%                          removing the bug-prone practice of
%%%                          passing array dimension arguments
%%%                          separately from array names;
%%%
%%%                        * array slicing in procedure calls;
%%%
%%%                        * arrays with lower and upper bounds on
%%%                          dimensions, where the bounds can be
%%%                          determined with the lwb and upb operators
%%%                          at point of use, such as in loop indexes;
%%%
%%%                        * assignment vs equality test operators
%%%                          (:= vs =);
%%%
%%%                        * blanks permitted in variable names (a
%%%                          dreadful mistake borrowed from Fortran);
%%%
%%%                        * block structure (BEGIN/END, {...}, (...));
%%%
%%%                        * blocks return values from their last
%%%                          assignment or procedure call;
%%%
%%%                        * case statements (though restricted to
%%%                          integer or union selectors), with optional
%%%                          default value (the out keyword);
%%%
%%%                        * compound assignment operators (+:=, -:=,
%%%                          /:=, *:=, ...);
%%%
%%%                        * variable declarations can appear in code
%%%                          bodies, not just at the beginning of blocks
%%%                          or procedures;
%%%
%%%                        * dope vectors (for describing arrays and
%%%                          record structures) [in Algol 60, later
%%%                          adopted in PL/1];
%%%
%%%                        * dynamic as well as static arrays (even
%%%                          for multidimensional arrays, which
%%%                          complicates array indexing), with
%%%                          garbage collection;
%%%
%%%                        * exception handling, with optional default
%%%                          value replacements (see Bauer:1972:AWL,
%%%                          starting on page 48);
%%%
%%%                        * general loops (FOR, LOOP, WHILE, UNTIL),
%%%                          with loop indexes undeclared and known only
%%%                          within the loop, and required to be
%%%                          integers;
%%%
%%%                        * I/O implemented as library functions,
%%%                          rather than as language-reserved keywords;
%%%
%%%                        * language grammars defined by BNF
%%%                          (Backus Normal Form, or Backus-Naur Form);
%%%
%%%                        * length modifiers on basic numeric
%%%                          types (long, long long, long long long,
%%%                          short, ...);
%%%
%%%                        * length modifier suffixes on constants
%%%                          (e.g., 3.14159274 vs 3.1415926535897931L vs
%%%                          3.14159265358979323846264338327950382LL);
%%%
%%%                        * named constants in declarations (int nmax
%%%                          = 3, string ACME = {"}ACME Enterprises{"});
%%%
%%%                        * nested comment syntax;
%%%
%%%                        * no-op statements (dummy, empty, skip, stop,
%%%                          ...) [Fortran has CONTINUE, normally used
%%%                          as a GOTO target or loop end.  Most, or
%%%                          perhaps all, assembly languages have a
%%%                          no-op instruction];
%%%
%%%                        * operator overloading and creation of
%%%                          new unary or binary operators (the op
%%%                          keyword);
%%%
%%%                        * pointer variables (the ref keyword);
%%%
%%%                        * procedures as assignable objects;
%%%
%%%                        * recursive procedures via a stack
%%%                          (patented by Bauer and Samelson in
%%%                          1957--1962, but forseen by Turing in 1945,
%%%                          though barely noticed by others);
%%%
%%%                        * reversed keyword delimiters (comment ...
%%%                          tnemmoc, case ... esac, do ... od, if
%%%                          ... fi), although Algol 68 uses instead
%%%                          paired delimiters for comments: # ... #,
%%%                          cent-sign ... cent-sign, co ... co,
%%%                          comment ... comment;
%%%
%%%                        * semicolons as statement separators, instead
%%%                          of statement terminators;
%%%
%%%                        * statements as values (A := B := C :=
%%%                          ...), whence Algol 68 has no RETURN
%%%                          statement;
%%%
%%%                        * storage control (heap, stack, other);
%%%
%%%                        * strings of dynamic, and variable, length,
%%%                          with concatenation operators and substring
%%%                          operations, and possibly immutable
%%%                          contents;
%%%
%%%                        * type definitions (the mode keyword);
%%%
%%%                        * underscores in variable names;
%%%
%%%                        * unsigned integers, called bits, long bits,
%%%                          long long bits, ... in Algol 68;
%%%
%%%                        * variable argument counts in procedure
%%%                          calls;
%%%
%%%                        * void type.
%%%
%%%                        Web sites about the Algol language family and
%%%                        its compilers and libraries include:
%%%
%%%                            https://algol68genie.nl/en/algol-68-genie/
%%%                            https://algol68genie.nl/en/blog/revised-report-algol-68-html
%%%                            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_68
%%%                            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CORAL
%%%                            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JOVIAL
%%%                            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAG_Numerical_Library
%%%                            https://forge.sourceware.org/gcc/gcc-a68
%%%                            https://gcc.gnu.org/git/gcc.git
%%%                            https://gcc.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/algol68
%%%                            https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/algol68/
%%%                            https://github.com/coolbikerdad/Algol-68-Publications
%%%                            https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/collections/f9802aec-987b-41d4-8d4a-0a689e7010b7
%%%                            https://sites.google.com/site/programmingquodlibet/a68toc
%%%                            https://softwarepreservation.computerhistory.org/ALGOL/
%%%                            https://softwarepreservation.computerhistory.org/ALGOL/algol68impl.html
%%%                            https://softwarepreservation.computerhistory.org/ALGOL/applications.html
%%%                            https://softwarepreservation.computerhistory.org/ALGOL/standards.html#Algol_58
%%%                            https://softwarepreservation.computerhistory.org/ALGOL/standards.html#Algol_60
%%%                            https://www.algol60.org/
%%%                            https://www.britannica.com/technology/ALGOL-60
%%%                            https://www.britannica.com/technology/ALGOL-computer-language
%%%
%%%                        These members of the BibNet Project archives
%%%                        are among the important contributors to the
%%%                        design and development of the Algol programming
%%%                        language family, and its practical use:
%%%
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/forsythe-george-elmer.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hoare-c-a-r.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/householder-alston-s.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/olver-frank-w-j.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/reinsch-christian-h.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/stiefel-eduard.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wilkes-maurice-v.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wilkinson-james-hardy.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib
%%%
%%%                        Additional bibliographies related to the
%%%                        Algol history and influence described in this
%%%                        comment preamble include at least these:
%%%
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/c/cody-william-j.bib;
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dongarra-jack-j.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/moler-cleve-b.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol-bulletin.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1950.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1980.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1990.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2000.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2010.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2020.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/csharp.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran-forum.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran3.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hpfortran.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jacm.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2010.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2020.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/javarep.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/javaworld.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/maple-extract.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/maple-tech.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/matlab.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nummath.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nummath2000.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nummath2010.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nummath2020.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pvm.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/python.bib
%%%                            https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toms.bib
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================

@Preamble{
    "\ifx \undefined \booktitle    \def \booktitle    #1{{{\em #1}}} \fi" #
    "\ifx \undefined \operatorname \def \operatorname #1{{\rm #1}}   \fi"
}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Acknowledgement abbreviations:

@String{ack-cwi =  "Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, Amsterdam, The
                    Netherlands"}

@String{ack-dc =   "David Carlisle, NAG, Oxford, UK"}

@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
                    University of Utah,
                    Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
                    155 S 1400 E RM 233,
                    Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
                    Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
                    e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
                            \path|beebe@acm.org|,
                            \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
                    URL: \path|https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}

@String{ack-pm =   "Paul McJones, Computer History Museum, Palo Alto, CA, USA"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Institute abbreviations:

@String{inst-ATT-BELL           = "AT\&T Bell Laboratories"}
@String{inst-ATT-BELL:adr       = "Murray Hill, NJ, USA"}

@String{inst-CWI                = "Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica"}
@String{inst-CWI:adr            = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}

@String{inst-ETH                = "ETH Z{\"u}rich"}
@String{inst-ETH:adr            = "Z{\"u}rich, Switzerland"}

@String{inst-MATH-CENTRUM       = "Mathematisch Centrum (2 Boerhaavestraat 49),
                                  University of Amsterdam"}
@String{inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr   = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}

@String{inst-STAN-CS            = "Stanford University, Department of
                                  Computer Science"}
@String{inst-STAN-CS:adr        = "Stanford, CA, USA"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Journal abbreviations:

@String{j-ACTA-INFO             = "Acta Informatica"}

@String{j-ADA-USER-J            = "Ada User Journal"}

@String{j-AM-J-MATH             = "American Journal of Mathematics"}

@String{j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY     = "American Mathematical Monthly"}

@String{j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT       = "Annals of the History of Computing"}

@String{j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM = "Annual Review in Automatic Programming"}

@String{j-APPL-STAT             = "Applied Statistics"}

@String{j-AQUAT-ECOL            = "Aquatic Ecology"}

@String{j-AUSTRALIAN-COMP-J     = "Australian Computer Journal"}

@String{j-BIOMETRICS            = "Biometrics"}

@String{j-BIOMETRISCHE-Z        = "Biometrische Zeitschrift"}

@String{j-BIT                   = "BIT (Nordisk tidskrift for
                                  informationsbehandling)"}

@String{j-CACM                  = "Communications of the ACM"}

@String{j-CCCUJ                 = "C/C++ Users Journal"}

@String{j-CGF                   = "Com{\-}pu{\-}ter Graphics Forum"}

@String{j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS        = "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News"}

@String{j-COMP-GRAPHICS         = "Computer Graphics"}

@String{j-COMP-J                = "The Computer Journal"}

@String{j-COMP-LANGS            = "Computer Languages"}

@String{j-COMP-LANGS-SYS-STRUCT = "Computer Languages, Systems and Structures"}

@String{j-COMP-PHYS-COMM        = "Computer Physics Communications"}

@String{j-COMP-SURV             = "ACM Computing Surveys"}

@String{j-COMPUT-BULL           = "The Computer Bulletin"}

@String{j-COMPUTERS-AND-GRAPHICS = "Computers and Graphics"}

@String{j-COMPUTING             = "Computing"}

@String{j-DATAMATION            = "Datamation"}

@String{j-DDJ                   = "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools"}

@String{j-ELECTRON-POWER        = "Electronics and Power"}

@String{j-ELECTRONICS           = "Electronics"}

@String{j-ELEK-RECHENANLAGEN    = "Elektronische Rechenanlagen"}

@String{j-ELEKTRON-DATENVERARB  = "{Elektronische Datenverarbeitung}"}

@String{j-FORTEC-FORUM          = "ACM ForTec Forum"}

@String{j-HIST-STUD-NAT-SCI     = "Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences"}

@String{j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT  = "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing"}

@String{j-IEEE-MICRO            = "IEEE Micro"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT     = "IEEE Transactions on Computers"}

@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT = "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers"}

@String{j-INDAG-MATH-PROC       = "Indagationes Mathematicae (Proceedings)"}

@String{j-INF-CONTROL           = "Information and Control"}

@String{j-INFO-PROC-LETT        = "Information Processing Letters"}

@String{j-INFO-SCI              = "Information Sciences"}

@String{j-INFORMATIK-SPEKTRUM   = "Informatik Spektrum"}

@String{j-INT-J-COMPUT-INF-SCI  = "International Journal of Computer and
                                  Information Sciences"}

@String{j-IRE-TRANS-INF-THEORY  = "IRE Transactions on Information Theory"}

@String{j-ISIS                  = "Isis"}

@String{j-J-ACM                 = "Journal of the ACM"}

@String{j-J-AM-STAT-ASSOC       = "J. Amer. Statist. Assoc."}

@String{j-J-COMPUT-PHYS         = "Journal of Computational Physics"}

@String{j-J-FUNCT-PROGRAM       = "Journal of Functional Programming"}

@String{j-J-R-STAT-SOC-SER-A-GENERAL = "Journal of the Royal Statistical
                                  Society. Series A (General)"}

@String{j-J-SYMBOLIC-LOGIC      = "Journal of Symbolic Logic"}

@String{j-KIBERNETIKA           = "Kibernetika"}

@String{j-KYBERNETIKA           = "Kybernetika"}

@String{j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI   = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science"}

@String{j-LECT-NOTES-MATH       = "Lecture Notes in Mathematics"}

@String{j-LOGIN                 = ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter"}

@String{j-MATH-COMPUT           = "Mathematics of Computation"}

@String{j-MATH-COMPUT-SIMUL     = "Mathematics and Computers in Simulation"}

@String{j-MATH-GAZ              = "Mathematical Gazette"}

@String{j-NORDISK-MATH-TIDSKR   = "Nordisk Matematisk Tidskrift"}

@String{j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND = "Nordisk tidskrift for
                                  informationsbehandling"}

@String{j-NUM-MATH              = "{Numerische Mathematik}"}

@String{j-NUMER-ALGORITHMS      = "Numerical Algorithms"}

@String{j-NY-TIMES              = "New York Times"}

@String{j-OPER-SYS-REV          = "Operating Systems Review"}

@String{j-PACMPL                = "Proceedings of the ACM on Programming
                                   Languages (PACMPL)"}

@String{j-PI-MU-EPSILON-J       = "Pi Mu Epsilon Journal"}

@String{j-REV-INST-INT-STAT     = "Revue de l'Institut international de
                                  statistique = Review of the
                                  International Statistical Institute"}

@String{j-SCI-COMPUT-PROGRAM    = "Science of Computer Programming"}

@String{j-SIAM-NEWS             = "SIAM News"}

@String{j-SIAM-REVIEW           = "SIAM Review"}

@String{j-SIGACT                = "ACM SIGACT News"}

@String{j-SIGADA-LETTERS        = "ACM SIGADA Ada Letters"}

@String{j-SIGCSE                = "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group
                                  on Computer Science Education)"}

@String{j-SIGMETRICS            = "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation
                                  Review"}

@String{j-SIGMICRO              = "ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter"}

@String{j-SIGPLAN               = "ACM SIG{\-}PLAN Notices"}

@String{j-SIGSAM                = "SIGSAM Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group
                                  on Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation)"}

@String{j-SIGSOFT               = "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes"}

@String{j-SPE                   = "Soft\-ware\emdash Prac\-tice and
                                  Experience"}

@String{j-STAT-NEERLANDICA      = "Statistica Neerlandica"}

@String{j-THEOR-COMP-SCI        = "Theoretical Computer Science"}

@String{j-THEORY-PRACT-LOG-PROGRAM = "Theory and Practice of Logic Programming"}

@String{j-TODS                  = "ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}

@String{j-TOMS                  = "ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}

@String{j-TOPLAS                = "ACM Transactions on Programming
                                  Languages and Systems"}

@String{j-Z-ANGE-MATH-MECH      = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Mathematik
                                  und Mechanik}"}

@String{j-Z-ANGE-MATH-PHYS      = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Mathematik
                                  und Physik = Journal of Applied Mathematics
                                  and Physics}"}

@String{j-Z-MATH-LOGIK-GRUNDL-MATH = "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r mathematische Logik
                                  und Grundlagen der Mathematik}"}

@String{j-ZH-VYCHISL-MAT-MAT-FIZ = "Zhurnal Vychislitel'no{\u{\i}} Matematiki i
                                  Matematichesko{\u{\i}} Fiziki"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Publisher abbreviations:

@String{pub-ACADEMIC            = "Academic Press"}
@String{pub-ACADEMIC:adr        = "New York, USA"}

@String{pub-ACM                 = "ACM Press"}
@String{pub-ACM:adr             = "New York, NY 10036, USA"}

@String{pub-AFIPS               = "AFIPS Press"}
@String{pub-AFIPS:adr           = "Montvale, NJ, USA"}

@String{pub-AKADEMIE-VERLAG     = "Akademie-Verlag"}
@String{pub-AKADEMIE-VERLAG:adr = "Berlin, Germany"}

@String{pub-AMER-ELS            = "American Elsevier"}
@String{pub-AMER-ELS:adr        = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-AMS                 = "American Mathematical Society"}
@String{pub-AMS:adr             = "Providence, RI, USA"}

@String{pub-AW                  = "Ad{\-d}i{\-s}on-Wes{\-l}ey"}
@String{pub-AW:adr              = "Reading, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-BASIC-BOOKS         = "Basic Books"}
@String{pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr     = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-BIBLIO-INST         = "Bibliographisches Institut"}
@String{pub-BIBLIO-INST:adr     = "Mannheim, Germany"}

@String{pub-BIRKHAUSER          = "Birkh{\"{a}}user"}
@String{pub-BIRKHAUSER:adr      = "Cambridge, MA, USA; Berlin, Germany; Basel,
                                  Switzerland"}

@String{pub-BIRKHAUSER-BOSTON   = "Birkh{\"a}user Boston Inc."}
@String{pub-BIRKHAUSER-BOSTON:adr = "Cambridge, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-BSB-TEUBNER         = "BSB Teubner"}
@String{pub-BSB-TEUBNER:adr     = "Leipzig, East Germany"}

@String{pub-CAMBRIDGE           = "Cambridge University Press"}
@String{pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr       = "Cambridge, UK"}

@String{pub-CARL-HANSER         = "Carl Hanser"}
@String{pub-CARL-HANSER:adr     = "M{\"{u}}nchen, Germany"}

@String{pub-CLARENDON           = "Clarendon Press"}
@String{pub-CLARENDON:adr       = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-CSLI                = "CSLI Publications"}
@String{pub-CSLI:adr            = "Stanford, CA, USA"}

@String{pub-DEC                 = "Digital Equipment Corporation"}
@String{pub-DEC:adr             = "Maynard, MA, USA"}

@String{pub-DUNOD               = "Dunod"}
@String{pub-DUNOD:adr           = "Paris, France"}

@String{pub-EDITORIAL-LIMUSA    = "Editorial Limusa"}
@String{pub-EDITORIAL-LIMUSA:adr = "Mexico, DF, Mexico"}

@String{pub-ELSEVIER            = "Elsevier"}
@String{pub-ELSEVIER:adr        = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}

@String{pub-ENH                 = "Elsevier North-Holland Publishing Co., Inc."}
@String{pub-ENH:adr             = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-GAUTHIER-VILLARS    = "Gauthier-Villars"}
@String{pub-GAUTHIER-VILLARS:adr = "Paris, France"}

@String{pub-HERMANN             = "Hermann"}
@String{pub-HERMANN:adr         = "Paris, France"}

@String{pub-HMSO                = "Her Majesty's Stationery Office"}
@String{pub-HMSO:adr            = "London, UK"}

@String{pub-HRW                 = "Holt, Rinehart, and Winston"}
@String{pub-HRW:adr             = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-IEEE                = "IEEE Computer Society Press"}
@String{pub-IEEE:adr            = "1109 Spring Street, Suite 300,
                                  Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}

@String{pub-IFIP                = "[to do]"}
@String{pub-IFIP:adr            = "[to do]"}

@String{pub-ISO                 = "International Organization for
                                  Standardization"}
@String{pub-ISO:adr             = "Geneva, Switzerland"}

@String{pub-MACMILLAN           = "Macmillan Publishing Company"}
@String{pub-MACMILLAN:adr       = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-MCGRAW-HILL         = "Mc{\-}Graw-Hill"}
@String{pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr     = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-NAUKA               = "Nauka"}
@String{pub-NAUKA:adr           = "Moscow, USSR"}

@String{pub-NORTH-HOLLAND       = "North-Hol{\-}land"}
@String{pub-NORTH-HOLLAND:adr   = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}

@String{pub-OLDENBOURG          = "R. Oldenbourg"}
@String{pub-OLDENBOURG:adr      = "M{\"u}nchen, Germany"}

@String{pub-OXFORD              = "Oxford University Press"}
@String{pub-OXFORD:adr          = "Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, UK"}

@String{pub-PERGAMON            = "Pergamon"}
@String{pub-PERGAMON:adr        = "New York, NY, USA and Oxford, UK"}

@String{pub-PH                  = "Pren{\-}tice-Hall"}
@String{pub-PH:adr              = "Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, USA"}

@String{pub-RES-EDU-ASSOC       = "Research and Education Association"}
@String{pub-RES-EDU-ASSOC:adr   = "New York, NY, USA"}

@String{pub-SV                  = "Springer-Verlag"}
@String{pub-SV:adr              = "Berlin, Germany~/ Heidelberg, Germany~/
                                   London, UK~/ etc."}

@String{pub-TEUBNER             = "B. G. Teubner"}
@String{pub-TEUBNER:adr         = "Stuttgart, Germany; Leipzig, Germany"}

@String{pub-UTIL-MATH           = "Utilitas Mathematica Publishers"}
@String{pub-UTIL-MATH:adr       = "Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}

@String{pub-VIEWEG              = "Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn"}
@String{pub-VIEWEG:adr          = "Braunschweig, Germany"}

@String{pub-WILEY               = "John Wiley"}
@String{pub-WILEY:adr           = "New York, NY, USA"}
@String{pub-WILEY-LONDON:adr    = "London, UK"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Series abbreviations:

@String{ser-LNCS                = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science"}

@String{ser-SIGPLAN             = "ACM SIG{\-}PLAN Notices"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Bibliography entries, sorted by year, and then by citation label,
%%% with ``bibsort --byyear'':

@Article{Post:1943:FRG,
  author =       "Emil L. Post",
  title =        "Formal reductions of the general combinatorial
                 decision problem",
  journal =      j-AM-J-MATH,
  volume =       "65",
  pages =        "197--215",
  year =         "1943",
  CODEN =        "AJMAAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/2371809",
  ISSN =         "0002-9327,1080-6377",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9327",
  MRclass =      "02.0X",
  MRnumber =     "7893",
  MRreviewer =   "R. M. Martin",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 11:31:47 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Amer. J. Math.",
  fjournal =     "American Journal of Mathematics",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.jstor.org/journal/amerjmath",
  remark =       "This article is credited in \cite[page
                 206]{Nijholt:1988:BPA} as the origin of the notation
                 for language grammar rules, later exploited by Noam
                 Chomsky, John Backus, and Peter Naur.",
}

@Article{Rutishauser:1952:ARPa,
  author =       "Heinz Rutishauser",
  title =        "{Automatische Rechenplanfertigung bei
                 programmgesteuerten Rechenmaschinen}. ({German})
                 [{Automatic} calculation plan production with
                 program-controlled calculating machines]",
  journal =      "Mitt. Inst. Angew. Math. Z{\"u}rich",
  volume =       "1952",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "45",
  year =         "1952",
  ISSN =         "0514-8146",
  MRclass =      "65.0X",
  MRnumber =     "56361",
  MRreviewer =   "H. H. Goldstine",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 24 21:56:15 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10 November
                 1970)",
  fjournal =     "Mitteilungen aus dem Institut f{\"u}r Angewandte
                 Mathematik an der Eidgen{\"o}ssischen Technischen
                 Hochschule in Z{\"u}rich",
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "This is the author's Habilitation thesis. Check:
                 Wikiwand site says the Habilitation was awarded in
                 1951, but 1952 is the correct year for this entry.",
}

@Article{Rutishauser:1952:ARPb,
  author =       "Heinz Rutishauser",
  title =        "{Automatische Rechenplanfertigung bei
                 programmgesteuerten Rechenmaschinen}. ({German})
                 [{Automatic} calculation plan production with
                 program-controlled calculating machines]",
  journal =      j-Z-ANGE-MATH-PHYS,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "312--313",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1952",
  CODEN =        "ZAMPDB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02009622",
  ISSN =         "0044-2275 (print), 1420-9039 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0044-2275",
  MRclass =      "65.0X",
  MRnumber =     "49648",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 24 21:56:15 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10 November
                 1970)",
  fjournal =     "Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Mathematik und Physik.
                 ZAMP. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics.
                 Journal de Math\'{e}matiques et de Physique
                 Appliqu\'{e}es",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/33",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Chomsky:1956:TMD,
  author =       "Noam Chomsky",
  title =        "Three Models for the Description of Language",
  journal =      j-IRE-TRANS-INF-THEORY,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "113--124",
  year =         "1956",
  CODEN =        "IRITAY",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1956.1056813",
  ISSN =         "0096-1000 (print), 2168-2712 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0096-1000",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 26 12:46:16 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/datacompression.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-ds,
  fjournal =     "IRE Transactions on Information Theory",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=4547527",
  rawdata =      "Chomsky, N. (1956) ``Three Models for the Description
                 of Language,'' {\it IRE Transactions on Information
                 Theory}, {\bf2}(3):113--124.",
}

@Article{Melahn:1956:DCV,
  author =       "Wesley S. Melahn",
  title =        "A Description of a Cooperative Venture in the
                 Production of an Automatic Coding System",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "266--271",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1956",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/320843.320844",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411 (print), 1557-735X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 04 23:46:26 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jacm.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Assoc. Comput. Mach.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/jacm",
  keywords =     "Project for the Advancement of Coding Techniques
                 (PACT).",
  remark =       "This report is about early attempts to standardize
                 software coding. From p. 266: ``Problem check-out was
                 expensive and time-consuming. In some cases, check-out
                 time was running as high as 40\% of production time.
                 Estimates of the cost of writing and checking a program
                 put the cost at something like \$2 to \$10 per
                 instruction. Far too many of the problems that were
                 being run were inefficiently and awkwardly put
                 together, resulting in an excess of machine time for
                 execution. Experienced programmers were hard to
                 find.''",
}

@InProceedings{Hamblin:1957:ACS,
  author =       "Charles L. Hamblin",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Data Processing and Automatic Computing Machines,
                 Proceedings of a conference at the {Weapons Research
                 Establishment, Salisbury, S.A., June 3--8, 1957}",
  title =        "An Addressless Coding Scheme Based on a Mathematical
                 Notation",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "121:1--121:12",
  year =         "1957",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 11 16:04:22 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Leonard Hamblin (1922--1985)",
  remark =       "See also slightly abridged journal article
                 \cite{Hamblin:1957:CL}, reprinted in
                 \cite{Hamblin:1985:CL}, with an obituary in
                 \cite{Allen:1985:CH}.",
}

@Article{Hamblin:1957:CL,
  author =       "Charles L. Hamblin",
  title =        "Computer languages",
  journal =      "Australian Journal of Science",
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "195--198",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1957",
  CODEN =        "AJSIA9",
  ISSN =         "0365-3668",
  ISSN-L =       "0365-3668",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 17:15:20 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "See reprint with commentary \cite{Hamblin:1985:CL},
                 and Hamblin obituary \cite{Allen:1985:CH}.",
  URL =          "https://50years.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/50years/journals/acj/ACJ-V17-N04-198511.pdf;
                 https://academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Charles_Hamblin",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Aust. J. Sci.",
  author-dates = "Charles Leonard Hamblin (1922--1985)",
  remark =       "Bauer \cite[page 39]{Bauer:2002:SPA} cites this paper
                 as an early example of implementing stacks in hardware.
                 No online journal archive has been found. The journal
                 was published from 1938 to 1970, then evolved into the
                 current Australasian Science, which ceased publication
                 in 2019.",
}

@Article{Kantorovich:1957:MSC,
  author =       "L. V. Kantorovich",
  title =        "On a mathematical symbolism convenient for performing
                 machine calculations",
  journal =      "Doklady AN USSR",
  volume =       "113",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "738--741",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1957",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 13:08:49 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Referenced in \cite{Naur:1963:DGAb}.",
}

@Misc{Bauer:1958:IRC,
  author =       "F. L. Bauer and K. Samelson",
  title =        "Improvements in and relating to computing machines",
  howpublished = "British patent 892098",
  day =          "31",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1958",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 15:27:53 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "This is the British patent award for the ``stack'' in
                 computers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980)",
}

@Article{Bottenbruch:1958:UAF,
  author =       "H. Bottenbruch",
  title =        "{{\"U}bersetzung von algorithmischen Formelsprachen in
                 die Programmsprachen von Rechenmaschine}. ({German})
                 [{Translation} of algorithmic formula languages into
                 the programming languages of computing machines]",
  journal =      j-Z-MATH-LOGIK-GRUNDL-MATH,
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "180--221",
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "ZMLGAQ",
  ISSN =         "0044-3050",
  ISSN-L =       "0044-3050",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 12:51:02 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Z. Math. Logik Grundlagen Math.",
  fjournal =     "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r mathematische Logik und
                 Grundlagen der Mathematik}",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Perlis:1958:PRI,
  author =       "Alan J. Perlis and K. Samelson",
  title =        "Preliminary Report --- {International Algebraic
                 Language}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "8--22",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/377924.594925",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 14 15:48:22 MDT 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm1.html#PerlisS58;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1950.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0084.12401",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  oldlabel =     "PerlisS58",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/PerlisS58",
  ZBmath =       "3137737",
}

@Article{Wolpe:1958:AAL,
  author =       "Harold Wolpe",
  title =        "Algorithm for Analyzing Logical Statements to Produce
                 a Truth Function Table",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "4--13",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1958",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/368711.368721",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 14 15:48:20 MDT 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm1.html#Wolpe58;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1950.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  oldlabel =     "Wolpe58",
  remark =       "This article is credited in \cite[page
                 205]{Nijholt:1988:BPA} as the inspiration for
                 developers of the JOVIAL [Jules Own Version of
                 International ALGOL] language and compiler for the US
                 Air Force.",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Wolpe58",
}

@InProceedings{Backus:1959:SSP,
  author =       "J. W. Backus",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Information Processing: Proceedings of the
                 International Conference on Information Processing",
  title =        "The Syntax and Semantics of the Proposed
                 {International Algebraic Language} of the {Zurich
                 ACM-GAMM Conference}",
  publisher =    pub-OLDENBOURG,
  address =      pub-OLDENBOURG:adr,
  pages =        "125--131",
  year =         "1959",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 16:59:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxpages =      "125--131",
}

@TechReport{Bockhorst:1959:IJC,
  author =       "J. Bockhorst and J. Reynolds",
  title =        "Introduction to ``{JOVIAL}'' Coding",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "FN-L0-139",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Lodi, NJ, USA",
  year =         "1959",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:05:03 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bottenbruch:1959:EAS,
  author =       "H. Bottenbruch",
  title =        "{Erlauterung der algorithmischen Sprache ALGOL anhand
                 einiger elementarer Programmierbeispiele}. ({German})
                 [{Explanation} of the algorithmic language {ALGOL}
                 using some elementary programming examples]",
  journal =      "{Bl{\"a}tter der Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r
                 Versicherungsmathematik}",
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "199--208",
  year =         "1959",
  ISSN =         "0012-0200",
  ISSN-L =       "0012-0200",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 12:56:03 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Bl. Deutsch. Ges. Versicherungsmath.",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Bratman:1959:RSA,
  author =       "Harvy Bratman and Julien Green and John Stockman and
                 Albert R. Watson",
  title =        "Recommendations of the {SHARE ALGOL Committee}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "25--26",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/368453.1127875",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:21:36 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm2.html#Anonymous59a;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1950.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  oldlabel =     "Anonymous59a",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Anonymous59a",
}

@Article{Bright:1959:CCI,
  author =       "H. S. Bright",
  title =        "Card Code for {IAL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "6--9",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/368325.1064211",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 12:02:24 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1950.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Dijkstra:1959:ASC,
  author =       "Edsger W. Dijkstra and W. Heise and Alan J. Perlis and
                 K. Samelson",
  title =        "{ALGOL} Sub-Committee Report --- Extensions",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "24--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:36:12 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm2.html#DijkstraHPS59;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1950.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  oldlabel =     "DijkstraHPS59",
  remark =       "Check: not in CACM archives in v2n9.",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/DijkstraHPS59",
}

@Article{Green:1959:PMI,
  author =       "Julien Green",
  title =        "Possible Modifications to the {International Algebraic
                 Language}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6--8",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/368280.368285",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 14 15:48:22 MDT 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm2.html#Green59;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1950.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0088.09901",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "International Algebraic Language (IAL)",
  oldlabel =     "Green59",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Green59",
  ZBmath =       "3143950",
}

@Article{Green:1959:RAS,
  author =       "Julien Green and R. M. Shapiro and F. R. {Helt.Jr.}
                 and R. G. Franciotti and E. H. Theil",
  title =        "Remarks on {ALGOL} and Symbol Manipulation",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "25--27",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/368424.368438",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 14 15:48:23 MDT 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm2.html#Green59a;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1950.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0095.11701",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  oldlabel =     "Green59a",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Green59a",
  ZBmath =       "3155132",
}

@Article{Heise:1959:AIS,
  author =       "W. Heise",
  title =        "{ALGOL} --- et Internationalt Sprog for Elektron
                 Regnemaskiner. ({Danish}) [{ALGOL} --- an international
                 language for electronic computers]",
  journal =      "Ingeni{\o}ren",
  volume =       "68",
  number =       "17",
  pages =        "505--??",
  year =         "1959",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 12:53:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Danish",
}

@Article{Irons:1959:PIA,
  author =       "Edgar T. Irons and F. S. Acton",
  title =        "A Proposed Interpretation in {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "14--15",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/368518.368546",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 14 15:48:24 MDT 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm2.html#IronsA59;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1950.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  oldlabel =     "IronsA59",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/IronsA59",
}

@Article{McCarthy:1959:LEC,
  author =       "John McCarthy",
  title =        "Letter to the Editor: [On Conditional Expressions and
                 Recursive Functions]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "2--3",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/368405.1773349",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 14 15:48:23 MDT 2004",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Ai/lisp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1950.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Perlis:1959:RAL,
  author =       "A. J. Perlis and K. Samelson",
  title =        "Report on the algorithmic language {ALGOL} by the
                 {ACM} committee on programming languages and the {GAMM}
                 committee on programming",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "41--60",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01386372",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Sun Oct 17 19:01:15 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nummath.bib",
  URL =          "https://eudml.org/doc/131418",
  ZMnumber =     "0084.12302",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/211",
  ZBmath =       "3137736",
}

@Article{Samelson:1959:SFG,
  author =       "K. Samelson and F. L. Bauer",
  title =        "{Sequentielle Formel{\"u}bersetzung}. ({German})
                 [{Sequential} formula translation]",
  journal =      j-ELEK-RECHENANLAGEN,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "176--182",
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "ELRAA4",
  ISSN =         "0013-5720",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 18 15:40:02 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{Samelson:1960:SFT}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980)",
  fjournal =     "Elektronische Rechenanlagen",
  language =     "German",
}

@TechReport{Schwartz:1959:JP,
  author =       "J. I. Schwartz",
  title =        "{JOVIAL} --- Primer \#1",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "FN-L0-154",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Lodi, NJ, USA",
  year =         "1959",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:28:36 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Schwartz:1959:JR,
  author =       "J. I. Schwartz",
  title =        "{JOVIAL} --- Report \#2",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "FN-L0-34-1",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Lodi, NJ, USA",
  year =         "1959",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:28:36 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Schwartz:1959:PRJ,
  author =       "J. I. Schwartz",
  title =        "Preliminary Report on {JOVIAL}",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "FN-L0-34",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Lodi, NJ, USA",
  year =         "1959",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:28:36 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wegstein:1959:FCO,
  author =       "J. H. Wegstein",
  title =        "From Formulas to Computer Oriented Language",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "6--8",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/368300.368318",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 14 15:48:22 MDT 2004",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm2.html#Wegstein59;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1950.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  oldlabel =     "Wegstein59",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Wegstein59",
}

@Article{Williams:1959:HII,
  author =       "Francis A. Williams",
  title =        "Handling Identifiers as Internal Symbols in Language
                 Processors",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "21--24",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1959",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/368336.368352",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 14 15:48:23 MDT 2004",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/hash.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm2.html#Williams59;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1950.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  oldlabel =     "Williams59",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Williams59",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1960:LPR,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Appendix Two: Preliminary report of {ACM-GAMM}
                 committee on an international algebraic language",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "268--290",
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(60)90047-1",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 06:35:31 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Article{Arden:1960:LPR,
  author =       "B. Arden and B. Galler and R. Graham",
  title =        "Letters: Preliminary Report ({February 4, 1960}) of
                 {Peter Naur}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "A13--A13",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:27 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Naur:1960:RALa}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Backus:1960:RALa,
  author =       "J. W. Backus and F. L. Bauer and J. Green and C. Katz
                 and J. McCarthy and P. {Naur, Editor} and A. J. Perlis
                 and H. Rutishauser and K. Samelson and B. Vauquois and
                 J. H. Wegstein and A. van Wijngaarden and M. Woodger",
  title =        "Report on the algorithmic language {Algol 60}",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "106--136",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01386216",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 18 10:06:00 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nummath.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01386216",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Adriaan ``Aad'' van Wijngaarden (2 November 1916--7
                 February 1987); Alan Jay Perlis (1 April 1922--7
                 February 1990); Bernard Vauquois (14 June 1929--30
                 September 1985); Charles Abraham Katz (7 July 1927--9
                 May 1974); Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June
                 1924--26 March 2015); Heinz Rutishauser (30 January
                 1918--10 November 1970); John McCarthy (4 September
                 1927--24 October 2011); John Warner Backus (3 December
                 1924--17 March 2007); Joseph Henry Wegstein (7 April
                 1922--16 August 1985); Julien Green (????--????); Klaus
                 Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May-1980); Michael
                 Woodger (28 March 1923--14 July 2025); Peter Naur (25
                 October 1928--3 January 2016)",
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/211",
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Also translated in Russian in 1960 by the
                 Computational Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the
                 USSR.",
}

@Article{Backus:1960:RALb,
  author =       "J. W. Backus and F. L. Bauer and J. Green and C. Katz
                 and J. McCarthy and P. {Naur, Editor} and A. J. Perlis
                 and H. Rutishauser and K. Samelson and B. Vauquois and
                 J. H. Wegstein and A. van Wijngaarden and M. Woodger",
  title =        "Report on the algorithmic language {Algol 60}",
  journal =      "Acta Polytechnica Scandinavica: Mathematics and
                 Computing Machinery Series",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1--39",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "APSMAT",
  ISSN =         "0355-2713",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 14 17:29:22 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://web.archive.org/web/20191029151524id_/http://web.eah-jena.de/%7Ekleine/history/languages/Algol60-Naur.pdf",
  abstract =     "The report gives a complete defining description of
                 the international algorithmic language ALGOL 60. This
                 1s a language suitable for expressing a large class of
                 numerical processes 1n a form sufficiently concise for
                 direct automatic translation into the language of
                 programmed automatic computers.\par

                 The introduction contains an account of the preparatory
                 work leading up to the final conference, where the
                 language was defined. In addition the notions reference
                 language, publication language, and hardware
                 representations, are explained.\par

                 In the first chapter a survey of the basic constituents
                 and features of the language is given, and the formal
                 notation, by which the syntactic structure is defined,
                 is explained.\par

                 The second chapter lists all the basic symbols, and the
                 syntactic units known as identifiers, numbers, and
                 strings, are defined. Further some important notions
                 such as quantity and value are defined,\par

                 The third chapter explains the rules for forming
                 expressions and the meaning of these expressions. Three
                 different types of expressions exist: arithmetic,
                 Boolean (logical), and designational,\par

                 The fourth chapter describes the operational units of
                 the language, known as statements. The basic statements
                 are: assignment statements (evaluation of a formula),
                 go to statements (explicit break of the sequence of
                 execution of statements), dummy statements, and
                 procedure statements (call for execution of a closed
                 process, defined by a procedure declaration). The
                 formation of more complex structures, having statement
                 character, 1s explained. These include: conditional
                 statements, for statements compound statements, and
                 blocks.\par

                 In the fifth chapter the units known as declarations,
                 serving for defining permanent properties of the units
                 entering into a process described in the language are
                 defined.\par

                 The report ends with two detailed examples of the use
                 of the language and an alphabetic index of
                 definitions,",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Acta Polytech. Scand., Math. Comput. Mach. Ser.",
  author-dates = "Adriaan ``Aad'' van Wijngaarden (2 November 1916--7
                 February 1987); Alan Jay Perlis (1 April 1922--7
                 February 1990); Bernard Vauquois (14 June 1929--30
                 September 1985); Charles Abraham Katz (7 July 1927--9
                 May 1974); Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June
                 1924--26 March 2015); Heinz Rutishauser (30 January
                 1918--10 November 1970); John McCarthy (4 September
                 1927--24 October 2011); John Warner Backus (3 December
                 1924--17 March 2007); Joseph Henry Wegstein (7 April
                 1922--16 August 1985); Julien Green (????--????); Klaus
                 Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May-1980); Michael
                 Woodger (28 March 1923--14 July 2025); Peter Naur (25
                 October 1928--3 January 2016)",
  journal-URL =  "????",
  pdfpages =     "39",
}

@InProceedings{Backus:1960:SSP,
  author =       "J. W. Backus",
  title =        "The Syntax and Semantics of the {Proposed
                 International Algebraic} Language of the {Zurich
                 ACM-GAMM} Conference",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1960:ICI",
  pages =        "125--132",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 05:38:16 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Bauer:1960:CPF,
  author =       "F. L. Bauer and K. Samelson",
  title =        "The Cellar Principle for Formula Translation",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1960:ICI",
  pages =        "154--155",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 05:38:16 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "The cellar principle (Operationskeller), developed by
                 the authors in 1955, is the origin of the ``stack'' in
                 computers. It was patented in 1957--1962.",
  URL =          "https://softwarepreservation.computerhistory.org/ALGOL/paper/AP_Symposium-ICIP-1959.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980)",
  remark =       "TO DO: Check page range.",
}

@Article{Bauer:1960:FCL,
  author =       "F. L. Bauer",
  title =        "The Formula-Controlled Logical Computer
                 ``{Stanislaus}''",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "69",
  pages =        "64--67",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/2002986",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0025-5718",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "135685",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 20 18:22:34 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/mathcomp1960.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  note =         "Technical Notes and Short Papers.",
  URL =          "https://www.jstor.org/stable/2002986",
  ZMID =         "03155578",
  ZMnumber =     "0095.24701",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015)",
  fjournal =     "Mathematics of Computation",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.ams.org/mcom/",
  keywords =     "philosophy and foundations of mathematics",
}

@InProceedings{Bauer:1960:PCL,
  author =       "F. L. Bauer and K. Samelson",
  title =        "The problem of a common language, especially for
                 scientific numerical work (motives, restrictions, aims
                 and results of the {Zurich Conference on ALGOL})",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1960:ICI",
  pages =        "120--125",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 21 15:10:11 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0112.08209",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980)",
  keywords =     "numerical analysis",
  ZBmath =       "3181459",
}

@Misc{Bauer:1960:VAV,
  author =       "Friedrich Ludwig Bauer and Klaus Samelson",
  title =        "{Verfahren zur automatischen Verarbeitung von
                 kodierten Daten und Rechenmaschine zur Aus{\"u}bung des
                 Verfahrens}. ({German}) [{Method for the automatic
                 processing of coded data and calculating machine to
                 carry out the method}]",
  howpublished = "German patent 1,094,019.",
  day =          "1",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Sun Aug 23 15:13:12 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "This is the German patent award for the ``stack'' in
                 computers, and one of the earliest for a software
                 implementation. Patent filed 30 March 1957.",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-48354-7_2;
                 https://patents.google.com/patent/DE1094019B",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015)",
}

@TechReport{Bottenbruch:1960:CSA,
  author =       "H. Bottenbruch",
  title =        "A Critical Study of {ALGOL}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "105",
  institution =  "University of Illinois, Digital Computer Laboratory",
  address =      "Urbana, IL, USA",
  day =          "8",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 12:59:55 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Dijkstra:1960:CPA,
  author =       "Edsger W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "Cursus programmeren in {ALGOL 60} ({Dutch}) [{Course}
                 in programming in {ALGOL 60}]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam",
  address =      "Amsterdam, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 16 08:14:00 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@InCollection{Dijkstra:1960:RPa,
  author =       "Edsger W. Dijkstra",
  editor =       "Saul Rosen",
  booktitle =    "Programming Systems and Languages",
  title =        "Recursive Programming",
  chapter =      "3C",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "221--227",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 12 11:58:16 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Compiler/bcp.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
}

@Article{Dijkstra:1960:RPb,
  author =       "Edsger W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "Recursive Programming",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "312--318",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01386232",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  MRclass =      "Contributed Item",
  MRnumber =     "1553940",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 16 08:14:00 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nummath.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scicomputprogram.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{vandenHove:2017:DHC}.",
  URL =          "http://gdzdoc.sub.uni-goettingen.de/sub/digbib/loader?did=D196346",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  filesize =     "912 KB",
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/211",
  oldlabel =     "EWD:NumerMath60",
  remark =       "This paper introduced the idea of a `stack' in
                 computer science.",
}

@Article{Floyd:1960:ADA,
  author =       "Robert W. Floyd",
  title =        "An Algorithm Defining {ALGOL} Assignment Statements",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "170--171",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:26 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm3.html#Floyd60;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Robert W. Floyd (8 June 1936--25 September 2001)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  oldlabel =     "Floyd60",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Floyd60",
}

@Article{Genuys:1960:RAL,
  author =       "F. Genuys and J. Poyen and B. Vauquois",
  title =        "Rapport sur le langage algorithmique {Algol 60}.
                 ({French}) [{Report} on the algorithmic language {ALGOL
                 60}]",
  journal =      "Chiffres: Revue de {l'Association Fran{\c{c}}aise de
                 Calcul}",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1--44",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1960",
  ISSN =         "0245-9922",
  ISSN-L =       "0245-9922",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:54:46 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Translation by the authors to French of
                 \cite{Perlis:1959:RAL}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
  remark =       "ISSN uncertain: many publications have similar names.
                 I cannot find an online archive of this journal, which
                 published only from 1958 to 1962.",
}

@TechReport{Howell:1960:JVD,
  author =       "H. L. Howell",
  title =        "{JOVIAL} --- Variable Definition for the [{IBM}] 709
                 Translator",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "FN-L0-34-2-52",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Paramus, NJ, USA",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:08:20 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Huskey:1960:NDA,
  author =       "Harry D. Huskey and M. H. Halstead and R. McArthur",
  title =        "{NELIAC}---a dialect of {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "463--468",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:28 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@InProceedings{Huskey:1960:VA,
  author =       "H. D. Huskey",
  title =        "A Variation of {ALGOL}",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1960:ICI",
  pages =        "152--??",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 05:38:16 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "TO DO: Check page range.",
}

@Article{McIsaac:1960:CAS,
  author =       "Paul McIsaac",
  title =        "Combining {ALGOL} statement analysis with validity
                 checking",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "418--419",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:27 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Naur:1960:AIS,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "{ALGOL}: det internationale sprog til at beskrive
                 logiske og numeriske processer. ({Danish}) [{ALGOL}:
                 the international language for describing logical and
                 numerical processes]",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-MATH-TIDSKR,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  publisher =    "Mathematica Scandinavica",
  pages =        "117--129",
  year =         "1960",
  ISSN =         "00291412",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 8 10:53:07 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/24524560",
  abstract =     "A short description of the algorithmic language ALGOL,
                 illustrated by simple examples. The historical
                 background and the possible future developments are
                 also briefly sketched.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Peter Naur (25 October 1928--3 January 2016)",
  fjournal =     "Nordisk Matematisk Tidskrift",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/nordmatetids",
  language =     "Danish",
  urldate =      "2026-06-08",
}

@Article{Naur:1960:RALa,
  author =       "Peter Naur and J. W. Backus and F. L. Bauer and J.
                 Green and C. Katz and J. McCarthy and A. J. Perlis and
                 H. Rutishauser and K. Samelson and B. Vauquois and J.
                 H. Wegstein and A. van Wijngaarden and M. Woodger",
  title =        "Report on the Algorithmic Language {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "299--314",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/367236.367262",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "24\#B485",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:26 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/reynolds.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See letter \cite{Arden:1960:LPR}. Dedicated to the
                 Memory of William Turanski [American group member who
                 was killed by an automobile just prior to the January
                 1960 Conference].",
  URL =          "https://web.archive.org/web/20171002221007id_/http://www.eah-jena.de/~kleine/history/languages/Algol60-ACM.pdf",
  ZMID =         "03145581",
  ZMnumber =     "0089.12510",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Adriaan ``Aad'' van Wijngaarden (2 November 1916--7
                 February 1987); Alan Jay Perlis (1 April 1922--7
                 February 1990); Bernard Vauquois (14 June 1929--30
                 September 1985); Charles Abraham Katz (7 July 1927--9
                 May 1974); Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June
                 1924--26 March 2015); Heinz Rutishauser (30 January
                 1918--10 November 1970); John McCarthy (4 September
                 1927--24 October 2011); John Warner Backus (3 December
                 1924--17 March 2007); Joseph Henry Wegstein (7 April
                 1922--16 August 1985); Julien Green (????--????); Klaus
                 Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May-1980); Michael
                 Woodger (28 March 1923--14 July 2025); Peter Naur (25
                 October 1928--3 January 2016)",
  checked =      "15 July 1993",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "numerical analysis",
  remark =       "Edsger Dijkstra's name does not appear in this
                 document, but he was a committee member, and
                 subsequently co-wrote the first working ALGOL 60
                 compiler
                 \cite{Dijkstra:1961:AUX,Dijkstra:1962:OEA,KrusemanAretz:2003:DZA}.",
  ZMreviewer =   "S. Gorn",
}

@TechReport{Olson:1960:JIH,
  author =       "W. J. Olson and K. E. Petersen and J. I. Schwartz",
  title =        "{JOVIAL} and its Interpreter, a Higher Level
                 Programming Language and an Interpretive Technique for
                 Checkout",
  type =         "SDC Paper",
  number =       "SP-165",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Paramus, NJ, USA",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:11:42 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Poyen:1960:PLU,
  author =       "J. Poyen and B. Vauquois",
  title =        "{{\`A}} propos d'un langage universel. ({French})
                 [{Suggestions} for a Universal Language]",
  crossref =     "Anonymous:1960:ICI",
  pages =        "132--138",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 05:38:16 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Frech",
}

@Article{Samelson:1960:SFT,
  author =       "K. Samelson and Friedrich L. Bauer",
  title =        "Sequential Formula Translation",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "76--83; addendum, 351",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366959.366968",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "127502; 23\#B548",
  MRreviewer =   "B. A. Galler",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:25 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm3.html#SamelsonB60;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1980.bib",
  ZMID =         "03154227",
  ZMnumber =     "0094.31407",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "numerical analysis",
  oldlabel =     "SamelsonB60",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/SamelsonB60",
  ZMreviewer =   "B. A. Galler",
}

@TechReport{Schwartz:1960:JCC,
  author =       "J. I. Schwartz",
  title =        "{JOVIAL} --- Clarifications and Corrections for
                 {FN-LO-34-2}",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "FN-L0-34-2-51",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Paramus, NJ, USA",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:03:02 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Schwartz:1960:JDL,
  author =       "J. I. Schwartz",
  title =        "{JOVIAL} --- a Description of the Language",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "FN-L0-34-2",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Paramus, NJ, USA",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:03:02 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Shaw:1960:CJG,
  author =       "C. J. Shaw",
  title =        "The Compleat {JOVIAL} Grammar",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "FN-4178",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Santa Monica, CA, USA",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:38:52 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Shaw:1960:CPL,
  author =       "C. J. Shaw",
  title =        "Computers, Programming Languages and {JOVIAL}",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "TM-555, Part 1",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Santa Monica, CA, USA",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:38:52 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Shaw:1960:JLB,
  author =       "C. J. Shaw",
  title =        "The {JOVIAL} Lexicon: a Brief Semantic Description",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "FN-4178, 51",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Santa Monica, CA, USA",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:38:52 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Shaw:1960:JMP,
  author =       "C. J. Shaw",
  title =        "The {JOVIAL} Manual, Part 3, The {JOVIAL} Primer",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "TM-555/003/00",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Santa Monica, CA, USA",
  year =         "1960",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:38:52 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Smith:1960:SSA,
  author =       "Joseph W. Smith",
  title =        "Syntactic and Semantic Augments to {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "211--213",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:26 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm3.html#Smith60;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0101.10408",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  oldlabel =     "Smith60",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Smith60",
  ZBmath =       "3164931",
}

@Article{Stephan:1960:ASA,
  author =       "D. Stephan",
  title =        "{Die Algorithmische Sprache ALGOL 60, an Beispielen
                 erlautert}. ({German}) [{The} algorithmic language
                 {ALGOL 60}, explained with examples]",
  journal =      "{Bl{\"a}tter der Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r
                 Versicherungsmathematik}",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "61--86",
  year =         "1960",
  ISSN =         "0012-0200",
  ISSN-L =       "0012-0200",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 12:57:59 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Bl. Deutsch. Ges. Versicherungsmath.",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Wegstein:1960:AA,
  author =       "J. H. Wegstein",
  title =        "Algorithms: Announcement",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "73--73",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366959.366964",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:25 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "A new editorial department called ``Algorithms'' has
                 been added to the {\em Communications}. This department
                 was established to publish algorithms consisting of
                 ``procedures'' and programs in the {\sc Algol}
                 language. Contributed items may take one of three
                 possible forms: An {\sc Algorithm}, {\sc Certification}
                 of a previously published algorithm, {\sc Remark} on an
                 previously published algorithm. The section will always
                 be headed by a disclaimer and a statement permitting
                 reproduction.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Woodger:1960:IA,
  author =       "M. Woodger",
  title =        "An Introduction to {Algol 60}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "67--75",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1960",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/3.2.67",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:25 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/3/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_03/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/3/2/67.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_03/Issue_02/030067.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_03/Issue_02/tiff/67.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_03/Issue_02/tiff/68.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_03/Issue_02/tiff/69.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_03/Issue_02/tiff/70.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_03/Issue_02/tiff/71.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_03/Issue_02/tiff/72.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_03/Issue_02/tiff/73.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_03/Issue_02/tiff/74.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_03/Issue_02/tiff/75.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1961:APa,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{ALGOL} programming",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "64--64",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01961953",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:06 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=1&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=1&issue=1&spage=64",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1961:APb,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{ALGOL} Programming",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "290--290",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01933246",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:07 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=1&issue=4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=1&issue=4&spage=290",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1961:IAB,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "An introduction to {Algol 60} for the {B 5000
                 information processing system}",
  volume =       "5000-21001-P",
  publisher =    "Burroughs Corporation",
  address =      "Detroit, MI, USA",
  pages =        "31",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1961",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73A24",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:12:51 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Bulletin",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:1961:SIA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "A simple introduction to {Algol} programming for
                 {KDF9}",
  publisher =    "English Electric Company, Data Processing and Control
                 System Division",
  address =      "Stoke on Trent, UK",
  pages =        "111",
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:25:40 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Arden:1961:LEC,
  author =       "Bruce Arden and Bernard A. Galler and Robert M.
                 Graham",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: criticisms of {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "309--309",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:33 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See response \cite{Dijkstra:1961:LED}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Bachelor:1961:LEG,
  author =       "Gilbert A. Bachelor",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: on {Grau}'s recursive
                 processes and on compiling expressions in {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "252--253",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:33 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Bachelor:1961:S,
  author =       "G. A. Bachelor and J. R. H. Dempster and Donald E.
                 Knuth and J. Speroni",
  title =        "{SMALGOL-61}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "499--502",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366813.366843",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:35 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Backus:1961:ARA,
  author =       "J. W. Backus and F. L. Bauer and J. Green and C. Katz
                 and J. McCarthy and P. Naur and A. J. Perlis and H.
                 Rutishauser and J. H. Wegstein and A. van Wijngaarden
                 and M. Woodger",
  title =        "Appendix: Report on the algorithmic language {ALGOL
                 60}",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "351--390",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0066-4138(61)80016-5",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545x (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 5 07:43:15 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Peter Naur (25 October 1928--3 January
                 2016)",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Article{Backus:1961:RAL,
  author =       "J. W. Backus and F. L. Bauer and J. Green and C. Katz
                 and J. McCarthy and P. Naur and A. J. Perlis and H.
                 Rutishauser and J. H. Wegstein and A. van Wijngaarden
                 and M. Woodger",
  title =        "Report on the algorithmic language {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      "Acta Polytechnica Scandinavica. Mathematics and
                 Computing Series",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "1--39",
  year =         "1961 (??)",
  ISSN =         "1456-9418",
  ISSN-L =       "1456-9418",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:47:32 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://web.archive.org/web/20191029151524id_/http://web.eah-jena.de/~kleine/history/languages/Algol60-Naur.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-pm,
  ajournal =     "Acta polytech. Scand., MA Math. comput. ser.",
  author-dates = "Adriaan ``Aad'' van Wijngaarden (2 November 1916--7
                 February 1987); Alan Jay Perlis (1 April 1922--7
                 February 1990); Bernard Vauquois (14 June 1929--30
                 September 1985); Charles Abraham Katz (7 July 1927--9
                 May 1974); Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June
                 1924--26 March 2015); Heinz Rutishauser (30 January
                 1918--10 November 1970); John McCarthy (4 September
                 1927--24 October 2011); John Warner Backus (3 December
                 1924--17 March 2007); Joseph Henry Wegstein (7 April
                 1922--16 August 1985); Julien Green (????--????); Klaus
                 Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May-1980); Michael
                 Woodger (28 March 1923--14 July 2025); Peter Naur (25
                 October 1928--3 January 2016)",
  remark =       "Is there an online archive of this journal?? It may
                 have ceased publication in 2002 (US Library of Congress
                 record).",
}

@Article{Batchelder:1961:CBM,
  author =       "B. A. Batchelder",
  title =        "{CAIN}---a bombing mission planning tool",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "139--140",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Baumann:1961:PEI,
  author =       "R. Baumann and M. Paul",
  title =        "{Praktische Erfahrungen im ALGOL-Betrieb}. ({German})
                 [{Practical} experience in {ALGOL} operations]",
  journal =      j-ELEKTRON-DATENVERARB,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "51--56",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1961",
  ISSN =         "0374-3012",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 17:08:09 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "{Elektron. Datenverarb.}",
  fjournal =     "{Elektronische Datenverarbeitung}",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Bemer:1961:LER,
  author =       "R. W. Bemer",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: Re: {Ren{\'e} De La
                 Briandais}' Letter on {FORTRAN}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "A12--A13",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{DeLaBriandais:1961:LEO}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Bemer:1961:SMP,
  author =       "R. W. Bemer",
  title =        "Survey of Modern Programming Techniques",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-BULL,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "127--135",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "COBUAH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/combul/3.4.127",
  ISSN =         "1746-5710",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4531",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 06:19:01 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Bulletin",
  remark =       "The author in a later paper \cite[page
                 191]{Bemer:1969:PSH} reports that in this 1961 paper,
                 he described a translator of Fortran to Algol that he
                 wrote to encourage language migration.",
}

@TechReport{Bockhorst:1961:JI,
  author =       "J. Bockhorst",
  title =        "{JOVIAL I/O} ([{IBM}] 7090)",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "FN-L0-34-3, S1",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Paramus, NJ, USA",
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:03:02 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Borsch-Supan:1961:RFO,
  author =       "W. B{\"o}rsch-Supan",
  title =        "Remark: {On} frequently occurring errors in {Algol-60}
                 programs",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "181--181",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:32 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Bottenbruch:1961:UMT,
  author =       "H. Bottenbruch",
  title =        "Use of magnetic tape for data storage in the
                 {ORACLE--ALGOL} translator",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "15--19",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:30 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Bratman:1961:AC,
  author =       "Harvey Bratman",
  title =        "Automatic coding",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "140--140",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Bratman:1961:AFU,
  author =       "Harvey Bratman",
  title =        "An alternate form of the ``{UNCOL} diagram''",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "142--142",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Brons:1961:ATa,
  author =       "K. A. Brons",
  title =        "{Algorithm 37}: {Telescope} 1",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "151--151",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Brons:1961:ATb,
  author =       "K. A. Brons",
  title =        "{Algorithm 38}: {Telescope} 2",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "151--152",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Clark:1961:MC,
  author =       "Charles E. Clark",
  title =        "{Monte Carlo}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "141--141",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Collinge:1961:RAR,
  author =       "Robert M. Collinge",
  title =        "Remark on {Algorithm 25}: {Real} zeros of an arbitrary
                 function",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "154--154",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Conway:1961:LEA,
  author =       "Melvin E. Conway",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: {ALGOL 60} comment",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "465--465",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:35 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{DeLaBriandais:1961:LEO,
  author =       "Rene {De La Briandais}",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: an open letter to {Bob
                 Bemer}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "A12--A12",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See response \cite{Bemer:1961:LER}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{DesJardins:1961:LEW,
  author =       "Paul E. {Des Jardins}",
  title =        "Letters to the {Editor}: Word inversion",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "A13--A13",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@TechReport{Dijkstra:1961:ATA,
  author =       "Edsger W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "{Algol 60} translation: an {Algol 60} translator for
                 the {x1} and {Making} a translator for {Algol 60}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "35",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 16 08:14:00 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/MCReps/MR35.PDF",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  filesize =     "1032 KB",
  oldlabel =     "EWD:MR35",
}

@Article{Dijkstra:1961:AUX,
  author =       "E. W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "{Ein ALGOL-60-{\"U}bersetzer f{\"u}r die X 1. II}.
                 ({German}) [An {ALGOL-60} translator for the {X 1}.
                 {II}]",
  journal =      "Math.-Tech.-Wirtschaft",
  volume =       "8",
  pages =        "115--119",
  year =         "1961",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "0130075 (23 \#B3108)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 12 07:01:09 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  language =     "German",
}

@TechReport{Dijkstra:1961:DMI,
  author =       "E. W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "On the Design of Machine Independent Programming
                 Languages",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "MR 34",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 08 06:33:31 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dijkstra:1961:LED,
  author =       "E. W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: Defense of {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "502--503",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366813.366844",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:35 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "Response to \cite{Arden:1961:LEC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Dobrusky:1961:UCO,
  author =       "W. B. Dobrusky and T. B. Steel",
  title =        "Universal computer-oriented language",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "138--138",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Duncan:1961:LEC,
  author =       "F. G. Duncan",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: On the calculation of
                 interest",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "A13--A13",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Ershov:1961:BPD,
  author =       "A. P. Ershov",
  title =        "The Basic Principles of the Development of the
                 Programming Program of the {Institute of Mathematics of
                 the U.S.S.R. A.S.}",
  journal =      "Siberian Mathematical Magazine",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:06:31 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Evans:1961:UTL,
  author =       "A. {Evans, Jr.} and A. J. Perlis and H. {Van Zoeren}",
  title =        "The use of threaded lists in constructing a combined
                 {ALGOL} and machine-like assembly processor",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "36--41",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:30 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Floyd:1961:DLS,
  author =       "Robert W. Floyd",
  title =        "A Descriptive Language for Symbol Manipulation",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "579--584",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411 (print), 1557-735X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 05 20:11:21 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jacm.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Assoc. Comput. Mach.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/jacm",
}

@Article{Gianni:1961:AT,
  author =       "A. J. Gianni",
  title =        "{Algorithm 36}: {Tchebycheff}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "151--151",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@TechReport{Gibb:1961:APRa,
  author =       "A. Gibb",
  title =        "{Algol} Procedures for Range Arithmetic",
  volume =       "15",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Applied Mathematics and Statistics Laboratories,
                 Stanford University",
  address =      "Stanford, California",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@Article{Goldfinger:1961:POP,
  author =       "Roy Goldfinger",
  title =        "Problem-oriented programming language structure",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "138--138",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Gorn:1961:SBT,
  author =       "Saul Gorn",
  title =        "Some basic terminology connected with mechanical
                 languages and their processors: a tentative base
                 terminology presented to {ASA x3.4} as a proposal for
                 subsequent inclusion in a glossary",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "336--339",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:34 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Gorn:1961:SLM,
  author =       "Saul Gorn",
  title =        "Specification languages for mechanical languages and
                 their processors a baker's dozen: a set of examples
                 presented to {ASA x3.4} subcommittee",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "532--542",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:36 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Grau:1961:RPA,
  author =       "A. A. Grau",
  title =        "Recursive processes and {ALGOL} translation",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10--15",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366062.366074",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:30 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0107.34104",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  ZBmath =       "3175585",
}

@TechReport{Grau:1961:SAT,
  author =       "A. A. Grau and P. Naur",
  title =        "The Structure of an {ALGOL} Translator",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "ORNL-3054",
  institution =  "Oak Ridge National Laboratory",
  address =      "Oak Ridge, TN, USA",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 16:56:35 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Herndon:1961:ABF,
  author =       "John R. Herndon",
  title =        "{Algorithm 57}: {Ber} or {Bei} Function",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "181--181",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/355578.366476",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:32 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "bei functions; ber functions; special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: 20-line Algol procedure that only sums
                 series.",
}

@Article{Hormann:1961:CLH,
  author =       "Aiko Hormann",
  title =        "Computer languages for heuristic processes",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "138--138",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Huskey:1961:BCA,
  author =       "H. D. Huskey and W. H. Wattenburg",
  title =        "A basic compiler for arithmetic expressions",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--9",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:30 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Huskey:1961:CTB,
  author =       "H. D. Huskey and W. H. Wattenburg",
  title =        "Compiling techniques for {Boolean} expressions and
                 conditional statements in {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "70--75",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366062.366098",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "23\#B549",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:30 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0102.34109",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  ZBmath =       "3167411",
  ZMreviewer =   "B. A. Galler",
}

@Article{Huskey:1961:PAb,
  author =       "Harry D. Huskey",
  title =        "From the {President of ACM}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "136--136",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Ingerman:1961:TWC,
  author =       "P. Z. Ingerman",
  title =        "Thunks: a way of compiling procedure statements with
                 some comments on procedure declarations",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "55--58",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 05:57:44 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Irons:1961:CIR,
  author =       "E. T. Irons and W. Feurzeig",
  title =        "Comments on the implementation of recursive procedures
                 and blocks in {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "65--69",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366062.366090",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:30 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0098.10211",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  ZBmath =       "3159809",
}

@Article{Irons:1961:SDC,
  author =       "Edgar T. Irons",
  title =        "A Syntax Directed Compiler for {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "51--55",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:30 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/AG.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm4.html#Irons61;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Commun. ACM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "applic.MC",
  oldlabel =     "Irons61",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Irons61",
}

@Article{Jensen:1961:IAPb,
  author =       "J. Jensen and P. Naur",
  title =        "An Implementation of {ALGOL 60} Procedures",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "38--47",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01961950",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:06 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=1&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=1&issue=1&spage=38",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Manual{Jensen:1961:MDA,
  author =       "J. Jensen and T. Jensen and P. Mondrup and P. Naur",
  title =        "A Manual of the {DASK ALGOL}",
  organization = "Regnecentralen",
  address =      "Copenhagen, Denmark",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 13:13:09 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Jensen:1961:SAS,
  author =       "J. Jensen and P. Mondrup and P. Naur",
  title =        "A storage allocation scheme for {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "441--445",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:35 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Knuth:1961:AC,
  author =       "Donald E. Knuth and Jack N. Merner",
  title =        "{ALGOL 60} Confidential",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "268--272",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366573.366599",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 26 11:04:32 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Naur:1963:CAC}.",
  abstract =     "The ALGOL 60 Report,* when first encountered, seems to
                 describe a very complex language which will be
                 difficult to learn. The ``metalinguistic formulae''
                 admirably serve the purpose of precisely specifying a
                 language, but they are certainly not very readable for
                 a beginner. However, experience has shown that once the
                 report is explained it is in fact easy to learn ALGOL
                 and to write algorithms in it. The language is so
                 general and powerful it can handle an enormous class of
                 problems. It is not hard to learn those parts of ALGOL
                 present in other compiler languages: how to write
                 assignment and go to and for statements, etc. Indeed, a
                 lot of the unnecessary restrictions imposed by other
                 compiling languages have finally been lifted. But ALGOL
                 also allows many unobvious things to be written, as we
                 will see later, and herein lies a problem: ALGOL seems
                 to have become too general. So many restrictions have
                 been lifted that a lot of technical details crop up
                 which are hard to learn and to use correctly. In this
                 paper some of the more obscure features of the language
                 are considered and their usefulness is discussed.
                 Remarks are based on the authors' interpretations of
                 the ALGOL 60 Report.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  subject-dates = "Peter Naur (25 October 1928--3 January 2016)",
}

@TechReport{Kudielka:1961:EAL,
  author =       "V. Kudielka and others",
  title =        "Extension of the Algorithmic Language {ALGOL}",
  type =         "U.S. Government Report",
  number =       "DA-91-591-EUC 1430",
  institution =  "Mail{\"u}fterl",
  address =      "Vienna, Austria",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:03:23 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Leavenworth:1961:ACP,
  author =       "B. Leavenworth",
  title =        "{Algorithm 40}: {Critical} path scheduling",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "152--153",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Levine:1961:LSC,
  author =       "Syndey P. Levine",
  title =        "Logical structure of compilers",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "139--139",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@TechReport{Lucas:1961:SFG,
  author =       "P. Lucas",
  title =        "{Die Strukturanalyse von Formel{\"u}bersetzern}.
                 ({German}) [{The} structural analysis of formula
                 translators]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Mail{\"u}fterl",
  address =      "Vienna, Austria",
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:03:23 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Book{Naur:1961:CAP,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "A course of {ALGOL 60} programming with special
                 reference to the {DASK ALGOL} system",
  publisher =    "Regnecentralen",
  address =      "Copenhagen, Denmark",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "38",
  year =         "1961",
  LCCN =         "????",
  MRclass =      "68N15",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:05 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "mathematics",
}

@Article{Piper:1961:LER,
  author =       "C. A. Piper",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: Round-off",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "A13--A13",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic; rounding errors",
}

@Article{Rader:1961:CAB,
  author =       "Patty Jane Rader",
  title =        "Certification of {Algorithm 4}: {Bisection} routine",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "153--153",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Ross:1961:GTS,
  author =       "Douglas T. Ross",
  title =        "A generalized technique for symbol manipulation and
                 numerical calculation",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "147--150",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "25\#1073",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  ZMreviewer =   "S. Gorn",
}

@Article{Rutishauser:1961:IAP,
  author =       "H. Rutishauser",
  title =        "Interference with an {ALGOL}-procedure",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "67--75",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "ARAPDX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0066-4138(61)80004-9",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 25 07:47:56 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  author-dates = "Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10 November
                 1970)",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Article{Sanders:1961:LEN,
  author =       "Norman Sanders",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: {Northwest Computing
                 Association}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "A13--A13",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Sassouni:1961:ACC,
  author =       "Papken Sassouni",
  title =        "{Algorithm 39}: {Correlation} coefficients with matrix
                 multiplication",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "152--152",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Sattley:1961:ASA,
  author =       "Kirk Sattley",
  title =        "Allocation of storage for arrays in {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "60--65",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:30 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@TechReport{Schwartz:1961:JJL,
  author =       "J. I. Schwartz and H. L. Howell",
  title =        "The {JOVIAL (J-2)} Language for the [{IBM}] 7090
                 Computer",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "FN-6223/100/00",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Santa Monica, CA, USA",
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:37:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Simmons:1961:S,
  author =       "R. F. Simmons",
  title =        "Synthex",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "140--140",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Strachey:1961:BO,
  author =       "C. Strachey",
  title =        "Bitwise operations",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "146--146",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@TechReport{Strachey:1961:SPIa,
  author =       "Christopher Strachey and Maurce V. Wilkes",
  title =        "Some proposals for improving the efficiency of {ALGOL
                 60}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "61/5",
  institution =  "Cambridge University",
  address =      "Cambridge, UK",
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 08 06:31:38 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wilkes-maurice-v.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Strachey:1961:SPIb,
  author =       "Christopher Strachey and Maurce V. Wilkes",
  title =        "Some proposals for improving the efficiency of {ALGOL
                 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "488--491",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366813.366816",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:35 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wilkes-maurice-v.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0103.35102",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Sir Maurice Vincent Wilkes (26 June 1913--29 November
                 2010)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  RSBM-number =  "58",
  ZBmath =       "3169010",
}

@Article{Swets:1961:SLA,
  author =       "John A. Swets",
  title =        "Sound learning: an application of a computer to
                 automated teaching",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "139--139",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Taylor:1961:SCA,
  author =       "Warren Taylor and Lloyd Turner and Richard Waychoff",
  title =        "A syntactical chart of {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "393--393",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:34 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Thacher:1961:RAC,
  author =       "Henry C. {Thacher, Jr.}",
  title =        "Remark on {Algorithm 16}: {CROUT} with pivoting",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "154--154",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Traub:1961:CIM,
  author =       "J. F. Traub",
  title =        "Comparison of iterative methods for the calculation of
                 $n$-th roots",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "143--145",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  MRclass =      "65.50",
  MRnumber =     "26\#2003",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "Three iterative methods for calculation of nth roots
                 (including one proposed by the author) are compared in
                 two ways: (1) Theoretical convergence estimates are
                 given. (2) A new macrocompiler which estimates machine
                 running time is used to compare the running time of the
                 three methods for a variety of input data.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "$\sqrt[n](x)$; elementary functions",
  ZMreviewer =   "H. S. Wall",
}

@Article{Turnep:1961:LEA,
  author =       "Lloyd D. Turnep and David Dahm and Warren Taylor and
                 Richard E. Waychoff",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: {ALGOL 60} reply",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "365--365",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:34 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@InProceedings{Warshall:1961:SDG,
  author =       "S. Warshall",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the {1961 Eastern Joint Computer
                 Conference, Washington, DC}",
  title =        "A syntax directed generator",
  publisher =    pub-AFIPS,
  address =      pub-AFIPS:adr,
  pages =        "295--305",
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 15:57:53 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "AFIPS Publication 20.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wegstein:1961:ACP,
  author =       "J. H. Wegstein",
  title =        "{ALGOL}: a critical profile. {The} {RAND Symposium},
                 part two",
  journal =      j-DATAMATION,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "41--45",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "DTMNAT",
  ISSN =         "0011-6963",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 07:12:36 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Datamation",
}

@Article{Weinberg:1961:LEA,
  author =       "G. M. Weinberg",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: {ALGOL}: pleasure through
                 pain",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "252--252",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:33 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@TechReport{Wilkerson:1961:JUM,
  author =       "M. Wilkerson",
  title =        "{JOVIAL} User's Manual: {JOVIAL} Language
                 Specifications for [{IBM}] 7090 and {MC} Compilers",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "FN-L0-34-3",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Paramus, NJ, USA",
  year =         "1961",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:38:52 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wilkinson:1961:RA,
  author =       "J. H. Wilkinson",
  title =        "Remarks on {Algorithms 2 and 3}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "153--153",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Wood:1961:AS,
  author =       "T. C. Wood",
  title =        "{Algorithm 35}: {SIEVE}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "151--151",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1961",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:31 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Andersen:1962:APC,
  author =       "Christian Andersen",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Contribution no. 4: Solution of
                 Linear Equations",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "256--257",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01940172",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:07 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=2&issue=4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  note =         "See remark \cite{Bohman:1963:APR}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=2&issue=4&spage=256",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1962:APC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Contribution no. 3: Calculation
                 of complementary {Fresnel} integrals",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "192--194",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01957332",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:07 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=2&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=2&issue=3&spage=192",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1962:EAP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "The {Elliott 803 Algol} programming system:
                 programmer's guide",
  volume =       "CS 133",
  publisher =    "Elliott Brothers",
  address =      "Borehamwood, UK",
  pages =        "30",
  year =         "1962",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:12 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Elliott Computing Division",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InBook{Backus:1962:RAL,
  author =       "John W. Backus and F. L. Bauer and J. Green and C.
                 Katz and J. McCarthy and P. {Naur (Editor)} and A. J.
                 Perlis and H. Rutishauser and K. Samelson and B.
                 Vauquois and J. H. Wegstein and A. van Wijngaarden and
                 M. Woodger",
  title =        "Appendix: Report on the algorithmic language {ALGOL
                 60}",
  crossref =     "Dijkstra:1962:PAR",
  pages =        "74--114",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 13 14:12:49 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-pm,
  author-dates = "Adriaan ``Aad'' van Wijngaarden (2 November 1916--7
                 February 1987); Alan Jay Perlis (1 April 1922--7
                 February 1990); Bernard Vauquois (14 June 1929--30
                 September 1985); Charles Abraham Katz (7 July 1927--9
                 May 1974); Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June
                 1924--26 March 2015); Heinz Rutishauser (30 January
                 1918--10 November 1970); John McCarthy (4 September
                 1927--24 October 2011); John Warner Backus (3 December
                 1924--17 March 2007); Joseph Henry Wegstein (7 April
                 1922--16 August 1985); Julien Green (????--????); Klaus
                 Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May-1980); Michael
                 Woodger (28 March 1923--14 July 2025); Peter Naur (25
                 October 1928--3 January 2016)",
}

@TechReport{Balke:1962:CACa,
  author =       "K. G. Balke and G. L. Carter",
  title =        "The {COLASL} Automatic Coding Language",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "LADC-5173",
  institution =  "Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory",
  address =      "Los Alamos, NM, USA",
  day =          "19",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 09:24:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1571135650716664576;
                 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4776020",
  abstract =     "Development and functions of the COLASL system are
                 described. This system is used to generate codes for
                 the IBM-7030 (STRETCH) computer. lncluded are details
                 of the input hardware and a description of the COLASL
                 language. A sketch concerning features of the COLASL
                 translator is also included. (J.R.D.)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Balke:1962:CACb,
  author =       "K. G. Balke and G. L. Carter",
  title =        "The {COLASL} Automatic Coding Language",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "501--537",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{Bauer:1962:ACM,
  author =       "F. L. Bauer and K. Samelson",
  title =        "Automatic Computing Machines and Method of Operation",
  howpublished = "US Patent 3,047,228.",
  day =          "31",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Sun Aug 23 09:50:44 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "This is the US patent award for the ``stack'' in
                 computers. US Patent Application filed 28 March 1958.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980)",
}

@InCollection{Bauer:1962:MVP,
  author =       "F. L. Bauer and K. Samelson",
  title =        "{Maschinelle Verarbeitung von Programmiersprachen}.
                 ({German}) [{Machine} processing of programming
                 languages]",
  crossref =     "Hoffmann:1962:DIP",
  pages =        "227--268",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 22 16:56:54 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980)",
  language =     "German",
}

@InProceedings{Bosset:1962:MLD,
  author =       "L. Bosset",
  title =        "{MAGE}, A Language Derived from {ALGOL} Adapted to
                 Small Machines",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "473--481",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bottenbruch:1962:SUA,
  author =       "H. Bottenbruch",
  title =        "Structure and Use of {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "161--221",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/321119.321120",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411 (print), 1557-735X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 05 20:05:52 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jacm.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0109.35201",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Assoc. Comput. Mach.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/jacm",
  ZBmath =       "3179018",
}

@Article{Christiansen:1962:APC,
  author =       "S{\o}ren Christiansen",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Contribution no. 3: Calculation
                 of complementary {Fresnel} integrals",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "192--194",
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 16 14:34:20 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
  remark =       "Fullerton: A 50-line Algol procedure is given. It
                 calculates $ \int_x^\infty \cos (t) / \sqrt {2 \pi t}
                 \, d t $ and $ \int_x^\infty \sin (t) / \sqrt {2 \pi t}
                 \, d t $.",
}

@InProceedings{Culik:1962:FSA,
  author =       "Karel {\v{C}}ulik",
  title =        "Formal structure of {ALGOL} and simplification of its
                 description",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "75--82",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 16:51:45 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0137.34603",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ZBmath =       "3223205",
}

@Article{Cundiff:1962:AEA,
  author =       "John L. Cundiff",
  title =        "{Algorithm 88}: {Evaluation} of Asymptotic Expression
                 for the {Fresnel} Sine and Cosine Integrals",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "280--280",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:38 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "C(x); S(x); special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Can be used with algorithms 89 and 90.
                 30-line Algol procedure.",
}

@Article{Cundiff:1962:AEFa,
  author =       "John L. Cundiff",
  title =        "{Algorithm 89}: {Evaluation} of the {Fresnel} Sine
                 Integral",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "280--280",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:38 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "S(x); special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: 20-line Algol procedure that must be used
                 with algorithm 88.",
}

@Article{Cundiff:1962:AEFb,
  author =       "John L. Cundiff",
  title =        "{Algorithm 90}: {Evaluation} of the {Fresnel} Cosine
                 Integral",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "281--281",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:38 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "C(x); special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: 20-line Algol procedure that must be used
                 with algorithm 88.",
}

@Article{Dahl:1962:LOS,
  author =       "Ole-Johan Dahl",
  title =        "Litt om symbolbruken i {Algol}. ({Norwegian}) {[A
                 little about symbol use in Algol]}",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--8",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02024776",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:07 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=2&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=2&issue=1&spage=7",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
  language =     "Norwegian",
  xxtitle =      "Litt om symbolbruken i {ALGOL}",
}

@Article{Dahlstrand:1962:HYE,
  author =       "Ingemar Dahlstrand",
  title =        "A Half Year's Experience with the {Facit-Algol 1}
                 Compiler",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "137--142",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01957328",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:07 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=2&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=2&issue=3&spage=137",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Book{DeMaine:1962:DCP,
  author =       "Paul A. D. {De Maine} and Robert D. Seawright",
  title =        "Digital computer programs for physical chemistry
                 {ALGOL 60} translations of the {FORTRAN} programs",
  publisher =    pub-MACMILLAN,
  address =      pub-MACMILLAN:adr,
  pages =        "2 v",
  year =         "1962",
  LCCN =         "QD453 .D42",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Vol. 2 has subtitle: ALGOL 60 translations of the
                 FORTRAN and FOR-TO-GO programs by Robert D.
                 Seawright.",
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); Electronic data
                 processing --- Chemistry, Physical and; FORTRAN
                 (Computer program language); theoretical.",
}

@TechReport{Dijkstra:1962:AUCa,
  author =       "Edsger W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "An Attempt to Unify the Constituent Concepts of Serial
                 Program Execution",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "MR 46",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "19",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 16 08:14:00 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/MCReps/MR46.PDF",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  filesize =     "509 KB",
  oldlabel =     "EWD:MR46",
}

@InProceedings{Dijkstra:1962:AUCb,
  author =       "E. W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "An Attempt to Unify the Constituent Concepts of Serial
                 Program Execution",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "237--??",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dijkstra:1962:OEA,
  author =       "E. W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "Operating experience with {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "125--127",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/5.2.125",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:55:38 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/2/125.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_02/050125.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_02/tiff/125.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_02/tiff/126.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_02/tiff/127.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@InProceedings{Dolotta:1962:MEP,
  author =       "T. A. Dolotta",
  title =        "A Method of Editing a Program in Symbolic Language",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "341--??",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Dreyfus:1962:GPD,
  author =       "P. Dreyfus",
  title =        "General Panel Discussion. Are Extensions to {ALGOL 60}
                 necessary and if so What Ones?",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "811--832",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 05:42:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Duncan:1962:EIA,
  author =       "F. G. Duncan",
  title =        "Errata: {``Implementation of ALGOL 60 for the English
                 Electric KDF9''}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "176--176",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/5.3.176",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:55:40 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Duncan:1962:IAE}.",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_03/tiff/176.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Duncan:1962:IAE,
  author =       "F. G. Duncan",
  title =        "Implementation of {Algol 60} for the {English Electric
                 KDF9}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "130--131",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/5.2.130",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  note =         "See errata \cite{Duncan:1962:EIA}.",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/2/130.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_02/050130.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_02/tiff/130.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_02/tiff/131.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  xxpages =      "130--132",
}

@Article{Floyd:1962:APS,
  author =       "Robert W. Floyd",
  title =        "On ambiguity in phrase structure languages",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "526--526",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:41 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Robert W. Floyd (8 June 1936--25 September 2001)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Floyd:1962:NPS,
  author =       "Robert W. Floyd",
  title =        "On the nonexistence of a phrase structure grammar for
                 {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "483--484",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:41 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Robert W. Floyd (8 June 1936--25 September 2001)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@TechReport{Floyd:1962:SAO,
  author =       "Robert W. Floyd",
  title =        "On Syntactic Analysis and Operator Precedence",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "CA-62-2",
  institution =  "Computer Associates, Inc.",
  address =      "Woburn, MA, USA",
  pages =        "31",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 10:37:25 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://archives.stanford.edu/catalog/sc0625_aspace_ref138_9bj",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Listed in Stanford Floyd archive, but not available
                 electronically. Published in \cite{Floyd:1963:SAO}.",
}

@Article{Forsythe:1962:VDA,
  author =       "G. E. Forsythe and J. {von der Groeben} and J. G.
                 Toole",
  title =        "Vectorcardiographic diagnosis with the aid of
                 {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "118--122",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366792.366840",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:37 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/forsythe-george-elmer.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Elmer Forsythe (8 January 1917--9 April 1972)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Book{Galler:1962:LC,
  author =       "Bernard A. Galler",
  title =        "The Language of Computers",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "244",
  year =         "1962",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .G3",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:57:35 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "MAD",
}

@Article{Genuys:1962:CLA,
  author =       "F. Genuys",
  title =        "Commentaire sur le langage {Algol}. ({French})
                 [{Commentary} on the {Algol} language]",
  journal =      "Chiffres: Revue de {l'Association Fran{\c{c}}aise de
                 Calcul}",
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "19--53",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 09:43:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Ginsburg:1962:TFL,
  author =       "Seymour Ginsburg and H. Gordon Rice",
  title =        "Two Families of Languages Related to {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "350--371",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411 (print), 1557-735X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 05 20:09:31 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jacm.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Assoc. Comput. Mach.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/jacm",
}

@Article{Gorn:1962:TML,
  author =       "Saul Gorn",
  title =        "Theory of mechanical languages",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "62--62",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:36 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@InProceedings{Grasselli:1962:VMD,
  author =       "A. Grasselli and E. J. Cluskey",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{2e Congr{\`e}s AFCAL, octobre 1961}",
  title =        "Une version modifi{\'e}e d'{Algol 60} pour la
                 programmation logique. ({French}) [{A} modified version
                 of {Algol 60} for logic programming]",
  publisher =    pub-GAUTHIER-VILLARS,
  address =      pub-GAUTHIER-VILLARS:adr,
  pages =        "355--364",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 09:46:30 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Grau:1962:FNR,
  author =       "A. A. Grau",
  title =        "On a floating-point number representation for use with
                 algorithmic languages",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "160--161",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "26\#4506",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 8 08:24:14 1995",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  abstract =     "Algorithmic languages, such as ALGOL, make provision
                 for two types of numbers, real and integer, which are
                 usually implemented on the computer by means of
                 floating-point and fixed-point numbers respectively.
                 The concepts real and integer, however, are taken from
                 mathematics, where the set of integers forms a proper
                 subset of the set of real numbers. In implementation a
                 real problem is posed by the fact that the set of
                 fixed-point numbers is not a proper subset of the set
                 of floating-point numbers; this problem becomes very
                 apparent in attempts to implement ALGOL 60.
                 Furthermore, the {\em one\/} mathematical operation of
                 addition is implemented in the machine by one of {\em
                 two\/} machine operations, fixed-point addition or
                 floating-point addition.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  reviewer =     "R. L. Ashenhurst",
}

@Book{Halstead:1962:MIC,
  author =       "Maurice H. Halstead",
  title =        "Machine Independent Computer Programming",
  publisher =    "Spartan Books",
  address =      "Washington, DC, USA",
  pages =        "267",
  year =         "1962",
  ISBN =         "0-598-41477-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-598-41477-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .H35",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:56:07 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "NELIAC (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{Hamblin:1962:TPN,
  author =       "C. L. Hamblin",
  title =        "Translation to and from {Polish} Notation",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "210--213",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/5.3.210",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/3.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/3/210.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_03/050210.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_03/tiff/210.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_03/tiff/211.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_03/tiff/212.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_03/tiff/213.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  remark =       "Referenced in \cite{Naur:1963:DGAb}.",
}

@Book{Heinhold:1962:FPW,
  author =       "J. Heinhold and F. L. Bauer",
  title =        "{Fachbegriffe der Programmierungstechnik.
                 W{\"o}rterverzeichnis f{\"u}r die Programmierung von
                 Digital-Rechenanlagen mit Stichworten in f{\"u}nf
                 Sprachen. 2. verbess. und durch ein
                 ALGOL-W{\"o}rterbuch erweiterte Auflage}. ({German})
                 [{Technical} terms of programming technology. {List} of
                 words for programming digital computers with key words
                 in five languages. {Second} improved and extended
                 edition with an {ALGOL} dictionary]",
  publisher =    pub-OLDENBOURG,
  address =      pub-OLDENBOURG:adr,
  pages =        "52",
  year =         "1962",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .G4 1962",
  MRclass =      "00A20",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 21 15:10:11 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMID =         "03179829",
  ZMnumber =     "0111.13303",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015)",
  keywords =     "numerical analysis",
  language =     "German",
}

@InProceedings{Hill:1962:EHS,
  author =       "Ursula Hill and Hans Langmaack and Hans Rudolf Schwarz
                 and Gerhard Seegm{\"u}ller",
  title =        "Efficient Handling of Subscripted Variables in {ALGOL
                 60} Compilers",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "331--340",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hoare:1962:REA,
  author =       "C. A. R. Hoare",
  title =        "Report on the {Elliott Algol} Translator",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "127--129",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/5.2.127",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hoare-c-a-r.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/2/127.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_02/050127.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_02/tiff/127.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_02/tiff/128.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_02/tiff/129.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Antony Richard Hoare (11 January 1934--5 March
                 2026)",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Hockney:1962:AAE,
  author =       "R. W. Hockney",
  title =        "{ABS12 ALGOL}: an extension to {Algol 60} for
                 industrial use",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "292--300",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/4.4.292",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:27 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/4/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_04/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/4/4/292.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_04/Issue_04/040292.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_04/Issue_04/tiff/292.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_04/Issue_04/tiff/293.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_04/Issue_04/tiff/294.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_04/Issue_04/tiff/295.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_04/Issue_04/tiff/296.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_04/Issue_04/tiff/297.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_04/Issue_04/tiff/298.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_04/Issue_04/tiff/299.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_04/Issue_04/tiff/300.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@InProceedings{Huskey:1962:MIC,
  author =       "Harry D. Huskey",
  title =        "Machine Independence in Compiling",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "219--228",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://softwarepreservation.computerhistory.org/ALGOL/paper/Huskey-Machine_Independence_in_Compiling-1962.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Ingerman:1962:TTL,
  author =       "P. Z. Ingerman",
  title =        "A Translation Technique for Languages Whose Syntax is
                 Expressible in {Backus Normal Form}",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "23--??",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Katz:1962:GGC,
  author =       "C. Katz",
  title =        "{GECOM}, the General Compiler",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "495--500",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://history.computer.org/pioneers/katz.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Kennedy:1962:SAJ,
  author =       "P. R. Kennedy",
  title =        "A Simplified Approach to {JOVIAL}",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "TM-555/063/00",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Santa Monica, CA, USA",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:10:11 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Kiyono:1962:CAS,
  author =       "T. Kiyono and Makoto Nagao",
  title =        "Comments on the {ALGOL} system for the small and
                 medium size computers",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "253--262",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 16:51:45 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0133.39701",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ZBmath =       "3216684",
}

@Article{Knuth:1962:BL,
  author =       "Donald E. Knuth and Saul Gorn",
  title =        "Letters to the {Editor}: {Backus}' language",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "185--185",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366920.366925",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:38 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Gorn:1961:SLM}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Ledley:1962:APL,
  author =       "Robert S. Ledley and James B. Wilson",
  title =        "Automatic-programming-language translation through
                 syntactical analysis",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "145--155",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "27\#1322",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:37 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  ZMreviewer =   "W. D. Foust",
}

@InProceedings{Mazurkiewicz:1962:CIU,
  author =       "A. Mazurkiewicz",
  title =        "Compiler-Interpreter for Using in Numerical Oriented
                 Languages Translation",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "539--??",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{McCracken:1962:GAP,
  author =       "Daniel D. (Daniel Delbert) McCracken",
  title =        "A Guide to {ALGOL} Programming",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 106",
  year =         "1962",
  ISBN =         "0-471-58234-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-58234-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .M186",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:54:54 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1930--",
  tableofcontents = "Computers, algorithms, and ALGOL \\
                 Numbers, variables and expression \\
                 Program organization, if-statements, and Boolean
                 variables \\
                 The for-statement \\
                 Subscripted variables \\
                 Switches and blocks \\
                 Procedures \\
                 Input and output",
}

@Article{McCracken:1962:NHA,
  author =       "Daniel D. (Daniel Delbert) McCracken",
  title =        "A New Home for {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-DATAMATION,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "44--46",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "DTMNAT",
  ISSN =         "0011-6963",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 06:37:43 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Datamation",
}

@InProceedings{Moriguti:1962:FSI,
  author =       "S. Moriguti",
  title =        "A family of symbolic input languages and an {ALGOL}
                 compiler",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "421--437",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 16:56:11 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0133.39707",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ZBmath =       "3216690",
}

@Book{Naur:1962:BAS,
  author =       "Peter Naur and J. W. Backus and F. L. Bauer and J.
                 Green and C. Katz and J. McCarthy and A. J. Perlis and
                 S. Ruti shauser and K. Samelson and B. Vauquois and J.
                 H. Wegstein and A. van Wijngaarden and M. Woodger",
  title =        "{Bericht {\"u}ber die algorithmische Sprache ALGOL
                 60}. ({German}) [{Report} on the {ALGOL 60} language]",
  publisher =    pub-AKADEMIE-VERLAG,
  address =      pub-AKADEMIE-VERLAG:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 49",
  year =         "1962",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .N3515",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 21 15:10:11 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Zur Erinnerung an William Turanski (In memory of
                 William Turanski).",
  series =       "Elektronisches Rechnen und Regeln. Sonderband 1",
  URL =          "https://web.archive.org/web/20171002221201id_/http://www.eah-jena.de/~kleine/history/languages/Algol60-Deutsch.pdf",
  ZMID =         "03168131",
  ZMnumber =     "0103.10802",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-pm,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980)",
  keywords =     "numerical analysis",
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Based on an international conference held in Paris,
                 Jan. 11--16, 1960.",
}

@InProceedings{Naur:1962:BPC,
  author =       "P. Naur",
  title =        "The Basic Philosophy. Concepts, and Features of
                 {ALGOL}",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "385--389",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.naur.com/bibliography.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Naur:1962:RRA,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language {ALGOL
                 60}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Regnecentralen",
  address =      "Copenhagen, Denmark",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 07:56:46 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Pacelli:1962:PAL,
  author =       "M. Pacelli and D. Gavioli and G. Palermo and U.
                 Picciafuoco",
  title =        "{PALGO}, an Algorithmic Language and its Translator
                 for {Olivetti ELEA 6001}",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "439--??",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Palermo:1962:STP,
  author =       "G. Palermo and M. Pacelli",
  title =        "Sequential Translation of a Problem-Oriented
                 Programming Language",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "263--??",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Paul:1962:GPC,
  author =       "M. Paul",
  title =        "A General Processor for Certain Formal Languages",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "65--74",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@PhdThesis{Paul:1962:SFS,
  author =       "M. Paul",
  title =        "{Zur Struktur formaler Sprachen}. ({German}) [{On} the
                 structure of formal languages]",
  type =         "Dissertation",
  school =       "Universit{\"a}t Mainz",
  address =      "Mainz, West Germany",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 15:51:30 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@InProceedings{Picciafuoco:1962:NDA,
  author =       "U. Picciafuoco and M. Pacelli",
  title =        "Non-Dynamic Aspects of Recursive Programming",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "317--??",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Rizzo:1962:CJU,
  author =       "M. Rizzo",
  title =        "Critique of the {JOVIAL} User's Manual",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "FN-LO-34-3; N-L0-2109/000/00",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Paramus, NJ, USA",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:23:54 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Ross:1962:ATL,
  author =       "Douglas T. Ross",
  title =        "An Algorithmic Theory of Language",
  type =         "Technical Memorandum",
  number =       "ESL-TM-156 (AD 296 998)",
  institution =  "Electronic Systems Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
                 of Technology",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "ix + 68 + 9",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 10:19:26 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://web.archive.org/web/20130626171225/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=AD0296998",
  abstract =     "The Algorithmic Theory of Language takes the view that
                 processing algorithms define classes of language. A
                 language belongs to a class depending upon whether or
                 not it is properly processed by the corresponding
                 algorithm. Following preliminary statement of
                 $n$-component element and plex definitions, several
                 General Principles concerning the step-by-step growth
                 of large, complex structures are introduced. The words
                 and symbols of language are then considered to be
                 elements with attractive and repulsive properties which
                 cause them to link together to form linguistic
                 structures. The General Principles are applied to
                 suitable element definitions to yield derivations of
                 successively more elaborate algorithms defining the
                 behavior of these elements, and generating in one
                 left-to-right pass the First-Pass Structure which
                 explicitly exhibits the syntactic and semantic
                 structure of a statement by showing syntactic context
                 by a tree structure and semantic context by the
                 ``precedence string''. The present development stops
                 with the concepts of major and minor modifiers and
                 leaves ambiguity resolution and other topics to future
                 papers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "83",
  remark =       "A footnote says that this was submitted to the Journal
                 of the ACM for publication in 1963, but it never
                 appeared there.",
  tableofcontents = "I. Introduction / 1 \\
                 A, Summary / 2 \\
                 B. Acknowledgements / 6 \\
                 C. Outline / 7 \\
                 \\
                 II. Definitions and Methodology / 9 \\
                 A. Components and Elements / 9 \\
                 B. Pointers and Plexes / 10 \\
                 C. Referents / 11 \\
                 D. Algorithms / 13 \\
                 E. Derivation Principles / 14 \\
                 F. Flow Diagrams / 15 \\
                 G. Fringe Cuts / 18 \\
                 \\
                 III. The Basic Algorithmic Theory / 21 \\
                 A. The Elements of Language / 21 \\
                 B. Likes or Attractions / 23 \\
                 C. The Parsing Algorithm / 26 \\
                 D. The Fight Algorithm / 28 \\
                 E. Normal Precedence / 32 \\
                 \\
                 IV. Semantic Attractions / 37 \\
                 A. Modifiers / 37 \\
                 B. The Plike Algorithm / 41 \\
                 C. Example / 43 \\
                 D. Decoupling / 45 \\
                 E. Minor Modifiers / 46 \\
                 F. Major Modifiers / 49 \\
                 G. Broken Minor Segments / 54 \\
                 H. Preliminary Conclusion / 55 \\
                 \\
                 Appendix. ALGOL 60 as an Example / 59 \\
                 Bibliography / 67",
}

@InProceedings{Samelson:1962:AP,
  author =       "K. Samelson and F. L. Bauer",
  title =        "The {ALCOR} Project",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "207--217",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMID =         "03222397",
  ZMnumber =     "0137.10802",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980)",
  keywords =     "numerical analysis",
}

@InProceedings{Savastano:1962:ACB,
  author =       "G. Savastano and B. Fadini",
  title =        "The Algebraic Compilers for {Bendix G-20} Computing
                 System",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "449--??",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Schwartz:1962:JGA,
  author =       "J. I. Schwartz",
  title =        "{JOVIAL}: a General Algorithmic Language",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "481--493",
  year =         "1962",
  LCCN =         "QA76 .S95 1962",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:34:11 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Schwarz:1962:IAT,
  author =       "H. R. Schwarz",
  title =        "An introduction to {ALGOL}: a tutorial paper on
                 {ALGOL} with explanations and examples to make the use
                 of the {ALGOL} report more familiar",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "82--95",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366792.366804",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:37 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0101.10407",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  ZBmath =       "3164930",
}

@Article{Thacher:1962:RCA,
  author =       "Henry C. {Thacher, Jr.}",
  title =        "A redundancy check for {ALGOL} programs",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "337--342",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:39 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@TechReport{vanderMey:1962:PAT,
  author =       "G. van der Mey",
  title =        "Process for an {ALGOL} Translator",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "164 MA",
  institution =  "Dr. Neher Laboratory",
  address =      "Leidschendam, The Netherlands",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:16:38 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{vanderPoel:1962:CAT,
  author =       "W. L. van der Poel",
  title =        "The Construction of an {ALGOL} Translator for a Small
                 Computer",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "229--??",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{vanWijngaarden:1962:GA,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden",
  title =        "Generalized {ALGOL}",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "409--??",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wegstein:1962:SLS,
  author =       "J. H. Wegstein and W. W. Youden",
  title =        "A string language for symbol manipulation based on
                 {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "54--61",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:36 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@InProceedings{Wohlfahrt:1962:SDT,
  author =       "K. Wohlfahrt",
  title =        "On static and dynamic treatment of types in {ALGOL}
                 translators",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "325--330",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 16:57:56 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0137.34601",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ZBmath =       "3223203",
}

@InProceedings{Woodger:1962:DCP,
  author =       "M. Woodger",
  title =        "The description of computing processes. {Some}
                 observations on automatic programming and {ALGOL 60}",
  crossref =     "Busa:1962:SLD",
  pages =        "391--407",
  year =         "1962",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 16:58:52 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0133.39706",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ZBmath =       "3216689",
}

@Article{Wynn:1962:AAP,
  author =       "P. Wynn",
  title =        "An Arsenal of {ALGOL} Procedures for Complex
                 Arithmetic",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "232--255",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1962",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01940171",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:07 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=2&issue=4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=2&issue=4&spage=232",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; complex arithmetic; confluence hypergeometric
                 function; continued fractions; incomplete beta
                 function; incomplete gamma function; Stieltjes
                 $S$-fractions; Weber parabolic cylinder function",
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1963:AIF,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{ALGOL 60}, An Introduction for {FORTRAN}
                 Programmers",
  publisher =    "Elliott Brothers",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:14:42 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1963:APC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Contribution no. 5: Computation
                 of the {Fermi} function",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "141--142",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01935580",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:08 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=3&issue=2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=3&issue=2&spage=141",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Manual{Anonymous:1963:EAR,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Extended {ALGOL} Reference Manual for the {Burroughs
                 B5000}",
  organization = "Burroughs Corporation",
  address =      "Detroit, MI, USA",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:11:33 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Document number 5000-21012.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1963:OAR,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Official actions and responses to {ALGOL} as a
                 programming language",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "159--160",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:46 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1963:PAC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "A primer of {ALGOL 60} computer programming",
  publisher =    "International Computers and Tabulators, Ltd.",
  address =      "London,UK",
  pages =        "62",
  year =         "1963",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:05 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Errata slip inserted.",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); Programming
                 languages (Electronic computers); ALGOL (Langage de
                 programmation); ALGOL (Computer program language);
                 Programming languages (Electronic computers)",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1963:PAP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "A primer of {Algol 60} programming for the {Atlas}
                 computer",
  publisher =    "International Computers and Tabulators",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "62",
  year =         "1963",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:05 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Anonymous:1963:PTP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Panel on Techniques for Processor Construction",
  crossref =     "Popplewell:1963:IPP",
  pages =        "524--??",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:05:05 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Anonymous:1963:SLP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Symposium of Languages for Processor Construction",
  crossref =     "Popplewell:1963:IPP",
  pages =        "513--??",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:05:05 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Anonymous:1963:SPL,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Symposium on Programming Languages",
  crossref =     "Popplewell:1963:IPP",
  pages =        "518--??",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:05:05 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Backus:1963:BAS,
  author =       "J. W. Backus and F. L. Bauer and J. Green and C. Katz
                 and J. McCarthy and P. Naur and A. J. Perlis and Heinz
                 Rutishauser and K. Samelson and B. Vauquois and J. H.
                 Wegstein and A. van Wijngaarden and M. Woodger",
  title =        "{Bericht {\"u}ber die Algorithmische Sprache ALGOL 60
                 (\booktitle{ALGOL Bulletin} Supplement No. 3). Zur
                 Erinnerung an William Turanski. Herausgegeben von P.
                 Naur}. ({German}) [{Report} on the Algorithmic Language
                 {ALGOL 60} (\booktitle{ALGOL Bulletin} Supplement No.
                 3). {In} memory of {William Turanski}. {Edited} by {P.
                 Naur}]",
  journal =      j-ELEKTRON-DATENVERARB,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1--24",
  year =         "1963",
  ISSN =         "0374-3012",
  ISSN-L =       "0374-3012",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 21 15:10:11 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://web.archive.org/web/20171002221201id_/http://www.eah-jena.de/~kleine/history/languages/Algol60-Deutsch.pdf;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMID =         "03177072",
  ZMnumber =     "0108.30206",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-pm,
  ajournal =     "{Elektron. Datenverarb.}",
  author-dates = "Alan Jay Perlis (1 April 1922--7 February 1990);
                 Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10
                 November 1970); John Warner Backus (3 December 1924--17
                 March 2007); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980); Peter Naur (25 October 1928--3 January 2016)",
  fjournal =     "Elektronische Datenverarbeitung",
  keywords =     "numerical analysis",
  language =     "German",
  ZBmath =       "3177072",
}

@Article{Backus:1963:RRAa,
  author =       "J. W. Backus and F. L. Bauer and J. Green and C. Katz
                 and J. McCarthy and P. Naur and A. J. Perlis and H.
                 Rutishauser and K. Samelson and B. Vauquois and J. H.
                 Wegstein and A. van Wijngaarden and M. Woodger",
  title =        "Revised report on the algorithmic language {ALGOL
                 60}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "349--367",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/5.4.349",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:29 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/4/349.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/050349.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/349.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/350.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/351.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/352.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/353.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/354.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/355.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/356.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/357.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/358.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/359.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/360.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/361.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/362.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/363.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/364.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/365.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/366.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/367.tif;
                 https://datamuseum.dk/bits/30002299;
                 https://standardpascaline.org/Algol60-RevisedReport.pdf;
                 https://web.archive.org/web/20200214113425id_/http://web.eah-jena.de/~kleine/history/languages/Algol60-RevisedReport.pdf",
  ZMID =         "03179017",
  ZMnumber =     "0109.35105",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10
                 November 1970); John Warner Backus (3 December 1924--17
                 March 2007); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980); Peter Naur (25 October 1928--3 January 2016)",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Backus:1963:RRAb,
  author =       "J. W. Backus and F. L. Bauer and J. Green and C. Katz
                 and J. McCarthy and P. Naur and A. J. Perlis and H.
                 Rutishauser and K. Samelson and B. Vauquois and J. H.
                 Wegstein and A. van Wijngaarden and M. Woodger",
  title =        "Revised report on the algorithmic language {ALGOL}
                 60",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "420--453",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01386340",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Sun Oct 17 16:12:48 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nummath.bib",
  note =         "Edited by Peter Naur. Dedicated to the memory of
                 William Turanski.",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01386340",
  ZMID =         "03179017",
  ZMnumber =     "0109.35105",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10
                 November 1970); John Warner Backus (3 December 1924--17
                 March 2007); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980); Peter Naur (25 October 1928--3 January 2016)",
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/211",
}

@Article{Bohman:1963:APR,
  author =       "Jan Bohman",
  title =        "{Algol} programming: {Remark} on algorithm no. 4,
                 {LLGAUSS} {(Chr. Andersen, BIT {\bf 2}, 4 (1962))}",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "60--60",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01963535",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:07 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=3&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Andersen:1962:APC}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=3&issue=1&spage=60",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@InProceedings{Bolliet:1963:VTC,
  author =       "Louis Bolliet",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{3e Congr{\`e}s AFCALTI, Paris, 14--17 may 1963}",
  title =        "{L} {\'e}volution des techniques de compilation.
                 ({French}) [{The} evolution of compilation
                 techniques]",
  publisher =    pub-DUNOD,
  address =      pub-DUNOD:adr,
  pages =        "21--58",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 09:52:34 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Manual{Boothroyd:1963:GMI,
  author =       "J. Boothroyd",
  title =        "A Guide to Machine-Independent Compiler Programming
                 and {ALGOL}",
  organization = "English Electric LEO",
  address =      "Kidsgrove, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:15:44 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Bottenbruch:1963:SUA,
  author =       "H. Bottenbruch",
  title =        "Structure and use of {ALGOL 60}",
  publisher =    "{Verlag f{\"u}r ausl{\"a}ndische Literatur}",
  address =      "Moscow, USSR",
  pages =        "99",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:01:36 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Translation by I. B. Zadyhajlo and L. N. Panfilov of
                 the English original to Russian.",
  ZMnumber =     "0109.35202",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Russian",
  ZBmath =       "3179019",
}

@Article{Bromberg:1963:SPL,
  author =       "Howard Bromberg",
  title =        "Survey of programming languages and processors",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "93--98",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:45 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Brown:1963:NPN,
  author =       "Peter J. Brown",
  title =        "Note on the proof of the non-existence of a phrase
                 structure grammar for {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "105--105",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:45 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Bumgarner:1963:AGR,
  author =       "L. L. Bumgarner and M. Feliciano",
  title =        "{ALCOR} Group Representation of {ALGOL} Symbols",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "597--599",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 08 17:39:53 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Conway:1963:DST,
  author =       "Melvin E. Conway",
  title =        "Design of a Separable Transition-Diagram Compiler",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "396--408",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:47 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Parallel/Multi.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@InProceedings{Denison:1963:PAM,
  author =       "S. J. M. Denison",
  title =        "A Proposed {ALGOL 60} Matrix Scheme",
  crossref =     "Popplewell:1963:IPP",
  pages =        "503--??",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:05:05 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dijkstra:1963:A,
  author =       "E. W. Dijkstra",
  title =        ",,{Algol 60}``",
  journal =      j-STAT-NEERLANDICA,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "187--188",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9574.1963.tb00317.x",
  ISSN =         "0039-0402 (print), 1467-9574 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0039-0402",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 8 09:05:50 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/statneerlandica.bib",
  URL =          "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1467-9574.1963.tb00317.x",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Stat. Neerl.",
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  fjournal =     "Statistica Neerlandica",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-9574",
  onlinedate =   "June 1963",
}

@Article{Dijkstra:1963:ATPa,
  author =       "E. W. Dijkstra",
  editor =       "Richard Goodman",
  title =        "Appendix --- Two Papers on an {ALGOL} Translator for
                 the {X1}",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "327--??",
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0066-4138(63)80014-2",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 16 15:11:21 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  series =       "International Tracts in Computer Science and
                 Technology and Their Application",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080097633500175;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0066413863800142",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
  keywords =     "Electrologica EL X1 (first commercial electronic
                 computer developed in The Netherlands)",
}

@Article{Dijkstra:1963:ATPb,
  author =       "E. W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "Appendix: Two Papers on an {ALGOL} Translator for the
                 {X1}",
  journal =      "International Tracts in Computer Science and
                 Technology and Their Application",
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "327--327",
  year =         "1963",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-009763-3.50017-5",
  ISSN =         "0074-9141",
  ISSN-L =       "0074-9141",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
}

@Article{Dijkstra:1963:ATX,
  author =       "Edsger W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "An {ALGOL-60} translator for the {X1}",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "329--345",
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 17 15:50:30 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Article{Dijkstra:1963:DMI,
  author =       "E. W. Dijkstra",
  editor =       "Richard Goodman",
  title =        "On the Design of Machine Independent Programming
                 Languages",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "27--42",
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-009763-3.50007-2;
                 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0066-4138(63)80003-8",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 16 15:10:40 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  note =         "Originally issued as Report MR 34 of the Mathematics
                 Centre, Amsterdam.",
  series =       "International Tracts in Computer Science and
                 Technology and Their Application",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080097633500072;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0066413863800038",
  abstract =     "This chapter discusses programming languages that,
                 like ALGOL 60, are intended for the description of
                 numerical processes. There are two declarations in
                 ALGOL 60 with a hybrid nature, the switch declaration
                 and the procedure declaration. Like all declarations,
                 they reserve an identifier for a special sort of object
                 but, they immediately define this object and do so
                 statically. In this respect, they are comparable to the
                 so-called constant declaration, which has been
                 suggested for numerical quantities. It is known that by
                 replacing static definitions by dynamic ones, one can
                 only gain in flexibility. Furthermore, ALGOL 60
                 includes the assignment statement that assigns a value
                 dynamically but only in the case that the value is a
                 logical value or a number. By extending the concept
                 assignment of a value so that lists, statements, etc.,
                 can also act as assigned values, the value-defining
                 function of the switch and procedure declaration can be
                 removed. The declarators switch and procedure should
                 then only be followed by a list of identifiers, to
                 which suitable assignments should eventually be made.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
  xxISSN =       "0074-9141",
}

@Article{Dijkstra:1963:MTA,
  author =       "Edsger W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "Making a translator for {ALGOL-60}",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "347--356",
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 17 15:50:30 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
  keywords =     "Algol 60, translator, compiler",
  reffrom =      Floyd:ieee:toec:1964,
}

@InProceedings{Dijkstra:1963:SMA,
  author =       "E. W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "Some Meditations on Advanced Programming",
  crossref =     "Popplewell:1963:IPP",
  pages =        "535--538",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:05:05 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Duncan:1963:ESA,
  author =       "Fraser G. Duncan",
  title =        "{ECMA} Subset of {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "595--597",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 05:44:22 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://dl.acm.org/pub.cfm?id=J782",
}

@Article{Duncan:1963:IOA,
  author =       "F. G. Duncan",
  title =        "Input and output for {ALGOL 60} on {KDF 9}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "341--344",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/5.4.341",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:29 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/4/341.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/050341.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/341.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/342.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/343.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/344.tif",
  ZMnumber =     "0107.12002",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  ZBmath =       "3174801",
}

@Book{Ershov:1963:ILA,
  author =       "A. P. Ershov and G. I. Kozhukhin and U. M. Voloshin",
  title =        "Input Language for Automatic Programming Systems",
  publisher =    pub-ACADEMIC,
  address =      pub-ACADEMIC:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 70",
  year =         "1963",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .E713",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:00:15 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fettis:1963:AMH,
  author =       "Henry E. Fettis",
  title =        "{Algorithm 163}: {Modified} {Hankel} function",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "161--162",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:46 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "Hankel functions; special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: A 25-line Algol procedure for $ e^x K_p(x)
                 $.",
}

@Article{Floyd:1963:SAO,
  author =       "Robert W. Floyd",
  title =        "Syntactic Analysis and Operator Precedence",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "316--333",
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/321172.321179",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411 (print), 1557-735X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 05 22:55:28 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jacm.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Assoc. Comput. Mach.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/jacm",
  xxmonth =      "none",
  xxnumber =     "none",
}

@Article{Froberg:1963:APC,
  author =       "Carl-Erik Fr{\"o}berg",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Contribution no. 5: Computation
                 of the {Fermi} function",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "141--142",
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 16 14:36:22 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
  remark =       "Fullerton: The Fermi function depends on several
                 physical parameters of the atomic nucleus.",
}

@Article{Gerard:1963:HRA,
  author =       "J. M. Gerard and A. Sambles",
  title =        "A hardware representation for {ALGOL 60} using {Creed}
                 teleprinter equipment",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "338--340",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/5.4.338",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:29 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/4/338.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/050338.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/338.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/339.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/340.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Ginsburg:1963:SRU,
  author =       "Seymour Ginsburg and Gene F. Rose",
  title =        "Some Recursively Unsolvable Problems in {ALGOL}-Like
                 Languages",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "29--47",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411 (print), 1557-735X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 08 23:19:09 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jacm.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Assoc. Comput. Mach.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/jacm",
}

@Article{Golub:1963:RBG,
  author =       "Gene H. Golub",
  title =        "Review: {{\booktitle{A Guide to ALGOL Programming}},
                 by Daniel D. McCracken}",
  journal =      j-J-AM-STAT-ASSOC,
  volume =       "58",
  number =       "304",
  pages =        "1202--1202",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "JSTNAL",
  ISSN =         "0162-1459 (print), 1537-274X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0162-1459",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 25 08:05:37 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/golub-gene-h.bib;
                 http://www.jstor.org/journals/01621459.html;
                 http://www.jstor.org/stable/i314185;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/golub-gene-h.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jamstatassoc1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2283384",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Gene Howard Golub (February 29, 1932--November 16,
                 2007)",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the American Statistical Association",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uasa20",
}

@Article{Golub:1963:RGA,
  author =       "Gene H. Golub",
  title =        "Review: {{\em A Guide to ALGOL Programming} by Daniel
                 D. McCracken}",
  journal =      j-J-AM-STAT-ASSOC,
  volume =       "58",
  number =       "304",
  pages =        "1202--1202",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "JSTNAL",
  ISSN =         "0162-1459 (print), 1537-274X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0162-1459",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 18 17:23:04 2010",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/golub-gene-h.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jamstatassoc.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2283384",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of the American Statistical Association",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uasa20",
}

@Book{Guntsch:1963:EPD,
  author =       "F. R. Guntsch",
  title =        "{Einf{\"u}hrung in die Programmierung Digitaler
                 Rechenautomaten}. ({German}) [{Introduction} to the
                 programming of digital computers]",
  publisher =    "Verlag Walther de Gruyter",
  address =      "Berlin, West Germany",
  pages =        "388",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:01:25 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Hawkins:1963:MPT,
  author =       "E. N. Hawkins and D. H. R. Huxtable",
  title =        "A multi-pass translation scheme for {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "163--205",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0066-4138(63)80007-5",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 06:46:53 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Article{Higman:1963:TAT,
  author =       "B. Higman",
  title =        "Towards an {ALGOL} translator",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "121--162",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0066-4138(63)80006-3",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 06:45:18 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Article{Higman:1963:WES,
  author =       "B. Higman",
  title =        "What {EVERYBODY} should know about {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "50--56",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/6.1.50",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:29 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/6/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/6/1/50.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_01/060050.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_01/tiff/50.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_01/tiff/51.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_01/tiff/52.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_01/tiff/53.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_01/tiff/54.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_01/tiff/55.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_01/tiff/56.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Hoare:1963:EAI,
  author =       "C. A. R. Hoare",
  title =        "The {Elliott ALGOL} input\slash output system",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "345--348",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/5.4.345",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:29 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hoare-c-a-r.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/4/345.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/050345.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/345.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/346.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/347.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/348.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Antony Richard Hoare (11 January 1934--5 March
                 2026)",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Huskey:1963:SDB,
  author =       "H. D. Huskey and Ralph Love and Niklaus Wirth",
  title =        "A Syntactic Description of {BC NELIAC}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "367--375",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366663.366664",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:47 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "In 1958, at the time of the formation of an
                 International Algorithmic Language for Computing
                 Machines (subsequently named Algol), a project was
                 started at the U.S. Naval Electronics Laboratory in San
                 Diego to develop a translator for IAL. Overtaking the
                 definition effort, they defined their own language,
                 doing so with a particular control application in mind.
                 Thus, a problem-oriented language based on Algol was
                 defined and translators were built for a number of
                 computers (Sperry-Rand. Datatron, CDC, and IBM, among
                 others). The resulting language (named NELIAC) was
                 algebraic in character (like Algol) but much simpler
                 and straightforward (and consequently, much easier to
                 learn and to use). Minimum effort principles were used
                 in the design --- thus, things that are said frequently
                 can be said simply, and historical mathematical
                 notations are respected as far as feasible. Using
                 load-and-go techniques, single-pass fast compilation
                 was possible (more than 5000 object commands per
                 minute), and fast-running programs were obtained.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  numpages =     "9",
}

@Article{Irons:1963:SUS,
  author =       "Edgar T. Irons",
  title =        "The structure and use of the syntax directed
                 compiler",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "207--227",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0066-4138(63)80008-7",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 04 06:48:32 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Article{Kaupe:1963:NDE,
  author =       "Arthur F. {Kaupe, Jr.}",
  title =        "A note on the dangling else {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "460--460",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:48 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@InProceedings{Keese:1963:ATA,
  author =       "W. M. {Keese, Jr.} and Harry D. Huskey",
  title =        "An Algorithm for the Translation of {ALGOL}
                 Statements",
  crossref =     "Popplewell:1963:IPP",
  pages =        "498--502",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 05:52:12 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxpages =      "227--229",
}

@Article{Leroy:1963:IAL,
  author =       "H. Leroy",
  title =        "Introduction au langage {Algol}. ({French})
                 [Introduction to the {Algol} language]",
  journal =      "Chiffres: Revue de {l'Association Fran{\c{c}}aise de
                 Calcul}",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "59--73",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 09:57:45 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@InProceedings{Leroy:1963:MCD,
  author =       "H. Leroy",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{3e Congr{\`e}s AFCALTI, Paris}",
  title =        "Sur une m{\'e}thode de compilation et d ex{\'e}cution
                 des programmes {Algol}. ({French}) [{On} a method for
                 compiling and executing programs {Algol}]",
  publisher =    pub-DUNOD,
  address =      pub-DUNOD:adr,
  pages =        "191--197",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 09:52:34 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@InProceedings{Lombardi:1963:TOA,
  author =       "L. A. Lombardi",
  title =        "On Table Operating Algorithms",
  crossref =     "Popplewell:1963:IPP",
  pages =        "509--??",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:05:05 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Lucas:1963:RLL,
  author =       "P. Lucas",
  title =        "Requirements on a Language for Logical Data
                 Processing",
  crossref =     "Popplewell:1963:IPP",
  pages =        "556--??",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:05:05 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{McCarthy:1963:PDA,
  author =       "John McCarthy",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mathematical
                 Theory of Automata, {New York 1962}",
  title =        "On the precise definition for {ALGOL} and other
                 programming languages",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "13--??",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:03:29 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0116.34502",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ZBmath =       "3189726",
}

@Article{Naur:1963:APG,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: {Goto} statements and good
                 {Algol} style",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "204--208",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01939987",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:08 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=3&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=3&issue=3&spage=204",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Peter Naur (25 October 1928--3 January 2016)",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Naur:1963:CAC,
  author =       "P. Naur",
  key =          "GPS (General Problem Solver)",
  title =        "Certification of algorithm for calculating primes by
                 means of {GPS}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "39--39",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366193.366237",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:44 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Knuth:1961:AC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Peter Naur (25 October 1928--3 January 2016)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Naur:1963:DGAa,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "The design of the {GIER ALGOL} compiler. {Part I}",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "124--140",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01935579",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:08 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=3&issue=2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=3&issue=2&spage=124",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
  remark-01 =    "From page 124: ``The report gives a full description
                 of the design of an ALGOL 60 system for the GIER, a
                 machine having 1024 words of cores and 12800 words on
                 drum.''",
  remark-02 =    "From page 124: ``The compiler was first distributed in
                 a slightly restricted form in September 1962. A final
                 version was distributed in February 1963.''",
  remark-03 =    "From page 125: ``The language of GIER ALGOL is ALGOL
                 60 except for the omission of integers as labels,
                 arrays called by value, and \kwd{own} arrays. Input and
                 output \ldots{} are controlled by means of standard
                 procedures.''",
  remark-04 =    "From page 125: ``\ldots{}the DASK ALGOL compiler [was]
                 completed in late 1961.''",
  remark-05 =    "From page 126: ``The first news of the success of the
                 Dutch project [the Dijkstra--Zonneveld ALGOL 60
                 compiler for the Electrologica X1], in June 1960, fell
                 like a bomb in our group. \ldots{} DASK [ALGOL
                 compiler] was completed in this form in January
                 1961.''",
  remark-06 =    "From page 127: ``\ldots{} January 1962 when it was
                 decided that a GIER ALGOL compiler should be
                 written.''",
  remark-07 =    "From page 127--128: describing the GIER architecture:
                 ``Stores. Core store: 1024 words of 42 bits, access
                 time 8.8 microseconds. Magnetic drum: 320 tracks of 40
                 words each. Transfer time of complete track: 20
                 milliseconds. \ldots{} Word structure: Of the 42 bits
                 two are regarded as marks and are not processed in
                 parallel with the rest of the word. Floating point
                 operations divide the word into a 10 bit exponent and a
                 30 bit mantissa while the marks are irrelevant. Order
                 structure: The marks in each word select the order
                 interpretation modes: (a) One instruction of 40 bits or
                 two instructions of 20 bits in the word. (b) Fixed or
                 floating operation. \ldots{} Operation times: Fixed
                 point operations range from 36 to 50 microseconds.
                 Floating-point operations: addition 100 microseconds,
                 multiplication 170 microseconds, division 220
                 microseconds. Input: 8-hole paper tape, reading at 500
                 characters per second. Output: 8-hole paper tape,
                 punched at 150 characters per second.''",
  remark-08 =    "From page 128: ``The running system is the fixed
                 administration which is used by any translated ALGOL
                 program while the program is executed. It occupies the
                 last 200 words of the core store and its most important
                 tasks are the handling of the dynamic storage
                 allocation and the execution of procedure calls.''",
}

@Article{Naur:1963:DGAb,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "The design of the {GIER ALGOL} compiler. {Part II}",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "145--166",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01939983",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:08 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=3&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=3&issue=3&spage=145",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Peter Naur (25 October 1928--3 January 2016)",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Naur:1963:DPA,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "Documentation problems: {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "77--79",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:45 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Manual{Naur:1963:MGA,
  author =       "P. Naur",
  title =        "A Manual of {GIER ALGOL}",
  organization = "Regnecentralen",
  address =      "Copenhagen, Denmark",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:18:01 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Naur:1963:RRA,
  author =       "Peter Naur and J. W. Backus and F. L. Bauer and J.
                 Green and C. Katz and J. McCarthy and A. J. Perlis and
                 H. Rutishauser and K. Samelson and B. Vauquois and J.
                 H. Wegstein and A. van Wijngaarden and M. Woodger and
                 P. Nauer",
  title =        "Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language {ALGOL
                 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--17",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/366193.366201",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:44 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/reynolds.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "Dedicated to the memory of William Turanski.",
  ZMID =         "03179017",
  ZMnumber =     "0109.35105",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10
                 November 1970); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25
                 May 1980)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@TechReport{Nederkoorn:1963:PPA,
  author =       "J. Nederkoorn",
  title =        "A {PERT} Program in {ALGOL 60}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "MR 56",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "ii + 22",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:09:22 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  abstract =     "An ALGOL 60 computer program (for a Marconi-Elliott
                 900 series computer with paper tape input and output)
                 is presented and described in sufficient detail for
                 someone not experienced in either PERT or computer
                 programming to understand how to make use of it. The
                 program is in current use to analyze network diagrams
                 and to produce the several types of relevant reports
                 required. Particular attention is paid to the practical
                 updating of the network, and to the use of the reports
                 as a valuable medium for communication among members of
                 a project team.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Nolin:1963:QRL,
  author =       "L. Nolin",
  title =        "Quelques r{\'e}flexions sur les langages de
                 programmation. ({French}) [Some thoughts on programming
                 languages]",
  journal =      "Chiffres: Revue de {l'Association Fran{\c{c}}aise de
                 Calcul}",
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9--28",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 10:33:02 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@InProceedings{Paul:1963:APP,
  author =       "M. Paul",
  title =        "{ALGOL 60} processors and a processor generator",
  crossref =     "Popplewell:1963:IPP",
  pages =        "493--497",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:05:05 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0136.38601",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ZBmath =       "3221717",
}

@PhdThesis{Petry:1963:UFS,
  author =       "W. Petry",
  title =        "{{\"U}bersetzung formaler Sprachen in topologische
                 Strukturen}. ({German}) [{Translation} of formal
                 languages into topological structures]",
  type =         "Dissertation",
  school =       "Universit{\"a}t Mainz",
  address =      "Mainz, West Germany",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 15:54:44 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@InProceedings{Poyen:1963:LLF,
  author =       "Jeanne Poyen and J. Poyen",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{PUF}, coll. Que Sais-je?",
  title =        "Le Langage {\'e}lectronique. ({French}) [{Electronic}
                 Language]",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "115--116",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 10:01:19 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "CAE 510 computer",
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Relph:1963:ACH,
  author =       "A. P. Relph",
  title =        "{Algorithm 192}: {Confluent} hypergeometric",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "388--388",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:47 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  remark =       "Fullerton: 30-line Algol procedure for complex args.
                 The work of Luke supersedes this.",
}

@Article{Relph:1963:AH,
  author =       "A. P. Relph",
  title =        "{Algorithm 191}: {Hypergeometric}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "388--388",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:47 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  note =         "See certification \cite{Koppelaar:1974:CRA}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  remark =       "Fullerton: 30-line Algol procedure. The work of Luke
                 is better.",
}

@Article{Rosin:1963:LEB,
  author =       "Robert F. Rosin",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: {BCD} Data in {ALGOL 58}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "51--51",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 26 16:34:54 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Rutishauser:1963:URPa,
  author =       "H. Rutishauser",
  title =        "The use of recursive procedures in {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "43--51",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0066-4138(63)80004-x",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 25 07:50:21 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  author-dates = "Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10 November
                 1970)",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
  remark =       "Copublished with \cite{Rutishauser:1963:URPb}.",
}

@InCollection{Rutishauser:1963:URPb,
  author =       "H. Rutishauser",
  booktitle =    "International Tracts in Computer Science and
                 Technology and Their Application",
  title =        "The Use of Recursive Procedures in {ALGOL 60}",
  publisher =    pub-ELSEVIER,
  address =      pub-ELSEVIER:adr,
  pages =        "43--51",
  year =         "1963",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-009763-3.50008-4",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 25 07:51:29 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10 November
                 1970)",
  remark =       "Copublished with \cite{Rutishauser:1963:URPa}.",
}

@InProceedings{Salle:1963:SSP,
  author =       "F. Sall{\'e} and J. Newey",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{3e Congr{\`e}s AFCALTI, Paris, 14--17 may 1963}",
  title =        "Sp{\'e}cification d'un syst{\`e}me de programmation et
                 d'utilisation pour un calculateur scientifique de
                 grande ou moyenne puissance. {Le} syst{\`e}me {C7}.
                 ({French}) [{Specification} of a programming and usage
                 system for a high or medium power scientific computer.
                 {The} {C7} system]",
  publisher =    pub-DUNOD,
  address =      pub-DUNOD:adr,
  pages =        "199--206",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 09:52:34 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@InProceedings{Samelson:1963:PLT,
  author =       "K. Samelson",
  title =        "Programming Languages and their Processing",
  crossref =     "Popplewell:1963:IPP",
  pages =        "487--??",
  year =         "1963",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 05:50:23 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Samet:1963:CHR,
  author =       "Paul A. Samet",
  title =        "Correspondence: {A} hardware representation for {ALGOL
                 60} using {Creed Teleprinter} equipment",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "286--286",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/6.3.286",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:55:49 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  note =         "See correspondence
                 \cite{Barron:1964:CRA,Taylor:1964:CRA}.",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_03/tiff/286.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Shaw:1963:JPL,
  author =       "C. J. Shaw",
  title =        "{Jovial} --- a programming language for real-time
                 command systems",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "53--119",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0066-4138(63)80005-1",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 06:43:44 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Article{Shaw:1963:SSJ,
  author =       "Christopher J. Shaw",
  title =        "Standards: {A} specification of {JOVIAL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "721--736",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:50 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "This report gives a complete specification of the
                 latest ``official'' version I of JOVIAL, a
                 general-purpose, procedure-oriented, and largely
                 computer-independent programming language developed by
                 System Development Corporation for large-scale military
                 systems and as a corporate standard.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Shoffner:1963:PLS,
  author =       "Miriam G. Shoffner and Peter J. Brown",
  title =        "Programming Languages: {A} suggested method of making
                 fuller use of strings in {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "169--171",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:46 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Utman:1963:SAR,
  author =       "R. E. Utman",
  title =        "Suggestions on {ALGOL 60 (ROME)} issues",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "20--23",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:44 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{vanWijngaarden:1963:GA,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden",
  title =        "Generalized {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "17--26",
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0066-4138(63)80002-6",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:32:02 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Article{Watt:1963:RAP,
  author =       "J. M. Watt",
  title =        "The realization of {ALGOL} procedures and
                 designational expressions",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "332--337",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/5.4.332",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:29 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/4/332.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/050332.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/332.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/333.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/334.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/335.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/336.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_05/Issue_04/tiff/337.tif",
  ZMnumber =     "0114.06604",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  ZBmath =       "3185210",
}

@Article{Wells:1963:LEA,
  author =       "Mark B. Wells",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: on {ALGOL 60} as a publication
                 language",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "421--421",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:48 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@PhdThesis{Wirth:1963:GAa,
  author =       "Niklaus Emil Wirth",
  title =        "A Generalization of {Algol}",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} thesis",
  school =       "University of California, Berkeley",
  address =      "Berkeley, CA",
  pages =        "107",
  year =         "1963",
  ISBN =         "1-0851-1027-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-0851-1027-3",
  MRclass =      "99-05",
  MRnumber =     "2613866",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 04 16:56:48 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.proquest.com/pqdtglobal/docview/302115469",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  advisor =      "Harry Douglas Huskey and Edward Albert Feigenbaum",
  author-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
  remark =       "Not online outside Berkeley, but there are papers on
                 that work \cite{Wirth:1966:EGAa, Wirth:1966:EEG,
                 Wirth:1966:EGAb, Wirth:1985:PLD}",
}

@Article{Wirth:1963:GAb,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth",
  title =        "A Generalization of {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "547--554",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/367593.367619",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:49 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "The publication of the Report on the Algorithmic
                 Language ALGOL 60 (1) was one of the very important and
                 subsequently most discussed events in the field of
                 programming techniques. ALGOL was designed to spare the
                 programmer from the myriad of tedious detail
                 considerations required for machine-language coding; it
                 achieves this aim to an extremely high degree and
                 should therefore be expected to have become the
                 dominant tool in the art of programming, not only for
                 publication purposes but as the actual source language
                 of processing systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  numpages =     "8",
}

@Article{Woodger:1963:DCP,
  author =       "M. Woodger",
  title =        "The description of computing processes: Some
                 observations on automatic programming and {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "3",
  pages =        "1--15",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0066-4138(63)80001-4",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 06:41:39 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Article{Woodger:1963:SAR,
  author =       "M. Woodger",
  title =        "Supplement to the {ALGOL 60} report",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "18--20",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1963",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:44 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Book{Wooldridge:1963:IAPa,
  author =       "R. (Roylance) Wooldridge and J. F. Ratcliffe",
  title =        "An Introduction to {ALGOL} Programming",
  publisher =    "The English Universities Press",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "131",
  year =         "1963",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5.W6 1963",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:58:42 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Wooldridge:1963:IAPc,
  author =       "Roylance Wooldridge and J. F. Ractliffe",
  title =        "An introduction to {ALGOL} programming",
  publisher =    "English Universities Press",
  address =      "London, UK",
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "174",
  year =         "1963",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5.W6 1963",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:12:45 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Ageev:1964:PAL,
  author =       "M. I. Ageev",
  title =        "The Principles of the Algorithmic Language {ALGOL
                 60}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Computing Centre AN",
  address =      "Moscow, USSR",
  pages =        "116",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:19:12 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Revised edition July 1965.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Andersen:1964:AMF,
  author =       "Christian Andersen",
  title =        "The {$ Q D $}-Algorithm as a Method for Finding the
                 Roots of a Polynomial Equation When All Roots are
                 Positive",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-64-9 (AD604012)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "74",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:11:14 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-64-9.html",
  abstract =     "The Quotient--Difference (QD)-scheme, symmetric
                 functions and some results from the theory of Hankel
                 determinants are treated. Some well known relations
                 expressing the elements of the QD-scheme by means of
                 the Hankel determinants are presented. The question of
                 convergence of the columns of the QD-scheme is treated.
                 An exact expression for $ q_n^k $ is developed for the
                 case of different roots. It is proved that the columns
                 of the QD-scheme will converge not only in the well
                 known case of different roots, but in all cases where
                 the roots are positive. A detailed examination of the
                 convergence to the smallest root is presented. An exact
                 expression for $ q_n^N $ is developed. This expression
                 is correct in all cases of multiple positive roots. It
                 is shown that the progressive form of the QD-algorithm
                 is only 'mildly unstable'. Finally, some ALGOL programs
                 and some results obtained by means of these are
                 given.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "86",
  xxauthor =     "Charles Anderson",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-64-9",
}

@Book{Anderson:1964:IA,
  author =       "Christian J{\o}rgen Andersen",
  title =        "An Introduction to {ALGOL 60}",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "vi + 57",
  year =         "1964",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 A534 1964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:08:13 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1964:APd,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Algol} programming",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "250--260",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01939517",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:08 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=4&spage=250",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1964:NGA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Notes: The {GIER ALGOL III} Compiler",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "135--136",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01939857",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:08 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=2&spage=135",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1964:PA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Programming in {ALGOL 60}",
  publisher =    "Mathematics Laboratory, Royal Radar Establishment",
  address =      "Malvern, UK",
  pages =        "29",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:09:34 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Barron:1964:CRA,
  author =       "D. W. Barron",
  title =        "Correspondence: On the representation of {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "335--335",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/6.4.335",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 05 10:35:45 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Samet:1963:CHR,Taylor:1964:CRA}.",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_04/tiff/335.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Book{Baumann:1964:IA,
  author =       "R. Baumann and M. Feliciano and F. L. Bauer and K.
                 Samelson",
  title =        "Introduction to {Algol}",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  pages =        "x + 142",
  year =         "1964",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .B33",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "163449",
  MRreviewer =   "B. A. Galler",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 20 18:22:34 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Prentice-Hall Series in Automatic Computation",
  ZMID =         "03217433",
  ZMnumber =     "0134.13802",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980)",
}

@Book{Bolliet:1964:NLS,
  author =       "L. Bolliet and N. Gastinel and P. J. Laurent",
  title =        "Un Nouveau Language Scientifique: {ALGOL}: Manuel
                 Pratique. ({French}) [{A} New Scientific Language:
                 {ALGOL}: Practical Manual]",
  publisher =    "Hermann",
  address =      "Paris, France",
  pages =        "196",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:03:54 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
  remark =       "This was the first published book in French on Algol
                 60. From \cite[page 13]{Mounier-Kuhn:2014:AFU}: ``The
                 publisher, Hermann, took great care of the book's
                 typography and had special characters designed for
                 printing Algol formulas by the famous Swiss typograph
                 Adrian Frutiger, who named this alphabet `Algol'.''
                 Page 14 of that reference shows a display of the Algol
                 alphabet.",
}

@PhdThesis{Boussard:1964:ERC,
  author =       "J.-Cl. Boussard",
  title =        "{{\'E}}tude et r{\'e}alisation d'un compilateur {Algol
                 60} sur calculateur {\'e}lectronique du type {IBM
                 7090\slash} 94 et 7040\slash 44. ({French}) [{Study}
                 and Implementation of an {Algol 60} compiler on an
                 electronic computer of the type of the {IBM 7090\slash}
                 94 and 7040\slash 44]",
  type =         "Th{\`e}se de doctorat {\`e}s sciences appliqu{\'e}es",
  school =       "Universit{\'e} de Grenoble",
  address =      "Grenoble, France",
  pages =        "380",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 10:09:11 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
  remark =       "The Algol compiler for the IBM 7090 was completed and
                 running in October 1963, the version for IMAG's new IBM
                 7044, two months later.",
}

@Article{Brooker:1964:PPS,
  author =       "R. A. Brooker",
  title =        "A programming package for some general modes of
                 arithmetic",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "119--127",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:51 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "An interpretive programming package is described for
                 computation with operands which may be real, complex,
                 single or double precision, or real multiple precision.
                 It also performs operations on matrices formed from
                 these elements. A simple language structure is used to
                 describe the computation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "floating-point arithmetic",
}

@Article{Cheatham:1964:ENS,
  author =       "T. E. {Cheatham, Jr.}",
  title =        "{Editor}'s note: {A} successor to {ALGOL}?",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "422--422",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:54 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Culik:1964:ESG,
  author =       "Karel {\v{C}}ulik",
  title =        "On equivalent and similar grammars of {ALGOL}-like
                 languages",
  journal =      "Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae",
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "93--95",
  year =         "1964",
  ISSN =         "0010-2628 (print), 1213-7243 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:08:19 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://eudml.org/doc/16081",
  ZMnumber =     "0129.10212",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Commentat. Math. Univ. Carol.",
  fjournal =     "Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae",
  ZBmath =       "3210397",
}

@Article{Cyvin:1964:AGF,
  author =       "S. J. Cyvin and B. N. Cyvin",
  title =        "{Algorithm 225}: {Gamma} function with controlled
                 accuracy",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "295--295",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:53 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "$\Gamma(x)$; special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: 30-line Algol procedure based on
                 out-of-date method.",
}

@Article{Cyvin:1964:AND,
  author =       "S. J. Cyvin",
  title =        "{Algorithm 226}: {Normal} distribution function",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "295--295",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/364099.364315",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:53 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "probability functions",
}

@Article{Evans:1964:AC,
  author =       "Arthur Evans",
  title =        "An {ALGOL 60} compiler",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "87--124",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(64)90015-1",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 07:01:24 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Article{Farkas:1964:RPPb,
  author =       "I. Farkas",
  title =        "Recent Publications and Presentations: {{\booktitle{A
                 Guide to ALGOL Programming}}, by Daniel D. McCracken}",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "71",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "232--232",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 28 12:37:23 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/amermathmonthly1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Mathematical Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.jstor.org/journals/00029890.htm",
}

@Article{Floyd:1964:BCS,
  author =       "Robert W. Floyd",
  title =        "Bounded context syntactic analysis",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "62--67",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:51 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Robert W. Floyd (8 June 1936--25 September 2001)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Forsythe:1964:TPA,
  author =       "George E. Forsythe",
  title =        "Tests of {Parlett}'s {ALGOL} Eigenvalue Procedure {$ E
                 i g 3 $} (in {Technical Notes and Short Papers})",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "87",
  pages =        "486--487",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1090/S0025-5718-1964-0165669-4;
                 https://doi.org/10.2307/2003771",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0025-5718",
  MRclass =      "65.40",
  MRnumber =     "MR0165669 (29 \#2949)",
  MRreviewer =   "James H. Wilkinson",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 22 09:08:17 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/forsythe-george-elmer.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/parlett-beresford-n.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/mathcomp1960.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "https://www.ams.org/journals/mcom/1964-18-087/S0025-5718-1964-0165669-4/S0025-5718-1964-0165669-4.pdf;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/mathcomp1960.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0124.33005",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Math. Comput.",
  author-dates = "Beresford Neill Parlett (4 July 1932--7 February
                 2026); George Elmer Forsythe (8 January 1917--9 April
                 1972)",
  fjournal =     "Mathematics of Computation",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.ams.org/mcom/",
  keywords =     "numerical analysis",
}

@Article{Garwick:1964:RFG,
  author =       "Jan V. Garwick",
  title =        "Remark on further generalization of {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "422--423",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:54 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Gautschi:1964:AIB,
  author =       "Walter Gautschi",
  title =        "{Algorithm 222}: {Incomplete} beta functions ratios",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "143--143",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:52 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "beta functions; special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: 200-line Algol procedure.",
}

@TechReport{Golub:1964:NMS,
  author =       "Gene H. Golub and Peter A. Businger",
  title =        "{{\booktitle{Numerical methods for solving linear
                 least squares problems}} (by G. Golub); \booktitle{An
                 ALGOL procedure for finding linear least squares
                 solutions} (by Peter Businger)}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-64-12 (AD608292)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "ii + 27",
  day =          "28",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:11:14 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/golub-gene-h.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-64-12.html",
  abstract =     "A common problem in a Computer Laboratory is that of
                 finding linear least squares solutions. These problems
                 arise in a variety of areas and in a variety of
                 contexts. Linear least squares problems are
                 particularly difficult to solve because they frequently
                 involve large quantities of data, and they are
                 ill-conditioned by their very nature. In this paper, we
                 shall consider stable numerical methods for handling
                 these problems. Our basic tool is a matrix
                 decomposition based on orthogonal Householder
                 transformations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Gene Howard Golub (February 29, 1932--November 16,
                 2007)",
  pdfpages =     "32",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-64-12 (AD608292)",
}

@Article{Gorn:1964:RIO,
  author =       "S. Gorn",
  title =        "Report on Input-Output Procedures for {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "628--630",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:56 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Gorn:1964:RSA,
  author =       "S. Gorn",
  title =        "Report on {SUBSET ALGOL 60} ({IFIP})",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "626--628",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:56 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Gram:1964:APC,
  author =       "Christian Gram",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Contribution no. 8: Definite
                 Integrals by {Romberg}'s Method",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "54--60",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01939526",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:08 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=1&spage=54",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Gram:1964:APN,
  author =       "Christian Gram",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Note on {``Definite Integral by
                 Romberg's Method'' [BIT {\bf 4}(1), 1964, pp.
                 54--60]}",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "118--119",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01939854",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:08 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=2&spage=118",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Grimsdale:1964:IAP,
  author =       "R. L. Grimsdale",
  title =        "An Introduction to {Algol} Programming",
  journal =      j-ELECTRON-POWER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "96-",
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "ELPWAQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1049/ep.1964.0105",
  ISSN =         "0013-5127 (print), 2053-7883 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 14:51:26 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Electronics and power",
  journal-URL =  "https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/ep",
}

@Article{Healy:1964:ANN,
  author =       "M. J. R. Healy",
  title =        "{ALGOL} Note: Note on the use of procedures",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "735--735",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:57 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Healy:1964:BRBb,
  author =       "M. J. R. Healy",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{An Introduction to ALGOL
                 Programming}}, by R. Wooldridge; J. F. Ractliffe}",
  journal =      j-J-R-STAT-SOC-SER-A-GENERAL,
  volume =       "127",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "300--300",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "JSSAEF",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/2344021",
  ISSN =         "0035-9238",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9238",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 24 11:18:12 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.jstor.org/stable/i315930;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jrss-a-1960.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.jstor.org/stable/2344021",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A
                 (General)",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.jstor.org/journals/00359238.html",
}

@Article{Hoare:1964:BRA,
  author =       "C. A. R. Hoare",
  title =        "Book review: {{\booktitle{Algol on the KDF9}}}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "154--154",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/7.2.154",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:31 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/2.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hoare-c-a-r.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/2/154.full.pdf+html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Antony Richard Hoare (11 January 1934--5 March
                 2026)",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Hoare:1964:BRB,
  author =       "C. A. R. Hoare",
  title =        "Book review: {{\booktitle{Algol on the KDF9}}}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "154--154",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/7.2.154",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:31 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/2.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/2/154.full.pdf+html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@InProceedings{Hoare:1964:EAP,
  author =       "C. A. R. Hoare",
  editor =       "P. Wegner",
  booktitle =    "Introduction to System Programming",
  title =        "The {Elliott ALGOL} programming system",
  publisher =    pub-ACADEMIC,
  address =      pub-ACADEMIC:adr,
  pages =        "156--166",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 09 08:19:42 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hoare-c-a-r.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://archive.org/details/introductiontosy00wegn/page/2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Antony Richard Hoare (11 January 1934--5 March
                 2026)",
}

@Article{Hohn:1964:BRI,
  author =       "Franz E. Hohn",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Introduction to ALGOL}} by
                 R. Baumann, M. Feliciano, F. L. Bauer, K. Samelson}",
  journal =      j-PI-MU-EPSILON-J,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "31--31",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "PMEJBR",
  ISSN =         "0031-952X",
  ISSN-L =       "0031-952X",
  bibdate =      "Sun Aug 23 12:38:50 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.jstor.org/stable/24339270",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Pi Mu Epsilon Journal",
  subject-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015)",
}

@Article{Irons:1964:SCF,
  author =       "E. T. Irons",
  title =        "``{Structural} connections'' in formal languages",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "67--72",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:51 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Josefsen:1964:APC,
  author =       "Harold Josefsen",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Contribution no. 10: Linear
                 programming by the modified simplex method",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "189--196",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01956029",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:08 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  note =         "See certification
                 \cite{Asker:1966:APC,McKay:1972:APCa,McKay:1972:APCb}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=3&spage=189",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Knuth:1964:FDS,
  author =       "Donald E. Knuth and J. L. McNeley",
  title =        "A Formal Definition of {SOL}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-13",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "409--414",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1964.263822",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  ISSN-L =       "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:57:02 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038205;
                 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038205",
  abstract =     "This paper gives a formal definition of SOL, a general
                 purpose algorithmic language useful for describing and
                 simulating complex systems. SOL is described using
                 meta-linguistic formulas as used in the definition of
                 ALGOL 60. The principle differences between SOL and
                 problem-oriented languages such as ALGOL or FORTRAN is
                 that SOL includes capabilities for expressing parallel
                 computation, convenient notations for embedding random
                 quantities within arithmetic expressions and automatic
                 means for gathering statistics about the elements
                 involved. SOL differs from other simulation languages
                 such as SIMSCRIPT primarily in simplicity of use and in
                 readability since it is capable of describing models
                 without including computer-oriented characteristics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Trans. Electron. Comput.",
  checked =      "19940607",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
  keywords =     "SOL, formal definition, language definition",
  refs =         "2",
  sjb =          "The ``formal definition'' consists of the grammar
                 along with English prose explaining the semantics and
                 any restrictions.",
  source =       "Main library",
  xxnote =       "dek-vita.tex has EC-13 and EC--13: inconsistent.",
  xxnumber =     "(unknown): issue covers lost at time of binding",
}

@Article{Knuth:1964:LEB,
  author =       "Donald E. Knuth",
  title =        "Letter to the Editor: {Backus Normal Form} vs. {Backus
                 Naur Form}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "735--736",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/355588.365140",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 26 11:19:25 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "From the letter: ``Therefore I propose that henceforth
                 we always say ``Backus Naur Form'' instead of Backus
                 Normal Form, when referring to such a syntax. This
                 terminology has several advantages: (1) It gives the
                 proper credit to both Backus and Naur; (2) It preserves
                 the oft-used abbreviation ``BNF''; (3) It does not call
                 a Form a Normal Form",
}

@Article{Knuth:1964:PIO,
  author =       "D. E. Knuth and L. L. Bumgarner and D. E. Hamilton and
                 P. Z. Ingerman and M. P. Lietzke and J. N. Merner and
                 D. T. Ross",
  title =        "A Proposal for Input-Output Conventions in {ALGOL
                 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "273--283",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/364099.364222",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:53 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "Russian translation by M. I. Ageev in {\sl Sovremennoe
                 Programmirovanie\/ \bf 1} (Moscow: Soviet Radio, 1966),
                 73--107.",
  abstract =     "The ALGOL 60 language as first defined made no
                 explicit reference to input and output processes. Such
                 processes appeared to be quite dependent on the
                 computer used, and so it was difficult to obtain
                 agreement on those matters. As time has passed, a great
                 many ALGOL compilers have come into use, and each
                 compiler has incorporated some input-output facilities.
                 Experience has shown that such facilities can be
                 introduced in a manner which is compatible and
                 consistent with the ALGOL language, and which (more
                 importantly) is almost completely machine-independent.
                 However, the existing implementations have taken many
                 different approaches to the subject, and this has
                 hampered the interchange of programs between
                 installations. The ACM ALGOL committee has carefully
                 studied the various proposals in an attempt to define a
                 set of conventions for doing input and output which
                 would be suitable for use on most computers. The
                 present report constitutes the recommendations of that
                 committee.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Langefors:1964:AGP,
  author =       "B{\"o}rje Langefors",
  title =        "{ALGOL-GENIUS}, a Programming Language for General
                 Data Processing",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "162--176",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01956027",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:08 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=3&spage=162",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Lietzke:1964:MSC,
  author =       "Marjorie P. Lietzke",
  title =        "A method of syntax-checking {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "475--478",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:55 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Lotsch:1964:AFI,
  author =       "Helmut Lotsch and Malcolm Gray",
  title =        "{Algorithm 244}: {Fresnel} Integrals [{S20}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "660--661",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:56 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  abstract =     "This procedure computes the Fresnel sine and cosine
                 integrals $ C(w) = \int_0^\infty \cos [(\pi / 2)t^2] \,
                 d t $ and $ S(w) = \int_0^w \sin [(\pi / 2)t^2] \, d t
                 $. It is a modification of Algorithm 213 (Comm. ACM, 6
                 (Oct. 1963), 617) such that the accuracy, expressed by
                 \textit{eps}, is improved. eps can arbitrarily be
                 chosen up to $ \textit {eps} = 10^{-6} $ for a computer
                 with sufficient word length as, for example, the
                 Burroughs B5000 which has 11--12 significant digits.
                 Referring to the formulas of Algorithm 213: if $ |w| <
                 \sqrt {(26.20 / \pi)} $ the series expansions $ C(w) $
                 and $ S(w) $ are terminated when the absolute value of
                 the relative change in two successive terms is $ \leq
                 \textit {eps} $. If $ |w| \geq \sqrt {(26.20 / \pi)} $
                 the series $ Q(x) $ and $ P(x) $ are terminated when
                 the absolute value of the terms is $ \leq \textit {eps}
                 / 2 $. However, this truncation point is not
                 necessarily valid for the range $ \sqrt {(26.20 / \pi)}
                 \leq |w| < \sqrt {(28.50 / \pi)} $ when $ \textit {eps}
                 = 10^{-6} $, since the asymptotic series must be
                 terminated before arriving at the minimum. In this
                 range the ignored terms of the series expansions are $
                 < 3 \times 10^6 $, and for larger arguments $ < 10^{-6}
                 $. This accuracy may be improved if desired: the
                 switch-over point from the regular to the asymptotic
                 series expansions has to be displaced to larger
                 arguments.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "C(x); Fresnel integrals; S(x); special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: 100-line Algol procedure.",
}

@Article{Marsh:1964:JC,
  author =       "Donald G. Marsh",
  title =        "{JOVIAL} in class",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "167--181",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(64)90017-5",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 07:04:22 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Book{McCracken:1964:GAP,
  author =       "Daniel D. McCracken",
  title =        "A guide to {ALGOL} programming",
  publisher =    "Verlag `Mir'",
  address =      "Moscow, USSR",
  pages =        "184",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:10:49 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Translation by I. B. Zadykhajlov and L. N. Panfilov of
                 the English original to Russian.",
  ZMnumber =     "0126.13301",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Russian",
  ZBmath =       "3204979",
}

@TechReport{Metropolis:1964:IQRb,
  author =       "N. C. Metropolis",
  title =        "{ICR} Quarterly Report",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "TID-21413",
  institution =  "Institute for Computer Research, University of
                 Chicago",
  address =      "Chicago, IL, USA",
  pages =        "231",
  day =          "1",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 20 11:36:54 2007",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4659841&query_id=0",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algol; beams; CDC 3600; charged particles; computers;
                 control systems; cosmic radiation; cyclotrons; digital
                 systems; errors; MANIAC 3; mathematics; mathematics and
                 computers; operation; planning; programming; spark
                 chambers; spectra; stability; statistics; testing; X
                 radiation",
}

@Article{Naur:1964:AGS,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "Automatic Grading of Students' {ALGOL} Programming",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "177--188",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01956028",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:08 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=3&spage=177",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Naur:1964:APC,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Contribution no. 9: Eigenvalues
                 and eigenvectors of real symmetric matrices",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "120--130",
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 16 14:34:20 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  note =         "See erratum \cite{Naur:1964:EAP}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Naur:1964:ARR,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "Appendix: Revised report on the algorithmic language
                 {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "217--258",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(64)90020-5",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 07:05:19 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Article{Naur:1964:DGA,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "The design of the {GIER ALGOL} compiler",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "49--85",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(64)90014-X",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 07:00:24 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Article{Naur:1964:EAP,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "Erratum: {``Algol Programming: Contribution no. 9:
                 Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of real symmetric
                 matrices'' [BIT {\bf 4}(2), 1964, p. 127]}",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "204--204",
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Mon Nov 16 14:36:22 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Naur:1964:APC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Naur:1964:UMC,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "Using Machine-Code within an {ALGOL} System",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "115--117",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01939853",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:08 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=4&issue=2&spage=115",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Book{Nickel:1964:APE,
  author =       "K. Nickel",
  title =        "{ALGOL-Praktikum: Eine Einf{\"u}hrung in das
                 Programmieren}. ({German}) [{ALGOL} Internship: an
                 Introduction to Programming]",
  publisher =    "Braun",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, West Germany",
  pages =        "220",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:10:29 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Perlis:1964:EAM,
  author =       "A. J. Perlis and Renato Iturriaga",
  title =        "An extension to {ALGOL} for manipulating formulae",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "127--130",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:51 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/macsyma.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Petrone:1964:ISC,
  author =       "L. Petrone and C. E. Vandoni",
  title =        "Integer and signed constants in {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "734--735",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/355588.365138",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:57 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0124.08301",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  ZBmath =       "3200948",
}

@Article{Popov:1964:PP,
  author =       "V. N. Popov and A. G. Stepanov and A. G. Stisheva and
                 N. A. Travnikova",
  title =        "A Programming Program",
  journal =      j-ZH-VYCHISL-MAT-MAT-FIZ,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1--??",
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "ZVMFAN",
  ISSN =         "0044-4669",
  ISSN-L =       "0044-4669",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:23:06 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ejournal =     "Journal of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical
                 Physics",
  fjournal =     "Zhurnal Vychislitel'no{\u{\i}} Matematiki i
                 Matematichesko{\u{\i}} Fiziki",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.mathnet.ru/zvmmf",
}

@Article{Pullin:1964:FAT,
  author =       "D. Pullin",
  title =        "A {Fortran} to {Algol} translator",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "24--27",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/7.1.24",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:31 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_07/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/1/24.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_07/Issue_01/070024.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_07/Issue_01/tiff/24.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_07/Issue_01/tiff/25.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_07/Issue_01/tiff/26.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_07/Issue_01/tiff/27.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Randell:1964:SST,
  author =       "B. Randell and L. J. Russell",
  title =        "Single-Scan Techniques for the Translation of
                 Arithmetic Expressions in {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "159--167",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411 (print), 1557-735X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 03 22:33:52 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jacm.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Assoc. Comput. Mach.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/jacm",
}

@Article{Randell:1964:WAR,
  author =       "B. Randell",
  title =        "{Whetstone ALGOL} Revisited, or Confession of a
                 Compiler Writer",
  journal =      "Automatic Programming Information Bulletin",
  number =       "21",
  pages =        "1--10",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1964",
  DOI =          "",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:21:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Reeves:1964:CPA,
  author =       "Colin Morrison Reeves and Michael Wells",
  title =        "A Course on Programming in {ALGOL 60}",
  publisher =    "Chapman and Hall",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "viii + 82",
  year =         "1964",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 R44",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:07:04 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rose:1964:EAL,
  author =       "Gene F. Rose",
  title =        "An extension of {ALGOL}-like languages",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "52--61",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:51 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Ross:1964:CAP,
  author =       "Douglas T. Ross",
  title =        "On context and ambiguity in parsing",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "131--133",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:51 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Ryder:1964:NAC,
  author =       "K. L. Ryder",
  title =        "Note on an {Algol 60} Compiler for {Pegasus I}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "336--338",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/6.4.336",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:30 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/6/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/6/4/336.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_04/060336.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_04/tiff/336.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_04/tiff/337.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_04/tiff/338.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Samet:1964:CAG,
  author =       "P. A. Samet and P. J. Taylor",
  title =        "Comments on the {ALCOR} group representation of
                 {ALGOL} symbols",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "424--424",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:54 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@TechReport{Shaw:1964:PJG,
  author =       "C. J. Shaw",
  title =        "Part 2, The {JOVIAL} Grammar and Lexicon",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "TM-555/002/02",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Santa Monica, CA, USA",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:38:52 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Shura-Bura:1964:TA,
  author =       "M. R. Shura-Bura and E. Z. Lubimskiy",
  title =        "Translator: {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-ZH-VYCHISL-MAT-MAT-FIZ,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "1--??",
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "ZVMFAN",
  ISSN =         "0044-4669",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:23:06 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ejournal =     "Journal of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical
                 Physics",
  fjournal =     "Zhurnal Vychislitel'no{\u{\i}} Matematiki i
                 Matematichesko{\u{\i}} Fiziki",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.mathnet.ru/zvmmf",
}

@Article{Szameitat:1964:BRG,
  author =       "K. E. J. W. Szameitat",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{A Guide to Algol
                 Programming}} by D. D. McCracken}",
  journal =      j-REV-INST-INT-STAT,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "327--328",
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "ISTRDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/1401880",
  ISSN =         "0373-1138 (print), 2212-1846 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0373-1138",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 30 09:11:25 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/revinstintstat.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1401880",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Rev. Inst. Int. Stat.",
  fjournal =     "Revue de l'Institut international de statistique =
                 Review of the International Statistical Institute",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.jstor.org/journal/revuinstintestat",
}

@Article{Taylor:1964:CRA,
  author =       "P. Taylor",
  title =        "Correspondence: On the representation of {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "335--335, 367--367",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/6.4.335",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 05 10:35:45 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Samet:1963:CHR,Barron:1964:CRA}.",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_04/tiff/335.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_06/Issue_04/tiff/367.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@TechReport{Tjomsland:1964:IJC,
  author =       "I. A. Tjomsland",
  title =        "The [{IBM}] 709 {JOVIAL} Compool",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "FN-3836",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Paramus, NJ, USA",
  year =         "1964",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:38:52 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Voss:1964:DAP,
  author =       "J. R. Voss",
  title =        "In defense of {ALGOL 60} as a publication language",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "2--2",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:51 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Wilkes:1964:ESC,
  author =       "M. V. Wilkes",
  title =        "An experiment with a self-compiling compiler for a
                 simple list-processing language",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "4",
  pages =        "1--48",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(64)90013-8",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 07:03:29 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Article{Woodger:1964:A,
  author =       "Michael Woodger",
  title =        "{Algol}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-13",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "377--381",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1964.263817",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  ISSN-L =       "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:57:02 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038200",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Trans. Electron. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
  keywords =     "Certification; Computer languages; History; Humans;
                 Machinery; Meeting planning; Natural languages;
                 Proposals; Testing",
}

@Article{Wynn:1964:GPV,
  author =       "P. Wynn",
  title =        "General purpose vector epsilon algorithm {ALGOL}
                 procedures",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "22--36",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1964",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 18 20:10:40 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nummath.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/211",
}

@TechReport{Ageev:1965:EEM,
  author =       "M. I. Ageev and J. Maclaren",
  title =        "{English} Equivalents of Metalinguistic Terms of
                 {Russian ALGOL}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-65-19 (AD0612686, TT-65-61839)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "115",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 21 14:21:14 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/tr/AD0612686",
  abstract =     "The Russian versions of the metalinguistic terms of
                 ALGOL 60 are listed in Russian alphabetical order,
                 together with the English originals.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "No PDF file in DTIC or NWRL, but DTIC has abstract.
                 Translated from monograph \booktitle{Osnovy
                 Algoritmicheskogo Yazyka Algol-60 (Principles of the
                 Algol-60 Algorithmic Language)} Moscow, 1964.",
}

@Article{Anderson:1965:PSP,
  author =       "James P. Anderson",
  title =        "Program Structures for Parallel Processing",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "786--788",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:03 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "Constructs for organizing and explicating parallel
                 program segments are discussed as extensions to ALGOL
                 60. The constructs serve as meta-commands and are
                 motivated by equipment having multiprocessing
                 capability.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940409",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  sjb =          "Besides the {\em fork} and {\em join} proposed by
                 Opler \cite{Opler:1965:POL}, suggests {\em terminate},
                 {\em obtain} and {\em release} to take better advantage
                 of computers such as the IBM System 360/67 and the GE
                 635. {\em obtain} and {\em release} grab and give up
                 respectively, exclusive access on a list of variables.
                 {\em terminate} is used in conjunction with {\em fork}
                 and {\em join} to explicitly terminate a branch of
                 computation.",
}

@Book{Arsac:1965:ATP,
  author =       "J. Arsac and A. Lentin and M. Nivat and L. Nolin",
  title =        "{ALGOL}: Th{\'e}orie et Pratique. ({French}) [{ALGOL}:
                 Theory and Practice]",
  publisher =    pub-GAUTHIER-VILLARS,
  address =      pub-GAUTHIER-VILLARS:adr,
  pages =        "204",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:18:00 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Barnes:1965:KAL,
  author =       "J. G. P. Barnes",
  title =        "A {KDF9 Algol} list-processing scheme",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "113--119",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/8.2.113",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:33 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/2/113.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_02/080113.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_02/tiff/113.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_02/tiff/114.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_02/tiff/115.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_02/tiff/116.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_02/tiff/117.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_02/tiff/118.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_02/tiff/119.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Batson:1965:OST,
  author =       "Alan Batson",
  title =        "The organization of symbol tables",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "111--112",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:58 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hash.bib",
  abstract =     "An efficient symbol table organization is an important
                 feature in the design of any compiler. During the
                 construction of the Virginia ALGOL 60 compiler for the
                 Burroughs B205, the primary consideration in the symbol
                 table design was that the recognition of identifiers
                 and reserved words should be as rapid as possible. the
                 general features of the technique are described.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940409",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  refs =         "0",
  sjb =          "Describes a technique where all identifiers are stored
                 in a stack and lookup is a linear search. Not
                 surprisingly criticizes this for being slow. Instead of
                 this method, suggests using a hash table with a linear
                 probe on collision.",
}

@Book{Bauer:1965:MRE,
  author =       "F. L. Bauer and J. Heinhold and K. Samelson and R.
                 Sauer",
  title =        "{Moderne Rechenanlagen: Eine Einf{\"u}hrung}.
                 ({German}) [{Modern} Computing Systems: an
                 Introduction]",
  publisher =    pub-TEUBNER,
  address =      pub-TEUBNER:adr,
  pages =        "357",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:12:18 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980)",
  language =     "German",
}

@Book{Broise:1965:LAA,
  author =       "P. Broise",
  title =        "Le Langage {ALGOL}: Applications {\`a} des
                 Probl{\'e}mes de Recherche Op{\'e}rationelle.
                 ({French}) [{The} {ALGOL} Language: Applications to
                 Operations Research Problems]",
  publisher =    pub-DUNOD,
  address =      pub-DUNOD:adr,
  pages =        "99",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:19:58 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Burkhardt:1965:LES,
  author =       "Walter H. Burkhardt",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: syntax and generalization of
                 {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "261--261",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/364914.364925",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:00 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "Letter to the editor",
  ZMnumber =     "0135.18501",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940405",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  sjb =          "States that Iverson's notation for syntax
                 \cite{Iverson:cacm:1964} is not original since he has
                 used it for ``many years''. Points at Brooker and
                 Morris's work as prior art
                 \cite{Brooker:Morris:jacm:1962,Rosen:cacm:1964}.
                 Follows this with a list of errors in the syntax given
                 by Iverson and then suggests generalizations of his
                 own. See also
                 \cite{Iverson:1965:RSG,Sanderson:1965:SLR}.",
  ZBmath =       "3219321",
}

@Article{Burkhardt:1965:MSS,
  author =       "Walter H. Burkhardt",
  title =        "Metalanguage and Syntax Specification",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "304--305",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:00 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  abstract =     "Two metalanguages are described, one sufficient for
                 the table specification of the ALGOL syntax, the other
                 with additional metaoperators adequate and used for the
                 formal table description of Basic FORTRAN",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940406",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  sjb =          "Uses Iverson's notation \cite{xxx} and extends it with
                 some extra operators, the most useful being: ``\${\bf n
                 \em unit}'' to represent ``{\em unit} must appear at
                 least {\bf n} times'' and ``$\upparrow${\bf n \em
                 unit}'' to indicate that ``{\em unit} must appear no
                 more than {\bf n} times''.",
}

@InProceedings{CaracciolodiForino:1965:LPP,
  author =       "A. {Caracciolo di Forino}",
  title =        "Linguistic Problems in Programming Theory",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "223--??",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Christiansen:1965:APE,
  author =       "S. Christiansen",
  title =        "{Algol} programming: Error Integral with Complex
                 Argument",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "287--293",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01937509",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:09 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=5&issue=4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=5&issue=4&spage=287",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
  remark =       "Fullerton: A 75-line Algol procedure with maximum
                 absolute error about $ 2 \times 10^{-6} $ is given for
                 $ w(z) = e^{-z^2} \erfc ( - i z) $.",
}

@Article{Chu:1965:ALC,
  author =       "Yaohan Chu",
  title =        "An {ALGOL}-like Computer Design Language",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "607--615",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:02 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "The idea of constructing a computer design language by
                 making use of an ALGOL-like programming language is
                 presented. A computer designer can benefit from using a
                 design language at a higher level just as a computer
                 user can benefit from a higher level programming
                 language. The purposes and requirements of the design
                 language are enumerated. To achieve most of the
                 purposes a translator is required to translate a design
                 of computer logic into a set of Boolean equations. The
                 design language is presented in terms of a vocabulary,
                 statements, sequences and microprogram. Included are
                 examples of identifiers, expressions, with both unary
                 and binary operators, declaration statements, transfer
                 statements, terminal statements, exchange statements,
                 if statements, do statements, go to statements, several
                 sequences and a microprogram.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940408",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  sjb =          "An early hardware description language.",
}

@Article{Cohen:1965:DPL,
  author =       "J. Cohen and Nguyen-Huu-Dung",
  title =        "Definition de Procedures {LISP} en {ALGOL}; Exemple
                 {d'Utilisation}. ({French}) [{Definition} of Procedures
                 {LISP} in {ALGOL}; Example of Use]",
  journal =      "Revue Fran{\c{c}}aise de traitement de l'Information",
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "271--293",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1965",
  ISSN =         "0556-7823",
  ISSN-L =       "0556-7823",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:27:43 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Culik:1965:STG,
  author =       "Karel {\v{C}}ulik",
  title =        "Semantics and translation of grammars and {ALGOL}-like
                 languages",
  journal =      j-KYBERNETIKA,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "47--49",
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "KYBNAI",
  ISSN =         "0023-5954 (print), 1805-949X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0023-5954",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:14:25 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://eudml.org/doc/28003",
  ZMnumber =     "0161.13904",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Kybernetika",
  ZBmath =       "3257839",
}

@InProceedings{Dijkstra:1965:PCH,
  author =       "E. W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "Programming Considered as a Human Activity",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "213--??",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Duncan:1965:PRO,
  author =       "F. G. Duncan",
  title =        "Possibilities for Refining an Object Program Compiled
                 with an {ALGOL} Translator",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "85--95",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01939613",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:09 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=5&issue=2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=5&issue=2&spage=85",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Book{Ekman:1965:IAP,
  author =       "Torgil Ekman and Carl Erik Fr{\"o}berg",
  title =        "Introduction to {ALGOL} Programming",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "123",
  year =         "1965",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73A24",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:22:20 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Engeli:1965:FMA,
  author =       "M. E. Engeli",
  title =        "Formal Manipulation of Algebraic Expressions with an
                 Algorithmic Language",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "456--??",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Ershov:1965:AAPa,
  author =       "A. P. Ershov",
  title =        "{ALPHA} Automatic Programming System",
  publisher =    "USSR Academy of Sciences, Siberian Division",
  address =      "Novosibirsk, USSR",
  pages =        "264",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:26:37 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Ershov:1965:AAPb,
  author =       "A. P. Ershov",
  title =        "{ALPHA} --- An Automatic Programming System of High
                 Efficiency",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "622--??",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{Fierst:1965:ALM,
  author =       "J. W. Fierst",
  title =        "{Algol-20}, A Language Manual",
  organization = "Carnegie Institute of Technology",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 12 18:13:42 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Forsythe:1965:AGPa,
  author =       "George E. Forsythe and Niklaus Wirth",
  title =        "Automatic Grading Programs",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CS-TR-65-17",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "ii + 17",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 06:41:18 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/forsythe-george-elmer.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/pub/cstr/reports/cs/tr/65/17/CS-TR-65-17.pdf;
                 http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-65-17.html",
  abstract =     "The ALGOL grader programs are presented for the
                 computer evaluation of student ALGOL programs. One is
                 for a beginner's program; it furnishes random data and
                 checks answers. The other provides a searching test of
                 the reliability and efficiency of a rootfinding
                 procedure. There is a statement of the essential
                 properties of a computer system, in order that grader
                 programs can be effectively used.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Elmer Forsythe (8 January 1917--9 April 1972);
                 Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
  pdfpages =     "19",
}

@Article{Forsythe:1965:AGPb,
  author =       "George E. Forsythe and Niklaus Wirth",
  title =        "Automatic Grading Programs",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "275--278",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/364914.364937",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:00 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/forsythe-george-elmer.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "Two ALGOL grader programs are presented for the
                 computer evaluation of student ALGOL programs. One is
                 for a beginner's program; it furnishes random data and
                 checks answers. The other provides a searching test of
                 the reliability and efficiency of an integration
                 procedure. There is a statement of the essential
                 properties of a computer system, in order that grader
                 programs can be effectively used.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Elmer Forsythe (8 January 1917--9 April 1972);
                 Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
  checked =      "19940405",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  numpages =     "4",
}

@Article{Galler:1965:IE,
  author =       "Bernard A. Galler and Michael J. Fischer",
  title =        "The Iteration Element",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "349--349",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/364955.364958",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:00 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  abstract =     "A recent addition to the MAD language has made the
                 iteration structure of the MAD THROUGH statement
                 (corresponding to the ALGOL {\bf for} statement and the
                 FORTRAN DO statement) available within expressions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940407",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Gautschi:1965:ALF,
  author =       "W. Gautschi",
  title =        "{Algorithm 259}: {Legendre} Functions for Arguments
                 Larger than One [{S16}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "488--492",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{Jansen:1977:RLF}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "Legendre functions; special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Long Algol procedures for the associated
                 Legendre functions of the first and second kinds: $
                 P_a^n(x) $ and $ Q_n^m $.",
}

@InProceedings{Gill:1965:CBP,
  author =       "S. Gill",
  title =        "The Changing Basis of Programming",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "201--??",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gries:1965:STU,
  author =       "D. Gries and M. Paul and H. R. Wiehle",
  title =        "Some Techniques Used in the {ALCOR ILLINOIS 7090}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "496--500",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "An ALGOL compiler has been written by the ALCOR group
                 for the IBM 7090. Some little known but significant
                 techniques in compiler writing, together with
                 organizational details of this compiler, are described.
                 Timing estimates and an indication of compiler
                 requirements are also given.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940407",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "IBM 7090",
  sjb =          "The language supported is ALGOL with the exception of
                 {\bf own} variables. The compiler works in 4 passes.",
}

@Article{Griffiths:1965:PCS,
  author =       "T. V. Griffiths",
  title =        "On Procedures for Constructing Structural Descriptions
                 for three Parsing Algorithms",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "594",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 29 17:20:46 1999",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "Letter to the editor",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940408",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  sjb =          "Some comments in \cite{Griffiths:1965:REC}.",
}

@Article{Griffiths:1965:REC,
  author =       "T. V. Griffiths and S. R. Petrick",
  title =        "On the Relative Efficiencies of Context-Free Grammar
                 Recognizers",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "289--300",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:00 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{Griffiths:1965:PCS}.",
  abstract =     "A number of diverse recognition procedures that have
                 been proposed for parsing sentences with respect to a
                 context-free grammar are described in this paper by
                 means of a common device. Each procedure is defined by
                 giving an algorithm for obtaining a nondeterministic
                 Turing Machine recognizer that is equivalent to a given
                 context-free grammar. the formalization of the Turing
                 Machine has been chosen to make possible particularly
                 simple descriptions of the parsing procedures
                 considered.\par

                 An attempt has been made to compare recognition
                 efficiencies for the procedures defined. For a few
                 simple grammars and sentences a formal comparison has
                 been made. Empirical comparison of the recognition of
                 more realistic programming languages such as LISP and
                 ALGOL has been made by means of a program which
                 simulates the Turing Machine on the Univac M-460
                 Computer. Several algorithms for producing grammars
                 equivalent to a given context-free grammar have been
                 considered, and the increase in recognition efficiency
                 they afford has been empirically investigated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940406",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Gunn:1965:ASa,
  author =       "J. H. Gunn",
  title =        "{Algorithm 260}: {6-$J$} symbols",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "492--492",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Short Algol procedure.",
}

@Article{Gunn:1965:ASb,
  author =       "J. H. Gunn",
  title =        "{Algorithm 261}: {9-$J$} symbols",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "492--493",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Short Algol procedure.",
}

@Article{Gunn:1965:AZV,
  author =       "J. H. Gunn",
  title =        "{Algorithm 252} [{Z}]: {Vector} coupling or
                 {Clebsch--Gordan} coefficients",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "217--217",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:59 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Short Algol procedure.",
}

@Article{Haag:1965:LEM,
  author =       "James N. Haag",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: more suggestions for {ALGOL
                 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "347--347",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:00 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "Letter to the editor",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940407",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  sjb =          "Suggests using a special table that encodes all the
                 standard binary logical operations plus lots of others
                 into a 4 bit code.",
}

@InProceedings{Hauer:1965:SAL,
  author =       "H. J. Hauer",
  title =        "{SYNALGOL} --- an Algorithm Language Capable of
                 Growing",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "316--??",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Hawgood:1965:NMA,
  author =       "J. Hawgood",
  title =        "Numerical Methods in {ALGOL}",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "178",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:17:00 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Herriot:1965:RA,
  author =       "J. G. Herriot",
  title =        "{R65-26 ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "278--278",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1965.263979",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  ISSN-L =       "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 14 06:26:23 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4038434",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Trans. Electron. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
  keywords =     "Bonding; Data mining; Documentation; Education;
                 Frequency; Humans; Indexing; Springs; Testing",
}

@TechReport{Hoare:1965:RH,
  author =       "C. A. R. Hoare",
  title =        "Record Handling",
  type =         "WG 2.1 Working Paper",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  pub-IFIP,
  address =      pub-IFIP:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 07:54:09 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Published in the Algol Bulletin: entry Hoare:1965:RH
                 in algol-bulletin.bib.",
}

@TechReport{Hockney:1965:MMF,
  author =       "Roger W. Hockney",
  title =        "Minimum multiplication {Fourier} analysis",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CS-TR-65-32",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:11:14 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-65-32.html",
  abstract =     "Fourier analysis and synthesis is a frequently used
                 tool in applied mathematics but is found to be a time
                 consuming process to apply on a digital computer and
                 this fact may prevent the practical application of the
                 technique. This paper describes an algorithm which uses
                 the symmetries of the sine and cosine functions to
                 reduce the number of arithmetic operations by a factor
                 between 10 and 30. The algorithm is applicable to a
                 finite Fourier (or harmonic) analysis on $ 12
                 \bigotimes \ 2^q $ values, where $q$ is any integer $
                 \geq 0 $ and is applicable to a variety of end
                 conditions. A complete and tested B5000 Algol program
                 known as FOURIER12 is included.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "60",
}

@Article{Hopgood:1965:BRC,
  author =       "F. R. A. Hopgood",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{A Course on Programming in
                 Algol 60}} by C. M. Reeves, M. Wells}",
  journal =      j-MATH-GAZ,
  volume =       "49",
  number =       "370",
  pages =        "484--485",
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "MAGAAS",
  ISSN =         "0025-5572",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 20 11:41:03 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3612239",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Mathematical Gazette",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/mathgaze",
}

@TechReport{Iturriaga:1965:IFA,
  author =       "R. Iturriaga and T. A. Standish and R. A. Krutar and
                 J. C. Earley",
  title =        "Implementation of {Formula Algol} in {FSL}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Carnegie Institute of Technology",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 12 18:15:47 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Iverson:1965:LER,
  author =       "Kenneth E. Iverson",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: Remarks on Syntax and
                 Generalization of {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "542--542",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/365559.365579",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:02 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "Letter to the editor",
  ZMnumber =     "0135.18504",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940407",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  sjb =          "A reply to \cite{Burkhardt:1965:SGA}. Notes that some
                 of Burkhardt's corrections are correct, but some are
                 only correct if you accept a particular change in
                 ALGOL. Regarding Burkhardt's claim that the notation
                 used by Iverson is already known, Iverson simply notes
                 that he found it useful and thought others might
                 benefit from using it.",
  ZBmath =       "3219324",
}

@Article{Jensen:1965:GMC,
  author =       "J{\o}rn Jensen",
  title =        "Generation of Machine Code in {ALGOL} Compilers",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "235--245",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01937503",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:09 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=5&issue=4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=5&issue=4&spage=235",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Johnston:1965:CUC,
  author =       "John B. Johnston",
  title =        "A Class of Unambiguous Computer Languages",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "147--149",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  MRclass =      "68.00",
  MRnumber =     "30\#2708",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:59 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "Discussed in this paper is the concept of a fully
                 nested computer language which may be one means of
                 designing computer languages which would be completely
                 free of ambiguities. Several suggestions are also given
                 here for the redefinition of ALGOL as a fully nested
                 language.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940404",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Kanner:1965:SYA,
  author =       "H. Kanner and P. Kosinski and C. L. Robinson",
  title =        "The structure of yet another {ALGOL} compiler",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "427--438",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:01 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/Compiler.Lins.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "A high-speed ``top down'' method of syntax analysis
                 which completely eliminates ``back-up'' of the source
                 string has been implemented in a convenient
                 macro-language. A technique of simulation at compile
                 time of the use of a conventional run-time stack
                 enables the generation of code for expressions which
                 minimizes stores, fetches and stack-pointer motion at
                 run time, while properly treating recursion and side
                 effects of procedures. Block structure and recursion
                 are handled without need for interpretive methods at
                 run time. The ``context problem'' in the transmission
                 to recursive procedures of parameters ``called by
                 name'' is solved in a manner which permits the handling
                 of common cases of simple expressions and array
                 identifiers with particular efficiency.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940407",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  sjb =          "Contains two good pieces of advice: (1) Do not bother
                 to mechanism those operations which are easily
                 performed by humans. (2) Do not perform at run time any
                 bookkeeping operations that can reasonably be performed
                 at compile time. The former led to the decision to
                 writing the lexer/parser as set of recursive routines
                 and the latter to the removal of any form of ``go to''
                 interpreter \cite{Irons:Feurzig:cacm:1961}. Notes that
                 the ALGOL report uses syntax to distinguish between
                 arithmetic and boolean expressions but that this causes
                 problems for their syntax analyser. The solution to the
                 problems was to unify the syntax and make
                 differentiating between the two types of expression a
                 typing problem. Rest of the paper details solutions to
                 the following areas: labels and multiple assignments;
                 run time lists for {\bf own} variables; dealing with
                 block structure using the symbol table; code generation
                 for expressions; dealing with switches and
                 procedures.",
}

@TechReport{Koster:1965:CAP,
  author =       "C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "On the construction of {ALGOL}-procedures for
                 generating, analysing and translating sentences in
                 natural languages",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "MR 72",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "55",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:18:11 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0143.25704",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ZBmath =       "3231091",
}

@InProceedings{Landin:1965:AMD,
  author =       "P. J. Landin",
  title =        "An Abstract Machine for Designers of Computing
                 Languages",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "438--??",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Landin:1965:CBAa,
  author =       "P. J. Landin",
  title =        "A correspondence between {ALGOL 60} and {Church}'s
                 Lambda-Notation: {Part I}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "89--101",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/363744.363749",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  MRclass =      "68.00 (02.85)",
  MRnumber =     "30\#2710",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:58 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/prog.lang.theory.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0134.33403",
  abstract =     "This paper describes how some of the semantics of
                 ALGOL 60 can be formalized by establishing a
                 correspondence between expressions of ALGOL 60 and
                 expressions in a modified form of Church's $ \lambda
                 $-notation. First a model for computer languages and
                 computer behavior is described, based on the notions of
                 functional application and functional abstraction, but
                 also having analogues for imperative language features.
                 Then this model is used as an ``abstract object
                 language'' into which ALGOL 60 is mapped. Many of ALGOL
                 60's features emerge as particular arrangements of a
                 small number of structural rules, suggesting new
                 classifications and generalizations.\par

                 The correspondence is first described informally,
                 mainly by illustrations. The second part of the paper
                 gives a formal description, i.e. an ``abstract
                 compiler'' into the ``abstract object language.'' This
                 is itself presented in a ``purely functional''
                 notation, that is one using only application and
                 abstraction.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "imperative applicative expressions (IAEs)",
  ZBmath =       "3218187",
  ZMreviewer =   "B. A. Galler",
}

@Article{Landin:1965:CBAb,
  author =       "P. J. Landin",
  title =        "A Correspondence Between {ALGOL 60} and {Church}'s
                 Lambda-Notation: {Part II}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "158--165",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  MRclass =      "68.00 (02.85)",
  MRnumber =     "30\#3590",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:59 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940404",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "imperative applicative expressions (IAEs)",
  sjb =          "This part describes the formal mapping between ALGOL
                 60 and IAEs",
  ZMreviewer =   "B. A. Galler",
}

@Article{Lynch:1965:RSC,
  author =       "W. C. Lynch",
  title =        "Recursive Solution of a Class Of Combinatorial
                 Problems: An Example",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "617--620",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  MRclass =      "05.04",
  MRnumber =     "31\#4731",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:02 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "Combinatorial problems requiring the selection of $n$
                 elements from a set of $m$ elements may be solved by a
                 recursion process analogous to that for computing
                 binomial coefficients. Several specific problems are
                 analyzed, the general technique is exposed, and an
                 ALGOL program is developed for one of the problems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940408",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  ZMreviewer =   "R. G. Stanton",
}

@Article{MacLaren:1965:APN,
  author =       "M. D. MacLaren",
  title =        "{Algorithm 272}: {Procedure} for the Normal
                 Distribution Functions [{S15}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "789--790",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/365691.365957",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:03 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See remarks \cite{Hill:1967:RAS,MacLaren:1968:RAP}.",
  abstract =     "The procedure gives $ \Phi (a) = \sqrt {1 / (2 \pi)}
                 \int_{- \infty }^a \exp ( - t^2 / 2) \, d t $ and $
                 \Phi *(a) = 2 (\Phi (|a|) - 0.5) = \sqrt {2 / \pi }
                 \int_0^{|a|} \exp ( - t^2 / 2) \, d t $.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "probability functions",
}

@Article{Markman:1965:RZF,
  author =       "B. Markman",
  title =        "The {Riemann} Zeta Function",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "138--141",
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 30 08:53:17 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
  remark =       "Fullerton: A 25-line Algol procedure for evaluating $
                 \zeta (s) $ for all $ s \neq 1 $ is given.",
}

@Article{McKeeman:1965:AAR,
  author =       "W. M. McKeeman",
  title =        "{Algorithm 268}: {ALGOL 60} Reference Language Editor
                 [{R2}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "667--668",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:03 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  sjb =          "A pretty-printer for Algol 60. The code is typeset in
                 the format that the pretty-printer produces.",
}

@TechReport{Metropolis:1965:IQR,
  author =       "N. C. Metropolis",
  title =        "{ICR} Quarterly Report, number 4",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "COO-614-31",
  institution =  "Institute for Computer Research, University of
                 Chicago",
  address =      "Chicago, IL, USA",
  pages =        "89",
  day =          "1",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 20 11:36:54 2007",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4632649&query_id=0",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algol; astrophysics; circuits; computers; cyclotrons;
                 digital systems; equations; errors; MANIAC 3;
                 mathematics; mathematics and computers; nebulae;
                 operation; operators; photometry; programming; stars;
                 statistics",
  remark =       "OSTI ID: 4632649.",
}

@Book{Naur:1965:AYA,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "Algoritmicheski{\u{\i}} yazyk {ALGOL-60}. ({Russian})
                 [{The} algorithmic language {ALGOL 60}]",
  publisher =    "Verlag `Mir'",
  address =      "Moscow, USSR",
  pages =        "80",
  year =         "1965",
  MRclass =      "68-06 68N01 00B55",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 04 17:20:11 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Translation to Russian edited by E. P. Ershov, S. S.
                 Lavrov and M. R. Shura-Bura of the English original.",
  ZMnumber =     "0146.14701",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Russian",
  ZBmath =       "3235679",
}

@Article{Naur:1965:COT,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "Checking of Operand Types in {ALGOL} Compilers",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "151--163",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01940219",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:09 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=5&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=5&issue=3&spage=151",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@InProceedings{Naur:1965:OUM,
  author =       "P. Naur",
  title =        "Organizing the Use of Multi-Level Stores",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "620--??",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Naur:1965:PIA,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "Proposals for introduction on aims",
  type =         "WG 2.1 Working Paper",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  pub-IFIP,
  address =      pub-IFIP:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 07:59:03 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Naur:1965:PPW,
  author =       "P. Naur",
  title =        "The Place of Programming in a World of Problems, Tools
                 and People",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "195--??",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Naur:1965:PSA,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "The Performance of a System for Automatic Segmentation
                 of Programs Within an {ALGOL} Compiler ({GIER}
                 {ALGOL})",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "671--676",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:03 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "The GIER ALGOL compiler makes use of an automatic
                 system for handling the transfers of program segments
                 from the drum store to the core store at program
                 execution time. The logic of this system is described.
                 The performance of the system is discussed, primarily
                 on the basis of execution times related to two specific
                 programs. The discussion concludes with an assessment
                 of the potential gains of various ways of improving the
                 system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940409",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Book{Naur:1965:RRA,
  author =       "P. Naur and J. W. Backus and F. L. Bauer and J. Green
                 and C. Katz and J. McCarthy and P. Naur and A. J.
                 Perlis and Heinz Rutishauser and K. Samelson and B.
                 Vauquois and J. H. Wegstein and A. van Wijngaarden and
                 M. Woodger",
  title =        "Revised report on the algorithmic language {ALGOL-60}.
                 ({Russian})",
  volume =       "Moskau, Russia",
  publisher =    "Verlag ``Mir''",
  pages =        "80",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 21 15:10:11 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMID =         "03235679",
  ZMnumber =     "0146.14701",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10
                 November 1970); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25
                 May 1980)",
  keywords =     "numerical analysis",
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Book{Nicol:1965:EPA,
  author =       "Keith Nicol",
  title =        "Elementary programming and {ALGOL}",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 147",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:24:45 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0123.13004",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ZBmath =       "3199263",
}

@InProceedings{Nygaard:1965:SLD,
  author =       "K. Nygaard and O.-J. Dahl",
  title =        "{SIMULA} --- A Language for Describing Discrete Event
                 Systems",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "554--??",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Pair:1965:DCA,
  author =       "Cl. Pair",
  title =        "Description d'un compilateur {Algol}. ({French})
                 [{Description} of an {Algol} compiler]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "European Region 1620 Users Group",
  address =      "Mannheim, West Germany",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 10:38:45 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@InProceedings{Perlis:1965:FA,
  author =       "A. J. Perlis and T. A. Standish",
  title =        "Formula {ALGOL}",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "454--??",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Perlis:1965:FME,
  author =       "A. J. Perlis",
  title =        "Formula Manipulation in Extended {ALGOL}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Nederlands Rekenmachine Genootschaap",
  address =      "????",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:29:04 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Petrone:1965:OPA,
  author =       "L. Petrone",
  title =        "Operators and Procedures in {ALGOL}-type Languages",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "EUR 2417.E",
  institution =  "EURATOM",
  address =      "Ispra, Italy",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:25:19 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Petrone:1965:SMC,
  author =       "L. Petrone",
  title =        "Syntactic Mappings of Context-Free Languages",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "590--??",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rheinboldt:1965:IA,
  author =       "Werner C. Rheinboldt",
  title =        "Book Review: {R. Baumann, M. Feliciano, F. L. Bauer,
                 and K. Samelson, {\booktitle{Introduction to ALGOL}}}",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "89",
  pages =        "166--166",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/2004138",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0025-5718",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 11:32:15 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/mathcomp1960.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.jstor.org/stable/2004138",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Mathematics of Computation",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.ams.org/mcom/",
  subject-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980)",
}

@Article{Samet:1965:EAB,
  author =       "P. A. Samet",
  title =        "The Efficient Administration of Blocks in {Algol}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "21--23",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/8.1.21",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:33 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/1/21.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_01/080021.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_01/tiff/21.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_01/tiff/22.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_08/Issue_01/tiff/23.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@InProceedings{Schwartz:1965:PLL,
  author =       "J. I. Schwartz",
  title =        "Programming Languages for On-Line Computing",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "546--547",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:35:38 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Seegmueller:1965:PBR,
  author =       "G. Seegmueller",
  title =        "A proposal for a basis for a report on a successor to
                 {ALGOL 60}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Bavarian Academy of Science",
  address =      "Munich, West Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 07:50:44 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Strachey:1965:PIL,
  author =       "C. Strachey",
  title =        "The Problems of Incorporating List-Processing in a
                 General Purpose Programming Language",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "458--??",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Thorelli:1965:APC,
  author =       "Lars Erik Thorelli",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Contribution no. 13: Evaluation
                 of a function expression described by a numerical
                 vector",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "133--141",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01939616",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:09 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=5&issue=2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=5&issue=2&spage=133",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
  xxnote =       "Check page numbers??",
}

@InProceedings{vanderPoel:1965:RDC,
  author =       "W. L. van der Poel",
  title =        "Recent Developments in the Construction of a New
                 {ALGOL}",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "314--314",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{vanWijngaarden:1965:ODD,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden",
  title =        "Orthogonal design and description of a formal
                 language",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "MR 76",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 18 15:48:58 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.fh-jena.de/~kleine/history/languages/VanWijngaarden-MR76.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "From \cite[page 224]{Nijholt:1988:BPA}, this is the
                 first publication on two-level grammars. URL is no
                 longer accessible.",
}

@Article{Weil:1965:TUD,
  author =       "Roman L. {Weil, Jr.}",
  title =        "Testing The Understanding Of The Difference Between
                 Call By Name and Call By Value in {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "378--378",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:00 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940407",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  sjb =          "Gives a 20 line program that incorporates most of the
                 basic call-by-name and call-by-value problems with
                 ALGOL 60 procedures. The task is to fill in the blanks
                 in comments at various points with the value you think
                 the variable will have at that point. The answers are
                 given at the end.",
}

@TechReport{Wirth:1965:CDA,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth and C. A. R. Hoare",
  title =        "A Contribution to the Development of {ALGOL}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "35",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 14 17:10:58 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hoare-c-a-r.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Revised February 1966. Published in
                 \cite{Wirth:1966:CDAb}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Antony Richard Hoare (11 January 1934--5 March
                 2026); Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January
                 2024)",
  remark =       "Cited in ALGOL Bulletin {\bf 23}, page 12.",
}

@TechReport{Wirth:1965:EGAa,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth and Helmut Weber",
  title =        "{EULER}: a Generalization of {ALGOL}, and its Formal
                 Definition",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CS-TR-65-20",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 115",
  day =          "27",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:11:14 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/pub/cstr/reports/cs/tr/65/20/CS-TR-65-20.pdf;
                 http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-65-20.html",
  abstract =     "A method for defining programming languages is
                 developed which introduces a rigorous relationship
                 between structure and meaning. The structure of a
                 language is defined by a phrase structure syntax, the
                 meaning in terms of the effects which the execution of
                 a sequence of interpretation rules exerts upon a fixed
                 set of variables, called the Environment. There exists.
                 a one-to-one correspondence between syntactic rules and
                 interpretation rules, and the sequence of executed
                 interpretation rules is determined by the sequence of
                 corresponding syntactic reductions which constitute a
                 parse.\par

                 The individual interpretation rules are explained in
                 terms of an elementary and obvious algorithmic
                 notation. A constructive method for evaluating a text
                 is provided, and for certain decidable classes of
                 languages their unambiguity is proven. As an example, a
                 generalization of ALGOL is described in full detail to
                 demonstrate that concepts like block-structure,
                 procedures, parameters etc. can be defined adequately
                 and precisely by this method.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
  pdfpages =     "130",
}

@InProceedings{Wirth:1965:EGAb,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth and Helmut Weber",
  title =        "{EULER}: a Generalization of {ALGOL} and its Formal
                 Description",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "315--315",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Wirth:1965:PRS,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth",
  title =        "A Proposal for a Report on a Successor of {ALGOL 60}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "MR 75",
  institution =  "Mathematisch Centrum",
  address =      "Amsterdam, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "ii + 36",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 13 09:07:20 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "IFIP WG 2.1 Working Document.",
  URL =          "https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/9209",
  abstract =     "This paper contains in the sequel a proposal for a
                 report on a successor of ALGOL 60. It was prepared upon
                 the suggestion of the IFIP Working Group 2.1 on ALGOL,
                 and is intended to be a Working Document of WG 2.1. As
                 far as possible, i.e., without infringing on the
                 consistency of the proposed language, opinions and
                 suggestions expressed at the WG 2.1 meeting at
                 Princeton in May 1965 were used as guide lines. The
                 following are a few comments on important issues in the
                 design of the language.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-pm,
  author-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
  tableofcontents = "Introductory Comments / 1 \\
                 Contents / 7 \\
                 1. Introduction / 8 \\
                 2. The sets of basic symbols and syntactic entities /
                 11 \\
                 2.1. Basic symbols / 11 \\
                 2.2. Syntactic entities / 11 \\
                 3. Identifiers / 12 \\
                 4. Quantities, values, and types / 14 \\
                 4.1. Numbers / 15 \\
                 4.2. Logical values / 15 \\
                 4.3. Bit sequences / 15 \\
                 4.4. Strings / 16 \\
                 5. Declarations / 17 \\
                 5.1. Simple variable declarations / 17 \\
                 5.2. Tree and array declarations / 18 \\
                 5.3. Procedure declarations / 19 \\
                 6. Expressions / 21 \\
                 6.1. Variables / 22 \\
                 6.2. Function designators / 22 \\
                 6.3. Arithmetic expressions 6.4. Logical expressions /
                 25 \\
                 6.5. Bit expressions / 26 \\
                 6.6. String expressions / 27 \\
                 6.7. Tree expressions / 28 \\
                 7. Statements / 29 \\
                 7.1. Blocks / 29 \\
                 7.2. Assignment statements / 30 \\
                 7.3. Procedure statements 7.4. Goto statements / 30 \\
                 7.5. If statements / 33 \\
                 7.6. Case statements / 33 \\
                 7.7. Iterative statements / 34 \\
                 8. Standard procedures / 35",
}

@Book{Wooldridge:1965:IAPc,
  author =       "R. Wooldridge and J. F. Ratcliffe",
  title =        "An introduction to {Algol} programming",
  publisher =    "English Universities Press",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "x + 131",
  year =         "1965",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:12:45 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Applied mathematics series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1919--",
}

@Article{Zachariassen:1965:APC,
  author =       "J. Zachariassen",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Contribution no. 12: Solution of
                 systems of linear equations by {Gaussian} elimination",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "61--67",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01975724",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:08 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=5&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=5&issue=1&spage=61",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Zaremba:1965:AC,
  author =       "W. A. Zaremba",
  title =        "On {ALGOL I/O} Conventions",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "167--169",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1965",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:19:59 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  checked =      "19940404",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  sjb =          "Some (favourable) comments the proposal for
                 Input-Output in ALGOL 60",
}

@InProceedings{Zemanek:1965:IWC,
  author =       "H. Zemanek",
  title =        "{IFIP} Working Conference on Formal Language
                 Description Languages",
  crossref =     "Kalenich:1965:IPP",
  pages =        "438--??",
  year =         "1965",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Abrahams:1966:FSD,
  author =       "Paul W. Abrahams",
  title =        "A Final Solution to the Dangling {\bf else} of {ALGOL
                 60} and Related Languages",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "679--682",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/365813.365821",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:09 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0139.32904",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  ZBmath =       "3226504",
}

@Article{Asker:1966:APC,
  author =       "Bengt Asker",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Certification of contribution no.
                 10: {LPMODSIMPLEX [BIT {\bf 4}(3), 1964, pp.
                 189--196]}",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--82",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01939552",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:09 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=6&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  note =         "See
                 \cite{Josefsen:1964:APC,McKay:1972:APCa,McKay:1972:APCb}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=6&issue=1&spage=82",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@InProceedings{Auroux:1966:DMA,
  author =       "A. Auroux and B. Bellino and L. Bolliet",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings AFIPS (SJCC 1966)}",
  title =        "{Diamag}, a Multi-access System for On-line {Algol}
                 Programming",
  volume =       "28",
  publisher =    "Spartan Books",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 10:26:28 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Boussard:1966:ACC,
  author =       "J. C. Boussard",
  title =        "An {ALGOL} compiler: construction and use in relation
                 to an elaborate operating system",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "179--182",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:05 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Book{Bull:1966:CMA,
  author =       "Gordon Bull",
  title =        "Computational methods and {ALGOL}",
  publisher =    "George G. Harrap and Co., Ltd",
  address =      "London, UK\slash Toronto, ON, Canada \slash
                 Wellington, New Zealand\slash Sydney\slash NSW,
                 Australia",
  pages =        "281",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:27:18 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0173.45305",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ZBmath =       "3277068",
}

@Article{Carr:1966:BRI,
  author =       "John W. {Carr III}",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Introduction to ALGOL}} (R.
                 Baumann, M. Feliciano, F. L. Bauer and K. Samelson)}",
  journal =      j-SIAM-REVIEW,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "406--407",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "SIREAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1137/1008095",
  ISSN =         "0036-1445 (print), 1095-7200 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-1445",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 27 09:05:37 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://epubs.siam.org/toc/siread/8/3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/siamreview.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.jstor.org/stable/2028240",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "SIAM Rev.",
  fjournal =     "SIAM Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://epubs.siam.org/sirev",
  onlinedate =   "July 1966",
  subject-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980)",
}

@Book{Collins:1966:PAPi,
  author =       "J. S. (John Stuart) Collins and M. Almond",
  title =        "Principles of {Algol 60} programming",
  volume =       "7",
  publisher =    "Harrap",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "142",
  year =         "1966",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .C59",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:05 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Engineering science monographs",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Culik:1966:WTG,
  author =       "K. {\v{C}}ulik",
  title =        "Well-translatable Grammars and {ALGOL}-like
                 Languages",
  crossref =     "Steel:1966:FLD",
  pages =        "76--??",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dahl:1966:SAB,
  author =       "{Ole-Johan} Dahl and Kristen Nygaard",
  title =        "{SIMULA}, an {ALGOL}-based simulation language",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "671--678",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:09 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Distributed/QLD/Pre.1970.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper is an introduction to SIMULA, a programming
                 language designed to provide a systems analyst with
                 unified concepts which facilitate the concise
                 description of discrete event systems. A system
                 description also serves as a source language simulation
                 program. SIMULA is an extension of ALGOL 60 in which
                 the most important new concepts is that of
                 quasi-parallel processing.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  country =      "USA",
  descriptors =  "Discrete event simulation; SIMULA",
  enum =         "696",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  references =   "0",
  remark =       "First article!",
}

@Misc{Dijkstra:1966:OSAd,
  author =       "Edsger W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "{THE} operating system --- Table of the {ALGOL}
                 translator",
  howpublished = "Web archive",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 08 15:32:23 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Knuth_Don_X4100/PDF_index/k-9-pdf/k-9-c1063-4-THEOS-Translator-Table.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  remark =       "1965--66; Electrologica X8; 17.25 by 11.0 inches; 27
                 pages; blue ink notes by D. E. K.; Scanned: Oct 29,
                 2006.",
}

@Misc{Dijkstra:1966:OSAe,
  author =       "Edsger W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "{THE} operating system --- {ALGOL} lex scanner",
  howpublished = "Web archive",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 08 15:32:23 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Knuth_Don_X4100/PDF_index/KnuthDigitalArchive-Index.html#C1063-5",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  remark =       "1965--66; Electrologica X8; 17.18 by 11.0 inches; 25
                 pages; blue ink notes by D. E. K.; Scanned: Nov 5,
                 2006.",
}

@InProceedings{Duncan:1966:OUM,
  author =       "F. G. Duncan",
  title =        "Our Ultimate Metalanguage",
  crossref =     "Steel:1966:FLD",
  pages =        "295--??",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fischer:1966:BRK,
  author =       "K. Fischer",
  title =        "Book Report: {K. Nicot, Elementary Programming and
                 Algol}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "376--376",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 15 17:04:26 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Galler:1966:PDA,
  author =       "B. A. Galler and A. J. Perlis",
  title =        "A proposal for definitions in {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "481--482",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:07 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@InProceedings{Garwick:1966:DPL,
  author =       "J. V. Garwick",
  title =        "The Definition of Programming Languages by their
                 Compilers",
  crossref =     "Steel:1966:FLD",
  pages =        "139--??",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Garwick:1966:RAX,
  author =       "J. V. Garwick and J. M. Merner and P. Z. Ingerman and
                 M. Paul",
  title =        "Report on the {ALGOL X I-O Subcommittee W.G. 2.1}",
  type =         "Working paper",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  pub-IFIP,
  address =      pub-IFIP:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:15:40 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "This is the first reference in
                 \cite{vanWijngaarden:1981:RRA} in algol-bulletin.bib,
                 but it is also cited elsewhere as year 1967
                 \cite{Garwick:1967:RAX}. Were there annual updates? No
                 electronic version has yet been found to complete the
                 missing metadata in this entry.",
}

@Article{Gautschi:1966:AD,
  author =       "Walter Gautschi",
  title =        "{Algorithm 282}: {Derivatives} of $ e^x / x $, $ \cos
                 (x) / x $, and $ \sin (x) / x $",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "272--272",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:05 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See remark \cite{Gautschi:1970:RAD}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "$\cos(x)/x$; $\sin(x)/x$; $e^x/x$; elementary
                 functions",
}

@Article{Geppert:1966:BBJ,
  author =       "M. G. Geppert",
  title =        "{Buchbesprechung: Backus, J. W., F. L. Bauer, J.
                 Green, C. Katz, J. McCarthy, P. Naur, A. J. Perlis, H.
                 Rutishauser, K. Samelson, B. Vauquois, J. H. Wegstein,
                 A. Van Wijngarden und M. Woodger: \booktitle{Bericht
                 {\"u}ber die algorithmische Sprache Algol 60}.
                 (\booktitle{Report on the algorithmic language Algol
                 60}. {\"U}bers. Kerner J. O. u. Mitarb.).
                 Akademie-Verlag Berlin 1962. vi + 49 S., Preis MDN
                 10,50}",
  journal =      j-BIOMETRISCHE-Z,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1-2",
  pages =        "121--121",
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "BIZEB3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.19660080111",
  ISSN =         "0006-3452",
  bibdate =      "Sun Aug 23 10:58:38 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Biometrische Zeitschrift",
  subject-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10
                 November 1970); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25
                 May 1980)",
}

@InProceedings{Ginsburg:1966:SAL,
  author =       "S. Ginsburg",
  title =        "A Survey of {ALGOL}-like and Context-free Language
                 Theory",
  crossref =     "Steel:1966:FLD",
  pages =        "86--??",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Gorn:1966:LNL,
  author =       "S. Gorn",
  title =        "Language Naming Languages in Prefix Form",
  crossref =     "Steel:1966:FLD",
  pages =        "249--??",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hellgren:1966:APC,
  author =       "Bo Hellgren",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Contribution no. 18: Procedures
                 for simplifying {Boolean} expressions",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "260--269",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01934357",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:09 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=6&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=6&issue=3&spage=260",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Book{Herschel:1966:APG,
  author =       "R. Herschel",
  title =        "{Anleitung zum praktischen Gebrauch von ALGOL}.
                 ({German}) [{Instructions} for practical use of
                 {ALGOL}]",
  publisher =    pub-OLDENBOURG,
  address =      pub-OLDENBOURG:adr,
  pages =        "162",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:29:32 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Hoare:1966:PSA,
  author =       "C. A. R. Hoare and N. Wirth",
  title =        "A proposal for a Successor to {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1966",
  DOI =          "????",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 16 07:51:20 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hoare-c-a-r.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "????",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Antony Richard Hoare (11 January 1934--5 March
                 2026); Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January
                 2024)",
  remark =       "Cited in ALGOL Bulletin {\bf 24} 27 September (1966),
                 but not found in ACM Portal database. Perhaps another
                 paper \cite{Wirth:1966:CDAb} is meant?",
}

@InProceedings{Ingerman:1966:PTP,
  author =       "P. Z. Ingerman",
  title =        "The Parameterization of the Translation Process",
  crossref =     "Steel:1966:FLD",
  pages =        "221--??",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Ingerman:1966:SOT,
  author =       "P. Z. Ingerman",
  title =        "A Syntax-oriented Translator",
  publisher =    pub-ACADEMIC,
  address =      pub-ACADEMIC:adr,
  pages =        "131",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:28:45 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Iturriaga:1966:FCW,
  author =       "R. Iturriaga and T. A. Standish and R. A. Krutar and
                 J. C. Earley",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings {AFIP} Spring Joint Computer Conference",
  title =        "Formal Compiler Writing System {FSL} to Implement a
                 Formula {ALGOL} Compiler",
  publisher =    pub-IFIP,
  address =      pub-IFIP:adr,
  pages =        "241--252",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:32:01 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Iturriaga:1966:TAU,
  author =       "R. Iturriaga and T. A. Standish and R. A. Krutar and
                 J. C. Earley",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings {AFIP} Spring Joint Computer Conference",
  title =        "Techniques and Advantages of Using the Formal Compiler
                 Writing System {FSL} to Implement a {Formula Algol}
                 Compiler",
  publisher =    pub-IFIP,
  address =      pub-IFIP:adr,
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 12 18:17:54 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
}

@Book{Kerner:1966:EAG,
  author =       "I. Kerner and G. Zielke",
  title =        "{Einf{\"u}hrung in ALGOL}. ({German}) [{Introduction}
                 to {ALGOL}]",
  publisher =    pub-TEUBNER,
  address =      pub-TEUBNER:adr,
  pages =        "283",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:26:01 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Kurtz:1966:DA,
  author =       "Shulom Kurtz",
  title =        "In defense of {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "135--135",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:05 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@InProceedings{Landin:1966:FDA,
  author =       "P. J. Landin",
  title =        "A Formal Description of {ALGOL 60}",
  crossref =     "Steel:1966:FLD",
  pages =        "266--??",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@PhdThesis{LePalmec:1966:EDL,
  author =       "J. {Le Palmec}",
  title =        "{{\'E}}tude d'un langage interm{\'e}diaire pour la
                 compilation d'{Algol 60}: application {\`a} un
                 calculateur de type microprogramm{\'e}. ({French})
                 [{Study} of an intermediate language for the
                 compilation of {Algol 60}: application to a
                 microprogrammed type calculator]",
  school =       "????",
  address =      "????",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 10:06:39 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Book{Marcovitz:1966:IAM,
  author =       "Alan B. Marcovitz and Earl J. (Earl Justin) Schweppe",
  title =        "An Introduction to Algorithmic Methods Using the {MAD}
                 Language",
  publisher =    pub-MACMILLAN,
  address =      pub-MACMILLAN:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 433",
  year =         "1966",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .M321",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:27:46 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{McCarthy:1966:FDS,
  author =       "J. McCarthy",
  title =        "A Formal Description of a Subset of {ALGOL}",
  crossref =     "Steel:1966:FLD",
  pages =        "1--??",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{McKeeman:1966:ACL,
  author =       "W. M. McKeeman",
  title =        "An Approach to Computer Language Design",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-66-48 (AD0639166, SS639-166)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "iv + 124",
  day =          "31",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 21 14:21:14 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD0639166",
  abstract =     "The problem of an extendable compiler is approached by
                 attempting to simplify the methods of generating a
                 compiler and by designing a basic language upon which
                 to build. A context-free grammar is required as the
                 initial input to a syntax preprocessor which produces
                 syntactic analysis tables for the extendable compiler.
                 A formal mathematical description of a class of
                 analysis algorithms, two new syntax preprocessor
                 algorithms, and theorems concerning the behavior of the
                 algorithms and the nature of the acceptable grammars
                 are given. The EULER development of Wirth and Weber
                 EULER A generalization of Algol and its formal
                 definition. Technical report, CS20 is carried to a more
                 concise and powerful form. We advocate languages that
                 are minimal and involuted. A minimal language combines
                 into a single construct any two conceptually similar
                 but notationally different constructs. An involuted
                 language avoids constructs that are applicable only in
                 local context. Control over the flow of execution
                 within a program is obtained that is sufficiently
                 complete so that the traditional label and go-to
                 statement can be discarded as irrelevant. An extendable
                 compiler is presented that is written in the kernel
                 language itself. Conclusions are that the precedence
                 grammar techniques are efficient and useful. Further
                 improvement could make them substantially superior to
                 other methods of compiler generation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "132",
  remark =       "This is the author's thesis. From the Acknowledgments:
                 ``I am well aware that I, as the first student to enter
                 the Computer Science curriculum for the Ph.D. at
                 Stanford, have received more than my share of help and
                 advice. I wish to express my gratitude to Professor
                 Niklaus Wirth, upon whose work the major part of this
                 paper is based. Professor Wirth has been a patient and
                 gentle critic as well as a constant source of ideas.
                 Professor George Forsythe, who first introduced me to
                 the intricacies of automatic computation, has been
                 extremely generous with his time.'' The abstract is
                 missing from the PDF file, and the contents found seem
                 to be partially jumbled. The abstract in the DTIC PDF
                 file front matter seems to be supplied independently of
                 the thesis, and has no similarity to the one from
                 Stanford.",
}

@InProceedings{Nivat:1966:CDA,
  author =       "M. Nivat and N. Nolin",
  title =        "Contribution to the Definition of {ALGOL} Semantics",
  crossref =     "Steel:1966:FLD",
  pages =        "148--159",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Parnas:1966:FPM,
  author =       "David L. Parnas",
  title =        "On facilitating parallel and multiprocessing in
                 {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "257--257",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:05 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Parnas:1966:LDF,
  author =       "David L. Parnas",
  title =        "A Language for Describing the Functions of Synchronous
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "72--76",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:04 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/arch.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "SFD-ALGOL",
  abstract =     "Before the design of a system is started, the exact
                 function desired of it should be specified. It is
                 suggested that a computer-oriented language be used for
                 this purpose. The inadequacies of the standard
                 programming languages for the description of systems
                 are discussed, and a dialect of ALGOL which is suitable
                 for describing synchronous systems is introduced. These
                 descriptions can be used for simulation and automatic
                 design of the system described, in addition to
                 communicating system specifications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Parnas:1966:STA,
  author =       "David L. Parnas",
  title =        "State table analysis of programs in an {ALGOL}-like
                 language",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "481--481",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:07 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@TechReport{Perlis:1966:DFAa,
  author =       "Alan J. Perlis and Renato Iturriaga and Thomas A.
                 Standish",
  title =        "A definition of {Formula ALGOL}",
  institution =  "Carnegie Mellon University",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  pages =        "53 (unnumbered)",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1966",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1184/R1/6587342",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://kilthub.cmu.edu/articles/journal_contribution/A_definition_of_formula_ALGOL/6587342",
  abstract =     "Formula Algol is an extension to ALGOL 60
                 incorporating formula manipulation and list processing.
                 This paper defines a current version of the Formula
                 Algol language which is implemented on the CDC
                 [formerly, Bendix] G-20.",
  author-dates = "Alan Jay Perlis (1 April 1922--7 February 1990)",
}

@Article{Perlis:1966:DFAb,
  author =       "Alan J. Perlis and Renato Iturriaga and Thomas A.
                 Standish",
  title =        "A definition of {Formula ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "549--549",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/365758.3292487",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 11 18:24:19 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Alan Jay Perlis (1 April 1922--7 February 1990)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  numpages =     "1",
  remark =       "This is a short summary; see \cite{Perlis:1966:DFA}
                 for the full paper.",
}

@Article{Pike:1966:ALG,
  author =       "M. C. Pike and I. D. Hill",
  title =        "{Algorithm 291}: {Logarithm} of Gamma Function",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "684--684",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:09 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "$\log(\Gamma(x))$; special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Short Algol procedure valid only for $ x >
                 0 $. Accurate to 10 digits.",
}

@Article{Ruhe:1966:APE,
  author =       "Axel Ruhe",
  title =        "{Algol} programming: Eigenvalues of a complex matrix
                 by the {$ Q R $}-method",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "350--358",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01966096",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:09 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=6&issue=4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/ruhe-axel.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=6&issue=4&spage=350",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Ryan:1966:CSI,
  author =       "J. L. Ryan and R. L. Crandall and M. C. Medwedeff",
  key =          "Ryan, et al.",
  title =        "A Conversational System for Incremental Compilation
                 and Execution \& in a Time-sharing Environment",
  journal =      "fjcc",
  pages =        "1--21",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 30 16:10:59 1984",
  bibsource =    "Compiler/compiler.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "The design of the Conversational Compiler System (CCS,
                 implemented on a SDS 940 TSS) is predicated on the
                 attainment of a conversational interface, multilanguage
                 ability (FORTRAN IV and ALGOL), incremental compilation
                 and execution, language oriented program debugging,
                 multiple mode execution (debugging and production),
                 common internal format (compiles into Pseudo Machine
                 Code (PMC)), multiple mode program storage (either
                 symbolic form, internal form, or combined), re-enterent
                 characteristics, and user aid (rapid answer-back of
                 error diagnostics and of English questions.)",
}

@Book{Schaefler:1966:CAP,
  author =       "G. F. Schaefler",
  title =        "A Course in {ALGOL} Programming",
  publisher =    pub-MACMILLAN,
  address =      pub-MACMILLAN:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 201",
  year =         "1966",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73 .A03 .S294",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:23:54 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxauthor =     "G. F. Schaeffer",
}

@InProceedings{Steel:1966:FSP,
  author =       "T. B. {Steel, Jr.}",
  title =        "A Formalization of Semantics for Programming Language
                 Description",
  crossref =     "Steel:1966:FLD",
  pages =        "25--??",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 06:02:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Stetter:1966:BRJb,
  author =       "H. J. Stetter",
  title =        "Book Review: {J. Hawgood, Numerical Methods in
                 ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "373--373",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 15 17:04:26 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Svejgaard:1966:APC,
  author =       "Bj. Svejgaard",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Contribution no. 17: List
                 Processing",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "164--175",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01933109",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:09 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=6&issue=2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=6&issue=2&spage=164",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Theissen:1966:AUBa,
  author =       "E. Theissen",
  title =        "{Automatische Umwandlung von BELL-Programmen in
                 ALGOL-Programme}. ({German}) [{Automatic} Conversion
                 from {BELL} Programs to {ALGOL} Programs]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "354--357",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 15 17:04:26 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Theissen:1966:AUBb,
  author =       "E. Theissen",
  title =        "{Algorithmus $3$: Umwandlung von BELL-Programmen in
                 ALGOL-Programme}. ({German}) [{Algorithm} $3$:
                 Conversion from {BELL} Programs to {ALGOL} Programs]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "358--358",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 17 09:36:43 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  language =     "German",
  xxnote =       "Check pages?? Should it be 358--367??",
}

@Article{Tienari:1966:SPM,
  author =       "M. Tienari and V. Suokonautio",
  title =        "A Set of Procedures Making Real Arithmetic of
                 Unlimited Accuracy Possible Within {Algol 60}",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "332--338",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01966093",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:09 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 garbo.uwasa.fi:/pc/doc-soft/fpbiblio.txt;
                 http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=6&issue=4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=6&issue=4&spage=332",
  acknowledgement = ack-nj # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Trundle:1966:LAL,
  author =       "R. W. L. Trundle",
  title =        "{LITHP} --- an {ALGOL} list processor",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "167--172",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/9.2.167",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:36 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/2/167.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_02/090167.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_02/tiff/167.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_02/tiff/168.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_02/tiff/169.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_02/tiff/170.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_02/tiff/171.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_02/tiff/172.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@TechReport{vanWijngaarden:1966:DPA,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden and B. J. Mailloux",
  title =        "A draft proposal for the algorithmic language {ALGOL
                 X}",
  type =         "WG 2.1 Working Paper",
  number =       "47 (Warsaw 2)",
  institution =  pub-IFIP,
  address =      pub-IFIP:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 18 15:53:38 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{vanWijngaarden:1966:NAI,
  author =       "Adriaan van Wijngaarden",
  title =        "Numerical Analysis as an Independent Science",
  journal =      j-NORDISK-TIDSKR-INFORM-BEHAND,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "66--81",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01939551",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:09 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=6&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=6&issue=1&spage=66",
  abstract =     "The paper describes how a number of well-known
                 mathematical concepts ought to be modified in order to
                 make sense within the scope of numerical analysis. It
                 is also shown how obvious difficulties can be overcome
                 in a logical way. All algorithms suggested are given as
                 ALGOL procedures.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
  remark =       "Cited in \cite{Sterbenz:1974:FPC}.",
}

@Article{Varah:1966:CPA,
  author =       "J. M. Varah",
  title =        "Certification of {Parlett}'s {ALGOL} Eigenvalue
                 Procedure {$ \operatorname {Eig} $} 3 (in {Technical
                 Notes and Short Papers})",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "95",
  pages =        "437--438",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718 (print), 1088-6842 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0025-5718",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:06:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/parlett-beresford-n.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/mathcomp1960.bib;
                 JSTOR database",
  URL =          "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/mathcomp1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Math. Comput.",
  author-dates = "Beresford Neill Parlett (4 July 1932--7 February
                 2026)",
  fjournal =     "Mathematics of Computation",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.ams.org/mcom/",
}

@TechReport{Varah:1966:ERM,
  author =       "James M. Varah",
  title =        "Eigenvectors of a real matrix by inverse iteration",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CS-TR-66-34",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:11:14 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-66-34.html",
  abstract =     "This report contains the description and listing of an
                 ALGOL 60 program which calculates the eigenvectors of
                 an arbitrary real matrix, using the technique of
                 inverse iteration.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "26",
}

@Article{Veinott:1966:PDT,
  author =       "Cyril G. Veinott",
  title =        "Programming decision tables in {FORTRAN}, {COBOL} or
                 {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "31--35",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:04 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@TechReport{Wirth:1966:CDAa,
  author =       "N. Wirth and C. Hoare",
  title =        "A Contribution to the Development of {ALGOL}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-66-35 (PB176758)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "64",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1966",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/365696.365702",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 21 14:21:14 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hoare-c-a-r.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Antony Richard Hoare (11 January 1934--5 March
                 2026); Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January
                 2024)",
  remark =       "No PDF in NTRL archive. Published in
                 \cite{Wirth:1966:CDAb}.",
}

@Article{Wirth:1966:CDAb,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth and C. A. R. Hoare",
  title =        "A Contribution to the Development of {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "413--432",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/365696.365702",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:07 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/reynolds.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hoare-c-a-r.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See errata \cite{Wirth:1966:ECD}. This is the defining
                 document for the Algol W language; see
                 \cite{Bauer:1969:AWI}.",
  abstract =     "A programming language similar in many respects to
                 ALGOL 60, but incorporating a large number of
                 improvements based on six years' experience with that
                 language, is described in detail. Part I consists of an
                 introduction to the new language and a summary of the
                 changes made to ALGOL 60, together with a discussion of
                 the motives behind the revisions. Part II is a rigorous
                 definition of the proposed language. Part III describes
                 a set of proposed standard procedures to be used with
                 the language, including facilities for input/output.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Antony Richard Hoare (11 January 1934--5 March
                 2026); Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January
                 2024)",
  checked =      "4 September 1990",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  numpages =     "20",
  remark =       "From \cite[page 224]{Nijholt:1988:BPA}, this proposal
                 became known as Algol W.",
}

@Article{Wirth:1966:ECD,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth and C. A. R. Hoare",
  title =        "Errata: {``A Contribution to the Development of
                 ALGOL''}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "878--878",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/365916.365942",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 08 10:01:50 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hoare-c-a-r.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Wirth:1966:CDAb}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Antony Richard Hoare (11 January 1934--5 March
                 2026); Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January
                 2024)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Wirth:1966:EEG,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth and Helmut Weber",
  title =        "Errata: {``EULER: a generalization of ALGOL and it
                 formal definition: Part 1''}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "878--878",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/365916.365942",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 08 10:01:50 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Wirth:1966:EGAa}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Wirth:1966:EGAa,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth and Helmut Weber",
  title =        "{EULER}: a Generalization of {ALGOL} and Its Formal
                 Definition: {Part 1}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13--25",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/365153.365162",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:04 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See errata \cite{Wirth:1966:EEG}.",
  ZMnumber =     "0141.14302",
  abstract =     "A method for defining programming languages is
                 developed which introduces a rigorous relationship
                 between structure and meaning. The structure of a
                 language is defined by a phrase structure syntax, the
                 meaning in terms of the effects which the execution of
                 a sequence of interpretation rules exerts upon a fixed
                 set of variables, called the Environment. There exists
                 a one-to-one correspondence between syntactic rules and
                 interpretation rules, and the sequence of executed
                 interpretation rules is determined by the sequence of
                 corresponding syntactic reductions which constitute a
                 parse. The individual interpretation rules are
                 explained in terms of an elementary and obvious
                 algorithmic notation. A constructive method for
                 evaluating a text is provided, and for certain
                 decidable classes of languages their unambiguity is
                 proved. As an example, a generalization of ALGOL is
                 described in full detail to demonstrate that concepts
                 like block-structure, procedures, parameters, etc. can
                 be defined adequately and precisely by this method.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  numpages =     "13",
  ZBmath =       "3227505",
}

@Article{Wirth:1966:EGAb,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth and Helmut Weber",
  title =        "{EULER}: a Generalization of {ALGOL}, and Its Formal
                 Definition: {Part II}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "89--99",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1966",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/365170.365202",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:04 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0141.14302",
  abstract =     "In this section the algorithmic language EULER is
                 described first informally and then formally by its
                 syntax and semantics. An attempt has been made to
                 generalize and extend some of the concepts of ALGOL,
                 thus creating a language which is simpler and yet more
                 flexible than ALGOL 60. A second objective in
                 developing this language was to show that a useful
                 programming language which can be processed with
                 reasonable efficiency can be defined in rigorous
                 formality.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  numpages =     "11",
  ZBmath =       "3227505",
}

@InProceedings{Wirth:1966:EGAc,
  author =       "N. Wirth and H. Weber",
  booktitle =    "Information Processing, Proceedings of the {IFIP
                 Congress, New York City, 1965}",
  title =        "{Euler}: a generalization of {ALGOL} and its formal
                 description",
  publisher =    pub-AFIPS,
  address =      pub-AFIPS:adr,
  pages =        "315--316",
  year =         "1966",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:30:16 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0161.36406",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ZBmath =       "3258605",
}

@InCollection{Wirth:1966:IFA,
  author =       "N. Wirth",
  editor =       "Anthony Ralston and Herbert S. Wilf",
  booktitle =    "Mathematical Methods for Digital Computers",
  title =        "An Introduction to {FORTRAN} and {ALGOL} Programming",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "5--33",
  year =         "1966",
  ISBN =         "0-471-70690-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-70690-8",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:35:00 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "TO DO: Check: the book appears under different editors
                 and years --- find correct metadata.",
}

@Book{Wooldridge:1966:IAP,
  author =       "Roylance Wooldridge and John Fuller Ratcliffe",
  title =        "An introduction to {ALGOL} programming",
  publisher =    "English Universities Press",
  address =      "London, UK",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "x + 173",
  year =         "1966",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .W6 1966",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:12:45 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Applied mathematics series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); ALGOL (Langage de
                 programmation); ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Manual{Asmussen:1967:MGA,
  author =       "Tove Asmussen and J{\o}rn Jensen and S{\o}ren Lauesen
                 and Paul Lindgreen and Per Mondrup and Peter Naur and
                 J{\o}rgen Zachariassen",
  title =        "A Manual of {Gier Algol 4}",
  organization = "Regnecentralen",
  address =      "Copenhagen, Denmark",
  pages =        "89",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 08 09:20:57 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bjorck:1967:API,
  author =       "{\AA}ke Bj{\"o}rck and Gene H. Golub",
  title =        "{Algol} programming: Iterative Refinement of Linear
                 Least Squares Solutions by {Householder}
                 Transformation",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "322--337",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01939326",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:10 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Theory/gvl.bib;
                 http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=7&issue=4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/golub-gene-h.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/householder-alston-s.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg-2ed.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=7&issue=4&spage=322",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Gene Howard Golub (February 29, 1932--November 16,
                 2007)",
  fjournal =     "BIT (Nordisk tidskrift for informationsbehandling)",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
  keywords =     "nla, lsq, iterative refinement, Householder
                 transformation",
}

@InProceedings{Bolliet:1967:DMA,
  author =       "L. Bolliet and A. Auroux and J. Bellino",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the {AFIP} 1967 Spring Joint Computer
                 Conference",
  title =        "{DIAMAG}: A Multi-access System for Online {ALGOL}
                 Programming",
  volume =       "30",
  publisher =    pub-AFIPS,
  address =      pub-AFIPS:adr,
  pages =        "547--552",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 3 13:39:38 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bond:1967:AAF,
  author =       "Gillian Bond and M. L. V. Pitteway",
  title =        "{Algorithm 301}: {Airy} Function",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "291--292",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:13 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "Airy functions; special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: 100-line Algol program for $ \operatorname
                 {Ai} $, $ \operatorname {Bi} $. and their
                 derivatives.",
}

@InCollection{Bottenbruch:1967:SUA,
  author =       "H. Bottenbruch",
  title =        "1.6. Structure and Use of {ALGOL 60}",
  crossref =     "Klerer:1967:DCU",
  pages =        "1--181--1--238",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 16:11:43 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Broise:1967:YAI,
  author =       "P. Broise",
  title =        "Yazyk {ALGOL} iego primeneniek zadacha missledovaniya
                 operatsi{\u{\i}}. ({Russian}) [{The} {ALGOL} Language
                 and Its Application to Operations Research Problems]",
  publisher =    "Biblioteka po {Avtomatike}",
  address =      "Moscow, USSR",
  pages =        "96",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 17:33:32 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Translated from the French by T. I. Shile{\u\i}ko, M.
                 D. Pchelineeva, Z. N. Nikol'ski{\u\i} and M. N.
                 Nikol'ski{\u\i}. Edited by A. V. Shile{\u\i}ko",
  ZMnumber =     "0158.34703",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "68N01,68-01,90-04",
  language =     "Russian",
  xxlanguage =   "French",
  ZBmath =       "3255192",
}

@TechReport{Christ:1967:PFT,
  author =       "H. Christ",
  title =        "{Prozeduren f{\"u}r Triplexrechnungen in Algol X8}.
                 ({German}) [{Procedures} for triplex calculations in
                 {Algol X8}]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Rechenzentrum, Universit{\"a}t Karlsruhe",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, West Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
  language =     "German",
}

@PhdThesis{Colmerauer:1967:PAS,
  author =       "Alain Colmerauer",
  title =        "Pr{\'e}c{\'e}dence, Analyse syntaxique et langages de
                 programmation. ({French}) [{Precedence}, Syntactic
                 Analysis and Programming Languages]",
  type =         "doctorat d'{\'E}tat",
  school =       "Universit{\'e} de Grenoble",
  address =      "Grenoble, France",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 10:58:56 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@TechReport{deBakker:1967:FDP,
  author =       "Jacobus Willem de Bakker",
  title =        "Formal definition of programming languages: with an
                 application to the definition of {ALGOL 60}",
  volume =       "16",
  type =         "Report",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "207",
  day =          "1",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1967",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .B25",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 06 08:04:38 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Duncan:1967:ABNa,
  author =       "F. G. Duncan",
  title =        "{ALGOL} bulletin no. 25",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1--30",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1139522.1139526",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 27 07:18:32 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1960.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1139522.1139526",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@Article{Duncan:1967:ABNb,
  author =       "F. G. Duncan",
  title =        "{ALGOL Bulletin} no. 26",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1--49",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1139498.1139500",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 27 07:18:33 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1960.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1139498.1139500",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  remark =       "Reprint of entire number 26.",
}

@TechReport{Earley:1967:FAM,
  author =       "Jay Earley",
  title =        "{Formula ALGOL} manual",
  institution =  "Carnegie Mellon University",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  pages =        "vi + 155 (unnumbered)",
  day =          "26",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1967",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1184/R1/6605840",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 12 17:40:33 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://figshare.com/articles/Formula_ALGOL_manual_by_Jay_Earley_/6605840",
  abstract =     "Formula Algol is an extension of Algol 60 [1]
                 incorporating formula manipulation and list processing.
                 This manual describes the use of the version of Formula
                 Algol which is presently running at Carnegie-Mellon
                 University.",
  keywords =     "89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere
                 classified, FOS: Computer and information sciences",
  subject-dates = "Alan Jay Perlis (1 April 1922--7 February 1990)",
  tableofcontents = "Title Page / i \\
                 Abstract / ii \\
                 Table of Contents / iii \\
                 \\
                 I: --- Introduction / 1 \\
                 General Description of Formula Algol / 1 \\
                 History and Implementation / 2 \\
                 Acknowledgments / 2 \\
                 Introduction to the Manual / 3 \\
                 Introduction of Formula Algol Programming / 3 \\
                 \\
                 II: --- Numeric Processing / 13 \\
                 Symbols / 13 \\
                 Decimal Constants / 14 \\
                 Octal Constants / 14 \\
                 Identifiers / 16 \\
                 Variables / 17 \\
                 Logic Expressions / 18 \\
                 The Precedence of Operators and Relations In Formula
                 Algol / 20 \\
                 Standard Functions / 21 \\
                 Assignment Statements / 21 \\
                 Conditional Statements / 21 \\
                 Labels and GO TO Statements / 22 \\
                 FOR Statements / 22 \\
                 Arrays / 23 \\
                 Procedures and Block Structure / 23 \\
                 III: --- Formula Manipulation / 25 \\
                 FORM Variables / 25 \\
                 FORM Arrays / 25 \\
                 Formula Expressions / 26 \\
                 Formal Definition of VAL (E) / 27 \\
                 Evaluation of Formulae / 32 \\
                 Formula Patterns / 37 \\
                 Transformed Formulae / 43 \\
                 Precedence of Formula Operators / 47 \\
                 Special Functions / 47 \\
                 IV: --- List Processing / 49 \\
                 SYMBOL Variables / 49 \\
                 SYMBOL Arrays / 49 \\
                 Symbolic Expressions / 49 \\
                 Lists / 51 \\
                 Assignment Statements / 52 \\
                 Description Lists / 53 \\
                 Selection Expressions / 55 \\
                 List Patterns / 58 \\
                 Class Tests / 61 \\
                 Push Down and Pop Up Statements / 61 \\
                 Additional FOR Statements / 62 \\
                 Editing Statements / 64 \\
                 Special Functions / 66 \\
                 Appendix I --- Revised Report on the Algorithmic
                 Language ALGOL 60 / 69 \\
                 Summary / 69 \\
                 Contents / 69 \\
                 Introduction / 70 \\
                 Description of the Reference Language / 71 \\
                 Alphabetic Index of Definitions of Concepts and
                 Syntactic Units / 84 \\
                 Appendix 2 --- Current System Limits / 87 \\
                 Appendix 3 --- Debug Snapshots / 89 \\
                 Appendix 4 --- Error Messages / 93 \\
                 Syntax Errors / 93 \\
                 Semantic Errors / 96 \\
                 Run Errors / 99 \\
                 Appendix V --- Input-Output / 105 \\
                 Appendix VI --- Syntax Index / 109 \\
                 Syntax Classes / 109 \\
                 Reserved Words / 111 \\
                 Appendix VII --- Complete Examples / 113 \\
                 I Markov Algorithm Solution / 113 \\
                 II Recursive Solution / 114 \\
                 III Iterative Solution / 114 \\
                 IV Comparison of the Three Solutions / 115 \\
                 Sample Program / 117 \\
                 Appendix VIII --- Current System Bugs / 121 \\
                 References / 125",
  xxpublisher =  "Figshare",
}

@Article{Froberg:1967:APC,
  author =       "Carl-Erik Fr{\"o}berg and Arne Sundstr{\"o}m",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Contribution no. 20: {Smith}'s
                 normal form",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "163--169",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01934279",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:10 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=7&issue=2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=7&issue=2&spage=163",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Galler:1967:PDA,
  author =       "B. A. Galler and A. J. Perlis",
  title =        "A proposal for definitions in {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "204--219",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:12 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@TechReport{Garwick:1967:RAX,
  author =       "J. V. Garwick and J. M. Merner and P. Z. Ingerman and
                 M. Paul",
  title =        "Report on the {ALGOL X I-O Subcommittee W.G. 2.1}",
  type =         "Working paper",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  pub-IFIP,
  address =      pub-IFIP:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:15:40 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Is this a duplicate of \cite{Garwick:1966:RAX}, or a
                 revised version?",
}

@TechReport{Golub:1967:CAC,
  author =       "Gene H. Golub and Lyle B. Smith",
  title =        "{Chebyshev} approximation of continuous functions by a
                 {Chebyshev} system of functions",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-67-72 (PB175581)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "54",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:11:14 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/golub-gene-h.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-67-72.html",
  abstract =     "The second algorithm of Remez can be used to compute
                 the minimax approximation to a function, $ f(x) $, by a
                 linear combination of functions, $ {\{ Q_i (x) \} }^N_O
                 $, which form a Chebyshev system. The only restriction
                 on the function to be approximated is that it be
                 continuous on a finite interval $ [a, b] $. An Algol 60
                 procedure is given which will accomplish the
                 approximation. This implementation of the second
                 algorithm of Remez is quite general in that the
                 continuity of $ f(x) $ is all that is required whereas
                 previous implementations have required
                 differentiability, that the end points of the interval
                 be ``critical points,'' and that the number of
                 ``critical points'' be exactly $ N + 2 $. Discussion of
                 the method used and its numerical properties is given
                 as well as some computational examples of the use of
                 the algorithm. The use of orthogonal polynomials (which
                 change at each iteration) as the Chebyshev system is
                 also discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Gene Howard Golub (February 29, 1932--November 16,
                 2007)",
  pdfpages =     "60",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-67-72",
}

@TechReport{Golub:1967:LSS,
  author =       "Gene H. Golub and Peter Businger",
  title =        "Least Squares, Singular Values and Matrix
                 Approximations (and an {ALGOL} Procedure for Computing
                 the Singular Value Decomposition)",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-67-73 (AD662883)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "i + 22",
  day =          "31",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 21 14:21:14 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/golub-gene-h.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/html/tr/AD0662883",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Gene Howard Golub (February 29, 1932--November 16,
                 2007)",
  pdfpages =     "23",
  remark =       "No abstract is available.",
}

@TechReport{Goos:1967:APA,
  author =       "G. Goos and H. Scheidig and G. Seegm{\"u}ller and H.
                 Walther",
  title =        "Another proposal for {ALGOL 67}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "6704",
  institution =  "Bavarian Academy of Science",
  address =      "Munich, West Germany",
  pages =        "111",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:17:46 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://softwarepreservation.computerhistory.org/ALGOL/report/Goos-et_al-Another_Proposal_for_ALGOL67.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Grau:1967:TA,
  author =       "A. A. Grau and U. Hill and H. Langmaack",
  title =        "Translation of {ALGOL 60}",
  volume =       "137",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 403",
  year =         "1967",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86937-2",
  ISBN =         "3-642-86937-8 (e-book), 3-642-86939-4 (print)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-642-86937-2 (e-book), 978-3-642-86939-6
                 (print)",
  ISSN =         "0072-7830 (print), 2196-9701 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0072-7830",
  LCCN =         "QA1-939",
  MRclass =      "68-00",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 21 08:18:15 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/householder-alston-s.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Handbook for Automatic Computation",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-642-86937-2",
  ZMnumber =     "0183.18902",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Problem oriented programming languages as they have
                 developed over the last ten years essentially serve two
                 purposes which somewhat crudely can be described by the
                 terms man-man communication and man-machine
                 communication, respectively. As a carrier of
                 information between humans, the problem oriented
                 programming language is designed to express the essence
                 of an algorithm in a way which is un? ambiguous and
                 concise as well as independent of (and therefore
                 meaning? ful without any reference to) the changing
                 details of computing machine? ry. As a carrier of
                 information from man to computer, the language permits
                 the human programmer to express his computational needs
                 in a compact way adapted to the general characteristics
                 of computers, but freed from the burdening details of
                 specific computer facilities. This presupposes the
                 existence of algorithms, or programs, which permit the
                 computer itself to transform efficiently programs
                 written in the problem oriented language into machine
                 programs. Thus the entire computing community profits
                 from the work of the individual programmer. The primary
                 purpose of the Handbook is to present a set of
                 algorithms of broad utility from the domain of
                 numerical mathematics written in the problem oriented
                 language ALGOL 60. Therefore, volumes I a and I b are
                 in a sense supplementary as they serve to introduce
                 this language. Volume I a gives a description of the
                 language proper and of its use for writing correct
                 programs. Thus, volume I a primarily covers the aspect
                 of man-man communication by means of ALGOL 60.",
  series-editor = "Friedrich L. Bauer and Alston S. Householder and
                 Frank W. J. Olver and Heinz Rutishauser and Klaus
                 Samelson and Eduard Stiefel",
  subject =      "Mathematics; Mathematics, general; Mathematik",
  subject-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980)",
  tableofcontents = "1. Introduction \\
                 2. Principles of Algol translation \\
                 2.1. Basic linguistic definitions \\
                 2.2. The Backus normal form \\
                 2.3. The analyzing process \\
                 2.4. The method of the 'Klammergebirge' \\
                 2.5. Recursive sequential methods and push down lists
                 \\
                 2.6. Example for the use of two push down lists and of
                 precedence rules \\
                 2.7. The concept of recursive translation \\
                 2.8. Organization of the translator \\
                 3. Languages involved in the translation process \\
                 3.1. Source language \\
                 3.2. Target language \\
                 3.3. Meta-language for describing the translator \\
                 4. Correspondence between elements of source and target
                 language \\
                 4.1. Declarations in general \\
                 4.2. Declaration of variables and arrays and data
                 storage allocation in the main program \\
                 4.3. Handling of types \\
                 4.4. Assignment statements \\
                 4.5. Boolean expressions \\
                 4.6. Conditional statements and expressions \\
                 4.7. For statements \\
                 4.8. Go to statement and switch declaration \\
                 4.9. Procedures and dynamic storage \\
                 4.10. Procedure calls and declarations \\
                 5. Recursive address calculation \\
                 5.1. Introduction \\
                 5.2. Assumptions necessary for the use of recursive
                 address calculation \\
                 5.3. Use of recursive address calculation for one loop
                 \\
                 5.4. Nested loops \\
                 5.5. Loops with more than one list element \\
                 5.6. Further optimization possibilities \\
                 6. Run time organization \\
                 6.1. The instruction storage allocation \\
                 6.2. The instruction procedure call \\
                 6.3. The instruction formal procedure call \\
                 6.4. The instruction normal procedure exit \\
                 6.5. The instruction jump to \\
                 6.6. The instruction formal procedure exit \\
                 6.7. The instructions name address and name call \\
                 6.8. The instruction name procedure exit \\
                 7. Model translator. Description \\
                 7.1. Introduction \\
                 7.2. Pass 1. The preparatory pass \\
                 7.3. Pass 2. The implementation of recursive address
                 calculation \\
                 7.4. Pass 3. Decomposition and production of target
                 program \\
                 7.5. Editorial functions \\
                 7.6. Run time system. The target language program
                 interpreter \\
                 8. Algol 60 model translator. Formal part \\
                 Pass 1: preparatory pass \\
                 Pass 2: recursive address calculation pass \\
                 Pass 3: decomposition and generation pass \\
                 Check routine: check procedure calls and substitutions
                 of formal parameters by actuals \\
                 Check routine: check agreeability of actual parameter
                 and specification \\
                 Run time system: target language program interpreter
                 \\
                 START TRANSLATION \\
                 Appendix: Correspondence matrix for actual and formal
                 parameters",
  xxseries =     "Die Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, in
                 Einzeldarstellungen mit besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung
                 der Anwendungsgebiete",
  ZBmath =       "3291612",
}

@Article{Gunn:1967:ACW,
  author =       "J. H. Gunn",
  title =        "{Algorithm 300}: {Coulomb} Wave Functions",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "244--245",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:12 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  note =         "See remark \cite{Vos:1973:RAC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "Coulomb wave functions; special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: 150-line Algol procedure that is superseded
                 by other routines in the physics literature.",
}

@TechReport{Hansen:1967:AAF,
  author =       "Erik Hansen",
  title =        "{Alfons} ({Algol Fortran} nesting sequence)",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "Ris{\o}-M-564",
  institution =  "Atomenergikommissionens Bibliotek",
  address =      "Ris{\o}, Denmark",
  pages =        "10",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Cover title.",
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); Electronic digital
                 computers --- Programming.; FORTRAN (Computer program
                 language)",
}

@Book{Higman:1967:CSP,
  author =       "B. Higman",
  title =        "A Comparative Study of Programming Languages",
  publisher =    "Macdonald",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "164",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:32:02 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hill:1967:ACS,
  author =       "I. D. Hill and M. C. Pike",
  title =        "{Algorithm 299}: {Chi}-Squared Integral",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "243--244",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:12 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{Hill:1985:RCS,elLozy:1976:RAC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "chi-squared; probability functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Short Algol procedure.",
}

@Article{Hill:1967:ANCa,
  author =       "I. D. Hill and S. A. Joyce",
  title =        "{Algorithm 304}: {Normal} Curve Integral",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "374--375",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/363332.363411",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:13 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  note =         "See remarks \cite{Hill:1967:RAS,Bergson:1968:ACR}.",
  abstract =     "{\tt normal(x,upper)} calculates the curve, i.e., tail
                 area of the standardized normal curve, i.e., $ (1 /
                 \sqrt {2 \pi }) \int \exp ( - t^2 / 2) \, d t $. If
                 {\tt upper} is {\tt true}, the limits of integration
                 are $x$ and $ \infty $. If {\tt upper} is {\tt false},
                 the limits of integration are $ - \infty $ and $x$.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "probability functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: 75-line Algol procedure that is superseded
                 by numerous $ \erf $ routines.",
}

@Article{Hill:1967:RAS,
  author =       "I. D. Hill and S. A. Joyce",
  title =        "Remarks on {Algorithm 123} [{S15}]: {Real} error
                 function, {{\tt ERF(x)}}; {Algorithm 180} [{S15}]:
                 {Error} Function --- Large $ {X} $; {Algorithm 181}
                 [{S15}]: {Complementary} Error Function --- Large $ {X}
                 $; {Algorithm 209} [{S15}]: {Gauss}; {Algorithm 226}
                 [{S15}]: {Normal} Distribution Function; {Algorithm
                 272} [{S15}]: {Procedure} for the Normal Distribution
                 Functions; {Algorithm 304} [{S15}]: {Normal} Curve
                 Integral",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "377--378",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/363332.365433",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:13 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  note =         "See
                 \cite{Cyvin:1964:AND,MacLaren:1965:APN,Hill:1967:ANCa}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "$\erf(x)$; $\erfc(x)$; probability functions; special
                 functions",
}

@Article{Hopgood:1967:AAP,
  author =       "F. R. A. Hopgood and A. G. Bell",
  title =        "The {Atlas ALGOL} preprocessor for non-standard
                 dialects",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "360--364",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/9.4.360",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:37 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/4/360.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/090360.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/360.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/361.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/362.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/363.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/364.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@TechReport{Jorrand:1967:IDL,
  author =       "P. Jorrand",
  title =        "Intersection de deux langages ``context-free''.
                 Application {\`a} la grammaire du langage {ALGOL X}.
                 ({French}) [{Intersection} of two ``context-free''
                 languages. {Application} to the grammar of the language
                 {ALGOL X}]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Mathematiques Appliqu{\'e}es, Universit{\'e} de
                 Grenoble",
  address =      "Grenoble, France",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:39:52 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Knuth:1967:RTS,
  author =       "Donald E. Knuth",
  title =        "The Remaining Trouble Spots in {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "611--618",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/363717.363743",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:15 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See remarks \cite{Wood:1969:LEF}. Reprinted in E.
                 Horowitz, {\sl Programming Languages: A Grand Tour\/}
                 (Computer Science Press, 1982), 61--68.",
  abstract =     "This paper lists the ambiguities remaining in the
                 language ALGOL 60, which have been noticed since the
                 publication of the Revised ALGOL 60 Report in 1963.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; languages",
  subject =      "D.3.2 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, ALGOL-60 \\ D.3.3 Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Constructs, Procedures,
                 functions, and subroutines",
  xxnote =       "See remarks \cite{Wood:1969:FMT}. Reprinted in E.
                 Horowitz, {\sl Programming Languages: A Grand Tour\/}
                 (Computer Science Press, 1982), 61--68.",
}

@Book{Kuntzmann:1967:PAA,
  editor =       "J. Kuntzmann",
  title =        "Proc{\'e}dures {Algol} en analyse num{\'e}rique.
                 ({French}) [{Algol} procedures in numerical analysis]",
  publisher =    "{\'E}ditions du CNRS",
  address =      "Paris, France",
  pages =        "324",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 09:49:11 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Book{Kunzi:1967:NMM,
  author =       "H. P. K{\"u}nzi and H. G. Tzschach and C. A. Zehnder",
  title =        "{Numerische Methoden der mathematischen Optimierung,
                 mit ALGOL- und FORTRAN-Programmen. (German)}",
  volume =       "Band 8",
  publisher =    pub-TEUBNER,
  address =      pub-TEUBNER:adr,
  pages =        "151",
  year =         "1967",
  MRclass =      "65.30 (90.00)",
  MRnumber =     "35 #3863",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 3 19:11:56 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  series =       "Leitf{\"a}den der angewandten Mathematik und
                 Mechanik",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  reviewer =     "H. F. Karreman",
}

@Book{Lavrov:1967:UPL,
  author =       "S. S. Lavrov",
  title =        "A Universal Programming Language ({Algol 60})",
  publisher =    "Defense Technical Information Center",
  address =      "Ft. Belvoir, VA, USA",
  pages =        "180",
  day =          "23",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1967",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:05 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  abstract =     "This book is a manual for the study of the
                 international algorithmic language ALGOL 60 intended
                 for the complete and concise description of computation
                 processes by means similar to the conventional
                 mathematical symbolism. The language is an important
                 auxiliary for electronic computers. The book is
                 intended for engineers, who have to deal with
                 calculations on electronic computers in their work
                 without being specially trained in this. (Author).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Unedited rough draft translation of mono. Universalnyi
                 Yazyk Programmirovaniya (ALGOL 60), Moscow, 1964
                 171p.",
  subject =      "(Programming languages; Textbooks); Coding; Symbols;
                 Algorithms; Computers; Mathematics; Computer
                 Programming and Software; Computer Hardware.",
}

@Book{Lavrov:1967:UYP,
  author =       "S. S. Lavrov",
  title =        "Universalnyi yazyk programmirovaniya ({ALGOL 60}).
                 ({Russian}) [A universal programming language ({ALGOL
                 60})]",
  publisher =    "Izdatel'stvo Nauka",
  address =      "Moskva, USSR",
  pages =        "196",
  year =         "1967",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:05 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Lecht:1967:PA,
  author =       "C. P. Lecht",
  title =        "The Programmer's {ALGOL}",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "251",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 07:30:45 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Leroy:1967:MGA,
  author =       "H. Leroy",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the {AFIP} 1967 Spring Joint Computer
                 Conference",
  title =        "A Macro-generator for {ALGOL}",
  volume =       "30",
  publisher =    pub-AFIPS,
  address =      pub-AFIPS:adr,
  pages =        "663--669",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 3 13:39:38 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Mailloux:1967:IA,
  author =       "Barry James Mailloux",
  title =        "On the implementation of {Algol 68}",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 13:01:50 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "See final doctoral dissertation
                 \cite{Mailloux:1968:IA}.",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{McEwan:1967:AAA,
  author =       "A. T. McEwan",
  title =        "An {Atlas Autocode} to {ALGOL 60} translator",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "353--359",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/9.4.353",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:37 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/4/353.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/090353.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/353.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/354.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/355.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/356.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/357.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/358.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_09/Issue_04/tiff/359.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@InProceedings{Meyer:1967:CLP,
  author =       "Albert R. Meyer and Dennis M. Ritchie",
  editor =       "Solomon Rosenthal",
  booktitle =    "{ACM '67}: Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national
                 conference",
  title =        "The complexity of loop programs",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  bookpages =    "607",
  pages =        "465--569",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1967",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/800196.806014",
  ISBN =         "1-4503-7494-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4503-7494-1",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 19 17:19:39 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
  note =         "Cited in \cite{Brock:2020:DDR}.",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/800196.806014",
  abstract =     "Anyone familiar with the theory of computability will
                 be aware that practical conclusions from the theory
                 must be drawn with caution. If a problem can
                 theoretically be solved by computation, this does not
                 mean that it is practical to do so. Conversely, if a
                 problem is formally undecidable, this does not mean
                 that the subcases of primary interest are impervious to
                 solution by algorithmic methods.\par

                 In the next section we describe such a class of
                 programs, called Loop programs. Each Loop program
                 consists only of assignment statements and iteration
                 (loop) statements, the latter resembling the DO
                 statement of FORTRAN, and special cases of the FOR and
                 THROUGH statements of ALGOL and MAD. The bound on the
                 running time of a Loop program is determined
                 essentially by the length of the program and the depth
                 of nesting of its loop",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Dennis M. Ritchie (9 September 1941--12 October
                 2011)",
  remark =       "No ``received date'' is recorded, and the article
                 makes no mention of Dennis Ritchie's doctoral
                 dissertation in this subject area.",
  xxnote =       "Cited in \cite{Brock:2020:DDR}.",
}

@Article{Nickel:1967:ZNR,
  author =       "K. Nickel",
  title =        "{Zwei Neue Rechenmaschinen-Systeme An Der Th
                 Karlsruhe: Hydra-X8 Und Triplex-Algol-Z23}",
  journal =      "Umschau",
  volume =       "67",
  pages =        "525--526",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@Article{Pike:1967:RAI,
  author =       "M. C. Pike and I. D. Hill",
  title =        "Remark on {Algorithm 179}: {Incomplete} {Beta} ratio",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "375--376",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:13 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "$B(z,w)$; beta function; special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Corrections to an Algol procedure.",
}

@Article{Pitteway:1967:RAA,
  author =       "M. L. V. Pitteway",
  title =        "Remark on {Algorithm 301}: {Airy} function",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "453--453",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:14 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "Airy functions; special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Corrections to an Algol procedure.",
}

@InProceedings{Rosen:1967:PSLa,
  author =       "Saul Rosen",
  title =        "Programming Systems and Languages. {A} Historical
                 Survey",
  crossref =     "Rosen:1967:PSLb",
  pages =        "3--22",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 07:02:19 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Schmid:1967:BRK,
  author =       "E. Schmid",
  title =        "Book Report: {I. O. Kerner und G. Zielke,
                 Einf{\"u}hrung in die algorithmische Sprache ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "172--172",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 15 17:04:26 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Sintzoff:1967:EVW,
  author =       "Michel Sintzoff",
  title =        "Existence of a {van Wijngaarden} syntax for every
                 recursively enumerable set",
  journal =      "Annales de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Scientifique de
                 Bruxelles",
  volume =       "81",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "115--118",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1967",
  ISSN =         "0037-959X",
  ISSN-L =       "0037-959X",
  MRclass =      "02.70",
  MRnumber =     "236008",
  MRreviewer =   "E. M. Fels",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:18:56 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles S{\'e}r. I",
}

@Article{Stetter:1967:BRE,
  author =       "H. J. Stetter",
  title =        "Book Report: {T. Ekman und C. E. Fr{\"o}berg,
                 Introduction to ALGOL-Programming}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "294--294",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 15 17:04:26 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Svejgaard:1967:APC,
  author =       "Bj. Svejgaard",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Contribution no. 21: Zeros of
                 Polynomials",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "240--246",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01939265",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:10 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=7&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=7&issue=3&spage=240",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@TechReport{vanWijngaarden:1967:DPA,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden and B. J. Mailloux and J. E. L.
                 Peck",
  title =        "A draft proposal for the algorithmic language {ALGOL
                 67}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "MR 88",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 18 15:57:42 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{vonSydow:1967:CTA,
  author =       "L. {von Sydow}",
  title =        "Computer Typesetting of {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "172--174",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:12 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/typeset.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Watts:1967:RCD,
  author =       "Donald G. Watts and Harold S. Stone",
  title =        "{R67-15}: a Contribution to the Development of
                 {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMPUT,
  volume =       "EC-16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "112--113",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "IEECA8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/PGEC.1967.264655",
  ISSN =         "0367-7508",
  ISSN-L =       "0367-7508",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 21:15:01 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4039011",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Trans. Electron. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers",
  keywords =     "Aerodynamics; Analog computers; Application software;
                 Books; Computational modeling; Computer applications;
                 Computer interfaces; Computer languages; Helicopters;
                 Sections",
}

@TechReport{Wilner:1967:AFT,
  author =       "Wayne T. Wilner",
  title =        "{ALGOL} to {FORTRAN} Translator",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "CGTM 15 (CS239)",
  institution =  "Stanford University",
  address =      "Stanford, CA, USA",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Mon Sep 04 09:12:34 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.slac.stanford.edu/vault/collvault/greylit/cgtm/CGTM15.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wippermann:1967:ACT,
  author =       "H.-W. Wippermann",
  title =        "{Ein Algol-60 Compiler Mit Triplex-Zahlen}",
  journal =      j-Z-ANGE-MATH-MECH,
  volume =       "47",
  pages =        "T76--T79",
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "ZAMMAX",
  ISSN =         "0044-2267",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@TechReport{Wippermann:1967:MFS,
  author =       "H.-W. Wippermann",
  title =        "{Manual F{\"u}r Das System Triplex-Algol Karlsruhe}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Institut F. Angewandte Mathematik --- Rechenzentrum,
                 Universit{\"a}t Karlsruhe",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, West Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@Article{Wippermann:1967:RIE,
  author =       "H.-W. Wippermann",
  title =        "{Realisierung Einer Intervall-Arithmetik In Einem
                 Algol 60-System}",
  journal =      j-ELEK-RECHENANLAGEN,
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "224--233",
  year =         "1967",
  CODEN =        "ELRAA4",
  ISSN =         "0013-5720",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@TechReport{Wirth:1967:CBC,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth",
  title =        "On certain basic concepts of programming languages",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CS-TR-67-65",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "ii + 30",
  day =          "1",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1967",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:11:14 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/pub/cstr/reports/cs/tr/67/65/CS-TR-67-65.pdf;
                 http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-67-65.html",
  abstract =     "Recent developments of programming languages have led
                 to the emergence of languages whose growth showed
                 cancerous symptoms: the proliferation of new elements
                 defied every control exercised by the designers, and
                 the nature of the new cells often proved to be
                 incompatible with the existing body. In order that a
                 language be free from such symptoms, it is necessary
                 that it be built upon basic concepts which are sound
                 and mutually independent. The rules governing the
                 language must be simple, generally applicable and
                 consistent. In order that simplicity and consistency
                 can be achieved, the fundamental concepts of a language
                 must be well-chosen and defined with utmost clarity. In
                 practice, it turns out that there exists an optimum in
                 the number of basic concepts, below which not only
                 implementability of these concepts on actual computers,
                 but also their appeal to human intuition becomes
                 questionable because of their high degree of
                 generalization. These informal notes do not abound with
                 ready-made solutions, but it is hoped they shed some
                 light on several related subjects and inherent
                 difficulties. They are intended to summarize and
                 interrelate various ideas which are partly present in
                 existing languages, partly debated within the IFIP
                 Working Group 2.1, and partly new. While emphasis is
                 put on clarification of conceptual issues,
                 consideration of notation cannot be ignored. However,
                 no formal or concise definitions of notation (syntax)
                 will be given or used; the concepts will instead be
                 illustrated by examples, using notation based on Algol
                 as far as possible.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
  pdfpages =     "33",
}

@Book{Andersen:1968:ASRd,
  author =       "Christian Andersen",
  title =        "{Algol 60 --- eine Sprache f{\"u}r Rechenautomaten}.
                 ({German}) [{Algol 60} --- a language for computers]",
  volume =       "47",
  publisher =    pub-VIEWEG,
  address =      pub-VIEWEG:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "96",
  year =         "1968",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:12:51 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Translation to German by Herbert Schreiter and
                 Hans-J{\"u}rgen {\"U}berfuhr.",
  series =       "Reihe Automatisierungstechnik",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Apostolatos:1968:ALT,
  author =       "N. Apostolatos and U. Kulisch and R. Krawczyk and B.
                 Lortz and K. Nickel and H.-W. W. Wippermann",
  title =        "The Algorithmic Language {Triplex-ALGOL-60}",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "175--180",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02165313",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 18 10:06:00 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nummath.bib",
  note =         "From the first page: ``triplex numbers, previously
                 called Fehlerschrankenzahlen by K. Nickel and interval
                 numbers by R. E. Moore. \ldots{} Triplex numbers are
                 intervals with a main value enclosed, which corresponds
                 to conventional numbers of {\bf real} type. The first
                 number following $ \lbrack $ is the lower bound of the
                 interval associated with a triplex number, the next
                 number is the previous mentioned main value, and the
                 last number followed by $ \rbrack $ is the upper bound
                 of the interval. The following relation has to be
                 fulfilled: $ \mbox {lower bound} \leq \mbox {main
                 value} \leq \mbox {upper bound} $.''.",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/211",
}

@TechReport{Apostolatos:1968:RCA,
  author =       "N. Apostolatos and H. Christ and H. Santo and H.-W.
                 Wippermann",
  title =        "Rounding Control and the Algorithmic Language {Algol
                 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "6824",
  institution =  "Rechenzentrum Der Universit{\"a}t Karlsruhe",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, West Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@TechReport{Arnal:1968:PTD,
  author =       "P. Arnal and J. Buffet and A. Quere and others",
  title =        "Projet de traduction du rapport {ALGOL 68}. ({French})
                 [{Translation} project of the {ALGOL 68} report ]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Facult{\'e} des Sciences de Lille, Laboratoire de
                 Calcul",
  address =      "Lille, France",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:15:23 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@TechReport{Bauer:1968:AW,
  author =       "Henry R. Bauer and Sheldon I. Becker and Susan L.
                 Graham",
  title =        "{ALGOL W}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CS-TR-68-86",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:11:14 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-68-86.html",
  abstract =     "The textbook `Introduction to Algol' by Baumann,
                 Feliciano, Bauer, and Samelson describes the
                 internationally recognized language ALGOL 60 for
                 algorithm communication. ALGOL W can be viewed as an
                 extension of ALGOL. This document consists of (1)
                 `Algol W Notes for Introductory Computer Science
                 Courses' [by Henry R. Bauer, Sheldon Becker, and Susan
                 L. Graham] which describes the differences between
                 ALGOL 60 and ALGOL W and presents the new features of
                 ALGOL W; (2) `Deck Set-Up'; (3) `Algol W Language
                 Description' [by Henry R. Bauer, Sheldon Becker, and
                 Susan L. Graham], a complete syntactic and semantic
                 description of the language; (4) `Unit Record
                 Equipment'; and (5) `Error Message.'",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "116",
}

@TechReport{Bauer:1968:AWI,
  author =       "Henry R. Bauer and Sheldon I. Becker and Susan L.
                 Graham",
  title =        "{ALGOL W} implementation",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CS-TR-68-98",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "vi + 147",
  day =          "20",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:11:14 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  note =         "From the introduction: ``The project was initiated and
                 directed by Professor Niklaus Wirth, who proposed many
                 of the ideas incorporated in the compiler and suggested
                 ways to bring them about. Joseph W. Wells, Jr. and
                 Edwin H. Satterthwaite, Jr. wrote the PL360 System in
                 which the compiler is embedded, the linkages to the
                 compiler, and the loader.''",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-68-98.html;
                 http://infolab.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-68-98.html",
  abstract =     "In writing a compiler of a new language (ALGOL W) for
                 a new machine (IBM System/360) we were forced to deal
                 with many unforeseen problems in addition to the
                 problems we expected to encounter. This report
                 describes the final version of the compiler. The
                 implemented language ALGOL W is based on the
                 Wirth/Hoare proposal for a successor to ALGOL 60. The
                 major differences from that proposal are in string
                 definition and operations and in complex number
                 representation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "153",
  remark =       "Appendix II contains a BNF grammar for Algol W, a
                 language proposed as a successor to Algol 60
                 \cite{Wirth:1966:CDAb,Wirth:1966:ANC}. Page 4 reports:
                 ``Complex arithmetic in standard mathematical notation
                 and double-precision (long) arithmetic are implemented
                 features of the language, Facilities to detect overflow
                 and make appropriate recovery are provided, as is a set
                 of standard functions of analysis.''",
}

@TechReport{Bauer:1968:AWR,
  author =       "Henry R. Bauer and Sheldon I. Becker and Susan L.
                 Graham and George E. Forsythe and Edwin H.
                 Satterthwaite",
  title =        "{ALGOL W} (revised)",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CS-TR-68-89",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "i + 124",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:11:14 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/forsythe-george-elmer.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/pub/cstr/reports/cs/tr/68/89/CS-TR-68-89.pdf;
                 http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-68-89.html",
  abstract =     "The textbook ``\booktitle{Introduction to Algol}' by
                 Baumann, Feliciano, Bauer, and Samelson describes the
                 internationally recognized language ALGOL 60 for
                 algorithm communication. ALGOL W can be viewed as an
                 extension of ALGOL. This document consists of (1)
                 ``Algol W Deck Set-Up'' [by E. H. Satterthwaite, Jr.];
                 (2) ``Algol W Language Description'' [by Henry R.
                 Bauer, Sheldon Becker, and Susan L. Graham], a complete
                 syntactic and semantic description of the language; (3)
                 ``Algol W Error Messages'' [by Henry R. Bauer, Sheldon
                 Becker, and Susan L. Graham]; (4) ``Algol W Notes for
                 Introductory Computer Science Courses'' [by Henry R.
                 Bauer, Sheldon Becker, and Susan L. Graham] which
                 describes the differences tween ALGOL 60 and ALGOL W
                 and presents the new features of ALGOL W; and (5)
                 ``Notes on Number Representation on System/360 and
                 relations to Algol W'' [by George E. Forsythe].",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Elmer Forsythe (8 January 1917--9 April 1972)",
  pdfpages =     "125",
}

@Book{Bauer:1968:IAW,
  author =       "Henry R. Bauer",
  title =        "Introduction to {ALGOL W} programming, and, {ALGOL W}
                 (revised)",
  publisher =    "Computer Science Department, Stanford University",
  address =      "Stanford, CA, USA",
  pages =        "i + 170 + iv + 60 + 9",
  year =         "1968",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73 A24 B336 1968a",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:12:45 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cover title.",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); ALGOL (Langage de
                 programmation); ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{Bergson:1968:ACR,
  author =       "A. Bergson",
  title =        "Certification of and remark on {Algorithm 304}
                 [{S15}]: {Normal} curve integral",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "271--271",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/362991.363048",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:19 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Hill:1967:ANCa,Hill:1967:RAS}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "probability functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: 50-line Algol Program that is superceded by
                 numerous {\tt erf} routines.",
}

@Article{Bertman:1968:APC,
  author =       "B. Bertman",
  title =        "An {Algol} program for calibrating resistance
                 thermometers at low temperatures",
  journal =      j-J-COMPUT-PHYS,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "157--158",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "JCTPAH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(68)90012-0",
  ISSN =         "0021-9991 (print), 1090-2716 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-9991",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 1 08:28:02 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jcomputphys1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0021999168900120",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Computational Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00219991/",
}

@TechReport{Bjorck:1968:IRL,
  author =       "{\AA}ke Bj{\"o}rck and Gene H. Golub",
  title =        "Iterative refinements of linear least squares
                 solutions by {Householder} transformations",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-68-83 (AD664237)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "i + 28",
  day =          "19",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 06 17:24:15 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/golub-gene-h.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/householder-alston-s.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-68-83.html",
  abstract =     "An algorithm is presented in ALGOL for iteratively
                 refining the solution to a linear least squares problem
                 with linear constraints. Numerical results presented
                 show that a high degree of accuracy is obtained.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Gene Howard Golub (February 29, 1932--November 16,
                 2007)",
  pdfpages =     "29",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-68-83",
  xxtitle =      "Iterative Refinements of Linear Squares Solutions by
                 {Householder} Transformations",
}

@Article{Bjork:1968:DTA,
  author =       "Harry Bj{\"o}rk",
  title =        "Decision Tables in {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "147--153",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01933417",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:10 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=8&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=8&issue=3&spage=147",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Christ:1968:RMB,
  author =       "H. Christ",
  title =        "{Realisierung Einer Maschinenintervallarithmetik Auf
                 Beliebigen Algol-60 Compilern}",
  journal =      j-ELEK-RECHENANLAGEN,
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "217--222",
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "ELRAA4",
  ISSN =         "0013-5720",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@TechReport{Dahl:1968:SCB,
  author =       "O. J. Dahl and B. Myhrhaug and K. Nygaard",
  title =        "{SIMULA 67} Common Base Language.",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "S-2",
  institution =  "Norwegian Computing Center",
  address =      "Oslo, Norway",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 09:10:35 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{deChastellier:1968:WG,
  author =       "Gue de Chastellier and Alain Colmerauer",
  editor =       "{ACM}",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the {24th National Conference of the
                 ACM, 1969}",
  title =        "{W}-grammar",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "511--518",
  year =         "1968",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/800195.805957",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 11:06:20 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  abstract =     "A new type of grammars is presented here, called
                 W-grammars. It is shown how they can be used in
                 translation processes. Examples are taken from the
                 fields of algebraic manipulation and computational
                 linguistics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{DeVogelaere:1968:ASB,
  author =       "R. {De Vogelaere}",
  title =        "{Algorithm 335}: {A} Set of Basic Input-Output
                 Procedures",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "567--573",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:21 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "By means of the primitives insymbol, outsymbol and
                 length, as requested by this journal's Algorithms
                 Policy [Comm. ACM 10 (Nov. 67), 729] a basic set of
                 input-output procedures is defined aiming at quality
                 and flexibility, outreal, for instance, is written as a
                 derived procedure; it outputs using the fixed point or
                 the floating point representation, and rounds properly.
                 Variants can easily be written because of the explicit
                 call of the procedures decompose integer and decompose
                 real. The highly recommended practice of echoing input
                 is made easy with one subset of derived procedures
                 (ioi, ior, lob, ioa). The documentation of output in
                 the form of equivalent ALGOL statements is also
                 provided when use is made of the subset oti, otr, otb,
                 ota. The Berkeley style of providing information on the
                 form of output using prior calls of procedures such as
                 real format is defined. A use of the parameter
                 outchannel to provide information for simultaneous
                 output to several channels is suggested.
                 Interrelationship between the declared procedures is
                 furnished in tabular form.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 60; Berkeley style; decompose integer;
                 decompose real; equivalent ALGOL statements; fixed
                 point representation; floating point representation;
                 input echo; input output; input output array; input
                 output Boolean; input output procedures; integer
                 format; out integer; output channel interpretation;
                 output documentation; procedures relationship; quality
                 output; read real; real format; style; transput",
}

@Unpublished{Dijkstra:1968:EA,
  author =       "Edsger W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "To the {EDITOR ALGOL 68}",
  pages =        "2",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 16 08:14:00 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Circulated privately.",
  URL =          "http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/ewd02xx/EWD230.PDF",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  filesize =     "47 KB",
  oldlabel =     "EWD:EWD230",
  pagecount =    "2",
  remark =       "Undated critical letter in response to MR 93
                 \cite{vanWijngaarden:1988:DRA}. Based on EWD document
                 numbering, this was written in March or April 1968.",
}

@Article{Dijkstra:1968:SMSb,
  author =       "Edsger W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "The structure of the {``THE''}-multiprogramming
                 system",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "341--346",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/363095.363143",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 16 08:14:00 2015",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/os.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm11.html#Dijkstra68;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1980.bib",
  abstract =     "A multiprogramming system is described in which all
                 activities are divided over a number of sequential
                 processes. These sequential processes are placed at
                 various hierarchical levels, in each of which one or
                 more independent abstractions have been implemented.
                 The hierarchical structure proved to be vital for the
                 verification of the logical soundness of the design and
                 the correctness of its implementation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J79",
  keywords =     "cooperating sequential processes; input-output
                 buffering; multiprocessing; multiprogramming;
                 multiprogramming system; operating system; processor
                 sharing; program verification; real-time debugging;
                 synchronizing primitives; system hierarchy; system
                 levels; system structure",
  oldlabel =     "Dijkstra68; EWD:EWD196pub",
  remark =       "From the Wikipedia article on semaphores: ``The
                 canonical names V and P come from the initials of Dutch
                 words. V is generally explained as verhogen
                 (`increase'). Several explanations have been offered
                 for P, including proberen for `to test' or `to try,'
                 passeren for `pass,' and pakken for `grab.' Dijkstra's
                 earliest paper on the subject gives passering (passing)
                 as the meaning for P, and vrijgave (release) as the
                 meaning for V. It also mentions that the terminology is
                 taken from that used in railroad signals. Dijkstra
                 subsequently wrote that he intended P to stand for the
                 portmanteau prolaag, short for probeer te verlagen,
                 literally `try to reduce,' or to parallel the terms
                 used in the other case, `try to decrease.' This
                 confusion stems from the fact that the words for
                 increase and decrease both begin with the letter V in
                 Dutch, and the words spelled out in full would be
                 impossibly confusing for those not familiar with the
                 Dutch language.

                 In ALGOL 68, the Linux kernel, and in some English
                 textbooks, the V and P operations are called,
                 respectively, up and down. In software engineering
                 practice, they are often called signal and wait,
                 release and acquire (which the standard Java library
                 uses), or post and pend. Some texts call them vacate
                 and procure to match the original Dutch
                 initials.''

                 From entry Randell:2003:ED: ``The THE system was a
                 staggering achievement, because it was so well designed
                 and coded that there were virtually no bugs in it.''",
  summary =      "The appendix deals with semaphores. The basic
                 operation of `P-Operation' and `V-Operation' are
                 specified, along with some comments on the effects of
                 multiple P's and V's. The use of semaphores for mutual
                 exclusion, and the use of private semaphores (which are
                 associated with a sequential process, which alone is
                 allowed to do a P-operation) is explained, along with
                 an outline of the proof that a particular
                 implementation using semaphores is valid.",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Dijkstra68",
}

@Article{Dorrer:1968:ADS,
  author =       "Egon Dorrer",
  title =        "{Algorithm 322}: {$F$}-Distribution [{S14}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "116--117",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:18 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  remark =       "Fullerton: 50-line Algol Program.",
}

@Article{Duncan:1968:ABNa,
  author =       "F. G. Duncan",
  title =        "{ALGOL} bulletin no. 27",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1--65",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1139560.1139562",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 27 07:18:34 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1960.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1139560.1139562",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@Article{Duncan:1968:ABNb,
  author =       "F. G. Duncan",
  title =        "{ALGOL} bulletin no. 28",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1--83",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1139536.1139538",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 27 07:18:35 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1960.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1139536.1139538",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@Article{Duncan:1968:ABNc,
  author =       "F. G. Duncan",
  title =        "{ALGOL} bulletin no. 29",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1--69",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1139540.1139542",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 27 07:18:35 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1960.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1139540.1139542",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@TechReport{Enea:1968:M,
  author =       "Horace J. Enea",
  title =        "{MLISP}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CS-TR-68-92 (PB178078)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:11:14 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-68-92.html",
  abstract =     "Mlisp is an Algol-like list processing language based
                 on Lisp 1.5. It is currently implemented on the IBM
                 360/67 at the Stanford Computation Center, and is being
                 implemented on the DEC PDP-6 at the Stanford Artificial
                 Intelligence Project. The balance of this paper is a
                 very informal presentation of the language so that the
                 reader will be able to run programs in Mlisp with a
                 minimum of effort. The language has an extremely simple
                 syntax which is presented in Appendix I.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "20",
  remark =       "No PDF in NTRL archive. Same NTIS number as
                 STAN-CS-68-93: no PDF file available to resolve
                 confusion.",
}

@Article{Farkas:1968:RIA,
  author =       "I. Farkas",
  title =        "Reviews: {{\em Introduction to Algol Programming}}, by
                 {Torgil Ekman and Carl-Erik Fr{\"o}berg}",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "566--566",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 28 12:39:02 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/amermathmonthly1965.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Mathematical Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.jstor.org/journals/00029890.htm",
}

@Article{Fox:1968:BRP,
  author =       "L. Fox",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Proc{\'e}dures Algol en
                 Analyse Num{\'e}rique}}, 324 pages. (Published by Min.
                 de l'{\'E}ducation Nationale)}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "30--30",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/11.1.30",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:40 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/11/1.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fox-leslie.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/11/1/30.full.pdf+html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Leslie Fox (30 September 1918--1 August 1992)",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  remark-1 =     "From the first paragraph: ``There are seven chapters,
                 with titles Linear Algebraic Equations (13 procedures),
                 Algebraic Eigenvalue Problem (17), Algebraic and
                 Non-linear Systems (11), Differential Systems, Integral
                 and Integro-differential Equations (6), Definite
                 Integrals (10), Approximation (13), Probability and
                 Special Functions (8).''",
  remark-2 =     "From the final paragraph: ``Extreme accuracy, of
                 course, is a necessity for a work of this kind, and the
                 stated checks and methods of producing the printed
                 pages give confidence that this has been achieved. This
                 is undoubtedly an important and practically useful
                 publication, and the team responsible for it deserve
                 our congratulations and thanks for a good idea
                 splendidly carried out.''",
}

@Article{Foxley:1968:ISA,
  author =       "Eric Foxley and Peter King",
  title =        "The implementation of syntax analysis using {ALGOL},
                 and some mathematical applications",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "325--335",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/10.4.325",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  MRclass =      "68N15 68N20",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:39 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/4/325.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/100325.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/tiff/325.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/tiff/326.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/tiff/327.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/tiff/328.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/tiff/329.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/tiff/330.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/tiff/331.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/tiff/332.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/tiff/333.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/tiff/334.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/tiff/335.tif",
  ZMnumber =     "0153.18901",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  ZBmath =       "3245880",
}

@TechReport{Geurts:1968:PAD,
  author =       "L. J. M. Geurts and C. H. A. Koster and L. G. L. Th.
                 Meertens",
  title =        "Praktijkcursus {Algol 60}: 3e dr.",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "MR 85/68",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "53",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:10:40 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/21513",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Article{Ghinea:1968:OMC,
  author =       "Monique Ghinea",
  title =        "Organisation de la m{\'e}moire centrale dans la
                 compilation du langage {ALGOL 60}. ({French})
                 [{Organization} of central memory in compilation of the
                 {ALGOL 60} language]",
  journal =      "Bulletin math{\'e}matique de la {Soci{\'e}t{\'e} des
                 Sciences Math{\'e}matiques de la R{\'e}publique
                 Socialiste de Roumanie}",
  volume =       "12 (60)",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "87--92",
  year =         "1968",
  ISSN =         "0373-2908",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 20 11:41:03 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/43679563",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@TechReport{Good:1968:IAB,
  author =       "D. I. Good and R. L. London",
  title =        "Interval Arithmetic for the {Burroughs B-5500} Four
                 {Algol}-Procedures and Proofs of their Correctness",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "University of Wisconsin, Madison",
  address =      "Madison, WI, USA",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@Misc{Hoare:1968:RDR,
  author =       "C. A. R. Hoare",
  title =        "Recommendation on Draft Report on {ALGOL 68}",
  howpublished = "Unknown",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 09 08:35:48 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hoare-c-a-r.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Charles Antony Richard Hoare (11 January 1934--5 March
                 2026)",
}

@TechReport{Igarashi:1968:A,
  author =       "S. Igarashi and T. Iwamura and K. Sakuma and T.
                 Simauti and T. Simizu and S. Takasu and E. Wada and N.
                 Yoneda",
  title =        "{ALGOL N}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto
                 University",
  address =      "Kyoto, Japan",
  pages =        "9",
  day =          "14",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 06:24:07 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://hdl.handle.net/2433/100407;
                 https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/server/api/core/bitstreams/f79390b7-b7ae-44a9-b8e0-0e8c9bb051c0/content",
  abstract =     "[From the introduction:] The authors of MR93
                 contributed remarkably to the development of WG2.1
                 project on prospected ALGOL, realizing in a unified
                 system a huge amount of diverse demands on its power of
                 expression. That document, however, is far from being
                 readable because of the much too complicated mechanism
                 of the language and its description. Simplification
                 should be made without essentially spoiling the power
                 and applicability of the language.\par

                 We, members of a working group in Nippon (Japan),
                 present here a design of simplified language,
                 tentatively named ALGOL N, with a simplified method of
                 description. It is designed to be an algorithmic
                 language, not distorted by compiler oriented
                 contrivances, though the efficiency of compilation is
                 not totally neglected. We hope that we have achieved
                 some improvement, particularly in the following points
                 at least.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Jenkins:1968:TSV,
  author =       "M. A. Jenkins and J. F. Traub",
  title =        "A Three-Stage Variable-Shift Iteration for Polynomial
                 Zeros and its Relation to Generalized {Rayleigh}
                 Iteration",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-68-107 (AD668558, AD0673673)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 40 + 2",
  day =          "26",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:11:14 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-68-107.html;
                 https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/html/tr/AD0673673/index.html",
  abstract =     "We introduce a new three-stage process for calculating
                 the zeros of a polynomial with complex coefficients.
                 The algorithm is similar in spirit to the two-stage
                 algorithms studied by Traub in a series of papers. The
                 algorithm is restriction free, that is, it converges
                 for any distribution of zeros. A proof of global
                 convergence is given.\par

                 Zeros are calculated in roughly increasing order of
                 magnitude to avoid deflation instability. Shifting is
                 incorporated in a natural and stable way to break
                 equimodularity and speed convergence. The three stages
                 use no shift, a fixed shift, and a variable shift,
                 respectively.\par

                 To obtain additional insight we recast the problem and
                 algorithm into matrix form. The third stage is inverse
                 iteration with the companion matrix, followed by
                 generalized Rayleigh iteration. A program implementing
                 the algorithm was written in a dialect of ALGOL 60 and
                 run on Stanford University's IBM 360/67. The program
                 has been extensively tested and testing is continuing.
                 For polynomials with complex coefficients and of
                 degrees ranging from 20 to 50, the time required to
                 calculate all zeros averages $ 8 n^2 $ milliseconds.
                 Timing information and a numerical example are
                 provided. A description of the implementation, an
                 analysis of the effects of finite-precision arithmetic,
                 an ALGOL 60 program, the results of extensive testing,
                 and a second program which clusters the zeros and
                 provides a posteriori error bounds will appear
                 elsewhere.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "52",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-68-107",
}

@TechReport{Koch:1968:RRA,
  author =       "F. Koch",
  title =        "The recognition of ranges in {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "University of Calgary",
  address =      "Calgary, AB, Canada",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:43:33 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Kunzi:1968:NMM,
  author =       "Hans Paul Kunzi and H. G. Tzschach and C. A. Zehnder",
  title =        "Numerical methods of mathematical optimization with
                 {ALGOL} and {FORTRAN} programs",
  publisher =    pub-ACADEMIC,
  address =      pub-ACADEMIC:adr,
  pages =        "x + 171",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1968",
  ISBN =         "0-12-428850-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-12-428850-8",
  LCCN =         "????",
  MRclass =      "65.30 (90.00) 65K05 65-02 90Cxx",
  MRnumber =     "37 #2413",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 27 17:58:26 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0124288502/wholesaleproductA/;
                 http://www.cbooks.com/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  note =         "Translation from German to English by {Werner} {C}.
                 {Rheinboldt} and {Cornelie} {J}. {Rheinboldt} of
                 \booktitle{Numerische Methoden der mathematischen
                 Optimierung (mit ALGOL und FORTRAN Programmen)}",
  series =       "Computer science and applied mathematics; a series of
                 monographs and textbooks",
  URL =          "http://www.cbooks.com/sqlnut/SP/search/gtsumt?source=&isbn=0124288502",
  ZMnumber =     "0171.40601",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); FORTRAN (Computer
                 program language); Mathematical optimization.",
  ZBmath =       "3273622",
}

@Article{MacLaren:1968:RAP,
  author =       "M. D. MacLaren",
  title =        "Remark on {Algorithm 272}: {Procedure} for the normal
                 distribution functions",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "498--498",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/363397.363553",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:20 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{MacLaren:1965:APN}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "probability functions",
}

@PhdThesis{Mailloux:1968:IA,
  author =       "Barry James Mailloux",
  title =        "On the implementation of {Algol 68}",
  school =       "University of Amsterdam",
  address =      "Amsterdam, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "36",
  day =          "12",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1968",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .M1879",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 13:01:50 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/18491/18491A.pdf;
                 https://lib.uva.nl/discovery/fulldisplay/alma990027594610205131/31UKB_UAM1_INST:UVA",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@TechReport{Mailloux:1968:PDR,
  author =       "B. J. Mailloux and J. E. L. Peck and C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "Penultimate draft report on the algorithmic language
                 {Algol 68}, 1: chapters 1--9",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Mathematisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam",
  address =      "Amsterdam, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 16:12:56 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/9180",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Milner:1968:SHA,
  author =       "R. Milner",
  title =        "String Handling in {Algol}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "321--324",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/10.4.321",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:39 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/4/321.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/100321.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/tiff/321.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/tiff/322.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/tiff/323.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_10/Issue_04/tiff/324.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Naur:1968:FGA,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "Features of the {GIER ALGOL 4} System",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "36--42",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01939976",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:10 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=8&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=8&issue=1&spage=36",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Nivat:1968:TLC,
  author =       "M. Nivat",
  title =        "Traduction des langages de {Chomsky}. ({French})
                 [{Translation} of {Chomsky} languages]",
  journal =      "Annales de l'Institut Fourier",
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "339--455",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 10:35:23 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{OBrien:1968:CAC,
  author =       "William M. O'Brien and Joan Wood",
  title =        "Certification of {Algorithm 299} [{S15}]:
                 {Chi-squared} integral",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "271--271",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:19 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "chi-squared; probability functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Corrections to an Algol procedure.",
}

@TechReport{Peck:1968:SA,
  author =       "J. E. L. Peck",
  title =        "The syntax of {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Department of Mathematics, University of Calgary",
  address =      "Calgary, AB, Canada",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 13:50:12 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Perstein:1968:GLB,
  author =       "M. H. Perstein",
  title =        "Grammar and Lexicon for Basic {JOVIAL}",
  type =         "SDC Report",
  number =       "TM-555/O5/O1A",
  institution =  "System Development Corporation",
  address =      "Santa Monica, CA, USA",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:23:54 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Pham:1968:CBP,
  author =       "Daniel Pham and Monique Ghinea",
  title =        "Compilation des boucles {Poue} dans le langage {ALGOL
                 60}. ({French}) [{Compilation} of {Poue} loops in the
                 {ALGOL 60} language]",
  journal =      "Bulletin math{\'e}matique de la {Soci{\'e}t{\'e} des
                 Sciences Math{\'e}matiques de la R{\'e}publique
                 Socialiste de Roumanie}",
  volume =       "12 (60)",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "131--141",
  year =         "1968",
  ISSN =         "0373-2908",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 20 11:41:03 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/43681553",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Pham:1968:RCD,
  author =       "Daniel Pham",
  title =        "Remarques sur la compilation du langage {Algol 60}",
  journal =      "Bulletin math{\'e}matique de la {Soci{\'e}t{\'e} des
                 Sciences Math{\'e}matiques de la R{\'e}publique
                 Socialiste de Roumanie}",
  volume =       "12 (60)",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "109--121",
  year =         "1968",
  ISSN =         "0373-2908",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 20 11:41:03 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/43679566",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Singleton:1968:AAPa,
  author =       "Richard C. Singleton",
  title =        "{Algorithm 338}: {Algol} Procedures For the {Fast
                 Fourier Transform} [{C6}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "773--776",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:22 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4170 (Differential equations)",
  corpsource =   "Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "fast Fourier transforms; subroutines",
}

@Article{Singleton:1968:AAPb,
  author =       "Richard C. Singleton",
  title =        "{Algorithm 339}: {An} {Algol} Procedure for the {Fast
                 Fourier Transform} with Arbitrary Factors [{C6}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "776--779",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:22 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4170 (Differential equations)",
  corpsource =   "Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "fast Fourier transforms; subroutines",
}

@Article{Siret:1968:DSC,
  author =       "L. Siret and M. Bellot and J.-P. Verjus",
  title =        "{DIAMAG 2}, syst{\`e}me conversationnel {\`a}
                 acc{\`e}s multiple. ({French}) [{DIAMAG 2}, multiple
                 access conversational system]",
  journal =      "Revue fran{\c{c}}aise d;informatique et de recherche
                 op{\'e}rationnelle",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "3--44",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 10:30:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@TechReport{vanWijngaarden:1968:DRA,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden and B. J. Mailloux and J. E. L.
                 Peck and C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "Draft report on the algorithmic language {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "MR 93",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 18 16:00:53 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{vanWijngaarden:1968:FDR,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden and B. J. Mailloux and J. E. L.
                 Peck and C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "Final draft report on the algorithmic language {ALGOL
                 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "MR 100",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 18 16:00:53 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{vanWijngaarden:1968:PDR,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden and B. J. Mailloux and J. E. L.
                 Peck and C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "Penultimate draft report on the algorithmic language
                 {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "MR 99",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 18 16:00:53 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{vanWijngaarden:1968:RAL,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden and B. J. Mailloux and J. E. L.
                 Peck and C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "Report on the algorithmic language {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "MR 101",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 18 16:00:53 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Published in \cite{vanWijngaarden:1969:RALa}.",
}

@TechReport{vanWijngaarden:1968:WDA,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden and B. J. Mailloux and J. E. L.
                 Peck and C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "Working document on the algorithmic language {ALGOL
                 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "MR 95",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 18 16:00:53 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Veltkamp:1968:APV,
  author =       "G. W. Veltkamp",
  title =        "{ALGOL} procedures voor het berekenen van een inwendig
                 product in dubbele precisie. ({Dutch}) [{ALGOL}
                 procedures for calculating an inner product in double
                 precision]",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "22",
  institution =  "RC-Informatie, Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven",
  address =      "Eindhoven, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 26 14:53:03 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@PhdThesis{Verjus:1968:ERD,
  author =       "J.-P. Verjus",
  title =        "{{\'E}}tude et r{\'e}alisation d un syst{\`e}me
                 {Algol} conversationnel. ({French}) [Study and creation
                 of a conversational {Algol} system]",
  type =         "{Dr.-Eng.}",
  school =       "Universit{\'e} de Grenoble",
  address =      "Grenoble, France",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 10:20:46 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Waite:1968:RPD,
  author =       "W. M. Waite",
  title =        "{R68-24}: a Proposal for Definitions in {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-17",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "522--523",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.1968.226930",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 13 17:40:49 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput.bib",
  URL =          "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1687389",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Trans. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Wilkes:1968:OIS,
  author =       "M. V. Wilkes",
  title =        "The outer and inner syntax of a programming language",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "260--263",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/11.3.260",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:41 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/11/3.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_11/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wilkes-maurice-v.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/11/3/260.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_11/Issue_03/110260.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_11/Issue_03/tiff/260.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_11/Issue_03/tiff/261.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_11/Issue_03/tiff/262.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_11/Issue_03/tiff/263.tif",
  ZMnumber =     "0174.48302",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Sir Maurice Vincent Wilkes (26 June 1913--29 November
                 2010)",
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; algorithmic languages; formal languages;
                 grammars",
  RSBM-number =  "77",
  ZBmath =       "3278861",
}

@Article{Wippermann:1968:DST,
  author =       "H.-W. Wippermann",
  title =        "{Definition von Schrankenzahlen in Triplex-Algol}.
                 ({German}) [{Definition} of Number Bounds in
                 {Triplex-Algol}]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "99--109",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1968",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "157.23905",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Wippermann:1968:IAS,
  author =       "H.-W. Wippermann",
  title =        "{Implementierung Eines Algol-Systems Mit
                 Schrankenzahlen}",
  journal =      "Angew. Informatik (Elektron. Datenverarbeitung)",
  volume =       "10",
  pages =        "189--194",
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@TechReport{Woodward:1968:NPA,
  author =       "P. M. Woodward",
  title =        "A narrative preview of {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "RRE Memorandum",
  number =       "2499",
  institution =  "Royal Radar Establishment",
  address =      "Malvern, Worcestershire, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1968",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:45:34 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Wooldridge:1968:IAP,
  author =       "R. (Roylance) Wooldridge",
  title =        "An introduction to {ALGOL} programming",
  publisher =    "English Universities Press",
  address =      "London, UK",
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "x + 173",
  year =         "1968",
  ISBN =         "0-340-04730-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-340-04730-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .W6 1968",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:12:45 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  abstract =     "Initial details of Algol. Various programme
                 constituents. The Elliott Algol input and output
                 system. Arrays and loops. Compound statements and
                 blocks. Jumps, conditional and unconditional
                 statements. Procedures. Summary of the main features of
                 Algol. Additional facilities. Details of telecode and
                 flexowriter. Representation of Algol 60 on 5-channel
                 tape for the Elliott 803 computer. Common errors made
                 in programme writing; programme checking. NCR Elliot
                 4100 Algol.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Agrawala:1969:WDL,
  author =       "Vishnu K. Agrawala and Johan G. Belinfante",
  title =        "Weight Diagrams for {Lie} Group Representations: {A}
                 Computer Implementation of {Freudenthal}'s Algorithm in
                 {ALGOL} and {FORTRAN}",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "301--314",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01935862",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  MRclass =      "68N15 03B70 22E70 68Q60",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:11 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=9&issue=4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=9&issue=4&spage=301",
  ZMnumber =     "0224.68004",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "BIT (Nordisk tidskrift for informationsbehandling)",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
  ZBmath =       "3356177",
}

@Article{Albrecht:1969:AAP,
  author =       "R. Albrecht and E. Visotschnig",
  title =        "{Algorithmus $9$. ALGOL-Prozeduren zu den
                 modifizierten Algorithmen nach Minty und Moore}.
                 ({German}) [{Algorithm} $9$. {ALGOL}-Procedures to the
                 modified algorithms according to {Minty} and {Moore}]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "76--81",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:51 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Graz, Austria",
  classification = "C7300",
  description =  "graph theory; subroutines",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  language =     "German",
}

@InProceedings{Andrews:1969:PCS,
  author =       "M. P. Andrews",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Informal Conference on {ALGOL 68
                 Implementation, University of British Columbia, August
                 1969}",
  title =        "Practical considerations in the storage of modes",
  publisher =    "University of British Columbia",
  address =      "Vancouver, BC, Canada",
  pages =        "78--84",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:09:07 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1969:APR,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Algorithms Policy, Revised {September, 1969} (Includes
                 {ALGOL}, {FORTRAN}, and {PL/I})",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "513--513",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 08 06:35:25 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1969:NAP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "The {NU ALGOL} programming system for {UNIVAC 1107}",
  publisher =    "Tapir",
  address =      "Trondheim, Norway",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1969",
  LCCN =         "QA76 .T74",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:12 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Trondheim. Norges tekniske h{\=o}gskole.
                 Regnesentret",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); Univac 1107
                 (Computer); Programming; Univac 1108 (Computer); ALGOL
                 (Langage de programmation); ALGOL (Computer program
                 language); Programming.",
}

@TechReport{Assabgui:1969:ESA,
  author =       "M. Assabgui and L. Trilling",
  title =        "Entr{\'e}es--Sorties {ALGOL 68}. ({French})
                 [{Input}--Outputs {ALGOL 68}]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "13",
  institution =  "D{\'e}partement d'Informatique, Universit{\'e} de
                 Montr{\'e}al",
  address =      "Montr{\'e}al, QC, Canada",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:17:15 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@TechReport{Bauer:1969:AWI,
  author =       "Henry Bauer and Sheldon Becker and Susan L. Graham and
                 Edwin Satterthwaite and George E. Forsythe and Robert
                 W. Floyd",
  title =        "{Algol W} Language Description",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "CS 110",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "ii + 103",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 11 16:27:56 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/forsythe-george-elmer.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://bitsavers.org/pdf/stanford/cs_techReports/CS110_ALGOL_W_Revised_Sep69.pdf",
  abstract =     "``A Contribution to the Development of ALGOL'' by
                 Niklaus Wirth and C. A. R. Hoare was the basis for a
                 compiler developed for the IBM 360 at Stanford
                 University. This report is a description of the
                 implemented language, ALGOL W. Historical background
                 and the goals of the language may be found in the Wirth
                 and Hoare paper
                 \cite{Wirth:1966:CDAb,Wirth:1966:ECD}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "George Elmer Forsythe (8 January 1917--9 April 1972)",
  tableofcontents = "Algol W Language Description / Henry Bauer, Sheldon
                 Becker, Susan L. Graham, and Edwin Satterthwaite /
                 1--65 \\
                 Algol W Error Messages / Henry R. Bauer, Sheldon
                 Becker, Susan L. Graham / 66--75 \\
                 Notes on Number Representation on System/360 and
                 Relations to Algol W / George E. Forsythe / 76--89 \\
                 Appendix: Algol W Deck Set-Up / Anonymous / 90--91 \\
                 Grammatical Description of Algol W / R. W. Floyd /
                 92--103",
}

@TechReport{Bauer:1969:AWR,
  author =       "Henry R. Bauer and Sheldon I. Becker and Susan L.
                 Graham and Robert W. Floyd and George E. Forsythe and
                 Edwin H. Satterthwaite",
  title =        "{ALGOL W} (revised)",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CS-TR-68-110",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:11:14 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/forsythe-george-elmer.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-68-110.html;
                 https://bitsavers.org/pdf/stanford/cs_techReports/CS110_ALGOL_W_Revised_Sep69.pdf",
  abstract =     "``\booktitle{A Contribution to the Development of
                 ALGOL}'' by Niklaus Wirth and C. A. R. Hoare [Comm.
                 ACM, v.9, no. 6 (June 1966), pp. 413-431] was the basis
                 for a compiler developed for the IBM 360 at Stanford
                 University. This report is a description of the
                 implemented language, ALGOL W. Historical background
                 and the goals of the language may be found in the Wirth
                 and Hoare paper.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Robert W. Floyd (8 June 1936--25 September 2001);
                 George Elmer Forsythe (8 January 1917--9 April 1972)",
  pdfpages =     "112",
  tableofcontents = "ALGOL W Language Description / Henry R. Bauer,
                 Sheldon Becker, Susan L. Graham, Edwin Satterthwaite /
                 1--65 \\
                 ALGOL W / Henry R. Bauer, Sheldon Becker, Susan L.
                 Graham / Error Messages / 66--75 \\
                 Notes on Number Representation on System/360 and
                 Relations to ALGOL W / George E. Forsythe / 76--89 \\
                 ALGOL W Deck Set-Up / 90--91 \\
                 Grammatical Description of ALGOL W / R. Floyd /
                 92--103",
}

@Article{Bemer:1969:PSH,
  author =       "Robert W. Bemer",
  title =        "A Politico-Social History of {Algol}? (With a
                 Chronology in the Form of a Log Book)",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "151--238",
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 11:26:56 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Article{Boussard:1969:IA,
  author =       "J. E. Boussard and C. Pair",
  title =        "Introduction {\`a} {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      "Revue fran{\c{c}}aise d'Informatique et de Recherche
                 Op{\'e}rationnelle",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "B-3",
  pages =        "17--52",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:31:53 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@TechReport{Bowlden:1969:ASF,
  author =       "H. J. Bowlden",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68} structural flowchart",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "69-1C4COMPS-R2",
  institution =  "Westinghouse Research Laboratories",
  address =      "Churchill, PA, USA",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:38:48 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Bowlden:1969:CIA,
  author =       "H. J. Bowlden",
  title =        "A comparative introduction to {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "69-1C4-COMPS-P2",
  institution =  "Westinghouse Research Laboratories",
  address =      "Churchill, PA, USA",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:36:06 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Bowlden:1969:EFC,
  author =       "H. J. Bowlden",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Informal Conference on {ALGOL 68
                 Implementation, University of British Columbia, August
                 1969}",
  title =        "Environmental factors in computer language design and
                 implementation",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "97--109",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:37:20 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Branquart:1969:OLS,
  author =       "P. Branquart and J. Lewi",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Informal Conference on {ALGOL 68}
                 Implementation, {University of British Columbia, August
                 1969}",
  title =        "On object language and storage allocation in {ALGOL
                 68} compilers",
  publisher =    "University of British Columbia",
  address =      "Vancouver, BC, Canada",
  pages =        "25--34",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:47:25 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Brockhaus:1969:BFT,
  author =       "M. Brockhaus and B. Rothmaier and P. Schroth",
  title =        "{Benutzeranleitung F{\"u}r Triplex-Algol Im System
                 Hydra 2}",
  type =         "Interner Bericht",
  number =       "69/11",
  institution =  "Inst. F. Informatik, Universit{\"a}t Karlsruhe",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, West Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@TechReport{Brown:1969:CRA,
  author =       "W. E. Brown",
  title =        "The cross-referencing of {ALGOL 68} syntax",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "University of Calgary",
  address =      "Calgary, AB, Canada",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 11:05:04 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Cobb:1969:CAS,
  author =       "S. M. Cobb",
  title =        "Certification of {Algorithm 47} [{S16}]: {Associated}
                 {Legendre} functions of the first kind for real or
                 imaginary arguments",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "635--636",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:28 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "associated Legendre functions of the first kind;
                 special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Numerous additional corrections and changes
                 to an Algol procedure.",
}

@Article{Feldman:1969:ABA,
  author =       "Jerome A. Feldman and Paul D. Rovner",
  title =        "An {Algol}-Based Associative Language",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "439--449",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:27 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Ai/Ai.misc.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Wiederhold.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hash.bib",
  abstract =     "A high level programming language for large, complex
                 associative structures has been designed and
                 implemented. The underlying data structure has been
                 implemented using a hash-coding technique. The
                 discussion includes a comparison with other work and
                 examples of applications of the language.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Stanford Univ., CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; associative; Associative; data structure; Data
                 Structure; data structures; LEAP; procedure oriented
                 languages; programming language; Programming Language;
                 SAIL",
  remark =       "Description of LEAP language and data structure of
                 binary relations.",
}

@InProceedings{Finch:1969:DAO,
  author =       "P. M. Finch",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Informal Conference on {ALGOL 68}
                 Implementation",
  title =        "Defining and applied occurrences of identifiers",
  publisher =    "University of British Columbia",
  address =      "Vancouver, BC, Canada",
  pages =        "110--117",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 11:11:05 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Fites:1969:SOG,
  author =       "P. E. Fites",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Informal Conference on {ALGOL 68}
                 Implementation",
  title =        "Storage organization and garbage collection in {ALGOL
                 68}",
  publisher =    "University of British Columbia",
  address =      "Vancouver, BC, Canada",
  pages =        "85--96",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 11:11:05 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gautschi:1969:ACE,
  author =       "Walter Gautschi",
  title =        "{Algorithm 363}: {Complex} Error Function [{S15}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "635--635",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:28 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  note =         "See certification \cite{Kolbig:1972:CAC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "$\erf(z)$; special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: 50-line Algol procedure with accuracy to 10
                 decimal places.",
}

@TechReport{Golub:1969:SVR,
  author =       "Gene H. Golub and Richard R. Underwood",
  title =        "Stationary Values of the Ratio of Quadratic Forms
                 Subject to Linear Constraints",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-69-142",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "22",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:11:14 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Theory/Matrix.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/golub-gene-h.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  note =         "Cited in {\AA}ke Bj{\"o}rck's bibliography on least
                 squares, which is available by anonymous ftp from {\tt
                 math.liu.se} in {\tt pub/references}.",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-69-142.html",
  abstract =     "Let $A$ be a real symmetric matrix of order $n$, $B$ a
                 real symmetric positive definite matrix of order $n$,
                 and $C$ an $ n \times p$ matrix of rank $r$ with $ r
                 \leq p < n$. We wish to determine vectors $ \underset ~
                 \to x $ for which $ {\underset ~ \to x}^T \ A \underset
                 ~ \to x \ / {\underset \to x}^T \ B \underset ~ \to x $
                 is stationary and $ C^T \underset ~ \to x \ = \underset
                 ~ \to \Theta $, the null vector. An algorithm is given
                 for generating a symmetric eigensystem whose
                 eigenvalues are the stationary values and for
                 determining the vectors $ \underset ~ \to x $. Several
                 Algol procedures are included.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Gene Howard Golub (February 29, 1932--November 16,
                 2007)",
  keywords =     "nla, geig, regularization",
  pdfpages =     "24",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-69-142",
}

@Article{Goos:1969:EEA,
  author =       "G. Goos",
  title =        "{Einige Eigenschaften von ALGOL 68}. ({German})
                 [{Some} properties of {ALGOL 68}]",
  journal =      j-ELEKTRON-DATENVERARB,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1969",
  ISSN =         "0374-3012",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:23:52 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "{Elektronische Datenverarbeitung}",
  language =     "German",
}

@TechReport{Goos:1969:IA,
  author =       "G. Goos",
  title =        "Eine Implementierung von {ALGOL 68}. ({German}) [{An}
                 implementation of {ALGOL 68}]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "6906",
  institution =  "Computing Centre, Technische Hochschule M{\"u}nchen",
  address =      "Munich, West Germay",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:19:30 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@InProceedings{Goos:1969:MRO,
  author =       "G. Goos and H. Scheidig and H. W{\"o}ssner",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Informal Conference on {ALGOL 68}
                 Implementation, {August 1969}",
  title =        "Mode representation and operator identification in
                 {ALGOL 68}",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "36--41",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:21:20 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@PhdThesis{Griffiths:1969:ADC,
  author =       "M. Griffiths",
  title =        "Analyse d{\'e}terministe et compilateurs. ({French})
                 [{Deterministic} analysis and compilers]",
  type =         "Doctorat d;{\'e}tat",
  school =       "Universit{\'e} de Grenoble",
  address =      "Grenoble, France",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 10:23:15 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
  remark =       "From \cite[page 15]{Mounier-Kuhn:2014:AFU}, ``[this]
                 dissertation on the automation of compiler production
                 was the first th{\`e}se d'{\'e}tat to be officially
                 labeled Informatique, instead of Sciences
                 appliqu{\'e}es.''",
}

@Article{Hellgren:1969:APC,
  author =       "Bo Hellgren",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Contribution no. 24: Algorithms
                 for the interpolation of a function defined by a
                 character string",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "283--293",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01946820",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:11 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=9&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  note =         "See remark \cite{Emery:1972:APR}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=9&issue=3&spage=283",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Herriot:1969:ADA,
  author =       "John G. Herriot",
  title =        "An ambiguity in the description of {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "581--581",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:28 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@MastersThesis{Hill:1969:FAT,
  author =       "Edward Burlingame Hill",
  title =        "A {FORTRAN} to {ALGOL} translator",
  type =         "Thesis (M.S.)",
  school =       "Oregon State University",
  address =      "Corvallis, OR, USA",
  pages =        "271",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); {Fortran} (Computer
                 program language).",
}

@Article{Igarashi:1969:A,
  author =       "S. Igarashi and T. Iwamura and K. Sakuma and T.
                 Simauti and T. Simuzu and S. Takasu and E. Wada and N.
                 Yoneda",
  title =        "{ALGOL-N$^+$}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "38--85",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1316865.1316867",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:06:06 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1960.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1316865.1316867",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@InProceedings{Jorrand:1969:TA,
  author =       "P. Jorrand",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the third annual {Princeton} conference
                 on information sciences and systems, {March 1969}",
  title =        "Tutorial on {ALGOL 68}",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "403--407",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:42:27 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Junginger:1969:BRH,
  author =       "W. Junginger",
  title =        "Book Review: {H. P. K{\"u}nzi. H. G. Tzschach und C.
                 A. Zehnder, Numerische Methoden der mathematischen
                 Optimierung mit ALGOL- und FORTRAN-Programmen
                 (Leitf{\"a}den der angewandten Mathematik und
                 Maechanik, Bd. 8)}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "87--87",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 04 08:52:40 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec,
  fjournal =     "Computing: Archiv f{\"u}r informatik und numerik",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@MastersThesis{Kaldenbach:1969:LGT,
  author =       "P. Kaldenbach",
  title =        "{Lineare Gleichungssysteme Und Triplex-Algol}",
  type =         "Diplomarbeit",
  school =       "Inst. F. Informatik, University Karlsruhe",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@Article{Kolbig:1969:CASa,
  author =       "K. S. K{\"o}lbig",
  title =        "Certification of {Algorithm 292} [{S22}]: {Regular}
                 {Coulomb} wave functions and of remark on {Algorithm
                 292} [{S22}]: {Regular} {Coulomb} wave functions",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "278--279",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:26 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "Coulomb wave functions; special functions",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Tests of an Algol procedure.",
}

@Article{Korenjak:1969:PMC,
  author =       "A. J. Korenjak",
  title =        "A practical method for constructing {LR} (k)
                 processors",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "613--623",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:28 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  abstract =     "A practical method for constructing LR(k) processors
                 is developed. These processors are capable of
                 recognizing and parsing an input during a single
                 no-backup scan in a number of steps equal to the length
                 of the input plus the number of steps in its
                 derivation. The technique presented here is based on
                 the original method described by Knuth, but decreases
                 both the effort required to construct the processor and
                 the size of the processor produced. This procedure
                 involves partitioning the given grammar into a number
                 of smaller parts. If an LR(k) processor can be
                 constructed for each part (using Knuth's algorithm) and
                 if certain conditions relating these individual
                 processors are satisfied, then an LR(k) processor for
                 the entire grammar can be constructed for them. Using
                 this procedure, an LR(1) parser for ALGOL has been
                 obtained.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors)",
  corpsource =   "RCA Lab., Princeton, NJ, USA",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "context-free language ALGOL; deterministic language;
                 grammars; language processor; LR(k) grammar; parser;
                 program compilers; syntactic analysis; syntax-directed
                 compiler; Turing machines",
}

@InProceedings{Koster:1969:SDP,
  author =       "C. H. A. Koster",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Informal Conference on {ALGOL 68}
                 Implementation, {August 1969}",
  title =        "Syntax directed parsing of {ALGOL 68} programs",
  publisher =    "University of British Columbia",
  address =      "Vancouver, BC, Canada",
  pages =        "61--69",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:46:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Landelle:1969:DTA,
  author =       "A. Landelle and J. Pleyber",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Informal Conference on {ALGOL 68}
                 Implementation",
  title =        "A definition of the translation of {ALGOL 60} to
                 {ALGOL 68}",
  publisher =    "University of British Columbia",
  address =      "Vancouver, BC, Canada",
  pages =        "49--60",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:51:53 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Lewi:1969:ILN,
  author =       "J. Lewi and P. Branquart",
  title =        "Implementation of local names in {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "R121",
  institution =  "MBLE Research Laboratory",
  address =      "Brussels, Belgium",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:55:33 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Lindsey:1969:ICR,
  author =       "C. H. Lindsey",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Informal Conference on {ALGOL 68}
                 Implementation",
  title =        "An {ISO}-code representation for {ALGOL 68}",
  publisher =    "University of British Columbia",
  address =      "Vancouver, BC, Canada",
  pages =        "1--24",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:58:53 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mailloux:1969:AEL,
  author =       "Barry J. Mailloux and John E. L. Peck",
  title =        "{Algol 68} as an extensible language",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "9--13",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1115858.1115861",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 29 07:36:29 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1115858.1115861",
  abstract =     "Most programming languages have one or more features
                 which may be considered as extensions of the language.
                 The most common such feature is the procedure, as it
                 exists in Algol 60 or in PL/I, or the subroutine in
                 Fortran. By means of this device it is \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@TechReport{Marshall:1969:AGC,
  author =       "S. Marshall",
  title =        "An {ALGOL 68} garbage collector",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "TM 0111",
  institution =  "Dartmouth College",
  address =      "Hanover, NH, USA",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 13:43:03 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Marshall:1969:PRA,
  author =       "S. Marshall",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Informal Conference on {ALGOL 68}
                 Implementation",
  title =        "Preliminary report on {ALGOL 68} implementation",
  publisher =    "University of British Columbia",
  address =      "Vancouver, BC, Canada",
  pages =        "42--48",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 13:05:18 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mazurkiewicz:1969:NEG,
  author =       "A. W. Mazurkiewicz",
  title =        "A note on enumerable grammars",
  journal =      j-INF-CONTROL,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "555--558",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "IFCNA4",
  ISSN =         "0019-9958 (print), 1878-2981 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0019-9958",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 13:44:31 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Information and Control",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00199958",
}

@Article{McGee:1969:GFP,
  author =       "William C. McGee",
  title =        "Generalized file processing",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "5",
  pages =        "77--149",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(69)90003-2",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 07:22:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Annu. Rev. Autom. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Article{Meek:1969:AXS,
  author =       "B. L. Meek",
  title =        "{ALGOL X}, some comments",
  journal =      j-COMPUT-BULL,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "298--298",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "COBUAH",
  ISSN =         "0010-4531 (print), 1464-357X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4531",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 13:46:07 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Bulletin",
}

@Article{Meertens:1969:GAP,
  author =       "L. Meertens",
  title =        "On the generation of {ALGOL 68} programs involving
                 infinite modes",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "90--92",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1316865.1316869",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:06:06 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1960.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1316865.1316869",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@Article{Mulholland:1969:STT,
  author =       "K. A. Mulholland",
  title =        "Software to translate {TELCOMP} programs into
                 {KDF9ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "221--224",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/12.3.221",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:43 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/3.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/3/221.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_03/120221.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_03/tiff/221.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_03/tiff/222.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_03/tiff/223.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_03/tiff/224.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors)",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; program interpreters; programming languages",
}

@TechReport{Nadrchal:1969:GLA,
  author =       "Jaroslav Nadrchal",
  title =        "Guide to the language {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Mathematics Institut, Czechoslovakia Academy of
                 Sciences",
  address =      "Praha, Czechoslovakia",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1969 (??)",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 13:48:16 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Nickel:1969:KBS,
  author =       "K. Nickel",
  title =        "{Das Kahan--Babuska'sche Summierungsverfahren in
                 Triplex-Algol 60}. ({German}) [{The}
                 {Kahan-Babu{\v{s}}ka} Summation Method in
                 {Triplex-Algol 60}]",
  type =         "Interner Bericht Des Inst. F. Informatik",
  number =       "69/3",
  institution =  "Universit{\"a}t Karlsruhe",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/k/kahan-william-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Published in \cite{Nickel:1970:KBS}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
  language =     "German",
}

@TechReport{Nickel:1969:KST,
  author =       "K. Nickel",
  title =        "{Das Kahan--Babuska'sche Summierungsverfahren in
                 Triplex-Algol 60}",
  type =         "Interner Bericht Des Inst. F. Informatik",
  number =       "69/3",
  institution =  "Universit{\"a}t Karlsruhe",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, West Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Published In: Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 50, 369--373,
                 1970",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@InProceedings{Nickel:1969:TA,
  author =       "K. Nickel",
  editor =       "E. Hansen",
  booktitle =    "Topics In Interval Analysis",
  title =        "{Triplex-Algol} and Applications",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "10--24",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@InCollection{Nickel:1969:TAA,
  author =       "Karl Nickel",
  title =        "{Triplex-Algol} and its applications",
  crossref =     "Hansen:1969:TIA",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 06 09:22:16 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Oswald:1969:BPT,
  author =       "W. Oswald",
  title =        "{Beschreibung Der Programmiersprache Triplex-Algol Und
                 Erstellung Eines Compilers In Algol 60}",
  type =         "Diplomarbeit",
  school =       "Inst. F. Informatik, University Karlsruhe",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@Article{Overholt:1969:APP,
  author =       "K. J. Overholt",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Partition Functions (modulo
                 $d$)",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "83--86",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01933543",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:10 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=9&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=9&issue=1&spage=83",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@InProceedings{Peck:1969:SMS,
  author =       "J. E. L. Peck",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Informal Conference on {ALGOL 68}
                 Implementation",
  title =        "On storage of modes and some context conditions",
  publisher =    "University of British Columbia",
  address =      "Vancouver, BC, Canada",
  pages =        "70--77",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:03:45 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Peter:1969:ZSGa,
  author =       "R. Peter",
  title =        "{Zur zweistufigen Satzstruktur-Grammatik}. ({German})
                 [{On} two-stage sentence-structure grammar]",
  journal =      "Studia Sci. Math. Hung.",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "455--456",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1969 (??)",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:08:03 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Peter:1969:ZSGb,
  author =       "R. Peter",
  title =        "{Zur zweistufigen Satzstruktur-Grammatik}. ({German})
                 [{On} two-stage sentence-structure grammar]",
  journal =      "Studia Sci. Math. Hung.",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "181--194",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1969 (??)",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:08:03 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Book{Rice:1969:ICS,
  author =       "John K. Rice and John R. Rice",
  title =        "Introduction to Computer Science; Problems,
                 Algorithms, Languages, Information and Computers",
  publisher =    pub-HRW,
  address =      pub-HRW:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 463",
  year =         "1969",
  ISBN =         "0-03-067525-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-03-067525-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .R472",
  MRclass =      "68-01 68Q05 68N01 68M01",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 29 13:33:27 2007",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rice-john-r.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Algol and Fortran appendices by Edouard Desautels.",
  ZMnumber =     "0217.53301",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "John Rischard Rice (6 June 1934--7 January 2024)",
  remark =       "Spanish translation, Interamericana, (1973), 438
                 pages. Japanese translation, CBS international, (1974),
                 3 volumes.",
  tableofcontents = "The formulation of problems \\
                 The structure of algorithms \\
                 Languages for algorithms \\
                 Computer organization \\
                 The construction of familiar algorithms \\
                 The representation of information \\
                 The classification of solution methods \\
                 The nature of errors and uncertainty",
  ZBmath =       "3346078",
}

@Article{Roberts:1969:ABL,
  author =       "John B. Roberts",
  title =        "An {Algol}-based language for defining collateral
                 execution of procedures in general and hybrid
                 programming in particular",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "17--37",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1316865.1316866",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:06:06 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1960.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1316865.1316866",
  abstract =     "Augmentations to Algol 60 are presented which in the
                 first place provide statements for the operation
                 devices by referring to them as reserved Algol
                 identifiers, and for the collateral execution of
                 procedures which use different devices. While explicit
                 sharing of a common data area is not allowed,
                 interaction is permitted if it can be expressed through
                 statements (syntactically similar to the device
                 statements) which address specially defined linking
                 primitives. In this way, reproducible behaviour is
                 guaranteed for programmes, operating ideally
                 asynchronous devices. Further facilities need to be
                 defined, however, for time critical operations
                 associated in particular with hybrid computing. Most of
                 the facilities have been implemented by using a
                 macro-generator.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@TechReport{Satterthwaite:1969:MEP,
  author =       "Edwin H. Satterthwaite",
  title =        "{MUTANT 0.5}: an experimental programming language",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "CS-TR-69-120",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:11:14 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-69-120.html",
  abstract =     "A programming language which continues the extension
                 and simplification of ALGOL 60 in the direction
                 suggested by EULER is defined and described. Techniques
                 used in an experimental implementation of that
                 language, called MUTANT 0.5, are briefly summarized.
                 The final section of this report is an attempt to
                 assess the potential value of the approach to
                 procedural programming language design exemplified by
                 MUTANT 0.5. Implementation and use of the experimental
                 system have indicated a sufficient number of conceptual
                 and practical problems to suggest that the general
                 approach is of limited value; however, a number of
                 specific features were found to be convenient, useful,
                 and adaptable to other philosophies of language
                 design.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "63",
}

@Article{Sauer:1969:RAR,
  author =       "G. Sauer",
  title =        "Remark on {Algorithm 268} [{R2}]: {ALGOL 60} reference
                 language editor",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "407--407",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:27 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Singleton:1969:AAC,
  author =       "Richard C. Singleton",
  title =        "{Algorithm 345}: {An} {Algol} Convolution Procedure
                 Based on the {Fast Fourier Transform} [{C6}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "179--184",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:25 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7300 (Natural sciences computing)",
  corpsource =   "Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "fast Fourier transforms; linear algebra; subroutines",
}

@Article{Singleton:1969:RAC,
  author =       "Richard C. Singleton",
  title =        "Remark on {Algorithm 339} [{C6}]: {An} {Algol}
                 procedure for the {Fast Fourier Transform} with
                 Arbitrary Factors",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "187--187",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:25 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@TechReport{Sintzoff:1969:GSA,
  author =       "Michel Sintzoff",
  title =        "Grammaires superpos{\'e}es et autres syst{\`e}mes
                 formels. ({French}) [{Superimposed} grammars and other
                 formal systems]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Journ{\'e}es d'{\'E}tude sur l'Analyse Syntaxique,
                 Centre d'Automatique Fontainebleau",
  address =      "Fontainebleau, France",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:21:31 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Sintzoff:1969:IDD,
  author =       "Michel Sintzoff",
  title =        "Introduction {\`a} la description d'{ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      "Revue fran{\c{c}}aise d'Informatique et de Recherche
                 Op{\'e}rationnelle",
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "B-3",
  pages =        "3--16",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:23:38 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Sintzoff:1969:RDR,
  author =       "Michel Sintzoff and P. Branquart and J. Lewi and P. L.
                 Wodon",
  title =        "Remarks on the Draft Reports on {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "R96",
  institution =  "MBLE Research Laboratory",
  address =      "Brussels, Belgium",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:25:39 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Sipala:1969:FDA,
  author =       "P. Sipala",
  title =        "Formatting and display of {Algol} expressions",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "365--367",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/12.4.365",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:43 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/4/365.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_04/120365.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_04/tiff/365.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_04/tiff/366.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_04/tiff/367.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6150J (Operating systems)",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; input-output programs; utility programs",
}

@Book{Somerville:1969:EAP,
  author =       "Joan Somerville",
  title =        "{Elliott 503 ALGOL} programming manual",
  publisher =    "Department of Information Science, Victoria University
                 of Wellington",
  address =      "Wellington, NZ",
  edition =      "Fifth",
  pages =        "170",
  year =         "1969",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:05 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Course material. These notes were originally written
                 by Joan Somerville for use in conjunction with a 503
                 Algol course run by staff of the Applied Mathematics
                 Division, D.S.I.R. The Algol 1 and Algol 3 manuals have
                 been merged to form a complete Algol manual.",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); Computer
                 programming; ALGOL (Langage de programmation);
                 Programmation (Informatique); computer programming.;
                 ALGOL (Computer program language); Computer
                 programming.",
}

@Article{Stetter:1969:BRP,
  author =       "H. J. Stetter",
  title =        "Book Review: {Proc{\'e}dures ALGOL en Analyse
                 Num{\'e}rique}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "386--386",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 04 08:57:52 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Stetter:1969:BRR,
  author =       "H. J. Stetter",
  title =        "Book Review: {R. Herschel, ALGOL: -- {\"U}bungen}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "184--184",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 04 08:56:48 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{TadeudeMedeiros:1969:APF,
  author =       "Adilson {Tadeu de Medeiros} and Georges Schwachheim",
  title =        "{Algorithm 349}: {Polygamma} Functions with Arbitrary
                 Precision [{S14}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "213--214",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:25 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  note =         "See certification \cite{Lewis:1975:CPF}.",
  abstract =     "This procedure assigns to polygam the value of the
                 polygamma function of order n for any real argument
                 $z$. For $ n = 0$, we have the psi or digamma function,
                 for $ n = 1$ the trigamma function, for $ n = 2$ the
                 tetragamma function, and so on.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  classcodes =   "C7300 (Natural sciences computing)",
  corpsource =   "Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de
                 Janeiro, Brazil",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "digamma function; mathematics; polygamma function; psi
                 function; special functions; subroutines; tetragamma
                 function; trigamma function",
  remark =       "Fullerton: 150-line Algol procedure.",
}

@TechReport{vanderMeulen:1969:IIA,
  author =       "S. G. van der Meulen and C. H. Lindsey",
  title =        "Informal introduction to {ALGOL 68}: 4th draft",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "301",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:05:58 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/6762",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "No PDF available.",
}

@Article{vanWijngaarden:1969:RALa,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden and B. J. Mailloux and J. E. L.
                 Peck and C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "Report on the Algorithmic Language {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "79--218",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02163002",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 31 15:47:50 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nummath.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.fh-jena.de/~kleine/history/languages/Algol68-Report.pdf;
                 http://www.fh-jena.de/~kleine/history/languages/Algol68-RevisedReport.pdf;
                 https://web.archive.org/web/20080406061108/http://www.fh-jena.de/~kleine/history/languages/Algol68-Report.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/211",
  remark =       "This was the official report of the ALGOL 68
                 Committee, which Edsger Dijkstra had been part of.
                 However, he and seven others disagreed with the final
                 report, withdrew from the Committee, and wrote a
                 rebuttal \cite{Anonymous:1970:NIM}. The report was
                 later translated to Bulgarian, French, German, and
                 Russian \cite{Peck:1978:ASP}",
  subject-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015)",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction / 84--87 \\
                 Language and Metalanguage / 88--98 \\
                 The Computer and the Program / 98--105 \\
                 Basic Tokens and General Constructions / 105--113 \\
                 Identification and the Context Conditions / 113--120
                 \\
                 Denotations / 120--133 \\
                 Phrases / 133--140 \\
                 Unitary Declarations / 140--148 \\
                 Unitary Clauses / 148--170 \\
                 Extensions / 170--174 \\
                 Standard Prelude and Postlude / 174--204 \\
                 Examples / 204--212 \\
                 Glossary / 212--218 \\
                 Back Matter / 219--221",
}

@Book{vanWijngaarden:1969:RALb,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden and B. J. Mailloux and J. E. L.
                 Peck and C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "Report of Algorithmic Language {ALGOL 68}",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "79--218",
  year =         "1969",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-39504-2",
  ISBN =         "3-662-38647-X (print), 3-662-39504-5 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-662-38647-7 (print), 978-3-662-39504-2
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.A43",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 21 08:29:19 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Handbook for Automatic Computation",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-662-39504-2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  series-editor = "A. van Wijngaarden",
  subject-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015)",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction / 84--87 \\
                 Language and Metalanguage / 88--98 \\
                 The Computer and the Program / 98--105 \\
                 Basic Tokens and General Constructions / 105--113 \\
                 Identification and the Context Conditions / 113--120
                 \\
                 Denotations / 120--133 \\
                 Phrases / 133--140 \\
                 Unitary Declarations / 140--148 \\
                 Unitary Clauses / 148--170 \\
                 Extensions / 170--174 \\
                 Standard Prelude and Postlude / 174--204 \\
                 Examples / 204--212 \\
                 Glossary / 212--218 \\
                 Back Matter / 219--221",
  xxauthor =     "B. J. Mailloux and J. E. L. Peck and C. H. A. Koster",
}

@Article{vanWijngaarden:1969:SOA,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden and B. J. Mailloux and J. E. L.
                 Peck and C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "Soobshchenie ob algoritmicheskom yazyke {ALGOL 68}.
                 ({Russian}) [Report on the algorithmic language {ALGOL
                 68}]",
  journal =      j-KIBERNETIKA,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "KBRNA5",
  ISSN =         "0023-1274",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:37:15 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Text in Russian and English. Translation to Russian by
                 A. A. B{\"a}hrs, A. P. Ershov, L. L. Zmievskaya and A.
                 F. Rar.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Kibernetika",
}

@TechReport{Veltkamp:1969:APV,
  author =       "G. W. Veltkamp",
  title =        "{ALGOL} procedures voor het rekenen in dubbele lengte.
                 ({Dutch}) [{ALGOL} procedures for double-length
                 arithmetic]",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "21",
  institution =  "RC-Informatie, Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven",
  address =      "Eindhoven, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 26 14:53:03 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@TechReport{Wegner:1969:SRV,
  author =       "P. Wegner",
  title =        "Some remarks on {VWF} notation",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "69-12",
  institution =  "Center for Computing and Information Sciences, Brown
                 University",
  address =      "Providence, RI, USA",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:40:31 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Westland:1969:ASP,
  author =       "J. Westland",
  title =        "An {ALGOL 68} syntax and parser",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "University of Calgary",
  address =      "Calgary, AB, Canada",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1969",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:41:49 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wood:1969:LEF,
  author =       "Derick Wood",
  title =        "Letter to the {Editor}: {A} few more trouble spots in
                 {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "247--248",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/362946.362957",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 25 18:20:26 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Knuth:1967:RTS}.",
  abstract =     "On recently rereading Don Knuth's article ``The
                 Remaining Trouble Spots in ALGOL 60'' [Comm. ACM 10
                 (Oct. 1967), 611--618], I found that he had omitted
                 some corrections to ``Report on the Algorithmic
                 Language ALGOL 60'' [Comm. ACM 8, 5 (May 1960),
                 299--314].",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Zaremba:1969:SAI,
  author =       "W. A. Zaremba",
  title =        "A syntax for {Algol} input\slash output formats",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "342--348",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1969",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/12.4.342",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:43 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1960.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/4/342.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_04/120342.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_04/tiff/342.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_04/tiff/343.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_04/tiff/344.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_04/tiff/345.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_04/tiff/346.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_04/tiff/347.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_12/Issue_04/tiff/348.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "algol",
}

@Manual{Anonymous:196x:SAT,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{SHARE ALGOL 60} Translator Manual",
  organization = "SHARE Distribution Agency, IBM",
  address =      "????",
  year =         "196x",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:13:30 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Document numbers 1426 and 1577",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Koster:196x:ERA,
  author =       "C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "Efficient Rekenen in {ALGOL}. ({Dutch}) [{Efficient}
                 computing in {ALGOL}]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  year =         "196x",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 13:20:40 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Abramson:1970:POS,
  author =       "H. D. Abramson",
  title =        "A Partial Ordering of Some of the Elements of
                 {Algol}",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6--9",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01940886",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:11 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=10&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=10&issue=1&spage=6",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Ahrens:1970:PRN,
  author =       "J. H. Ahrens and Ulrich Dieter and A. Grube",
  title =        "Pseudo-Random Numbers. {A} New Proposal for the Choice
                 of Multiplicators",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "121--138",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:51 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/prng.bib; INSPEC
                 Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Nova Scotia Tech. Coll., Halifax, NS, Canada",
  classification = "C7890",
  description =  "random number generation; subroutines",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  keywords =     "ALGOL subroutines; autocorrelation of sequence; choice
                 of multiplicators; FORTRAN subroutines; pseudo-random
                 numbers",
}

@Article{Alefeld:1970:AAA,
  author =       "G. Alefeld and J. Herzberger",
  title =        "{Algol-60 Algorithmen zur Aufl{\"o}sung linearer
                 Gleichungssysteme mit Fehlererfassung}. ({German})
                 [{Algol-60} Algorithms for Solution of Linear Systems
                 of Equation with Error Control]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "28--34",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr # " and" # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ. Karlsruhe, West Germany",
  classification = "C4110; C4140; C7310",
  description =  "error analysis; linear algebra; subroutines",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60 algorithms; error bounds; systems of linear
                 equations",
  language =     "German",
}

@TechReport{Andrews:1970:CRA,
  author =       "M. P. Andrews and J. E. L. Peck",
  title =        "Cross reference of the {ALGOL 68} transput routines",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "University of British Columbia",
  address =      "Vancouver, BC, Canada",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:14:02 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:1970:IAWb,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Introduction to {ALGOL W} programming",
  publisher =    "University of Bristol",
  address =      "Bristol, UK",
  pages =        "i + 182",
  year =         "1970",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:30 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Produced for the South-West Universities Computer
                 Network.",
}

@TechReport{Baecker:1970:GCV,
  author =       "H. D. Baecker",
  title =        "Garbage collection for virtual memory systems",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "University of Calgary",
  address =      "Calgary, AB, Canada",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:22:07 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Baecker:1970:IAH,
  author =       "H. D. Baecker",
  title =        "Implementing the {ALGOL 68} Heap",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "405--414",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01935562",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:11 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=10&issue=4;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=10&issue=4&spage=405",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Baecker:1970:UAT,
  author =       "H. D. Baecker",
  title =        "The use of {Algol 68} for trees",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--27",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/13.1.25",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:44 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_13/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/1/25.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_13/Issue_01/130025.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_13/Issue_01/tiff/25.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_13/Issue_01/tiff/26.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_13/Issue_01/tiff/27.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C6130 (Data handling techniques); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; computers; computers, language; data handling;
                 data structures; fa; programming; trees (mathematics)",
}

@TechReport{Baker:1970:AVW,
  author =       "J. L. Baker",
  title =        "Acceptors from {van Wijngaarden} grammars",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "70-02-10",
  institution =  "Computer Science Group, University of Washington",
  address =      "Seattle, WA, USA",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:27:54 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Baker:1970:SAP,
  author =       "J. L. Baker",
  title =        "The syntax of {ALGOL 68}, property grammars, and
                 context-sensitive languages",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "University of Calgary",
  address =      "Calgary, AB, Canada",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:26:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Baker:1970:SFP,
  author =       "J. L. Baker",
  title =        "Some formal properties of the syntax of {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Computer Science Group, University of Washington",
  address =      "Seattle, WA, USA",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:29:36 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Batson:1970:MSS,
  author =       "A. Batson and Shy-Ming M. Ju and D. C. Wood",
  title =        "Measurements of Segment Size",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "155--159",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:26:09 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  abstract =     "Distributions of segment sizes measured under routine
                 operating conditions on a computer system which
                 utilizes variable sized segments (the Burroughs B5500)
                 are discussed. The most striking feature of the
                 measurements is the large number of small
                 segments-about 60\% of the segments in use contain less
                 than 40 words. Although the results are certainly not
                 installation independent, and although they are
                 particularly influenced by features of the B5500 ALGOL
                 system, they should be relevant to the design of new
                 computer systems, especially with respect to the
                 organization of paging schemes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6150J (Operating systems)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "computers; dynamic memory management; operating
                 systems; storage allocation",
}

@Article{Berry:1970:IIM,
  author =       "Daniel M. Berry",
  title =        "The importance of implementation models in {ALGOL 68}:
                 or how to discover the concept of necessary
                 environment",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "14--24",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 25 06:40:57 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@Article{Blake:1970:RPP,
  author =       "L. F. Blake and R. E. Lawson and I. M. Yuille",
  title =        "A ring processing package for use with {FORTRAN} or a
                 similar high-level language",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "40--47",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/13.1.40",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:44 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_13/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/1/40.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_13/Issue_01/130040.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_13/Issue_01/tiff/40.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_13/Issue_01/tiff/41.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_13/Issue_01/tiff/42.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_13/Issue_01/tiff/43.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_13/Issue_01/tiff/44.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_13/Issue_01/tiff/45.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_13/Issue_01/tiff/46.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_13/Issue_01/tiff/47.tif",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a software package that enables
                 associative data structures to be represented in a
                 computer store by means of rings of address pointers
                 connecting blocks of data in an orderly manner. The
                 package has been implemented on a KDF9 computer with a
                 disk store operated by the Egdon 3 system. The software
                 is written in machine code but by means of a set of
                 small auxiliary routines operations may be carried out
                 by calling FORTRAN subroutines. By this means
                 manipulations of associative data occupying up to two
                 million words may be included in FORTRAN programs. By
                 writing different auxiliary routines the package could
                 be used in ALGOL or another high level language.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6120 (File organisation); C6130 (Data handling
                 techniques)",
  corpsource =   "Admiralty Res. Lab., Teddington, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "computers; data handling; data structures; LLE;
                 programming",
}

@TechReport{Boussard:1970:REAa,
  author =       "J. C. Boussard and J. J. Duby",
  title =        "Rapport d'{\'e}valuation d'{ALGOL 68}. ({French})
                 [{ALGOL 68} evaluation report]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "IMAG and Centre Scientifique IBM France",
  address =      "Grenoble, France",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:33:47 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Boussard:1970:REAb,
  author =       "J. C. Boussard and J. J. Duby",
  title =        "Rapport d'{\'e}valuation d'{ALGOL 68}. ({French})
                 [{ALGOL 68} evaluation report]",
  journal =      "Revue fran{\c{c}}aise d'Informatique et de Recherche
                 Op{\'e}rationnelle",
  volume =       "B-1",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:33:47 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@TechReport{Bowlden:1970:STB,
  author =       "H. J. Bowlden",
  title =        "A symbol table for the {B-6500}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "70-1K4-COMPS-R1",
  institution =  "Westinghouse Research Laboratories",
  address =      "Churchill, PA, USA",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:39:54 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Boyle:1970:ASA,
  author =       "J. M. Boyle and A. A. Grau",
  title =        "An Algorithmic Semantics for {ALGOL 60} Identifier
                 Denotation",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "361--382",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411 (print), 1557-735X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 6 11:55:19 1994",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jacm.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Assoc. Comput. Mach.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/jacm",
}

@TechReport{Branquart:1970:APSa,
  author =       "P. Branquart and J. Lewi",
  title =        "Analysis of the parenthesis structure of {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "R130",
  institution =  "MBLE Research Laboratory",
  address =      "Brussels, Belgium",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:58:04 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Branquart:1970:CFS,
  author =       "P. Branquart and J. Lewi and J. P. Cardinael",
  title =        "A context-free syntax of {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Technical Note",
  number =       "N66",
  institution =  "MBLE Research Laboratory",
  address =      "Brussels, Belgium",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:44:51 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Branquart:1970:GPA,
  author =       "P. Branquart and J. Lewi",
  title =        "General principles of an {ALGOL 68} garbage
                 collector",
  type =         "Technical Note",
  number =       "N60",
  institution =  "MBLE Research Laboratory",
  address =      "Brussels, Belgium",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:49:22 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Branquart:1970:ICAa,
  author =       "P. Branquart and L. Lewi",
  title =        "On the implementation of coercions in {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "R123",
  institution =  "MBLE Research Laboratory",
  address =      "Brussels, Belgium",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:51:20 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Branquart:1970:ICAb,
  author =       "P. Branquart and L. Lewi",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the International Computing Symposium,
                 Bonn, 1970",
  title =        "On the implementation of coercions in {ALGOL 68}",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:53:30 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Branquart:1970:LGA,
  author =       "P. Branquart and J. Lewi and J. P. Cardinael",
  title =        "Local generators and the {ALGOL 68} working stack",
  type =         "Technical Note",
  number =       "N62",
  institution =  "MBLE Research Laboratory",
  address =      "Brussels, Belgium",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:53:54 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Branquart:1970:QAI,
  author =       "P. Branquart and J. Lewi",
  title =        "Quelques aspects de l'implementation d'{ALGOL 68}.
                 ({French}) [{Some} aspects of the implementation of
                 {ALGOL 68}]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "S{\'e}minaire de Programmation, IMAG 1968--69",
  address =      "Grenoble, France",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 11:03:09 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@TechReport{Branquart:1970:SCA,
  author =       "P. Branquart and J. Lewi",
  title =        "Structure d'un compilateur d'{ALGOL 68}. ({French})
                 [{Structure} of an {ALGOL 68} compiler]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "R130",
  institution =  "MBLE Research Laboratory",
  address =      "Brussels, Belgium",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:59:34 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@TechReport{Branquart:1970:SCS,
  author =       "P. Branquart and J. Lewi and Michel Sintzoff and P. L.
                 Wodon",
  title =        "Structural composition of semantics in {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "R125",
  institution =  "MBLE Research Laboratory",
  address =      "Brussels, Belgium",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 10:55:22 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Branquart:1970:SSA,
  author =       "P. Branquart and J. Lewi",
  title =        "A scheme of storage allocation and garbage collection
                 for {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "R133",
  institution =  "MBLE Research Laboratory",
  address =      "Brussels, Belgium",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 11:01:00 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bray:1970:CAR,
  author =       "T. Bray",
  title =        "Certification of {Algorithm 22, Ricatti--Bessel
                 Functions of First and Second Kind}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "448--448",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 29 21:49:15 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  remark =       "Fullerton: An error in an Algol procedure is
                 reported.",
}

@Article{Businger:1970:APU,
  author =       "P. Businger",
  title =        "{Algol} programming: Updating a Singular Value
                 Decomposition",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "376--385",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01934207",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:11 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=10&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=10&issue=3&spage=376",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Charmonman:1970:CSA,
  author =       "S. Charmonman",
  title =        "A comparison of the structures of {APL}, {FORTRAN},
                 {ALGOL} and {PL/I}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "22--24",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 25 06:40:57 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@TechReport{Cocke:1970:PLT,
  author =       "John Cocke and J. T. Schwartz",
  title =        "Programming Languages and Their Compilers: Preliminary
                 Notes",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York
                 University",
  address =      "251 Mercer Street, New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "771",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 10 13:45:57 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  note =         "Second Revised Version",
  URL =          "https://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/FORTRAN/CockeSchwartz_ProgLangCompilers.pdf",
  abstract =     "Our aim in the present volume is to describe the inner
                 working of a variety of programming languages,
                 especially from the point of view of the compilers
                 which translate these languages from their original
                 ``source'' form into executable machine code. While
                 this aim will of course make it necessary for us to
                 describe in some detail the external form of each of
                 the languages which we shall study, no more detail will
                 be given than is strictly necessary in order to make it
                 possible for the reader to gain a clear view of the
                 machine code forms into which the language will be
                 translated and of the problems that a compiler for the
                 language must handle. However, internal description of
                 the languages studied will be carried rather far. Thus
                 the attentive reader of the present work should gain a
                 rather good idea of the methods which can be employed
                 to write a compiler for a given language. On the other
                 hand, he cannot expect to find in this book the
                 detailed account of the source conventions for any
                 language which he would need to use the language.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algol; Fortran; LISP; PL/1; SNOBOL",
  tableofcontents = "Preface / 1 \\
                 1 Overview / 6 \\
                 2 The principal subprocess / 27 \\
                 3 The lexical scan / 114 \\
                 4 Data-directed parsing methods / 138 \\
                 5 Rigorous results concerning the principal syntactic
                 analysis methods / 274 \\
                 6 Optimization methods for algebraic languages / 306
                 \\
                 7 Special purpose languages: LISP and SNOBOL / 524 \\
                 8 The self-compiling compiler / 642 \\
                 Bibliography / 661 \\
                 Appendix I: A bibliography of formal language theory /
                 693 \\
                 Appendix II: Industrial compiler practice / 729
                 Appendix III: Comparative figures for various compilers
                 / 764",
}

@Article{Cody:1970:RAC,
  author =       "W. J. Cody and Kathleen A. Paciorek",
  title =        "Remark on {Algorithm} 292 [{S22}]: Regular {Coulomb}
                 Wave Functions",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "573",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 16 23:58:51 1994",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/c/cody-william-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-wjc,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  remark =       "Fullerton: More modifications to an Algol procedure.",
}

@Article{Crespi-Reghizzi:1970:LTG,
  author =       "S. Crespi-Reghizzi and R. Morpurgo",
  title =        "A language for treating graphs",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "319--323",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:26:09 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  abstract =     "A language for the representation of graphs is
                 described, and the formulation of graph operations such
                 as node and\slash or link deletion or insertion, union,
                 intersection, comparison, and traversal of graphs is
                 given. Graphs are represented by linked lists. The
                 language is syntactically defined as an extension to
                 ALGOL 60, and it is translated into ALGOL by means of a
                 syntax-driven compiler. Application areas for this
                 language are operation research, network problems,
                 control theory, traffic problems, etc.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6130 (Data handling techniques); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  corpsource =   "Politecnico di Milano, Italy",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "automatic control, analysis; computers; data handling;
                 data structures; electric circuits, analysis; graph
                 theory; operations research; procedure oriented
                 languages",
}

@TechReport{deBakker:1970:FDP,
  author =       "J. W. (Jacobus Willem) de Bakker",
  title =        "Formal definition of programming languages: with an
                 application to the definition of {Algol 60}",
  volume =       "16",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "207",
  year =         "1970",
  ISBN =         "90-6196-022-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-90-6196-022-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .B25 1970",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:05 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Mathematical Centre tracts",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Dijkstra:1970:CPA,
  author =       "Edsger W. Dijkstra",
  title =        "Cursus programmeren in {Algol 60}: 11e uitg. ({Dutch})
                 [{Course} in programming in {Algol 60}: 11th edition]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam",
  address =      "Amsterdam, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 16 08:14:00 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/MCReps/CR1970-013.PDF",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
  filesize =     "2034 KB",
  language =     "Dutch",
  oldlabel =     "EWD:CR1970.013",
}

@Article{Douglas:1970:BRB,
  author =       "A. S. Douglas",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Report on the Algorithmic
                 Language, Algol 68}}, by A. van Wijngaarden}",
  journal =      j-J-R-STAT-SOC-SER-A-GENERAL,
  volume =       "133",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "486--487",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "JSSAEF",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/2343572",
  ISSN =         "0035-9238",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9238",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 24 11:18:13 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://www.jstor.org/stable/i315953;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jrss-a-1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2343572",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A
                 (General)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journals/00359238.html",
}

@TechReport{Fites:1970:ECA,
  author =       "P. E. Fites",
  title =        "On error classes in {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "University of Alberta",
  address =      "Edmonton, AB, Canada",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 11:14:03 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Florian:1970:BRD,
  author =       "H. Florian",
  title =        "Book Review: {D. J. Malcolme-Lawes,
                 Programming-ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "376--376",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 04 08:41:56 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Florian:1970:BRR,
  author =       "H. Florian",
  title =        "Book Review: {R. Herschel, Anleitung zum praktischen
                 Gebrauch von ALGOL 60, 3. Aufl.}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "375--375",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 04 08:41:55 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@Article{Gautschi:1970:RAD,
  author =       "Walter Gautschi and Bruce J. Klein",
  title =        "Remark on {Algorithm 282, Derivatives of $ e^x / x $,
                 $ \cos (x) / x $, and $ \sin (x) / x $}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "53--54",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/361953.361988",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 30 07:27:17 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gautschi-walter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Gautschi:1966:AD}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Corrections are given for several Algol
                 procedures.",
}

@TechReport{Goos:1970:IAF,
  author =       "G. Goos and H. Scheidig",
  title =        "Une implementation d'{ALGOL 68}. ({French}) [{An}
                 implementation of {ALGOL 68}]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "S{\'e}minaire de Programmation, IMAG 1968--69",
  address =      "Grenoble, France",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:25:55 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@TechReport{Goyer:1970:GCI,
  author =       "Pierre Goyer",
  title =        "A Garbage Collector to be Implemented on a {CDC
                 3100}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "34",
  institution =  "D{\'e}partement d'Informatique, Universit{\'e} de
                 Montr{\'e}al",
  address =      "Montr{\'e}al, QC, Canada",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:28:06 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Herzberger:1970:IAS,
  author =       "J. Herzberger",
  title =        "{Intervallm{\"a}{\ss}ige Auswertung von
                 Standardfunktionen in Algol-60}. ({German}) [{ALGOL}-60
                 procedures evaluating standard functions in interval
                 analysis]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "377--384",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr # " and" # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ. Karlsruhe, West Germany",
  classification = "C4120; C7310",
  description =  "function evaluation; subroutines",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  language =     "German",
  xxnote =       "Same title as \cite{Krawczyk:1970:IAS}.",
}

@Article{Hill:1970:AASa,
  author =       "G. W. Hill",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 395}: {Student}'s $t$-Distribution",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "617--619",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:26:09 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{elLozy:1979:RAS,Hill:1981:RSD}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  classcodes =   "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "CSIRO, Glen Osmond, Australia",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "statistics; subroutines",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Description of a 50-line Algol procedure.",
}

@Article{Hill:1970:AASb,
  author =       "G. W. Hill",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 396}: {Student}'s $t$-Quantiles",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "619--620",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:26:09 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  note =         "See also
                 \cite{Hill:1981:RSD,Hill:1981:RSQ,elLozy:1979:RAS}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  classcodes =   "C4120 (Functional analysis); C7310 (Mathematics
                 computing)",
  corpsource =   "CSIRO, Glen Osmond, Australia",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "function evaluation; statistics; subroutines",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Description of a 50-line Algol procedure.",
}

@TechReport{Hill:1970:ARA,
  author =       "V. Hill",
  title =        "{Automatische rekursive Adressenberechnung f{\"u}r
                 h{\"o}here Programmiersprachen, insbesondere f{\"u}r
                 ALGOL 68}. ({German}) [{Automatic} recursive address
                 calculation for higher programming languages,
                 especially for {ALGOL 68}]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Technische Hochschule M{\"u}nchen",
  address =      "Munich, West Germay",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:29:37 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Hill:1970:SD,
  author =       "G. W. Hill",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 395}: {Student}'s $t$-Distribution",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "617--619",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 08 09:47:54 1994",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toms.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{elLozy:1979:RAS,Hill:1981:RSD}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/toms",
}

@Article{Hill:1970:SQ,
  author =       "G. W. Hill",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 396}: {Student}'s $t$-Quantiles",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "619--620",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu Apr 29 15:20:10 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toms.bib",
  note =         "See remarks
                 \cite{Hill:1981:RSD,Hill:1981:RSQ,elLozy:1979:RAS}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/toms",
}

@TechReport{Hodgson:1970:AES,
  author =       "G. S. Hodgson",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68} extended syntax",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, University of
                 Manchester",
  address =      "Manchester, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:38:16 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hunter:1970:APA,
  author =       "D. B. Hunter",
  title =        "{ALGOL} programming: Analysis of the Outer Product of
                 Symmetric Group Representations",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "106--114",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01940894",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:11 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=10&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=10&issue=1&spage=106",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@TechReport{Igarashi:1970:SAL,
  author =       "Shigeru Igarashi",
  title =        "Semantics of {ALGOL}-Like Statements",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-70-167 (AIM-129, AD712460)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "iii + 95",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 21 14:21:14 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  abstract =     "The semantics of elementary Algol-like statements is
                 discussed, mainly based on an axiomatic
                 method.\par

                 Firstly, a class of Algol-like statements is introduced
                 by generalized inductive definition, and the
                 interpretation of the statements belonging to it is
                 defined in the form of a function over this class,
                 using the induction principle induced by the above
                 definition. Then a category of program is introduced in
                 order to clarify the concept of equivalence of
                 statements, which becomes a special case of isomorphism
                 in that category.\par

                 A revised formal system representing the concept of
                 equivalence of Algol-like statements is presented,
                 followed by elementary metatheorems.\par

                 Finally, a process of decomposition of Algol-like
                 statements, which can be regarded as a conceptual
                 compiler, or a constructive description of semantics
                 based on primitive actions, is defined and its
                 correctness is proved formally, by the help of the
                 induced induction principle.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "101",
}

@Article{Innis:1970:BRA,
  author =       "George Innis",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Algol 68}}, by A. van
                 Wijngaaden, B. M. Mailloux, J. E. L. Peck, C. H. A.
                 Koster}",
  journal =      j-BIOMETRICS,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "871--872",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "BIOMB6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/2528749",
  ISSN =         "0006-341X (print), 1541-0420 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-341X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 18 13:24:47 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/biometrics1970.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.jstor.org/stable/2528749",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Biometrics",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.jstor.org/journal/biometrics",
}

@Article{Knight:1970:ACP,
  author =       "K. R. Knight",
  title =        "An {Algol} construction for procedures as parameters
                 of procedures",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "266--266",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:26:09 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Surrey, Guildford, UK",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; programming",
}

@TechReport{Koster:1970:TLG,
  author =       "C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "Two level grammars",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:49:27 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Krawczyk:1970:IAS,
  author =       "R. Krawczyk",
  title =        "{Intervallm{\"a}{\ss}erung Auswertung von
                 Standardfunktionen in ALGOL-60}. ({German}) [{ALGOL}-60
                 procedures evaluating standard functions in interval
                 analysis]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "200--200",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 04 08:37:34 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  language =     "German",
  xxnote =       "Check pages?? Same title as
                 \cite{Herzberger:1970:IAS}.",
}

@TechReport{Landelle:1970:TAA,
  author =       "A. Landelle and J. Pleyber",
  title =        "Traduction d'{ALGOL 60} en {ALGOL 68}. ({French})
                 [{Translation} of {ALGOL 60} into {ALGOL 68}]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "S{\'e}minaire de Programmation, IMAG 1968--69",
  address =      "Grenoble, France",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:53:40 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@InProceedings{Lewi:1970:ILN,
  author =       "J. Lewi and P. Branquart",
  booktitle =    "International Computing Symposium, Bonn, 1970",
  title =        "Implementation of local names in {ALGOL 68}",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 12:55:33 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Mailloux:1970:SOG,
  author =       "B. J. Mailloux and P. E. Fites",
  title =        "Storage organization and garbage collection for {ALGOL
                 68} implementation",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "University of Alberta",
  address =      "Edmonton, AB, Canada",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 13:03:07 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Malcolm:1970:DCS,
  author =       "Michael A. Malcolm",
  title =        "A description and comparison of subroutines for
                 computing {Euclidean} inner products on the {IBM 360}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-70-175 (AD713842)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-70-175.html",
  abstract =     "Several existing subroutines and an Algol W procedure
                 for computing inner products on the IBM 360, using more
                 precision than long, are described and evaluated. Error
                 bounds (when they exist) and execution timing tests are
                 included.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "18",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-70-175",
}

@InProceedings{Marshall:1970:AI,
  author =       "Sidney Marshall",
  editor =       "J. E. L. Peck",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the IFIP Working Conference on ALGOL
                 68 Implementation, Munich, 20--24 July 1970}",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68} Implementation",
  publisher =    pub-NORTH-HOLLAND,
  address =      pub-NORTH-HOLLAND:adr,
  pages =        "239--243",
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 16:01:53 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Moses:1970:FFL,
  author =       "Joel Moses",
  title =        "The function of {FUNCTION} in {LISP} or why the
                 {FUNARG} problem should be called the environment
                 problem",
  journal =      j-SIGSAM,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "15",
  pages =        "13--27",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "SIGSBZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1093410.1093411",
  ISSN =         "0163-5824 (print), 1557-9492 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5824",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 17 19:14:06 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsam.bib",
  abstract =     "A problem common to many powerful programming
                 languages arises when one has to determine what values
                 to assign to free variables in functions. Different
                 implementational approaches which attempt to solve the
                 problem are considered. The discussion concentrates on
                 LISP implementations and points out why most current
                 LISP systems are not as general as the original LISP
                 1.5 system. Readers not familiar with LISP should be
                 able to read this paper without difficulty since we
                 have tried to couch the argument in ALGOL-like terms as
                 much as possible.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "SIGSAM Bull.",
  fjournal =     "SIGSAM Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation)",
  issue =        "15",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J1000",
}

@Article{Nickel:1970:FNP,
  author =       "K. Nickel",
  title =        "{Fehlerschranken zu N{\"a}herungswerten von
                 Polynomwurzeln}. ({German}) [{Error} Bounds for
                 Approximate Values of Polynomials]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "9--27",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:51 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ. Karlsruhe, West Germany",
  classification = "C4110; C4150; C7310",
  description =  "error analysis; poles and zeros; polynomials;
                 subroutines",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  keywords =     "convergent; error bounds; polynomial root
                 approximation; triplex ALGOL program; weak optimality",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Nickel:1970:KBS,
  author =       "K. Nickel",
  title =        "{Das Kahan--Babu{\v{s}}kasche Summierungsverfahren in
                 Triplex-ALGOL 60}. ({German}) [{The
                 Kahan--Babu{\v{s}}ka} summation method in
                 {Triplex-ALGOL 60}]",
  journal =      j-Z-ANGE-MATH-MECH,
  volume =       "50",
  pages =        "369--373",
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "ZAMMAX",
  ISSN =         "0044-2267 (print), 1521-4001 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0044-2267",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 28 06:12:04 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/k/kahan-william-m.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Mathematik und
                 Mechanik}",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4001",
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Parlett:1970:BRA,
  author =       "Beresford N. Parlett",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{ALGOL 60 Procedures in
                 Numerical Algebra, Part II}} by T. J. Dekker, W.
                 Hoffman}",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "110",
  pages =        "483--485",
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "MCMPAF",
  ISSN =         "0025-5718, 1088-6842",
  ISSN-L =       "0025-5718",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 20 11:41:03 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/parlett-beresford-n.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2004503",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Mathematics of Computation",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.ams.org/mcom/",
}

@TechReport{Scheidig:1970:AAG,
  author =       "H. Scheidig",
  title =        "{Anpassungsoperationen in ALGOL 68}. ({German})
                 [{Adjustment} operations in {ALGOL 68}]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Technische Hochschule M{\"u}nchen",
  address =      "Munich, West Germay",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:10:31 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@TechReport{Schneider:1970:OPA,
  author =       "V. B. Schneider",
  title =        "A one-pass algorithm for compiling {ALGOL 68}
                 declarations",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Purdue University",
  address =      "West Lafayette, IN, USA",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:14:32 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Schneider:1970:TGA,
  author =       "V. B. Schneider",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{AFIPS Spring Joint Computer Conference of the 1970
                 and International Computing Symposium, Bonn, 1970}",
  title =        "A translation grammar for {ALGOL 68}",
  publisher =    pub-AFIPS,
  address =      pub-AFIPS:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:12:16 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Simonet:1970:GCF,
  author =       "M. Simonet",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Congr{\`e}s {d'Informatique} {AFCET}, Paris, 1970",
  title =        "Une grammaire context-free d'{ALGOL 68}. ({French})
                 [{A} context-free grammar of {ALGOL 68}]",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "5.3.119--5.3.135",
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:15:44 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@TechReport{Sintzoff:1970:CPP,
  author =       "Michel Sintzoff",
  title =        "Calculating the properties of programs by valuation on
                 specific models",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "N64",
  institution =  "MBLE Research Laboratory",
  address =      "Brussels, Belgium",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:17:45 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{vanderMeulen:1970:IIA,
  author =       "S. G. van der Meulen and C. H. Lindsey",
  title =        "Informal introduction to {ALGOL 68}: Very informal
                 introduction to {ALGOL 68}",
  publisher =    "Mathematisch Centrum",
  address =      "Amsterdam, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "[unpaged]",
  year =         "1970",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .M46",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/9831;
                 https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/9832",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "``This document contains chapter 1 to 8 of the
                 'Informal introduction to ALGOL 68' \ldots{} In its
                 present state it is a working paper of working group WG
                 2.1 of the International Federation for Information
                 Processing.''.",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); Computer
                 programming",
}

@InCollection{vanWijngaarden:1970:BBN,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden",
  booktitle =    "Linguaggi nella societa e nella tecnica. ({Italian})
                 [{Languages} in Society and Technology]",
  title =        "On the boundary between natural and artificial
                 languages",
  publisher =    "Edizioni di Comunita",
  address =      "Milano, Italy",
  pages =        "165--175",
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:29:52 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{vanWijngaarden:1970:SOA,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden and B. J. Mailloux and J. E. L.
                 Peck and C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "Soobshchenie ob algoritmicheskom yazyke {ALGOL 68}.
                 ({Russian}) [Report on the algorithmic language {ALGOL
                 68}]",
  journal =      j-KIBERNETIKA,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "KBRNA5",
  ISSN =         "0023-1274",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:37:15 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Text in Russian and English. Translation to Russian by
                 A. A. B{\"a}hrs, A. P. Ershov, L. L. Zmievskaya and A.
                 F. Rar.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Kibernetika",
}

@Article{Wagner:1970:FAI,
  author =       "Robert A. Wagner",
  title =        "Finiteness Assumptions and Intellectual Isolation of
                 Computer Scientists",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "759--760",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1970",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:26:09 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C0200 (General computer topics)",
  corpsource =   "Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, USA",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL versus FORTRAN; Algol vs. Fortran; finite;
                 finite word size; finiteness assumptions; integer
                 variable range; intellectual; intellectual isolation;
                 isolation; memory finiteness; personnel; philosophical
                 aspects; word size",
}

@TechReport{Wirth:1970:PLP,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth",
  title =        "The Programming Language {PASCAL}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "1",
  institution =  inst-ETH,
  address =      inst-ETH:adr,
  pages =        "v + 58",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 29 19:12:05 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://pascal.hansotten.com/uploads/wirth/The_Programming_Language_Pascal_1970%20001.pdf;
                 https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/handle/20.500.11850/68712/eth-3290-01.pdf",
  abstract =     "A programming language called Pascal is described
                 which was developed on the basis of Algol 60. Compared
                 to Algol 60, its range of applicability is considerably
                 increased due to a variety of data structuring
                 facilities. In view of its intended usage both as a
                 convenient basis to teach programming and as an
                 efficient tool to write large programs, emphasis was
                 placed on keeping the number of fundamental concepts
                 reasonably small, on a simple and systematic language
                 structure, and on efficient implementability. A
                 one-pass compiler has been constructed for the CDC 6000
                 computer family; it is expressed entirely in terms of
                 Pascal itself",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
}

@TechReport{Wodon:1970:MGC,
  author =       "P. L. Wodon",
  title =        "Methods of garbage collection for {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "R123",
  institution =  "MBLE Research Laboratory",
  address =      "Brussels, Belgium",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:43:55 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Woodward:1970:ODC,
  author =       "P. M. (Philip Mayne) Woodward and P. R. Wetherall",
  title =        "Official definition of {Coral 66}",
  publisher =    pub-HMSO,
  address =      pub-HMSO:adr,
  pages =        "vii + 57",
  year =         "1970",
  ISBN =         "0-11-470221-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-11-470221-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76 .G684",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 03 07:46:05 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Prepared by the Inter-Establishment Committee on
                 Computer Applications as a language standard for
                 military programming",
  xxtitle =      "The Official Definition of {CORAL 66}",
}

@TechReport{Woodward:1970:PAR,
  author =       "P. M. Woodward",
  title =        "A primer of {ALGOL 68-R}",
  type =         "RRE Memorandum",
  number =       "2601",
  institution =  "Royal Radar Establishment",
  address =      "Malvern, Worcestershire, UK",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1970",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:45:34 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Anonymous:1971:BA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Bibliography of {Algol 68}",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "369--375",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 09:54:52 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Bahrs:1971:DSA,
  author =       "A. A. B{\"a}hrs and Andrei P. Ershov and A. F. Rar",
  title =        "On Description of Syntax of {Algol 68} and its
                 National Variants",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "163--177",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Discusses the Russian translation of Algol 68
                 specifications.",
}

@InProceedings{Bauer:1971:PDI,
  author =       "Friedrich L. Bauer and Henry J. Bowlden and Paul
                 Branquart and Ian F. Currie and Andrei P. Ershov and
                 Cornelis H. A. Koster and Barry J. Mailloux and Manfred
                 Paul",
  title =        "Panel Discussion --- Implementation",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "321--343",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015)",
}

@Article{Becker:1971:BRH,
  author =       "Otwin Becker",
  title =        "{Besprungen: Rutishauser, H.: \booktitle{Handbook for
                 Automatic Computation, Vol. I / Part a: Description of
                 ALGOL 60}, Die Grundlehren der mathematischen
                 Wissenschaften, 135. Band. XII, 323 S. DM 58,-. Grau,
                 A. A., U. Hill, H. Langmaack: \booktitle{Handbook for
                 Automatic Computation, Vol. 1 / Part b: Translation of
                 ALGOL 60}, Die Grundlehren der mathematischen
                 Wissenschaften, 137. Band. X, 397 S. DM 64,-.
                 Berlin--Heidelberg--New York 1967, Springer-Verlag}.
                 ({German}) [{Reviews}]",
  journal =      "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r die gesamte Staatswissenschaft /
                 Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics}",
  volume =       "127",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "365--366",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "0044-2550",
  ISSN-L =       "0044-2550",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 26 06:58:58 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.jstor.org/stable/40749460",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject-dates = "Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10 November
                 1970)",
  xxISSN =       "0044-4255",
}

@Article{Bell:1971:ALA,
  author =       "D. A. Bell and B. A. Wichmann",
  title =        "An {ALGOL}-like Assembly Language for a Small
                 Computer",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "61--72",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380010106",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "22 Aug 2006",
  remark =       "This work was inspired by Niklaus Wirth's PL360
                 language \cite{Wirth:1968:PPL,Wirth:1968:CPP}.",
}

@TechReport{Bloom:1971:SFI,
  author =       "Howard M. Bloom",
  title =        "A syntax-directed {FORTRAN} interpreter for {ALGOL
                 60}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "H. Diamond Laboratories",
  address =      "Washington, DC, USA",
  pages =        "159",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  note =         "Reproduced by the National Technical Information
                 Service, Springfield, VA.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "``HDL-TM-71-12.'' ``AD 734 893.'' Bibliographical
                 footnotes.",
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{Bourgeois:1971:EMA,
  author =       "Fran{\c{c}}ois Bourgeois and Jean-Claude Lassalle",
  title =        "An extension of the {Munkres} algorithm for the
                 assignment problem to rectangular matrices",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "802--804",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  MRclass =      "90C05",
  MRnumber =     "47 4628",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:27:39 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm14.html#BourgeoisL71;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  abstract =     "The assignment problem, together with Munkres proposed
                 algorithm for its solution in square matrices, is
                 presented first. Then the authors develop an extension
                 of this algorithm which permits a solution for
                 rectangular matrices. Timing results obtained by using
                 an adapted version of Silver's Algol procedure are
                 discussed, and a relation between solution time and
                 problem size is given.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4140 (Linear algebra)",
  corpsource =   "CERN, Geneva, Switzerland",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "algorithm; assignment problem; matrix algebra; Munkres
                 algorithm; operations research; optimisation;
                 optimization theory; rectangular matrices",
  oldlabel =     "BourgeoisL71",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/BourgeoisL71",
}

@InCollection{Boussard:1971:RVA,
  author =       "J.-Cl. Boussard and J.-J. Duby",
  booktitle =    "????",
  title =        "Rapport d'{\'e}valuation d'{Algol 68}. ({French})
                 [{Evaluation} report for {Algol 68}]",
  volume =       "B.1",
  publisher =    "RIRO",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "15--106",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 10:48:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@InProceedings{Bowlden:1971:STS,
  author =       "Henry J. Bowlden",
  title =        "A Symbol Table with Scope Recognition for the
                 {B-6500}",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "1--19",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Branquart:1971:APSb,
  author =       "Paul Branquart and Johan Lewi and Jean-Pierre
                 Cardinael",
  title =        "Analysis of the Parenthesis Structure of {Algol 68}",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "37--76",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Branquart:1971:CSA,
  author =       "P. Branquart and J. Lewi and Michel Sintzoff and P. L.
                 Wodon",
  title =        "The composition of semantics in {Algol 68}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "697--708",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:27:59 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm14.html#BranquartLSW71;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "MBLE, Brussels, Belgium",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; Algol 68; data; design of programming
                 languages; programming languages; programming
                 primitives; recursive composition; semantics;
                 structures",
  oldlabel =     "BranquartLSW71",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/BranquartLSW71",
}

@InProceedings{Branquart:1971:SSA,
  author =       "Paul Branquart and Johan Lewi",
  title =        "A Scheme of Storage Allocation and Garbage Collection
                 for {Algol 68}",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "199--238",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Brent:1971:AGC,
  author =       "R. P. Brent",
  title =        "An Algorithm with Guaranteed Convergence for Finding a
                 Zero of a Function",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "422--425",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/14.4.422",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:48 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/4/422.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_04/140422.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_04/tiff/422.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_04/tiff/423.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_04/tiff/424.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_04/tiff/425.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4150 (Nonlinear and functional equations); C7310
                 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Stanford Univ., CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; bisection; guaranteed convergence;
                 interpolation; inverse; linear interpolation; poles and
                 zeros; procedures; quadratic interpolation;
                 subroutines; superlinear; zero",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Brown:1971:SCP,
  author =       "F. D. Brown and Valerie J. Calderbank and M. D.
                 Poole",
  title =        "Some Comments on the Portability of a Large {ALGOL}
                 Program --- The Implementation of {SID} on {KDF9}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "367--371",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380010405",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Cermak:1971:AAG,
  author =       "J. {\v{C}}erm{\'a}k",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 412}: Graph Plotter [{J6}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "492--493",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:30:05 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/acm.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm14.html#Cermak71;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  note =         "See remark \cite{Watkins:1973:RAG}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6150E (General utility programs)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Chem. Technol., Pardubice, Czechoslovakia",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL procedure; computer graphics; graph; line;
                 multivalued function; plot; printer; subroutines;
                 utility programs",
  oldlabel =     "Cermak71",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Cermak71",
}

@InProceedings{Currie:1971:AR,
  author =       "Ian F. Currie and Susan G. Bond and J. D. Morison",
  title =        "{Algol 68-R}",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "21--34",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Currie:1971:WDA,
  author =       "I. F. Currie",
  title =        "Working description of {ALGOL 68-R}",
  type =         "RRE Memorandum",
  number =       "2660",
  institution =  "Royal Radar Establishment",
  address =      "Malvern, Worcestershire, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1971 (??)",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 11:08:30 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{deBakker:1971:MIS,
  author =       "Jaco de Bakker and G. A. Blaauw and A. J. W.
                 Duijvestijn and Edsger Dijkstra and Piet van der Houwen
                 and G. A. M. Kamsteeg-Kemper and F. E. J. Kruseman
                 Aretz and W. L. van der Poel and J. P. Schaap-Kruseman
                 and M. V. Wilkes and Guus Zoutendijk",
  title =        "{MC-25} informatica symposium: [symposium on the
                 occasion of the 25th anniversary of the {Mathematical
                 Centre, Amsterdam, 06-07.01.1972}]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dekker:1971:FPT,
  author =       "Theodorus J. Dekker",
  title =        "A Floating-Point Technique for Extending the Available
                 Precision",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "224--242",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01397083",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  MRclass =      "68A55",
  MRnumber =     "MR0299007 (45 \#8056)",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 26 11:49:34 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/mathcw.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nummath.bib;
                 Parallel/par.lin.alg.bib",
  URL =          "http://www-gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/cgi-bin/digbib.cgi?PPN362160546_0018",
  abstract =     "A technique is described for expressing multilength
                 floating-point arithmetic in terms of singlelength
                 floating point arithmetic, i.e. the arithmetic for an
                 available (say: single or double precision)
                 floating-point number system. The basic algorithms are
                 exact addition and multiplication of two singlelength
                 floating-point numbers, delivering the result as a
                 doublelength floating-point number. A straight-forward
                 application of the technique yields a set of algorithms
                 for doublelength arithmetic which are given as ALGOL 60
                 procedures.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-nj,
  classification = "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Math. Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands",
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/211",
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation; ALGOL 60
                 procedures; available precision; digital arithmetic;
                 double precision; multilength; single; single length
                 floating point arithmetic; subroutines",
  remark =       "Report MR 118/70, Computation Department, Mathematical
                 Centre, Amsterdam. Part of this research was done while
                 the author was visiting Bell Telephone Laboratories,
                 Murray Hill, New Jersey.",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Book{Ershov:1971:AAP,
  author =       "A. P. (Andrei{\u\i} Petrovich) Ershov",
  title =        "The {ALPHA} Automatic Programming System",
  volume =       "7",
  publisher =    pub-ACADEMIC,
  address =      pub-ACADEMIC:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 247",
  year =         "1971",
  ISBN =         "0-12-770840-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-12-770840-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:35 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "A.P.I.C. studies in data processing",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALPHA (Electronic computer system); Automatic
                 programming (Computer science); Computer programming;
                 Programmation automatique; Programmation
                 (Informatique); computer programming; ALPHA (Electronic
                 computer system); Automatic programming (Computer
                 science); Linguagem De Programacao (Outras); Software
                 Basico",
}

@InProceedings{Ershov:1971:MPS,
  author =       "Andrei P. Ershov",
  title =        "A Multilanguage Programming System Oriented to
                 Languages Description and Universal Optimization
                 Algorithms",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "143--162",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Evans:1971:AAS,
  author =       "D. J. Evans",
  title =        "Algorithm 69: An algorithm for the solution of
                 symmetric general three term linear systems",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "444--445",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/14.4.444",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_04/tiff/444.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_04/tiff/445.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4140 (Linear algebra); C7310 (Mathematics
                 computing)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Sheffield, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; conduction problems; Gaussian Elimination
                 without pivoting; heat; matrix algebra; periodic
                 boundary condition; solution; subroutines; symmetric
                 general three term linear systems",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Feldmann:1971:EEU,
  author =       "H. Feldmann and H. Oberquelle and C.-P. Ortlieb",
  title =        "{Eine einfache universelle Turingmaschine in ALGOL 60
                 Simulation}. ({German}) [{A} simple universal {Turing}
                 machine in {ALGOL 60} simulation]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "241--249",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:51 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ. Hamburg, West Germany",
  annote =       "Mit 4 Abbildungen ({German}) [With 4 figures].",
  classification = "C4220",
  description =  "simulation; Turing machines",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60 simulation; simple universal Turing machine",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Feldmann:1971:EUT,
  author =       "H. Feldmann and H. Oberquelle and C.-P. Ortlieb",
  title =        "{Eine einfache universelle Turingmaschine in ALGOL 60
                 Simulation}. ({German}) [{A} simple universal {Turing}
                 machine in {ALGOL 60} simulation]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "241--249",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:51 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ. Hamburg, West Germany",
  annote =       "Mit 4 Abbildungen ({German}) [With 4 figures].",
  classification = "C4220",
  description =  "simulation; Turing machines",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60 simulation; simple universal Turing machine",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Golub:1971:AAC,
  author =       "G. H. Golub and L. B. Smith",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 414}: {Chebyshev} Approximation of
                 Continuous Functions by a {Chebyshev} System of
                 Functions [{E2}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "737--746",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:27:17 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/acm.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm14.html#BolubS71;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4130 (Interpolation and function approximation);
                 C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Stanford Univ., CA, USA",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; approximation; Chebyshev approximation;
                 critical points; minimax; numerical properties;
                 orthogonal polynomials; Remez algorithm; subroutines",
  oldlabel =     "BolubS71",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/BolubS71",
}

@InProceedings{Goos:1971:PDA,
  author =       "Gerhard Goos and Henry J. Bowlden and Paul Branquart
                 and Barry J. Mailloux and John E. L. Peck and Philip M.
                 Woodward",
  title =        "Panel Discussion --- {Algol 68} Sublanguages",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "265--281, 289--300",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Goos:1971:SPC,
  author =       "Gerhard Goos",
  title =        "Some Problems in Compiling {Algol 68}",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "179--196",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Goyer:1971:GCI,
  author =       "Pierre Goyer",
  title =        "A Garbage Collector to be Implemented on a {CDC
                 3100}",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "303--317",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Gries:1971:CCD,
  author =       "David Gries",
  title =        "Compiler Construction for Digital Computers",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 493",
  year =         "1971",
  ISBN =         "0-471-32776-X; 0-471-32771-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-32776-9; 978-0-471-32771-4",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .G73",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 3 11:54:27 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  abstract =     "The object of this book is to present in a coherent
                 fashion the major techniques used in compiler writing,
                 in order to make it easier for the novice to enter the
                 field and for the expert to reference the literature.
                 The book is oriented towards so-called syntax-directed
                 methods of compiling.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Habermann:1971:IAW,
  author =       "A. Nico Habermann",
  title =        "Introduction to {ALGOL 60} for those who have used
                 other programming languages",
  number =       "71-72",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
                 University",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  pages =        "47",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 06 07:57:56 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Haddon:1971:ALS,
  author =       "E. W. Haddon and L. G. Proll",
  title =        "An {Algol} line-syntax checker",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "128--132",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/14.2.128",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:47 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/2/128.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/140128.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/tiff/128.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/tiff/129.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/tiff/130.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/tiff/131.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/tiff/132.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5420 (Mainframes and minicomputers); C6140D (High
                 level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Southampton, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; design; line syntax checker; multi access
                 system; multi-access systems; procedure oriented
                 languages; source code errors",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Herriot:1971:APC,
  author =       "J. G. Herriot and Christian H. Reinsch",
  title =        "{ALGOL 60} Procedures for the Calculation of
                 Interpolating Natural Spline Functions",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-71-200 (PB198416)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "ii + 30",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1971",
  MRclass =      "65D05 41-04",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 21 14:21:14 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/reinsch-christian-h.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  ZMnumber =     "0252.65006",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Christian H. Reinsch (?? ?? 1932--8 October 2022)",
  remark =       "No PDF in NTRL archive.",
}

@Article{Hieber:1971:HSH,
  author =       "L. Hieber and H. Rzehak",
  title =        "{HYGOL, eine Sprache f{\"u}r hybride Programme}.
                 ({German}) [{HYGOL}, a language for hybrid programs]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "311--323",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 04 08:42:36 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ. Stuttgart, West Germany",
  annote =       "Mit 4 Abbildungen ({German}) [With 4 figures].",
  classification = "C5460; C6140D",
  description =  "ALGOL; hybrid computer methods",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; analogue computer; data transfers;
                 description; digital computer; hybrid programs; HYGOL;
                 implemented facilities; important code procedures;
                 number of type declarations; operating system;
                 programming; programming languages",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Hill:1971:FFA,
  author =       "I. D. Hill",
  title =        "Faults in functions, in {Algol} and {Fortran}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "315--316",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/14.3.315",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:47 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/3.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  note =         "See notes \cite{Schlechtendahl:1972:CRF}.",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/3/315.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_03/140315.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_03/tiff/315.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_03/tiff/316.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Medical Res. Council, London, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "advantages and disadvantages; ALGOL; ALGOL 60; ANSI
                 FORTRAN; compiler; fault; FORTRAN; functions; invalid
                 argument; programming languages",
  treatment =    "G General Review",
}

@Article{Housden:1971:PSF,
  author =       "R. J. W. Housden",
  title =        "Phrase structures in {Fortran}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "224--228",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/14.3.224",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:47 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/3.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/3/224.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_03/140224.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_03/tiff/224.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_03/tiff/225.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_03/tiff/226.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_03/tiff/227.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_03/tiff/228.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. East Anglia, Norwich, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; applications programs; compiler; compiler work;
                 complex input routines; FORTRAN; high; input and output
                 of structured data; level languages; phrase structures;
                 procedure oriented languages; syntax definitions;
                 syntax languages; syntax of data; syntax recognisers;
                 writing of",
  treatment =    "A Application",
}

@Article{Igarashi:1971:SAL,
  author =       "Shigeru Igarashi",
  title =        "Semantics of {Algol}-like statements",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-MATH,
  volume =       "188",
  pages =        "117--177",
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "LNMAA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0059697",
  ISBN =         "3-540-05377-8 (print), 3-540-36499-4 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-540-05377-4 (print), 978-3-540-36499-3
                 (e-book)",
  ISSN =         "0075-8434 (print), 1617-9692 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0075-8434",
  MRclass =      "02E10",
  MRnumber =     "0299480 (45 \#8528)",
  MRreviewer =   "R. J. Orgass",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 9 19:07:03 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lnm1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/BFb0059697/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0059689",
  book-URL =     "http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-540-36499-3",
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Mathematics",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/bookseries/304",
}

@Article{Jennings:1971:ASV,
  author =       "A. Jennings",
  title =        "Algorithm 70: Solution of variable bandwidth positive
                 definite simultaneous equations",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "446--446",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/14.4.446",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_04/tiff/446.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4140 (Linear algebra); C7310 (Mathematics
                 computing)",
  corpsource =   "Queen's Univ., Belfast, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; elimination; factorisation method; fixed
                 bandwidth method; generalisation of; matrix algebra;
                 methods; reduction; sparse symmetric; subroutines;
                 variable bandwidth positive definite simultaneous
                 equations; variable bandwidth store",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Knuth:1971:NAG,
  author =       "Donald E. Knuth and R. W. Floyd",
  title =        "Notes on avoiding {``go to''} statements",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "23--31",
  day =          "??",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(71)90018-4",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 17 10:49:43 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc1970.bib",
  note =         "See erratum \cite{Knuth:1972:ENA}. Reprinted in {\sl
                 Writings of the Revolution}, E. Yourdon, ed.\ (New
                 York: Yourdon Press, 1982), 153--162",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming)",
  corpsource =   "Stanford Univ., CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; backtracking; go to statements; languages;
                 programming; symbol table searching",
  subject =      "D.3.3 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Constructs, Control structures \\ F.3 Theory of
                 Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, Studies
                 of Program Constructs",
  treatment =    "G General Review",
}

@InProceedings{Koster:1971:AG,
  author =       "Cornelis H. A. Koster",
  title =        "Affix-Grammars",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "95--109",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Kral:1971:IIT,
  author =       "Jaroslav Kr{\'a}l and J. Moudr{\'y}",
  title =        "An Implementation of Identifier Tables in a Multipass
                 {Algol 68} Compiler Based on a Hash-Code Technique",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "77--81",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hash.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Kunzi:1971:NMM,
  author =       "Hans Paul Kunzi and H. G. Tzschach and C. A. Zehnder",
  title =        "Numerical methods of mathematical optimization with
                 {ALGOL} and {FORTRAN} programs",
  publisher =    pub-ACADEMIC,
  address =      pub-ACADEMIC:adr,
  edition =      "Corrected and augmented",
  pages =        "viii + 219",
  year =         "1971",
  ISBN =         "0-12-428850-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-12-428850-8",
  LCCN =         "QA402.5 .K8131 1971",
  MRclass =      "65K05 (90CXX)",
  MRnumber =     "50 #15336",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 28 10:42:07 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  note =         "Translated by Werner C. Rheinboldt and Cornelie J.
                 Rheinboldt.",
  series =       "Computer science and applied mathematics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  alttitle =     "{Numerische Methoden der matematischen Optimierung mit
                 ALGOL- und FORTRAN-Programmen. English}",
  annote =       "Bibliography: p. 162-168.",
  keywords =     "Algol (computer program language); ALGOL (Computer
                 program language); Fortran (computer program language);
                 FORTRAN (Computer program language); mathematical
                 optimization -- data processing; Mathematical
                 optimization --- Data processing.",
}

@Book{Lindsey:1971:IIA,
  author =       "C. H. Lindsey and S. G. van der Meulen",
  title =        "Informal Introduction to {ALGOL 68}",
  publisher =    pub-NORTH-HOLLAND,
  address =      pub-NORTH-HOLLAND:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 368",
  year =         "1971",
  ISBN =         "0-7204-2048-2 (hardcover), 0-7204-0726-5 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7204-2048-7 (hardcover), 978-0-7204-0726-6
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 M47 1977",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 09:14:55 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); Computer
                 programming; ALGOL (Langage de programmation);
                 Programmation (Informatique); computer programming;
                 ALGOL (Computer program language); Computer
                 programming.",
}

@InProceedings{Lindsey:1971:MHS,
  author =       "Charles H. Lindsey",
  title =        "Making the Hardware Suit the Language",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "347--365",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Lindsey:1971:SAS,
  author =       "Charles H. Lindsey",
  title =        "Some {Algol 68} Sublanguages",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "283--288",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Lu:1971:TAC,
  author =       "Hu-quan Lu",
  title =        "The Translation of {Algol 68} into {Chinese}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Institute of Mathematics, Academia Sinica",
  address =      "Beijing, China",
  pages =        "3",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 16:20:43 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/algol/ACM_Algol_bulletin/1061739/p33-ru_ian.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lucas:1971:AAC,
  author =       "C. W. {Lucas, Jr.} and C. W. Terrill",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 404}: Complex Gamma Function [{S14}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "48--49",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:00:03 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm14.html#LucasT71;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  classcodes =   "C4120 (Functional analysis); C7310 (Mathematics
                 computing)",
  corpsource =   "Coll. William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "algorithm; CGAMMA; complex gamma function evaluation;
                 formula; function evaluation; poles of gamma function;
                 recursion formula; reflection; Stirling's asymptotic
                 series; subroutine in ALGOL; subroutines",
  oldlabel =     "LucasT71",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Fortran routine with machine-dependent
                 constants.",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/LucasT71",
}

@Article{Lunnon:1971:MDM,
  author =       "W. F. Lunnon",
  title =        "Multi-dimensional map-folding",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "75--80",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/14.1.75",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:46 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/1/75.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_01/140075.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_01/tiff/75.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_01/tiff/76.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_01/tiff/77.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_01/tiff/78.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_01/tiff/79.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_01/tiff/80.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Manchester, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; computer program; mathematics; multidimensional
                 map folding; procedure; subroutines",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@TechReport{Malcolm:1971:PRP,
  author =       "Michael A. Malcolm",
  title =        "{PL360} (Revised) A Programming Language for the {IBM
                 360}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-71-215 (AD727115)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "v + 94",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 11 16:35:00 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/cstr/reports/cs/tr/71/215/CS-TR-71-215.pdf;
                 https://bitsavers.org/pdf/stanford/cs_techReports/STAN-CS-71-215_PL360_Rev_May72.pdf",
  abstract =     "In 1968, N. Wirth (Jan. JACM) published a formal
                 description of PL360, a programming language designed
                 specifically for the IBM 360. PL360 has an appearance
                 similar to that of Algol, but it provides the
                 facilities of a symbolic machine language. Since 1968,
                 numerous extensions and modifications have been made to
                 the PL360 compiler which was originally designed and
                 implemented by N. Wirth and J. Wells. Interface and
                 input--output subroutines have been written which allow
                 the use of PL360 under OS, DOS, MTS and Orvyl.\par

                 A formal description of PL360 as it is presently
                 implemented is given. The description of the language
                 is followed by sections on the use of PL360 under
                 various operating systems, namely OS, DOS and MTS.
                 Instructions on how to use the PL360 compiler and PL360
                 programs in an interactive mode under the Orvyl
                 time-sharing monitor are also included.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "112",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-71-215",
}

@Article{Manning:1971:AWM,
  author =       "J. R. Manning",
  title =        "Algorithm 68: White to move and mate in $n$ moves",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "209--213",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/14.2.209",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 26 14:16:31 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/tiff/209.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/tiff/210.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/tiff/211.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/tiff/212.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/tiff/213.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; algorithm; Boolean array; bordered board;
                 chess; game theory; subroutines",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@InProceedings{Marshall:1971:AGC,
  author =       "S. Marshall",
  title =        "An {Algol 68} Garbage Collector",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "239--243",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{McVitie:1971:AAT,
  author =       "D. G. McVitie and L. B. Wilson",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 411}: Three Procedures for the Stable
                 Marriage Problem [{H}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "491--492",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:03:36 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm14.html#McVitieW71a;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL procedures; assignment; combinatorial
                 mathematics; operations research; stable marriage
                 problem; subroutines",
  oldlabel =     "McVitieW71a",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/McVitieW71a",
}

@TechReport{Morgana:1971:TMR,
  author =       "Maria Aurora Morgana",
  title =        "Time and memory requirements for solving linear
                 systems",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-71-212 (AD727107)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-71-212.html",
  abstract =     "The Computer Science Department program library
                 contains a number of ALGOL W procedures and FORTRAN
                 subroutines which can be used to solve systems of
                 linear equations. This report describes the results of
                 tests to determine the amount of time and memory
                 required to solve systems of various orders.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "9",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-71-212",
}

@Article{Niegel:1971:AAE,
  author =       "W. Niegel",
  title =        "{Ein Algorithmus zum aufbau einer endlichen Gruppe}.
                 ({German}) [{An} algorithm for the generation of a
                 finite group]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3--4",
  pages =        "333--343",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 04 08:42:36 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ. M{\"u}nchen, West Germany",
  classification = "C4140; C7310",
  description =  "algebra; subroutines",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60 procedures; algorithm; composition rule;
                 cyclic subgroups; generation of finite group; parameter
                 of compositum; permutation groups",
  language =     "German",
}

@TechReport{Peck:1971:AC,
  author =       "J. E. L. Peck",
  title =        "An {ALGOL 68} Companion",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "TR-71-01",
  institution =  "University of British Columbia",
  address =      "Vancouver, BC, Canada",
  pages =        "157",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 16:43:42 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.cs.ubc.ca/tr/1971/tr-71-01",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Manual{Pereira:1971:PNBa,
  author =       "R. Agonia Pereira and Duarte Costa Cabral",
  title =        "Programac{\~a}o {NEAT}, {BASIC}, {FORTRAN} e {ALGOL}",
  organization = "Centro de Calculo Cenctifico",
  address =      "Oeiras, Portugal",
  pages =        "336",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "On cover: Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia.
                 Bibliography: p. [333]-336.",
  keywords =     "Programming languages (Electronic computers)",
}

@Manual{Pereira:1971:PNBb,
  author =       "R. Agonia Pereira and Duarte Costa Cabral",
  title =        "Programmac{\~a}o {NEAT}, {BASIC}, {FORTRAN} e
                 {ALGOL}",
  organization = "Centro de Calculo Cientifico",
  address =      "Oeiras, Portugal",
  pages =        "336",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Bibliography: p. [333]-336.",
  keywords =     "Programming languages (Electronic computers)",
}

@TechReport{Pollack:1971:ABC,
  author =       "Bary W. Pollack",
  title =        "An annotated bibliography on the construction of
                 compilers",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-71-249",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "172",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-71-249.html",
  abstract =     "This bibliography is divided into 9 sections: 1.
                 General Information on Compiling Techniques 2. Syntax-
                 and Base-Directed Parsing 3. Parsing in General 4.
                 Resource Allocation 5. Errors - Detection and
                 Correction 6. Compiler Implementation in General 7.
                 Details of Compiler Construction 8. Additional Topics
                 9. Miscellaneous Related References Within each section
                 the entries are alphabetical by author. Keywords
                 describing the entry will be found for each entry set
                 off by pound signs (\#). Some amount of
                 cross-referencing has been done; e.g., entries which
                 fall into Section 3 as well as Section 7 will generally
                 be found in both sections. However, entries will be
                 found listed only under the principle or first author's
                 name. `Computing Reviews' citations are given following
                 the annotation when available.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "172",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-71-249",
}

@Book{Ratcliffe:1971:ABS,
  author =       "J. Ratcliffe",
  title =        "{ALGOL} in brief: a short practical guide to computer
                 programming in {ALGOL}",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "x + 102",
  year =         "1971",
  ISBN =         "0-08-917384-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-08-917384-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .R278",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:12 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Roberts:1971:SPD,
  author =       "K. V. Roberts and J. P. Boris",
  title =        "The solution of partial differential equations using a
                 symbolic style of {Algol}",
  journal =      j-J-COMPUT-PHYS,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "83--105",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "JCTPAH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(71)90037-4",
  ISSN =         "0021-9991 (print), 1090-2716 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-9991",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 1 09:15:04 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jcomputphys1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0021999171900374",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Computational Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00219991/",
}

@InProceedings{Scheidig:1971:SMC,
  author =       "H. Scheidig",
  title =        "Syntax and Mode Check in an {Algol 68} Compiler",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "83--92",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Scheiding:1971:REM,
  author =       "H. Scheiding",
  title =        "Representation and equality of modes",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "61--65",
  day =          "??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 17 10:49:43 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Munchen, West Germany",
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; equality; mode representation; Munich ALGOL 68
                 implementation",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Schmitt:1971:AAD,
  author =       "H. Schmitt",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 409}: Discrete {Chebychev} Curve Fit
                 [{E2}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "355--356",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:19:29 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm14.html#Schmitt71;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4130 (Interpolation and function approximation);
                 C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Tech. Hochschule, Darmstadt, West Germany",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL procedure; algorithm; Chebyshev approximation;
                 discrete Chebychev curve fit; exchange; Remez
                 algorithm; subroutines",
  oldlabel =     "Schmitt71",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Schmitt71",
}

@Article{Scowen:1971:SPW,
  author =       "R. S. Scowen and D. Allin and A. L. Hillman and M.
                 Shimell",
  title =        "{SOAP} --- a program which documents and edits {ALGOL
                 60} programs",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "133--135",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/14.2.133",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:47 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/2/133.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/140133.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/tiff/133.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/tiff/134.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_02/tiff/135.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Nat. Phys. Lab., Teddington, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; documents; edits; procedure oriented
                 languages; program procedure; SOAP; structure
                 clarification",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Sheldon:1971:CTD,
  author =       "E. Sheldon and S. Mathur and D. Donati",
  title =        "Computation of total, differential and
                 double-differential cross sections for compound nuclear
                 reactions of the type $ (a, b) $, $ (a, b \sigma) $ and
                 $ (a, b \sigma - \sigma) $. ({III}) {Fortran}
                 translations of the {Algol} programs `{Mandy}' and
                 `{Barbara}'",
  journal =      j-COMP-PHYS-COMM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "272--287",
  month =        aug # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CPHCBZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(71)90003-8",
  ISSN =         "0010-4655 (print), 1879-2944 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4655",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 11 10:52:33 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compphyscomm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compphyscomm1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0010465571900038",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Physics Communications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00104655",
}

@TechReport{Sites:1971:ARM,
  author =       "Richard L. Sites",
  title =        "{ALGOL} With Reference Manual",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-71-230 (PB203601)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "141",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 21 14:21:14 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Stanilovskii:1971:HUA,
  author =       "A. I. Stanilovskii and T. P. Zhiteneva and M. G.
                 Potapova",
  title =        "Hardware for Use with {Algol-60} Automatic
                 Programming",
  publisher =    "Defense Technical Information Center",
  address =      "Ft. Belvoir, VA, USA",
  pages =        "9",
  day =          "12",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1971",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:05 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  abstract =     "The article contains a description of alphanumeric
                 input and output devices aimed at improved reliability
                 and operating speed in connection with broad use of
                 ALGOL-60 for automatic programming. A project was
                 undertaken to modify the alphanumeric output and input
                 devices to overcome such deficiencies as burning of
                 contacts, loss of regulation, limited switching speed,
                 etc. The page printing apparatus RTA-50-2M was used as
                 the coding and decoding element. Details are given
                 regarding processing time and means of decreasing it.
                 (Author).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Edited translation of Voprosy Tekhnicheskoi
                 Ekspluatatsii Vychislitelnykh Mashin (USSR) n2 p50--53
                 1969, by B. Tauber.",
  subject =      "Input output devices; Computer programming;
                 Automation; Programming languages; Shift registers;
                 Punched cards; Coding; Decoding;
                 Reliability(electronics); USSR; Computer Programming
                 and Software; Computer Hardware",
}

@Article{Suzuki:1971:IA,
  author =       "N. Suzuki and T. Fujisaki and K. Kakehi and E. Wada
                 and T. Simauti",
  title =        "The implementation of {ALGOL N}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "15--22",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/942582.807973",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:21 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  abstract =     "ALGOL 68 has been designed as a powerful successor of
                 ALGOL 60. It is a monumental language, but we regret
                 the complexity of it and its description. This has been
                 the primary motivation for our designing ALGOL N, a
                 more viable successor of ALGOL 60, as powerful as ALGOL
                 68, and yet described in a much simpler way.\par

                 Some characteristics of ALGOL N will now be given. The
                 letter 'N' is short for 'Nippon', which means 'Japan'
                 in Japanese.\par

                 1. An easy-to-grasp meta-language for the syntax
                 description is devised. It is logically equivalent to
                 BNF, but the whole syntax can be compactified by its
                 use. Thus the syntax of ALGOL N (see Appendix) is even
                 shorter and easier to understand than the BNF syntax of
                 ALGOL 60. There are a number of extensions to the
                 strict language just as in ALGOL 68.\par

                 2. The semantics is described with rigor, partly in
                 prose of mathematical clarity, and otherwise, in the
                 form of simple programs in a semantics description
                 language called the 'core language'.\par

                 3. Basic data types are effect, real, bits, string, and
                 reference from which types of array-style,
                 structure-style, and procedure-style are compounded.
                 The result of a completed elaboration of an expression
                 is (aside from possible side effects) a 'quantity' of
                 some 'mode' with which some value of a fixed type is
                 associated. The type specifies a machine-independent
                 domain of values such as the domain of real numbers,
                 while the mode prescribes the behavior of a quantity
                 upon assignment of a value (e.g. rounding). Coercion is
                 avoided by this system without tears.\par

                 4. The treatment of operators is generalized so that
                 the unified notion 'formula' covers term, factor,
                 assignment statement, for-statement, conditional
                 expression, etc. This together with the feature that,
                 in specifying a type, any sample expression having an
                 established type may be used, makes the mode-indication
                 in ALGOL 68 only a special case of 0-ary operator.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@Article{Tinhofer:1971:FAN,
  author =       "G. Tinhofer",
  title =        "{Fl{\"u}sse in antisymmetrischen Netzwerken}.
                 ({German}) [{Flows} in antisymmetric networks]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "191--199",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:51 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ. Innsbruck, Austria",
  classification = "C7310",
  description =  "combinatorial mathematics; subroutines",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  keywords =     "ALGOL procedure; antisymmetrical networks; given lower
                 and upper bounds; maximal flows; optimal computation
                 sequence",
  language =     "German",
}

@Book{Toshkov:1971:AYA,
  author =       "D. Toshkov and St. Buchvarov",
  title =        "Algoritmichniyat yezik {ALGOL 68}. ({Bulgarian})
                 [{The} algorithmic language {ALGOL 68}]",
  publisher =    "Nauka i Yzkustvo [Science and Art]",
  address =      "Sofia, Bulgaria",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 08:15:29 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Bulgarian translation by the authors of
                 \cite{vanWijngaarden:1969:RALb}",
}

@InProceedings{Trilling:1971:ADE,
  author =       "Laurent Trilling and Jean-Pierre Verjus",
  title =        "An Attempted Definition of an Extensible System",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "119--139",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{vanderMeulen:1971:IIA,
  author =       "S. G. van der Meulen and C. H. Lindsey",
  title =        "Informal introduction to {ALGOL 68}",
  publisher =    "North-Holland Pub. Co.",
  address =      "Amsterdam, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "viii + 368",
  year =         "1971",
  ISBN =         "0-7204-2048-2 (hardcover), 0-7204-0726-5 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7204-2048-7 (hardcover), 978-0-7204-0726-6
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .M46 1971",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "On 1970 edition, S. (Sietse) G. van der Meulen's name
                 appears first on title page. This is the same as
                 \cite{Lindsey:1971:IIA}.",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); Computer
                 programming",
}

@Book{vanWijngaarden:1971:RAL,
  editor =       "A. van Wijngaarden",
  title =        "Report on the algorithmic language {ALGOL 68}",
  publisher =    "[Centrum Obliczeniowe Polskiej Akademii Nauk]",
  address =      "Warszawa, Poland",
  pages =        "81--218",
  year =         "1971",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 R45 1971",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "``Prace CO PAN, numer dodatkowy.''. Published in 1975
                 under title: Revised report on the algorithmic language
                 ALGOL 68.",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@InProceedings{Wodon:1971:MGC,
  author =       "Pierre L. Wodon",
  title =        "Methods of Garbage Collection for {Algol 68}",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "245--262",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Woodall:1971:ANR,
  author =       "A. D. Woodall",
  title =        "Algorithm 64: {A} non-recursive tree sort",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "104--104",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/14.1.104",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 26 14:15:21 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_01/tiff/104.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6130 (Data handling techniques)",
  corpsource =   "North Staffordshire Polytech., Beaconside, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60 procedure; nonrecursive tree sort; sorting;
                 subroutines; trees (mathematics)",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Woodall:1971:ART,
  author =       "A. D. Woodall",
  title =        "Algorithm 63: {A} recursive tree sort",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "103--103",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/14.1.103",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 26 14:04:48 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_14/Issue_01/tiff/103.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6130 (Data handling techniques)",
  corpsource =   "North Staffordshire Polytech., Beaconside, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60 procedure; recursive tree sort; sorting;
                 subroutines; trees (mathematics)",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Woodward:1971:UGA,
  author =       "P. M. Woodward and S. G. Bond",
  title =        "User's Guide to {ALGOL 68-R}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Royal Radar Establishment",
  address =      "Malvern, UK",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 09:17:02 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Wossner:1971:IOA,
  author =       "Hans W{\"o}ossner",
  title =        "On Identification of Operators in {Algol 68}",
  crossref =     "Peck:1971:AIP",
  pages =        "111--118",
  year =         "1971",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 08:14:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Yoneda:1971:DSA,
  author =       "Nobuo Yoneda",
  title =        "The description and the structure of {ALGOL N}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "10--14",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1971",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:21 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1972:BRI,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Informal Introduction to
                 ALGOL 68}}, by C. H. Lindsey, S. G. Van Der Muelen}",
  journal =      j-BIOMETRICS,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "250--253",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "BIOMB6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/2528981",
  ISSN =         "0006-341X (print), 1541-0420 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-341X",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 18 13:24:47 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/biometrics1970.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.jstor.org/stable/2528981",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Biometrics",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.jstor.org/journal/biometrics",
}

@Article{Baecker:1972:MMA,
  author =       "H. D. Baecker",
  title =        "On a missing mode in {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "20--30",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 25 06:58:24 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@Book{Bajpai:1972:FAP,
  author =       "Avinash Chandra Bajpai",
  title =        "{Fortran} and {Algol}: a programmed course for
                 students of science and technology",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "21 + 133 + 87",
  year =         "1972",
  ISBN =         "0-471-04371-0 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-04371-3 (paperback)",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 17:43:24 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  series =       "A Series of programmes on mathematics for scientists
                 and technologists",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); Algol language
                 Programmed texts; Digital computer systems ---
                 Programming --- Fortran language and; Electronic
                 digital computers --- Programming; FORTRAN (Computer
                 program language)",
}

@Article{Baker:1972:UOA,
  author =       "J. L. Baker",
  title =        "An unintentional omission from {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "244--245",
  day =          "??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 17 10:49:43 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Calgary, Alta., Canada",
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; constructs; formal languages; list
                 processing; problem oriented languages; programming
                 languages; syntactic analysis",
  treatment =    "G General Review",
}

@Article{Barth:1972:ABA,
  author =       "W. Barth",
  title =        "{Ein Algorithmus zur Berechnung aller rellen
                 Nullstellen in einem Interval}. ({German}) [{An}
                 algorithm to complete all real roots in an interval]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "327--333",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:51 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Tech. Hoschschule, Darmstadt, West Germany",
  annote =       "Mit 1 Abbildung ({German}) [With 1 figure].",
  classification = "C7310",
  description =  "mathematics; subroutines",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; all real roots in an interval; subroutine",
  language =     "German",
}

@TechReport{Bauer:1972:AWL,
  author =       "Henry Bauer and Sheldon Becker and Susan L. Graham and
                 Edwin Satterthwaite and Richard L. Sites",
  title =        "{Algol W} Language Description",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "[unknown]",
  address =      "[unknown]",
  pages =        "54",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 07:06:43 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.algol60.org/docsW/algolw.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark-01 =    "The document was typeset by \TeX{} on 7 July 2012,
                 four decades after the original was created. No Web
                 link for that has yet been found.",
  remark-02 =    "Wirth's name is not mentioned in this report, nor are
                 there any author affiliations listed.",
  remark-03 =    "From page 10: integer and real are 32-bit values, long
                 real is a 64-bit value, and bits is a linear seqence of
                 32 bits. Arithmetic is that of IBM System/360, and the
                 character set is EBCDIC, not ASCII. ``string: the value
                 is a linear sequence of at most 256 characters''. That
                 hints at a string representation with a 1-byte length
                 field, the same foolishness that crippled Pascal. From
                 page 11, long real constants are suffixed with the
                 letter L. From page 12, bits constants are hexadecimal
                 strings prefixed by sharp (\#). From page 12, a quote
                 character inside a string is represented by two
                 quotes.",
  remark-04 =    "From page 15, arrays are declared as parenthesized
                 lists of bound ranges: ARRAY FOO(-2::3, 0::2, 5::7,
                 \ldots{}). ``The bound pair expressions can depend only
                 on variables and procedures global to the block in
                 which the declaration occurs.'' That requires run-time
                 allocation at nested block entry.",
  remark-05 =    "From page 18, for-loops look like ``FOR N:= 0 UNTIL K
                 DO stmt'', so there is no final statement ending
                 keyword, as in Algol 68, the loop index is local to the
                 loop, and not otherwise declared earlier.",
  remark-06 =    "From page 32, assignments are values, so ``A:= B:= C:=
                 etc.'' is valid.",
  remark-07 =    "From page 33, array slicing in procedure calls is
                 valid: INNERPRODUCT (IP, N, A(I,*), B(*,J)).",
  remark-08 =    "From page 34, GOTO label and GO TO label are
                 supported, and IF statements suffer from the dangling
                 ELSE problem.",
  remark-09 =    "From page 45, math functions come in pairs, FOO() and
                 LONGFOO().",
  remark-10 =    "There are predefined numerical constants, MAXINTEGER,
                 EPSILON, LONGEPSILON, MAXREAL, and PI.",
  remark-11 =    "Exception handling, with value substitution, is
                 supported: OVFL:= EXCEPTION(false, 10, 1, true,
                 {"}OVERFLOW FIXED UP{"}).",
}

@Article{Bayer:1972:OBT,
  author =       "R. Bayer",
  title =        "Oriented balanced trees and equivalence relations",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "226--228",
  day =          "??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 17 10:49:43 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "B0250 (Combinatorial mathematics); C1160
                 (Combinatorial mathematics); C7310 (Mathematics
                 computing)",
  corpsource =   "Tech. Univ., Munich, West Germany",
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; combinatorial mathematics; computer aided
                 analysis; computer algorithm; data structures;
                 equivalence classes; equivalence relations; oriented
                 balanced trees; subroutines; tree handling; trees
                 (mathematical)",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Branquart:1972:CFS,
  author =       "P. Branquart and J. P. Cardinael and J. P. Delescaille
                 and J. Lewi",
  title =        "A context-free syntax of {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "141--148",
  day =          "??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 17 10:49:43 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "MBLE Res. Lab., Brussels, Belgium",
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190/",
  keywords =     "abbreviations; ALGOL; ALGOL 68; context free syntax;
                 context-free languages; extended language;
                 representation language; strict language",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Bron:1972:AAM,
  author =       "Coenraad Bron",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 426}: Merge Sort Algorithm [{M1}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "357--358",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:28:10 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm15.html#Bron72;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  note =         "See remark \cite{Bron:1974:RAM}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6130 (Data handling techniques)",
  corpsource =   "Technol. Univ., Eindhoven, Netherlands",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60 procedure; merge sort algorithm; merging;
                 recursion; sorting; subroutines",
  oldlabel =     "Bron72",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Bron72",
}

@Book{Buffet:1972:DDL,
  author =       "J. Buffet and P. Arnal and A. Qu{\'e}r{\'e} and A. van
                 Wijngaarden",
  title =        "D{\'e}finition du langage algorithmique {ALGOL 68}:
                 Rapport sur le langage algorithmique {ALGOL 68}.
                 ({French}) [{Definition} of the Algorithmic Language
                 {ALGOL 68}: Report on the Algorithmic Language {ALGOL
                 68}]",
  volume =       "1354",
  publisher =    pub-HERMANN,
  address =      pub-HERMANN:adr,
  pages =        "vii + 222",
  year =         "1972",
  ISBN =         "2-7056-1354-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-2-7056-1354-9",
  LCCN =         "Q111 .A3 no. 1354 QA76.73.A24",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Actualit{\'e}s scientifiques et industrielles",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "At head of title: Groupe ALGOL de l'AFCET. ``Rapport
                 sur le langage algorithmique ALGOL 68, A. van
                 Wijngaarden, {\'e}diteur'': p. [43]-222. Includes
                 French translation of \cite{vanWijngaarden:1968:RAL}.",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Book{Corlett:1972:PP,
  author =       "Peter Norman Corlett and J. D. (John David) Tinsley
                 and R. A. (Royston Albert) Court",
  title =        "Practical Programming",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "x + 264",
  year =         "1972",
  ISBN =         "0-521-08198-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-08198-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6 .C66 1972",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 28 10:42:07 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  series =       "School Mathematics Project Handbooks",
  abstract =     "This book was written for those wishing to make use of
                 the many computing facilities now available to
                 students. It is hoped that it will ease the way for
                 colleges and schools starting computing in the near
                 future, and will act as a stimulus for those who had
                 not thought such work was within their capabilities. It
                 may also appeal to those requiring an insight into
                 practical computing methods before embarking on their
                 own research.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algol (computer program language); electronic digital
                 computers -- programming; Fortran (computer program
                 language); numerical analysis -- data processing",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 Algol summary \\
                 Practical programming \\
                 Integers and arrays \\
                 Statistics \\
                 Procedures \\
                 Advanced procedures \\
                 Iteration \\
                 Polynomials \\
                 Matrices and determinants \\
                 Fortran summary \\
                 Fortran programs",
}

@Article{Culik:1972:BRJa,
  author =       "Karel {\v{C}}ul{\'{\i}}k",
  title =        "Book Review: {J. W. Backus, F. L. Bauer, J. Green, C.
                 Katz, J. McCarthy, P. Naur (editor), A. J. Perlis, H.
                 Rutishauser, K. Samelson, B. Vauquois, J. H. Wegstein,
                 A. van Wijngaarden, and M. Woodger. \booktitle{Report
                 on the algorithmic language ALGOL 60}. Numerische
                 Mathematik, vol. 2 (1960), pp. 106--136; also
                 Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery, vol. 3 (1960), pp. 299--314}",
  journal =      j-J-SYMBOLIC-LOGIC,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "622--623",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "JSYLA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/2272793",
  ISSN =         "0022-4812 (print), 1943-5886 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0022-4812",
  bibdate =      "Sun Aug 23 12:22:38 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.jstor.org/stable/2272793",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Symbolic Logic",
  journal-URL =  "http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jsl;
                 http://www.jstor.org/journal/jsymboliclogic",
  subject-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10
                 November 1970); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25
                 May 1980)",
}

@Article{Culik:1972:BRJb,
  author =       "Karel {\v{C}}ul{\'{\i}}k",
  title =        "Book Review: {J. W. Backus, F. L. Bauer, J. Green, C.
                 Katz, J. McCarthy, P. Naur, A. J. Perlis, H.
                 Rutishauser, K. Samelson, B. Vauquois, J. H. Wegstein,
                 A. van Wijngaarden, and M. Woodger. \booktitle{Revised
                 report on the algorithmic language ALGOL 60}.
                 Numerische Mathematik, vol. 4 (1962--1963), pp.
                 420--453; also ibid., vol. 6 (1963), pp. 1--17; and The
                 Computer Journal, vol. 5 no. 4 (1963), pp. 349--367}",
  journal =      j-J-SYMBOLIC-LOGIC,
  volume =       "37",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "623--624",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "JSYLA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.2307/2272794",
  ISSN =         "0022-4812 (print), 1943-5886 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0022-4812",
  bibdate =      "Sun Aug 23 12:23:54 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.jstor.org/stable/2272794",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Symbolic Logic",
  journal-URL =  "http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jsl;
                 http://www.jstor.org/journal/jsymboliclogic",
  subject-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10
                 November 1970); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25
                 May 1980)",
}

@Manual{DEC:1972:DML,
  author =       "{Digital Equipment Corporation}",
  title =        "{DECsystem-10} mathematical languages handbook:
                 {FORTRAN}, {BASIC}, {ALGOL}",
  organization = pub-DEC,
  address =      pub-DEC:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "388",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  series =       "DECsystem-10 handbook series.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Index.",
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); BASIC (Computer
                 program language); FORTRAN (Computer program
                 language).",
}

@Article{Dinkel:1972:BRB,
  author =       "John Dinkel",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Numerical Methods of
                 Mathematical Optimization with ALGOL and FORTRAN
                 Programs}} (Hans P. Kunzi, H. G. Tzschach and C. A.
                 Zehnder)}",
  journal =      j-SIAM-REVIEW,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "359--361",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "SIREAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1137/1014046",
  ISSN =         "0036-1445 (print), 1095-7200 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-1445",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 27 09:06:38 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://epubs.siam.org/toc/siread/14/2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/siamreview.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIAM Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://epubs.siam.org/sirev",
  onlinedate =   "April 1972",
}

@Article{Dinkel:1972:BRN,
  author =       "John Dinkel",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Numerical Methods of
                 Mathematical Optimization with ALGOL and FORTRAN
                 Programs}} (Hans P. Kunzi, H. G. Tzschach and C. A.
                 Zehnder)}",
  journal =      j-SIAM-REVIEW,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "359--361",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "SIREAD",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1137/1014046",
  ISSN =         "0036-1445 (print), 1095-7200 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-1445",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 27 09:06:38 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://epubs.siam.org/toc/siread/14/2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/siamreview.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "SIAM Rev.",
  fjournal =     "SIAM Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://epubs.siam.org/sirev",
  onlinedate =   "April 1972",
}

@Article{Earley:1972:MIC,
  author =       "Jay Earley and Paul Caizergues",
  title =        "Method for Incrementally Compiling Languages with
                 Nested Statement Structure",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1040--1044",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:37:13 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm15.html#EarleyC72;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  abstract =     "The method permits editing of the source language
                 using a general purpose text editor, and incremental
                 processing of changes without frequent recompilation of
                 entire routines. The essential points of the method
                 are: the syntax of the language is restricted insofar
                 as which constructs may occur on lines; an internal
                 data structure (called the skeleton) is maintained to
                 represent the statement structure; the recompilation is
                 partially batched in the sense that recompilation of
                 modified lines does not occur until the last of a set
                 of editing commands has been received; and the parsing
                 and compilation are factored into two parts, that done
                 on individual lines and that done globally to handle
                 the relationships between the lines.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Univ. California, Berkeley, CA, USA",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; computer operating systems --- Program
                 Compilers; computer programming languages; data
                 processing --- Data Structures; editor; general purpose
                 text; incremental compilation; nested statement
                 structure; PL/I; program compilers; programming
                 languages; source language",
  oldlabel =     "EarleyC72",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/EarleyC72",
}

@Article{Eastman:1972:PRS,
  author =       "Charles M. Eastman",
  title =        "Preliminary report on a system for general space
                 planning",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "76--87",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:37:16 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm15.html#Eastman72;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages); C7400 (Engineering
                 computing)",
  corpsource =   "Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; architects; CAD; computer language;
                 computer-aided design; engineering; extension of ALGOL;
                 general space planning; heuristic programming;
                 orthographic drawings; set of programs; urban
                 designers",
  oldlabel =     "Eastman72",
  treatment =    "G General Review; P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Eastman72",
}

@Article{Emery:1972:APR,
  author =       "J. Emery and J. Vine",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Remark on {``Procedures for
                 Simplifying Boolean Expressions'' [BIT {\bf 6}(3),
                 1966, pp. 260--269, by Bo Hellgren]}",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "434--434",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01932312",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:12 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=12&issue=3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Hellgren:1969:APC}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=12&issue=3&spage=434",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@TechReport{Feldman:1972:RDS,
  author =       "Jerome A. Feldman and James R. Low and Daniel C.
                 Swinehart and Russell H. Taylor",
  title =        "Recent developments in {SAIL}, an {ALGOL}-based
                 language for artificial intelligence",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-72-308 (AIM-176, AD754109)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-72-308.html",
  abstract =     "New features added to SAIL, an ALGOL based language
                 for the PDP-10, are discussed. The features include:
                 procedure variables; multiple processes; coroutines; a
                 limited form of backtracking; an event mechanism for
                 inter-process communication; and matching procedures, a
                 new way of searching the LEAP associative data base.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "28",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-72-308",
}

@Article{Fischer:1972:LCS,
  author =       "Michael J. Fischer",
  title =        "Lambda calculus schemata",
  journal =      j-SIGACT,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "14",
  pages =        "104--109",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "SIGNDM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/942580.807077",
  ISSN =         "0163-5700 (print), 1943-5827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5700",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 21 06:52:56 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigact.bib",
  abstract =     "A lambda calculus schema is an expression of the
                 lambda calculus augmented by uninterpreted constant and
                 function symbols and thus is an abstraction of
                 programming languages such as LISP which permit
                 functions to be passed to or returned from other
                 functions. We then consider two natural implementation
                 strategies: the retention strategy in which all
                 variable bindings are retained until no longer needed
                 (implying the use of some sort of garbage collected
                 store) and the deletion strategy, modelled after the
                 usual stack implementation of ALGOL-60, in which
                 variable bindings are destroyed when control leaves the
                 procedure (or block) in which they were created. Berry
                 shows that the deletion strategy implementation is not
                 `correct' for a wide class of languages in the sense
                 that it is not equivalent to natural extensions of the
                 copy rule of ALGOL to such languages, whereas the
                 retention strategy is correct in that sense. We show,
                 however, that no real power is lost in restricting
                 oneself to a deletion strategy implementation, for any
                 program can be translated into an equivalent one which
                 will work correctly under such an implementation. The
                 proof makes no use of the particular primitive
                 functions and data of the language and hence is true of
                 the corresponding schemata under all interpretations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGACT News",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigact",
}

@Article{Gill:1972:AIU,
  author =       "P. E. Gill and G. F. Miller",
  title =        "An algorithm for the integration of unequally spaced
                 data",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "80--83",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/15.1.80",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:49 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/1/80.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_01/150080.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_01/tiff/80.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_01/tiff/81.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_01/tiff/82.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_01/tiff/83.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4160 (Numerical integration and differentiation);
                 C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Nat. Phys. Lab., Teddington, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL procedure; cubic; divided differences;
                 integration; interpolation; numerical integration;
                 subroutines; unequally spaced data",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@TechReport{Golub:1972:LAS,
  author =       "Gene H. Golub and Richard R. Underwood and James H.
                 Wilkinson",
  title =        "The {Lanczos} Algorithm for the Symmetric {$ A x =
                 \lambda B x $} Problem",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-72-270 (PB209616 SU326P30-16)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "iii + 24",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/golub-gene-h.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/l/lanczos-cornelius.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wilkinson-james-hardy.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/gvl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-72-270.html",
  abstract =     "The problem of computing the eigensystem of $ A x =
                 \lambda B x $ when $A$ and $B$ are symmetric and $B$ is
                 positive definite is considered. A generalization of
                 the Lanczos algorithm for reducing the problem to a
                 symmetric tridiagonal eigenproblem is given. A
                 numerically stable variant of the algorithm is
                 described. The new algorithm depends heavily upon the
                 computation of elementary Hermitian matrices. An ALGOL
                 W procedure and a numerical example are also given.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Gene Howard Golub (February 29, 1932--November 16,
                 2007); James H. Wilkinson (27 September 1919--5 October
                 1986)",
  keywords =     "band; Cholesky; eigenvalue; eigenvector; elementary
                 Hermitian matrix; error analysis; geig; generalized;
                 Householder; Lanczos; Lanczos algorithm; matrix; nla;
                 orthogonalization; positive definite; symmetric;
                 tridiagonal",
  pdfpages =     "27",
  subject-dates = "Cornelius Lanczos (2 February 1893--25 June 1974)",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-72-270",
}

@Article{Grad:1972:ALS,
  author =       "J. Grad and E. Zakrajsek",
  title =        "{$ L R $} Algorithm with {Laguerre} Shift for
                 Symmetric Tridiagonal Matrices",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "268--270",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/15.3.268",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:50 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/3.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/3/268.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_03/150268.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_03/tiff/268.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_03/tiff/269.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_03/tiff/270.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0290H (Linear algebra); C4140 (Linear algebra); C7310
                 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Ljubljana, Yugoslavia",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; convergence; cubic rate of; eigenvalues;
                 eigenvalues and eigenfunctions; iterative methods;
                 iterative process; Laguerre shift; LR algorithm;
                 matrices; subroutines; symmetric tridiagonal",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Book{Higman:1972:PVS,
  author =       "B. Higman",
  title =        "{Programmiersprachen, eine vergleichende Studie}.
                 ({German}) [{Programming} languages, a comparative
                 study]",
  publisher =    pub-CARL-HANSER,
  address =      pub-CARL-HANSER:adr,
  year =         "1972",
  ISBN =         "3-446-10547-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-446-10547-8",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 Misc/TUBScsd.bib; Misc/TUBScsd/1972.bib",
  keywords =     "Algol; Cobol; CPL; Fortran; IPL-V; Jovial; PL/I;
                 Programmiersprache; Rekursion",
  language =     "German",
  tableofcontents = "1. Einleitung \\
                 2. Die Eigenschaften einer Sprache im Allgemeinen \\
                 3. Rekursion \\
                 4. Die ``Polnische Notation'' \\
                 5. Theorie der Namen \\
                 6. Systembezogene Aspekte \\
                 7. Formale Struktur der Sprachen \\
                 8. Der Makrogenerator \\
                 9. Vom Maschinencode zu Fortran \\
                 10. Cobol \\
                 11. Algol \\
                 12. Sprachen zur Verarbeitung von Listen \\
                 13. CPL und PL/I \\
                 14. Ein- und Ausgabe \\
                 15. Verschiedenes",
}

@Article{Hill:1972:DEE,
  author =       "I. D. Hill",
  title =        "Data Editing and Estimation: The Use of {Algol} in a
                 Bronchitis Survey",
  journal =      j-APPL-STAT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "37--41",
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "APSTAG",
  ISSN =         "0035-9254 (print), 1467-9876 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9254",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 20 17:49:13 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/as1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7330 (Biology and medical computing)",
  conflocation = "Canterbury, Kent, UK; 5-7 April 1971",
  conftitle =    "Conference on data editing and estimation",
  fjournal =     "Applied Statistics",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-9876/issues",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; chronic bronchitis; computer; medicine;
                 survey",
  sponsororg =   "Royal Statistical Soc",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Hogben:1972:OIC,
  author =       "David Hogben",
  title =        "{OMNITAB II}: a computing system for statistical
                 problem solving using {Dutch} rather than {FORTRAN} or
                 {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-STAT-NEERLANDICA,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "85--99",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9574.1972.tb00176.x",
  ISSN =         "0039-0402 (print), 1467-9574 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0039-0402",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 8 09:07:30 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/statneerlandica.bib",
  URL =          "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1467-9574.1972.tb00176.x",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Stat. Neerl.",
  fjournal =     "Statistica Neerlandica",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-9574",
  onlinedate =   "September 1972",
}

@Article{Hudson:1972:IPS,
  author =       "R. J. W. Hudson",
  title =        "An Implementation of Phrase Structures in {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "231--240",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380020305",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
  xxauthor =     "R. J. W. Housden",
}

@Book{ISO:1972:PLA,
  author =       "{ISO}",
  title =        "Programming language: {ALGOL}: {UDC 681.3.04. Ref. no.
                 ISO\slash R 1538-1972 (E)}",
  volume =       "R 1538",
  publisher =    pub-ISO,
  address =      pub-ISO:adr,
  pages =        "82",
  year =         "1972",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 24 15:49:20 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isostd.bib",
  series =       "ISO recommendation",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{Jones:1972:AMI,
  author =       "H. S. P. Jones",
  title =        "Algorithm 72: Multiple integer arithmetic procedures
                 in {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "281--282",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/15.3.281",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_03/tiff/281.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_03/tiff/282.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods); C7310 (Mathematics
                 computing)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Warwick, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "addition; ALGOL; algorithm; digital arithmetic;
                 multiple integer arithmetic procedures; multiplication;
                 subroutines; subtraction",
  treatment =    "A Application",
}

@Book{Kerner:1972:BAS,
  author =       "I. O. Kerner",
  title =        "{Bericht {\"u}ber die Algorithmische Sprache ALGOL
                 68}. ({German}) [{Report on the Algorithmic Language
                 ALGOL 68}]",
  publisher =    pub-AKADEMIE-VERLAG,
  address =      pub-AKADEMIE-VERLAG:adr,
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 08:11:07 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "German translation by Kerner of
                 \cite{vanWijngaarden:1969:RALb}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Kildall:1972:AEA,
  author =       "Gary A. Kildall and Alan B. Roberts",
  title =        "{ALGOL-E}: an experimental approach to the study of
                 programming languages",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "127--135",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/873684.873714",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 18 08:53:44 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Knuth:1972:ENA,
  author =       "Donald E. Knuth and R. W. Floyd",
  title =        "Erratum: {``Notes on avoiding `go to' statements''}",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "177--177",
  day =          "??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 17 10:49:43 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc1970.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Knuth:1971:NAG}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190/",
}

@InCollection{Knuth:1972:HWC,
  author =       "Donald E. Knuth",
  title =        "A History of Writing Compilers",
  crossref =     "Pollack:1972:CT",
  pages =        "38--56",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 06:05:24 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kolbig:1972:CAC,
  author =       "K. S. K{\"o}lbig",
  title =        "Certification of ``{Algorithm 363}: {Complex} error
                 function''",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "465--466",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:55:38 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm15.html#Kolbig72;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Gautschi:1969:ACE}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  classcodes =   "C4120 (Functional analysis); C7310 (Mathematics
                 computing)",
  corpsource =   "CERN, Geneva, Switzerland",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "$\erf(z)$; complex error function; function
                 evaluation; special functions; subroutines; Voigt
                 function",
  oldlabel =     "Kolbig72",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Corrections and tests of an Algol
                 procedure.",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Kolbig72",
}

@TechReport{Krullis:1972:PVL,
  author =       "S. Krullis",
  title =        "{Programmierung Einer Verkettungsmatrix Von
                 Literaturzitaten In Algol 60}",
  type =         "Semesterarbeit Am Inst. F. Informatik",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart",
  address =      "Stuttgart, West Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@Article{Ledgard:1972:MTC,
  author =       "Henry F. Ledgard",
  title =        "Model for Type Checking --- with an Application to
                 {Algol 60}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "956--966",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:58:05 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm15.html#Ledgard72;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper attempts to isolate the notion of type
                 checking and presents a partial solution to the type
                 checking problem based on the notions of abstraction
                 and application of functions. A program is mapped into
                 an expression within a decidable subset of the
                 lambda-calculus, which characterizes the type relations
                 within the program and eliminates all other
                 information. The determination of the type-wise
                 correctness or incorrectness of the program is resolved
                 by reducing its corresponding lambda-calculus
                 expression to one of two normal forms, the constant
                 ``correct'' for a type-wise correct program or the
                 constant ``error.'' An application to type checking in
                 Algol 60 is made, and the attendant problems faced for
                 any notion of type checking are discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD, USA",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "abstraction; ALGOL; ALGOL 60; application of
                 functions; compilation; computer programming languages;
                 execution; lambda calculus; model; program compilers;
                 type checking",
  oldlabel =     "Ledgard72",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Ledgard72",
}

@Article{Lindsey:1972:AFT,
  author =       "Charles H. Lindsey",
  title =        "{Algol 68} with Fewer Tears",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "176--188",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/15.2.176",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:49 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/subjects/acc-stab-num-alg.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/2/176.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/150176.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/176.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/177.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/178.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/179.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/180.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/181.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/182.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/183.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/184.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/185.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/186.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/187.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/188.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Manchester, UK",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; guide; programming language",
  mynote =       "This paper is a valid ALGOL 68 program!",
  remark =       "From the abstract: ``Many implementations of ALGOL 68
                 are under way, and the one implementation actually
                 running [at the Royal Radar Establishment at Malvern]
                 has successfully compiled this paper.''",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Malcolm:1972:PRA,
  author =       "Michael A. Malcolm",
  title =        "{PL360} (Revised Again) A Programming Language for the
                 {IBM 360}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-71-215 (revised again)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "iv + 103",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 11 16:35:00 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  note =         "Original version May 1971.",
  URL =          "https://bitsavers.org/pdf/stanford/cs_techReports/STAN-CS-71-215_PL360_Revised_A_Programming_Language_For_The_IBM_360_May71.pdf",
  abstract =     "In 1968, N. Wirth (Jan. JACM) published a formal
                 description of PL360, a programming language designed
                 specifically for the IBM 360. PL360 has an appearance
                 similar to that of Algol, but it provides the
                 facilities of a symbolic machine language. Since 1968,
                 numerous extensions and modifications have been made to
                 the PL360 compiler which was originally designed and
                 implemented by N. Wirth and J. Wells. Interface and
                 input--output subroutines have been written which allow
                 the use of PL360 under OS, DOS, MTS and Orvyl.\par

                 A formal description of PL360 as it is presently
                 implemented is given. The description of the language
                 is followed by sections on the use of PL360 under
                 various operating systems, namely OS, DOS and MTS.
                 Instructions on how to use the PL360 compiler and PL360
                 programs in an interactive mode under the Orvyl
                 time-sharing monitor are also included.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "107",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-71-215 (revised again)",
}

@TechReport{Malcolm:1972:PRP,
  author =       "Michael A. Malcolm",
  title =        "{PL360} (revised): a programming language for the {IBM
                 360}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-71-215 (AD727115)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "vii + 103",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-71-215.html",
  abstract =     "In 1968, N. Wirth (Jan. JACM) published a formal
                 description of PL360, a programming language designed
                 specifically for the IBM 360. PL360 has an appearance
                 similar to that of Algol, but it provides the
                 facilities of a symbolic machine language. Since 1968,
                 numerous extensions and modifications have been made to
                 the PL360 compiler which was originally designed and
                 implemented by N. Wirth and J. Wells. Interface and
                 input-output subroutines have been written which allow
                 the use of PL360 under OS, DOS, MTS and Orvyl. A formal
                 description of PL360 as it is presently implemented is
                 given. The description of the language is followed by
                 sections on the use of PL360 under various operating
                 systems, namely OS, DOS and MTS. Instructions on how to
                 use the PL360 compiler and PL360 programs in an
                 interactive mode under the Orvyl time-sharing monitor
                 are also included.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "112",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-71-215",
}

@PhdThesis{Marshall:1972:IA,
  author =       "Sidney Marshall",
  title =        "On the implementation of {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} thesis",
  school =       "School of Engineering, Dartmouth College",
  address =      "Hanover, NH, USA",
  pages =        "547",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 16:04:50 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/dartmouth/theses/Marshall_-_On_The_Implementation_of_ALGOL_68_197206.pdf;
                 https://www.proquest.com/pqdtglobal/docview/302689344",
  abstract =     "This thesis is concerned with implementing a compiler
                 for the computer language ALGOL 60. Th2 compiler
                 contains two passes that are syntax directed followed
                 by a third code generating pass. \ldots{} The purpose
                 of this thesis was to see if practical compilers for
                 ALGOL 68 could be written. It was found that such a
                 compiler could be written but that there were some
                 language features that could be modified to simplify
                 the compiler writing task.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Mathur:1972:BDC,
  author =       "F. P. Mathur",
  title =        "A brief description and comparison of programming
                 languages {FORTRAN}, {ALGOL}, {COBOL}, {PL/I}, and
                 {LISP} 1.5 from a critical standpoint",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Inst. of
                 Technology",
  address =      "Pasadena, CA, USA",
  pages =        "13.",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{McKay:1972:APCa,
  author =       "A. C. McKay",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Certification of contribution no.
                 10: {LPMODSIMPLEX} {[BIT {\bf 4}(4), 1964, pp.
                 189--196]}",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "267--268",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01932820",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 4 18:52:12 MST 2006",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0006-3835&volume=12&issue=2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  note =         "See
                 \cite{Josefsen:1964:APC,Asker:1966:APC,McKay:1972:APCb}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0006-3835&volume=12&issue=2&spage=267",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{McKay:1972:APCb,
  author =       "A. C. McKay",
  title =        "{Algol} Programming: Certification of contribution no.
                 10: {LPMODSIMPLEX} {[BIT {\bf 4}(4), 1964, pp.
                 189--196]} with upper bounds",
  journal =      j-BIT,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "268--271",
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "BITTEL, NBITAB",
  ISSN =         "0006-3835 (print), 1572-9125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0006-3835",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 19 07:37:01 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bit.bib",
  note =         "See
                 \cite{Josefsen:1964:APC,Asker:1966:APC,McKay:1972:APCa}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10543",
}

@Article{Morris:1972:BVW,
  author =       "James H. {Morris, Jr.}",
  title =        "A Bonus from {van Wijngaarden}'s Device",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "773--773",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/361532.361558",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:06:03 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/reynolds.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm15.html#Morris72;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. California, Berkeley, CA, USA",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 60 programs; eliminate all labels;
                 nonlocal transfers; procedure returns",
  oldlabel =     "Morris72",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Morris72",
}

@Article{Oliver:1972:DAC,
  author =       "J. Oliver",
  title =        "A doubly-adaptive {Clenshaw--Curtis} quadrature
                 method",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "141--147",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/15.2.141",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:49 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/c/clenshaw-charles-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/2/141.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/150141.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/141.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/142.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/143.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/144.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/145.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/146.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/147.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4160 (Numerical integration and differentiation);
                 C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; automatic integration algorithm; Clenshaw
                 Curtis; computer programming; computers; doubly
                 adaptive; integration; quadrature method; subroutines",
  subject-dates = "Charles William Clenshaw (15 March 1926--23 September
                 2004)",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@TechReport{Peck:1972:AC,
  author =       "J. E. L. Peck",
  title =        "An {ALGOL 68} Companion",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "TR-71-01",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, University of British
                 Columbia",
  address =      "Vancouver, BC, Canada",
  edition =      "Revised preliminary",
  pages =        "ii + 155",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 16:43:42 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.cs.ubc.ca/tr/1971/tr-71-01",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 1 Denotations \\
                 1.1 Language levels \\
                 1.2 Objects \\
                 1.3 Names \\
                 1.4 Variables \\
                 1.5 Denotations \\
                 1.6 Boolean denotations \\
                 1.7 Integral denotations \\
                 1.8 Real denotations \\
                 1.9 Character denotations \\
                 1.10 Modes \\
                 1.11 String denotations \\
                 1.12 other denotations \\
                 1.13 Program example \\
                 \\
                 2 Some fundamental concepts \\
                 2.1 Declarers \\
                 2.2 Elaboration of a syntax of identity extension \\
                 2.3 Local generators \\
                 2.4 The generator \\
                 2.5 Identity declarations \\
                 2.6 The declarations \\
                 2.7 Formal parameters \\
                 2.8 An extension \\
                 2.9 An assignation \\
                 2.10 The syntax of assignations \\
                 2.11 References \\
                 2.12 Dereferencing \\
                 2.13 Initialized declarations \\
                 2.14 Program example \\
                 \\
                 3 Unitary clauses \\
                 3.1 Introduction \\
                 3.2 Bases \\
                 3.3 Identifiers \\
                 3.4 Slices \\
                 3.5 Multiple values \\
                 3.6 Trimmers \\
                 3.7 Calls \\
                 3.8 Void cast packs \\
                 3.9 Cohesions \\
                 3.10 Selections \\
                 3.11 Formulas \\
                 3.12 Confrontations \\
                 3.13 Identity relations \\
                 3.14 Casts \\
                 3.15 Program example \\
                 \\
                 4 Clauses \\
                 4.1 Conditional clauses \\
                 4.2 simple extensions of the conditional clause \\
                 4.3 Case clauses \\
                 4.4 Repetitive statements \\
                 4.5 Closed clauses \\
                 4.6 Collateral phrases \\
                 4.7 Serial clauses \\
                 4.8 Program example \\
                 \\
                 5 Routine denotations and calls \\
                 5.1 The parameter mechanism \\
                 5.2 Routine denotations \\
                 5.3 More on parameters \\
                 5.4 The syntax of routine denotations \\
                 5.5 What happened to the old call by name? \\
                 5.6 Program example \\
                 \\
                 6 coercion \\
                 6.1 Fundamentals \\
                 6.2 Classification of coercions \\
                 6.3 Fitting \\
                 6.4 Adjusting \\
                 6.5 Adapting \\
                 6.6 Syntactic position \\
                 6.7 Coercends \\
                 6.8 A significant example \\
                 6.9 The syntactic machine \\
                 6.10 Balancing \\
                 6.11 Soft balancing \\
                 6.12 Weak balancing \\
                 6.13 Firm balancing \\
                 6.14 Strong balancing \\
                 6.15 Positions of balancing \\
                 6.16 Program example \\
                 \\
                 7 United modes \\
                 7.1 United declarers \\
                 7.2 Assignations with united destination \\
                 7.3 Conformity relations \\
                 7.4 Conformity and unions \\
                 7.5 conformity extensions \\
                 \\
                 8 Formulas and operators \\
                 8.1 Formula \\
                 8.2 Priority declarations \\
                 8.3 Operation declarations \\
                 8.4 Elaboration of operation declarations \\
                 8.5 Dyadic indications and operators \\
                 8.6 Identification of dyadic indications \\
                 8.7 Identification of operators \\
                 8.8 Elaboration of formulas \\
                 8.9 Monadic operators \\
                 8.10 Related modes \\
                 B.11 Peano curves \\
                 8.12 Chinese rings \\
                 \\
                 9 The grammar \\
                 9.1 The syntactic elements \\
                 9.2 Two levels \\
                 9.3 The metarules \\
                 9.4 The hyper-rules \\
                 9.5 A simple language \\
                 9.6 How to read the grammar \\
                 9.7 The indicators \\
                 \\
                 10 Mode declarations \\
                 10.1 Syntax \\
                 10.2 Development \\
                 10.3 Infinite modes \\
                 10.4 Shielding and showing \\
                 10.5 Identification \\
                 10.6 Equivalence of mane indications \\
                 10.7 Binary trees \\
                 10.8 Insertion in a binary tree \\
                 10.9 Tree searching \\
                 10.10 Searching and inserting \\
                 10.11 Tree walking \\
                 10.12 A non recursive approach \\
                 \\
                 11 Easy transput \\
                 11.1 General remarks \\
                 11.2 Print and read \\
                 11.3 Transput types \\
                 11.4 Standard output format \\
                 11.5 Conversion to strings \\
                 11.6 Standard input \\
                 11.7 String to numeric conversion \\
                 11.8 Simple file enquiries \\
                 11.9 Other files \\
                 References \\
                 Answers to Review Questions",
}

@Article{Petravic:1972:AOS,
  author =       "M. Petravic and G. Kuo-Petravic and K. V. Roberts",
  title =        "Automatic optimization of symbolic {Algol} programs.
                 {I}. {General} principles",
  journal =      j-J-COMPUT-PHYS,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "503--533",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "JCTPAH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(72)90050-2",
  ISSN =         "0021-9991 (print), 1090-2716 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-9991",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 1 09:15:08 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jcomputphys1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0021999172900502",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Journal of Computational Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00219991/",
}

@Article{Phillips:1972:SAAa,
  author =       "J. P. N. Phillips",
  title =        "Statistical Algorithms: {Algorithm AS 48}: Uncertainty
                 Function for a Binary Sequence",
  journal =      j-APPL-STAT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "97--99",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "APSTAG",
  ISSN =         "0035-9254 (print), 1467-9876 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9254",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 21 10:20:25 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/as1970.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  URL =          "http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/apstat/48",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Hull, UK",
  fjournal =     "Applied Statistics",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-9876/issues",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; all subsequences; binary sequence; complete
                 computer programs; frequency of; statistics;
                 uncertainty function",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Phillips:1972:SAAb,
  author =       "J. P. N. Phillips",
  title =        "Statistical Algorithms: {Algorithm AS 49}:
                 Autocorrelation Function for a Binary Sequence",
  journal =      j-APPL-STAT,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "100--103",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "APSTAG",
  ISSN =         "0035-9254 (print), 1467-9876 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9254",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 21 10:20:25 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/as1970.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  URL =          "http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/apstat/49",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Hull, UK",
  fjournal =     "Applied Statistics",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-9876/issues",
  keywords =     "60; ALGOL; algorithm; autocorrelation function; binary
                 sequence; binary sequences; correlation methods;
                 statistics; subroutines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Rain:1972:SFA,
  author =       "M. Rain",
  title =        "Some formal aspects of {MARY} or {ALGOL X} revisited",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "SINTEF, Technical University of Norway",
  address =      "Trondheim, Norway",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 13:05:23 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Referenced by \cite[p. 17]{vanderMeulen:1977:AMB}.",
}

@Article{Rogers:1972:USL,
  author =       "William H. Rogers and John W. Tukey",
  title =        "Understanding some long-tailed symmetrical
                 distributions",
  journal =      j-STAT-NEERLANDICA,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "211--226",
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "0039-0402 (print), 1467-9574 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0039-0402",
  MRclass =      "62E10; 62E15 (62Q05)",
  MRnumber =     "0383605 (52 \#4485)",
  MRreviewer =   "S. K. Katti",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 31 07:26:21 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/tukey-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Collection of articles in honour of Professor H. C.
                 Hamaker",
  ZMnumber =     "0245.62021",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ASnumber =     "113",
  author-dates = "John Wilder Tukey (16 June 1915--26 July 2000)",
  fjournal =     "Statistica Neerlandica. Journal of the Netherlands
                 Society for Statistics and Operations Research",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-9574",
  PMnumber =     "none",
  subjects =     "ALGOL",
}

@Article{Rosen:1972:PSL,
  author =       "Saul Rosen",
  title =        "Programming Systems and Languages (1965--1975)",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "591--600",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:17:00 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm15.html#Rosen72;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  abstract =     "In spite of impressive gains by PL/I, Fortran and
                 Cobol remain the languages in which most of the world's
                 production programs are written and will remain so into
                 the foreseeable future. There is a great deal of
                 theoretical interest in Algol 68 and in extensible
                 languages, but so far at least they have had little
                 practical impact. Problem-oriented languages may very
                 well become the most important language development
                 area in the next five to ten years.\par

                 In the operating system area all major computer
                 manufacturers set out to produce very ambitious
                 multiprogramming systems, and they all ran into similar
                 problems. A number of university projects,though not
                 directly comparable to those of the manufacturers, have
                 contributed greatly to a better understanding of
                 operating system principles. Important trends include
                 the increased interest in the development of system
                 measurement and evaluation techniques,and increased use
                 of microprogramming for some programming system
                 functions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140 (Programming languages); C6150J (Operating
                 systems)",
  corpsource =   "Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN, USA",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "history; languages; microprogramming;
                 multiprogramming; operating system; operating systems;
                 operating systems (computers); problem oriented
                 languages; programming; programming systems; reviews",
  oldlabel =     "Rosen72",
  treatment =    "G General Review",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Rosen72",
}

@Article{Sack:1972:AGQ,
  author =       "R. A. Sack and A. F. Donovan",
  title =        "An algorithm for {Gaussian} quadrature given modified
                 moments",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "465--478",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 26 11:49:34 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nummath.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4160 (Numerical integration and differentiation)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Salford, UK",
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/211",
  keywords =     "3 term recurrence relations; algebraic; ALGOL
                 procedure; Christoffel weights; co-diagonal matrix;
                 convergence; convergence of numerical methods;
                 eigenvalues; Gaussian quadrature; Given's method;
                 integration; long quotient modified difference
                 algorithm; modified moments; one dimensional product
                 integral; polynomials; weight function",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@TechReport{Saunders:1972:LSL,
  author =       "Michael A. Saunders",
  title =        "Large-scale linear programming using the {Cholesky}
                 factorization",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-72-252 (SU326 P30-14)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "64",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-72-252.html",
  abstract =     "A variation of the revised simplex method is proposed
                 for solving the standard linear programming problem.
                 The method is derived from an algorithm recently
                 proposed by Gill and Murray, and is based upon the
                 orthogonal factorization $ B = L Q $ or, equivalently,
                 upon the Cholesky factorization $ B B^T = L L^T $ where
                 $B$ is the usual square basis, $L$ is lower triangular
                 and $Q$ is orthogonal. We wish to retain the favorable
                 numerical properties of the orthogonal factorization,
                 while extending the work of Gill and Murray to the case
                 of linear programs which are both large and sparse. The
                 principal property exploited is that the Cholesky
                 factor $L$ depends only on $ \underline {\rm which} $
                 variables are in the basis, and not upon the $
                 \underline {\rm order} $ in which they happen to enter.
                 A preliminary ordering of the rows of the full data
                 matrix therefore promises to ensure that $L$ will
                 remain sparse throughout the iterations of the simplex
                 method. An initial (in-core) version of the algorithm
                 has been implemented in Algol W on the IBM 360/91 and
                 tested on several medium-scale problems from industry
                 (up to 930 constraints). While performance has not been
                 especially good on problems of high density, the method
                 does appear to be efficient on problems which are very
                 sparse, and on structured problems which have either
                 generalized upper bounding, block-angular, or staircase
                 form.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "64",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-72-252",
}

@Article{Schlechtendahl:1972:CRF,
  author =       "E. G. Schlechtendahl and U. Schumann",
  title =        "Correspondence: {Remarks} on {``Faults in functions,
                 in ALGOL and FORTRAN''}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "147--147",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/15.2.147",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 29 08:52:02 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Hill:1971:FFA}.",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/150147.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_02/tiff/147.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Book{Sheperd:1972:AP,
  author =       "Richard F. Sheperd",
  title =        "{Algol 60} programming",
  publisher =    pub-MCGRAW-HILL,
  address =      pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr,
  pages =        "169",
  year =         "1972",
  ISBN =         "0-07-094142-4 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-07-094142-7 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .S54 1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:05 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "European computer science series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Sites:1972:AWR,
  author =       "Richard L. Sites",
  title =        "{Algol W} Reference Manual",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-71-230 (PB203601)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "i + 141",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-71-230.html;
                 https://bitsavers.org/pdf/stanford/cs_techReports/STAN-CS-71-230_Algol_W_Reference_Manual_Feb72.pdf",
  abstract =     "``A Contribution to the Development of ALGOL'' by
                 Niklaus Wirth and C. A. R. Hoare was the basis for a
                 compiler developed for the IBM 360 at stanford
                 University. This report is a description of the
                 implemented language, ALGOL W. Historical background
                 and the goals of the language may be found in the Wirth
                 and Hoare paper.\par

                 This document is a major revision of and supersedes CS
                 110. The revisions were made in order to document a
                 significantly improved version of the ALGOL W compiler.
                 This version was known as X ALGOL W during the spring
                 and summer of 1971. In addition to new debugging
                 facilities documented under Compiler Options, the new
                 version of the compiler has slightly more meaningful
                 error messages documented in the completely re-written
                 Error Messages section. Various minor corrections and
                 changes have been made throughout the book, and same
                 examples have been added. There is now an index, and a
                 complete list of all words the compiler treats in any
                 special way.",
  abstract-2 =   "'A Contribution to the Development of ALGOL' by
                 Niklaus Wirth and C. A. R. Hoare was the basis for a
                 compiler developed for the IBM 360 at Stanford
                 University. This report is a description of the
                 implemented language, ALGOL W. Historical background
                 and the goals of the language may be found in the Wirth
                 and Hoare paper. This manual refers to the version of
                 the Algol W compiler dated 16 January 1972.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "160",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-71-230",
}

@TechReport{Summers:1972:AAF,
  author =       "Victor Summers and Dennis J. Frailey",
  title =        "The {Algol} and\slash or {Fortran} programmer's guide
                 to {Jovial}",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "CP-72017",
  institution =  "Computer Science/Operations Research Center, Institute
                 of Technology, Southern Methodist University",
  address =      "Dallas, TX, USA",
  pages =        "iv + 20",
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Includes bibliographical references (l. 20).",
}

@Article{Terrenoire:1972:EAI,
  author =       "M. Terrenoire and M. Simonet",
  title =        "An evaluation of {ALGOL 68} for interrogation process
                 algorithms",
  journal =      j-INT-J-COMPUT-INF-SCI,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "67--73",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "IJCIAH",
  ISSN =         "0091-7036",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 26 12:20:22 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjcomputinfsci.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Faculte Sci. Lyon, Villeurbanne, France",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; evaluation; interrogation process
                 algorithms; pseudoquestionnaires; random process;
                 random processes; subroutines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{vanderPoel:1972:CCS,
  author =       "W. L. {van der Poel}",
  title =        "Comment on the composition of semantics in {Algol
                 68}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "772--772",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/361532.361557",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:12:51 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm15.html#Poel72;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Technol. Delft, Netherlands",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; composition of semantics; data;
                 design; programming languages; programming primitives;
                 recursive composition; structures",
  oldlabel =     "Poel72",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Poel72",
}

@Book{vanWijngaarden:1972:BAS,
  editor =       "A. van Wijngaarden and Immo Ottomar Kerner and
                 others",
  title =        "{Bericht {\"u}ber die algorithmische Sprache ALGOL
                 68}. ({German}) [{Report} on the algorithmic language
                 {ALGOL 68}]",
  publisher =    pub-AKADEMIE-VERLAG,
  address =      pub-AKADEMIE-VERLAG:adr,
  pages =        "381",
  year =         "1972",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 R45 1972",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Elektronisches Rechnen und Regeln, Sonderband l5",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Based on the original edition published under the
                 title: Report on the algorithmic language ALGOL 68.
                 German and English.",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Book{Vasilev:1972:IA,
  author =       "Vladimir Alekseevich Vasiliev",
  title =        "Yazyk {ALGOL-68}: Osnovnye Ponyaiya. ({Russian})
                 [{The} {ALGOL-68} Language: Basic Concepts]",
  publisher =    "Izdatel'stvo Nauka",
  address =      "Moskva, USSR",
  pages =        "128",
  year =         "1972",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 V37",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Russian",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{Wichmann:1972:EES,
  author =       "B. A. Wichmann",
  title =        "Estimating the execution speed of an {Algol} program",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "24--44",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 25 06:58:23 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@Article{Wichmann:1972:FAC,
  author =       "B. A. Wichmann",
  title =        "Five {Algol} Compilers",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "8--12",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/15.1.8",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:49 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/1/8.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_01/150008.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_01/tiff/10.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_01/tiff/11.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_01/tiff/12.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_01/tiff/8.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_15/Issue_01/tiff/9.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors)",
  corpsource =   "Nat. Phys. Lab., Teddington, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "1108 Trondheim compiler; 1900 XALT; ALGOL; ALGOL 60;
                 ALGOL compilers; Atlas; B5500; code; code generation;
                 elementary statements; KDF9 Kidsgrove; machine; machine
                 architecture; program compilers",
}

@Article{Wichmann:1972:NII,
  author =       "B. A. Wichmann",
  title =        "A note on the {IFIP} input-output procedures for
                 {Algol 60}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "403--404",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380020413",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 10 12:36:39 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@TechReport{Wirth:1972:PCG,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth",
  title =        "On ``{Pascal}'', Code Generation, and the {CDC 6000}
                 Computer",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-72-257 (PB208519)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "i + 38",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1972",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.P35 W57",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-72-257.html;
                 http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/cstr/reports/cs/tr/72/257/CS-TR-72-257.pdf;
                 https://bitsavers.org/pdf/stanford/cs_techReports/STAN-CS-72-257_6600_PASCAL_Feb72.pdf",
  abstract =     "``PASCAL'' is a general purpose programming language
                 with characteristics similar to ALGOL 60, but with an
                 enriched set of program- and data structuring
                 facilities. It has been implemented on the CDC 6000
                 computer. This paper discusses selected topics of code
                 generation, in particular the selection of instruction
                 sequences to represent simple operations on arithmetic,
                 Boolean, and powerset operands. Methods to implement
                 recursive procedures are briefly described, and it is
                 hinted that the more sophisticated solutions are not
                 necessarily also the best. The CDC 6000 architecture
                 appears as a frequent source of pitfalls and nuisances,
                 and its main trouble spots are scrutinized and
                 discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
  pdfpages =     "40",
  remark =       "This report contains an interesting discussion of the
                 problems for compiler writers with a hardware
                 arithmetic design that subsumes integer arithmetic
                 inside one's complement floating-point arithmetic, and
                 is unable to detect integer overflow. The CDC 6000 and
                 7000, and Burroughs 5000 and 6000 families, share some
                 of these difficulties.",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-72-257",
}

@TechReport{Wirth:1972:PLPb,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth",
  title =        "The Programming Language {PASCAL} (Revised Report)",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "5",
  institution =  inst-ETH,
  address =      inst-ETH:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 48",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1972",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 29 19:12:05 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://pascal.hansotten.com/uploads/wirth/The_Programming_Language_Pascal_1972.pdf",
  abstract =     "A programming language called Pascal is described
                 which was developed on the basis of Algol 60. Compared
                 to Algol 60, its range of applicability is considerably
                 increased due to a variety of data structuring
                 facilities. In view of its intended usage both as a
                 convenient basis to teach programming and as an
                 efficient tool to write large programs, emphasis was
                 placed on keeping the number of fundamental concepts
                 reasonably small, on a simple and systematic language
                 structure, and on efficient implementability. A
                 one-pass compiler has been constructed for the CDC 6000
                 computer family. This Report may serve as a programmers
                 manual for PASCAL 6000.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
}

@Book{Woodward:1972:ARS,
  author =       "P. M. (Philip Mayne) Woodward and Susan Gillian Bond",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68-R} Users Guide",
  publisher =    pub-HMSO,
  address =      pub-HMSO:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 78",
  year =         "1972",
  ISBN =         "0-11-771422-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-11-771422-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 W66",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 17:08:57 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); ALGOL (Langage de
                 programmation); ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{Woodward:1972:PEA,
  author =       "P. M. Woodward",
  title =        "Practical Experience with {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--19",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380020103",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Ahmad:1973:CSN,
  author =       "M. Ahmad",
  title =        "The computing speed of a new machine",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "161--164",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/16.2.161",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:51 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/2/161.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_02/160161.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_02/tiff/161.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_02/tiff/162.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_02/tiff/163.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_02/tiff/164.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C0310 (EDP management)",
  corpsource =   "Pakistan Inst. Nuclear Sci. and Technol., Islamabad,
                 Pakistan",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL statements; ATLAS; CDC 3600; computer selection
                 and evaluation; computing speed; MU5; UNIVAC 1108",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Anonymous:1973:DBA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Differences between {Algol 68-R} and 68",
  type =         "RRE Internal Document",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Royal Radar Establishment",
  address =      "Malvern, Worcestershire, UK",
  edition =      "Second",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 09:46:48 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Cited in \cite[p. 203]{Brailsford:1976:ADC}",
}

@Article{Atkins:1973:MRA,
  author =       "M. Stella Atkins",
  title =        "Mutual recursion in {Algol 60} using restricted
                 compilers",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "47--48",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:22:12 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#Atkins73;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Warwick, Coventry, UK",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 60; mutual recursion; program compilers;
                 restricted compilers",
  oldlabel =     "Atkins73",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Atkins73",
}

@Article{Bekic:1973:IA,
  author =       "H. Beki{\'c} and Olivier Lecarme",
  title =        "An introduction to {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "7 (Part 3)",
  publisher =    pub-PERGAMON,
  address =      pub-PERGAMON:adr,
  bookpages =    "v + 143--197",
  pages =        "143--169",
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(73)90004-9",
  ISBN =         "0-08-017049-8, 0-08-017128-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-08-017049-7, 978-0-08-017128-9",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73 .A24",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 13:51:36 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  series =       "Annual review in automatic programming",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0066413873900049",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
  xxpages =      "v + 143--197",
}

@Article{Benson:1973:AAS,
  author =       "A. Benson and D. J. Evans",
  title =        "Algorithm 80: {An} algorithm for the solution of
                 periodic quindiagonal systems of linear equations",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "278--279",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/16.3.278",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_03/tiff/278.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_03/tiff/279.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0290H (Linear algebra); C4140 (Linear algebra)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Sheffield, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL subroutine; algorithm; equations; Gaussian
                 Elimination method; linear; linear algebra; periodic
                 quindiagonal systems; solution; subroutines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Bron:1973:AAF,
  author =       "Coen Bron and Joep Kerbosch",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 457}: Finding All Cliques of an
                 Undirected Graph",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "575--577",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:28:12 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Theory/clique.color.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Theory/graph.coloring.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#BronK73;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "An implicit enumeration algorithm for listing all
                 cliques in a graph. Includes easily translated code.",
  classcodes =   "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Technol. Univ., Eindhoven, Netherlands",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; backtracking algorithm; branch and bound
                 technique; cliques; clusters; fgraph coloring related
                 clique backtracking branch and bound; graph theory;
                 maximal complete; recursion; subgraph; subroutines;
                 undirected graph",
  oldlabel =     "BronK73",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/BronK73",
}

@Article{Chang:1973:AAB,
  author =       "Shi-Kuo Chang",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 445}: Binary Pattern Reconstruction
                 from Projections [{Z}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "185--186",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:30:24 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#Chang73;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  note =         "See remark \cite{Lau:1973:RAB}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B6140C (Optical information, image and video signal
                 processing); C1250 (Pattern recognition); C7800 (Other
                 computer applications)",
  corpsource =   "Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, USA",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; binary pattern; compression; data; picture
                 processing; projections; reconstruction; subroutines",
  oldlabel =     "Chang73",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Chang73",
}

@Article{Coulson:1973:ASP,
  author =       "V. G. Coulson and I. D. Hill and V. F. Hillier",
  title =        "{Algol} survey program",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13--15",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/16.1.13",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:51 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/1/13.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_01/160013.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_01/tiff/13.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_01/tiff/14.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_01/tiff/15.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7300 (Natural sciences computing)",
  corpsource =   "Medical Res. Council, London, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; computer aided analysis; data reduction and
                 analysis; survey analysis; survey program",
  treatment =    "A Application",
}

@Article{Domschke:1973:AAP,
  author =       "W. Domschke",
  title =        "{Algorithmen: ALGOL-Prozeduren f{\"u}r zwei Verfahren
                 zur Suche negativer Zyklen in bewerteten Diagraphen}.
                 ({German}) [{ALGOL}-procedures for two methods for
                 detecting negative cycles in valued digraphs]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "169--173",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:51 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ. Karlsruhe, West Germany",
  classification = "B0250; C1160; C7310",
  description =  "graph theory; subroutines",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; detecting; negative cycles; valued digraphs",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Domschke:1973:TNA,
  author =       "Wolfgang Domschke",
  title =        "Two New Algorithms for Minimal Cost Flow Problems",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "275--285",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:51 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ. Karlsruhe, West Germany",
  classification = "921; B0260; C1180",
  description =  "economics; minimisation",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  journalabr =   "Comput (Vienna/NY)",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; algorithms; capacitated flow networks;
                 mathematical programming; minimal cost flow",
}

@Book{Ekman:1973:IAP,
  author =       "Torgil Ekman and Carl Erik Fr{\"o}berg",
  title =        "Introduction to {ALGOL} programming",
  publisher =    "Studentlitteratur",
  address =      "Lund, Sweden",
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "vi + 186",
  year =         "1973",
  ISBN =         "91-44-00443-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-91-44-00443-3",
  LCCN =         "QA76.5 .E5313 1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:12:45 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); ALGOL (Langage de
                 programmation); ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@TechReport{Erkio:1973:EAV,
  author =       "Hannu Erkio",
  title =        "An extension of {ALGOL} with variable precision
                 floating-point arithmetic",
  type =         "Series {A}. Report",
  number =       "1973/2",
  institution =  "University of Helsinki, Department of Computer
                 Science",
  address =      "Helsinki",
  pages =        "ii + 20",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); Floating-point
                 arithmetic",
}

@Article{Gallaher:1973:AAM,
  author =       "L. J. Gallaher",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 440}: {A} Multidimensional {Monte
                 Carlo} Quadrature with Adaptive Stratified Sampling
                 [{D1}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "49--50",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:42:57 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#Gallaher73;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0290M (Numerical integration and differentiation);
                 C4160 (Numerical integration and differentiation);
                 C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Georgia Inst. Technol., Atlanta, GA, USA",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "adaptive quadrature; ALGOL; integral; integration;
                 Monte Carlo methods; Monte Carlo Quadrature;
                 multidimensional; sampling; sequential stratification;
                 stratified; subroutines",
  oldlabel =     "Gallaher73",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Gallaher73",
}

@Article{Gautschi:1973:AAE,
  author =       "Walter Gautschi",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 471}: Exponential Integrals [{S13}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "761--763",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/362552.362557",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:43:23 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#Gautschi73;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gautschi-walter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  classcodes =   "B0290M (Numerical integration and differentiation);
                 C4160 (Numerical integration and differentiation);
                 C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN, USA",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; computation; continued fractions; exponential
                 integrals; integration; recurrence relations;
                 recursive; subroutine; subroutines",
  oldlabel =     "Gautschi73",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Algol-language routine for $ E_n(x) =
                 \int_1^\infty e^{-x t} t^n \, d t, x > 0 $.",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Gautschi73",
}

@Article{Griffiths:1973:DOS,
  author =       "J. G. Griffiths",
  title =        "Drawing opaque solids using an incremental plotter",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "35--38",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/16.1.35",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:51 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/1/35.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_01/160035.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_01/tiff/35.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_01/tiff/36.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_01/tiff/37.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_01/tiff/38.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5540 (Terminals and graphic displays); C6130 (Data
                 handling techniques)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Salford, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL program; computer graphics; data handling;
                 incremental plotter; opaque solids; plotters; polygons;
                 polyhedron",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Hansen:1973:RAH,
  author =       "Wilfred J. Hansen",
  title =        "A revised {ALGOL 68} hardware representation for
                 {ISO}-code and {EBCDIC}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois
                 at Urbana-Champaign",
  address =      "Urbana, IL, USA",
  pages =        "vi + 30",
  year =         "1973",
  LCCN =         "QA76 .I4 no. 607 QA76.73.A24",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "UIUCDCS-R-73-607",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); Software
                 compatibility",
}

@Article{Haynes:1973:SPS,
  author =       "Leonard S. Haynes",
  title =        "Structure of a {Polish String} language for an {Algol
                 60} language processor",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "131--140",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:35 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@TechReport{Herriot:1973:APC,
  author =       "J. G. Herriot and C. H. Reinsch",
  title =        "{ALGOL 60} Procedures for the Calculation of
                 Interpolating Natural Quintic Spline Functions",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-73-402 (PB229616/AS)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "40",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 21 14:21:14 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/reinsch-christian-h.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Christian H. Reinsch (?? ?? 1932--8 October 2022)",
}

@Article{Hill:1973:AAN,
  author =       "G. W. Hill and A. W. Davis",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 442}: Normal Deviate [{S14}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "51--52",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:49:54 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Distributed/QLD/1973.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#HillD73;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  classcodes =   "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "CSIRO, Glen Osmond, Australia",
  country =      "USA",
  descriptors =  "RVG",
  enum =         "7393",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; normal deviate; normal distribution inverse;
                 probit; statistics; subroutines; Taylor series
                 approximation; transform",
  oldlabel =     "HillD73",
  references =   "0",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Short Algol-language procedure with
                 accuracy to 24 digits.",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/HillD73",
}

@Article{Hill:1973:AAS,
  author =       "G. W. Hill",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 465}: {Student}'s $t$ Frequency
                 [{S14}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "690--690",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:49:52 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#Hill73a;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  classcodes =   "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "CSIRO, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; approximation; density function; series;
                 statistics; student's t statistic; subroutine;
                 subroutines",
  oldlabel =     "Hill73a",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Algol-language routine for $ f(t | n) =
                 \frac {\Gamma (n / 2 + 1 / 2)}{(\pi n)^{1 / 2} \Gamma
                 (n / 2)} (1 + t^2 / n)^{n / 2 + 1 / 2} $.",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Hill73a",
}

@Article{Hopcroft:1973:AAE,
  author =       "John E. Hopcroft and Robert Endre Tarjan",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 447}: Efficient Algorithms for Graph
                 Manipulation [{H}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "372--378",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:50:48 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Parallel/Multi.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#HopcroftT73;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, USA",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; algorithms; graph manipulation; graph theory;
                 mathematics; partitioning; subroutines",
  oldlabel =     "HopcroftT73",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/HopcroftT73",
}

@Article{Hunter:1973:AAA,
  author =       "D. B. Hunter and Julia M. Williams",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 455}: Analysis of Skew Representations
                 of the Symmetric Group",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "571--572",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:51:28 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#HunterW73;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Bradford, UK",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; analysis; binary model; group theory; lattice;
                 outer product; permutation; skew representations;
                 subroutines; symmetric group",
  oldlabel =     "HunterW73",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/HunterW73",
}

@Article{Jabs:1973:AFA,
  author =       "Arthur Jabs",
  title =        "Approximation formula and {Algol} program of the
                 {Lorentz}-invariant momentum-space integral for
                 particles of equal masses",
  journal =      j-COMP-PHYS-COMM,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "217--224",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CPHCBZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(73)90101-X",
  ISSN =         "0010-4655 (print), 1879-2944 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4655",
  bibdate =      "Sun Feb 12 14:24:29 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compphyscomm1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001046557390101X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Physics Communications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00104655",
}

@Article{Krutar:1973:RGV,
  author =       "R. A. Krutar",
  title =        "Restricted global variables in {Algol 60}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "15--17",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 25 06:58:25 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@Article{Lam:1973:AAA,
  author =       "C. Lam and J. McKay",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 469}: Arithmetic Overa Finite Field
                 [{A1}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "699--699",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:57:10 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#LamM73;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0290H (Linear algebra); C4140 (Linear algebra); C5230
                 (Digital arithmetic methods); C7310 (Mathematics
                 computing)",
  corpsource =   "Caltech Univ., Pasadena, CA, USA",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "algebra; ALGOL; arithmetic; digital arithmetic; finite
                 field; linear algebra; rational operations;
                 subroutines",
  oldlabel =     "LamM73",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/LamM73",
}

@Article{Lau:1973:RAB,
  author =       "John Lau",
  title =        "Remark on ``{Algorithm 445: Binary Pattern
                 Reconstruction from Projections [Z]}''",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "186--186",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:57:45 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#Lau73;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Chang:1973:AAB}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B6140C (Optical information, image and video signal
                 processing); C1250 (Pattern recognition); C7800 (Other
                 computer applications)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; binary pattern reconstruction; compression;
                 data; picture processing; projections; subroutines",
  oldlabel =     "Lau73",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Lau73",
}

@Article{Liggins:1973:AAC,
  author =       "D. Liggins",
  title =        "Algorithm 79: {An} algorithm for the capacitated
                 transportation problem",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "276--278",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/16.3.276",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_03/tiff/276.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_03/tiff/277.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_03/tiff/278.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0260 (Optimisation techniques); C1180 (Optimisation
                 techniques)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Birmingham, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL subroutine; algorithm; bounded; capacitated
                 transportation problem; linear programming; primal dual
                 method; subroutines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Malcolm:1973:MIA,
  author =       "Michael A. Malcolm",
  title =        "A Machine Independent {ALGOL} Procedure for Accurate
                 Floating-Point Summation",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-73-374 (AD-764 275)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "iii + 6",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 21 14:21:14 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/AD0764275.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "accurate floating-point summation",
  pdfpages =     "9",
  remark =       "This is an extract from the author's thesis.",
}

@Article{Mickunas:1973:PGS,
  author =       "M. Dennis Mickunas and Victor B. Schneider",
  title =        "A Parser-Generating System for Constructing Compressed
                 Compilers",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "669--676",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:04:20 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#MikunasS73;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a parser-generating system (PGS)
                 currently in use on the CDC-6500 computer at Purdue
                 University. The PGS is a FORTRAN-coded program that
                 accepts a translation grammar as input and constructs
                 from it a compact, machine-coded compiler. In the input
                 translation grammar, each BNF syntactic rule
                 corresponds to a (possibly empty) ``code generator''
                 realizable as an assembly language, FORTRAN or Algol,
                 subroutine that is called whenever that syntactic rule
                 is applied in the parse of a program. Typical one-pass
                 compilers constructed by the PGS translate source
                 programs at speeds approaching 14,000 cards per minute.
                 For an XPL compiler, the parser program and its tables
                 currently occupy 288 words of 60-bit core memory of
                 which 140 words are parsing table entries and 82 words
                 are links to code generators.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4210 (Formal logic); C4220 (Automata theory); C6150C
                 (Compilers, interpreters and other processors)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN, USA",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "BNF; compression algorithm; computer operating systems
                 --- Program Compilers; computer programming languages;
                 data compression; grammars; interpreters; parser
                 generators; program; program compilers; pushdown
                 automata; syntactic analysis; translation grammars;
                 translator writing systems",
  oldlabel =     "MikunasS73",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/MikunasS73",
}

@Article{Padgett:1973:TDD,
  author =       "M. I. Padgett",
  title =        "Tree Driven Data Input and its Validation",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "315--321",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/16.4.315",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:52 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/4/315.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/160315.sgm.abs.html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/tiff/315.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/tiff/316.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/tiff/317.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/tiff/318.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/tiff/319.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/tiff/320.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/tiff/321.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6130 (Data handling techniques); C7100 (Business and
                 administration)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Nottingham, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ADMIN; ALGOL; computer programming; data acquisition;
                 data handling; data input; format; generalised
                 technique; management information; systems; tree
                 driven; validation",
}

@Article{Peto:1973:SAA,
  author =       "Richard Peto",
  title =        "Statistical Algorithms: {Algorithm AS 56}:
                 Permutational Significance Testing",
  journal =      j-APPL-STAT,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "112--118",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "APSTAG",
  ISSN =         "0035-9254 (print), 1467-9876 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9254",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 21 10:20:44 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/as1970.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  URL =          "http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/apstat/56",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Oxford Univ., UK",
  fjournal =     "Applied Statistics",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-9876/issues",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; algorithm; beta; censored; distribution; finite
                 population tests; logrank; permutational significance
                 testing; statistics; subroutines; survival data",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Reinsch:1973:AAE,
  author =       "Christian H. Reinsch",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 464}: Eigenvalues of a Real, Symmetric,
                 Tridiagonal Matrix [{F2}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "689--689",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:15:26 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#Reinsch73;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/moler-cleve-b.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/reinsch-christian-h.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Christian H. Reinsch (?? ?? 1934--8 October 2022)",
  classcodes =   "B0290H (Linear algebra); C4140 (Linear algebra); C7310
                 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Tech. Univ., M{\"u}nchen, West Germany",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; eigenvalues; eigenvalues and eigenfunctions;
                 matrix; matrix algebra; QR; real; subroutines;
                 symmetric; transformation; tridiagonal",
  oldlabel =     "Reinsch73",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Reinsch73",
}

@Book{Rossler:1973:LCC,
  author =       "Roland R{\"o}ssler",
  title =        "Language-comparison: a comparison of the properties of
                 the programming languages {ALGOL 68}, {CAMAC-IML},
                 {CORAL 66}, {PAS 1}, {Pearl}, {PL/I}, {PROCOL}, {RTL/2}
                 in relation to real-time programming",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "Erlangen, West Germany",
  pages =        "xix + 470",
  year =         "1973",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 13:51:36 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Programming languages; Computer programs; Computer
                 program documentation; Algorithms; Specifications;
                 Comparison; Workshops; Computer Programming and
                 Software",
}

@Article{Sethi:1973:NIP,
  author =       "Ravi Sethi",
  title =        "A note on implementing parallel assignment
                 instructions",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "91--95",
  day =          "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 17 10:49:43 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; C6110 (Systems analysis and programming)",
  corpsource =   "Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA, USA",
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190/",
  journalabr =   "Inf Process Lett",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; Algol 68; compilers; computer programming; CPL;
                 language constructs; parallel assignment instructions;
                 polynomial complete; program optimization; programming;
                 programming languages; register allocation",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Spath:1973:ACO,
  author =       "H. Sp{\"a}th",
  title =        "{Algorithmen}: {Clustering} of One-Dimensional Ordered
                 Data",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "175--177",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:51 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "ORG/DV Operations Res., N{\"u}rnberg, West Germany",
  classification = "C7310",
  description =  "data reduction and analysis; statistics; subroutines",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; algorithm; clustering; one dimensional ordered
                 data",
}

@Article{Syslo:1973:AAE,
  author =       "Maciej M. Syslo",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 459}: The Elementary Circuits of a
                 Graph [{H}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "632--633",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:25:13 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#Syslo73;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  note =         "See remark \cite{Syslo:1975:RAE}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Wroclaw, Poland",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; elementary circuits; graph; graph theory; path
                 search algorithm; subroutines",
  oldlabel =     "Syslo73",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Syslo73",
}

@Article{Tinhofer:1973:KAA,
  author =       "G. Tinhofer",
  title =        "{Der Out-Of-Kilter-Algorithmus f{\"u}r
                 antisymmetrische Netzwerke}. ({German}) [{The}
                 out-of-kilter-algorithm for antisymmetric networks]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "45--50",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:51 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ. Innsbruck, Austria",
  classification = "B0260; C1180; C7310",
  description =  "combinatorial mathematics; optimisation",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; antisymmetrical networks; combinatorial; out of
                 kilter algorithm",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{vandeRiet:1973:ASP,
  author =       "R. P. van de Riet",
  title =        "The automatic solution of partial differential
                 equations by means of {Taylor} series using
                 formula-manipulation methods",
  journal =      j-SIGSAM,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "28",
  pages =        "33--36",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "SIGSBZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1086814.1086821",
  ISSN =         "0163-5824 (print), 1557-9492 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5824",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 17 19:15:20 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsam.bib",
  abstract =     "Some five years ago the author published a study on
                 formula manipulation in ALGOL 60 [1,2] containing,
                 among others, a 160 paged chapter on the problem of
                 obtaining automatically solutions of partial
                 differential equations. The publication was in the form
                 of two Mathematical Centre Tracts, which does not seem
                 to have become widely distributed. This turned out
                 somewhat embarrassingly a few months ago when the
                 author invited a reputed formula manipulator for giving
                 a lecture on the subject of this note. The speaker was
                 not aware that a substantial part of his lecture,
                 covering recent results, was contained in the authors
                 tract [2].",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "SIGSAM Bull.",
  fjournal =     "SIGSAM Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation)",
  issue =        "28",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J1000",
}

@TechReport{VanLehn:1973:SUM,
  author =       "Kurt A. VanLehn",
  title =        "{SAIL} user manual",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-73-373 (AIM-204, AD765353/BWC)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "124",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-73-373.html",
  abstract =     "SAIL is a high-level programming language for the
                 PDP-10 computer. It includes an extended ALGOL 60
                 compiler and a companion set of execution-time
                 routines. In addition to ALGOL, the language features:
                 (1) flexible linking to hand-coded machine language
                 algorithms, (2) complete access to the PDP-10 I/O
                 facilities, (3) a complete system of compile-time
                 arithmetic and logic as well as a flexible macro
                 system, (4) user modifiable error handling, (5)
                 backtracking, and (6) interrupt facilities.
                 Furthermore, a subset of the SAIL language, called
                 LEAP, provides facilities for (1) sets and lists, (2)
                 an associative data structure, (3) independent
                 processes, and (4) procedure variables. The LEAP subset
                 of SAIL is an extension of the LEAP language, which was
                 designed by J. Feldman and P. Rovner, and implemented
                 on Lincoln Laboratory's TX-2 (see [Feldman \& Rovner,
                 `An Algol-Based Associative Language,' Communications
                 of the ACM, v.12, no. 8 (Aug. 1969), pp.439-449]). The
                 extensions to LEAP are partially described in `Recent
                 Developments is SAIL' (see [Feldman et al., Proceedings
                 of the AFIPS Fall Joint Computer Conference, 1972, pp.
                 1193-1202]). This manual describes the SAIL language
                 and the execution-time routines for the typical SAIL
                 user: a non-novice programmer with some knowledge of
                 ALGOL. It lies somewhere between being a tutorial and a
                 reference manual.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "124",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-73-373",
}

@Article{Vos:1973:RAC,
  author =       "H. Vos",
  title =        "Remark on ``{Algorithm 300}: {Coulomb} Wave
                 Functions''",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "308--309",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:27:34 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#Vos73;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Gunn:1967:ACW}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  classcodes =   "B0290D (Functional analysis); C4120 (Functional
                 analysis); C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Vrije Univ., Amsterdam, Netherlands",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "Coulomb wave functions; function evaluation;
                 mathematics; wave functions",
  oldlabel =     "Vos73",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Algol-language accuracy monitor for
                 Algorithm 300, which is generally accurate only to 3
                 digits.",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Vos73",
}

@Article{Watkins:1973:RAG,
  author =       "Richard P. Watkins",
  title =        "Remark on ``{Algorithm 412}: Graph Plotter''",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "489--490",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:28:26 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm16.html#Watkins73;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Cermak:1971:AAG}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5540 (Terminals and graphic displays); C6130 (Data
                 handling techniques)",
  corpsource =   "Royal Melbourne Inst. Technol., Vic., Australia",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "algorithm; computer graphics; graph plotter;
                 plotters",
  oldlabel =     "Watkins73",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Watkins73",
}

@TechReport{Wegner:1973:BPG,
  author =       "E. Wegner",
  title =        "{Beamstrukturierte Programme}. ({German}) [{Beam
                 structured programs}]",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "PC2, D83",
  institution =  "Informatik Technische Universt{\"a}t Berlin",
  address =      "Berlin, West Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1973",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 13:11:41 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algol 68",
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Referenced in \cite[pages 1,
                 18]{vanderMeulen:1977:AMB}.",
}

@TechReport{Wirth:1973:PLP,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth",
  title =        "The Programming Language {PASCAL}, (Revised Report)",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "5",
  institution =  inst-ETH,
  address =      inst-ETH:adr,
  pages =        "iv + 49",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1973",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-000814158",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 11 07:36:31 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://pascal.hansotten.com/uploads/wirth/The_Programming_Language_Pascal_1973.pdf;
                 https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/68910",
  abstract =     "A programming language called Pascal 1s described
                 which was developed on the basis of Algol 60. Compared
                 to Algol 60, its range of applicability is considerably
                 increased due to a variety of data structuring
                 facilities. In view of its intended usage both as a
                 convenient basis to teach programming and as an
                 efficient tool to write large programs, emphasis was
                 placed on keeping the number of fundamental concepts
                 reasonably small, on a simple and systematic language
                 structure, and on efficient implementability. A
                 one-pass compiler has been constructed for the CDC 6000
                 computer family. This Report may serve as a
                 programmers' manual for PASCAL 6000.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
}

@Article{Balfour:1974:AAM,
  author =       "A. Balfour",
  title =        "An alternative approach to mutual recursion in {Algol
                 60} using restricted compilers",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "210--210",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:22:55 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm17.html#Balfour74;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  corpsource =   "Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, UK",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; Algol 60; compiler; mutual recursion; program
                 compilers; restricted compilers; restrictions",
  oldlabel =     "Balfour74",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Balfour74",
}

@Article{Barron:1974:BRBa,
  author =       "D. W. Barron",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Informal introduction to
                 ALGOL 68}}, C. H. Lindsey and S. G. van der Meulen.
                 North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1971. No. of pages: 382.
                 Price: \pounds 7.00. Also available in paperback}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "304--304",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380040320",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 10 12:36:39 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Batson:1974:MVM,
  author =       "A. P. Batson and R. E. Brundage",
  title =        "Measurements of the virtual memory demands of
                 {Algol-60} programs (Extended Abstract)",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "121--126",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1007773.809378",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 26 10:50:41 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib",
  abstract =     "Programming languages such as Algol-60 use block
                 structure to express the way in which the name space of
                 the current environment, in the contour model (1) sense
                 of that word, changes during program execution. This
                 dynamically-varying name space corresponds to the
                 virtual memory required by the process during its
                 execution on a computer system. The research to be
                 presented is an empirical study of the nature of the
                 memory demands made by a collection of Algol-60
                 programs during execution. The essential
                 characteristics of any such resource request are the
                 amount of memory requested, and the holding time for
                 which the resource is retained and these distributions
                 will be presented for several components of the virtual
                 memory required by the Algol programs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Perform. Eval. Rev.",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigmetrics",
}

@Article{Broderick:1974:BRB,
  author =       "W. R. Broderick",
  title =        "Book reviews: {{\booktitle{Spline Analysis}}, by
                 Martin H. Schultz, 1972}; {{\booktitle{Introduction to
                 Programming}}, by A. Sharp}; {{\booktitle{Algol
                 Programming}}, by R. W. Sharp}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "92--92",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/17.1.92",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 05 15:11:07 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/92.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Broderick:1974:BRS,
  author =       "W. R. Broderick",
  title =        "Book reviews: {{\em Spline Analysis}, by Martin H.
                 Schultz, 1972}; {{\em Introduction to Programming}, by
                 A. Sharp}; {{\em Algol Programming}, by R. W. Sharp}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "92--92",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 05 15:11:07 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_16/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/92.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bron:1974:RAM,
  author =       "C. Bron",
  title =        "Remark on ``{Algorithm 426}: Merge Sort Algorithm''",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "706--??",
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:28:11 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm17.html#Bron74;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Bron:1972:AAM}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  oldlabel =     "Bron74",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Bron74",
}

@Article{Brown:1974:WSA,
  author =       "P. J. Brown",
  title =        "Writing Software in {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "139--144",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380040206",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@TechReport{Buchanan:1974:ACP,
  author =       "Jack R. Buchanan and David C. Luckham",
  title =        "On automating the construction of programs",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-74-433 (AIM-236, AD784513)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "65",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-74-433.html",
  abstract =     "An experimental system for automatically generating
                 certain simple kinds of programs is described. The
                 programs constructed are expressed in a subset of ALGOL
                 containing assignments, function calls, conditional
                 statements, while loops, and non-recursive procedure
                 calls. The input is an environment of primitive
                 programs and programming methods specified in a
                 language currently used to define the semantics of the
                 output programming language. The system has been used
                 to generate programs for symbolic manipulation, robot
                 control, every day planning, and computing arithmetical
                 functions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "72",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-74-433",
}

@TechReport{Buchanan:1974:SAP,
  author =       "Jack R. Buchanan",
  title =        "A Study in Automatic Programming",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-74-458 (AIM-245, AD784816)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "vii + 148",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 21 14:21:14 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  abstract =     "A description of methods and an implementation of a
                 system for automatic generation of programs is given.
                 The problems of writing programs for numerical
                 computation, symbol manipulation, robot control and
                 everyday planning have been studied and some programs
                 generated. A particular formalism, i.e. a FRAME, has
                 been developed to define the programming environment
                 and permit the statement of a problem. A frame, F, is
                 formulated within the Logic of Programs [Hoare 1969,
                 Hoare and Wirth 1972] and includes primitive functions
                 and procedures, axioms, definitions and rules of
                 program composition. Given a frame, F, a problem for
                 program construction may be stated as a pair $ < I, G >
                 $ where $I$ is an input assertion and $G$ is an output
                 assertion. The program generation task is to construct
                 a program $A$ such that $ I \{ A \} I'$, where $ I`
                 \supset G$. This process may be viewed as a search in
                 the Logic of Programs for a proof that the generated
                 program satisfies the given input-output assertions.
                 Correctness of programs generated using the formal
                 algorithm is discussed.\par

                 A frame is translated into a backtrack problem solver
                 augmented by special search procedures. The system is
                 interactive, responds to simple advice and allows
                 incremental and structured program development.\par

                 The output solution program is a subset of ALGOL
                 containing procedure calls, assignments, while loops
                 and conditional statements.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "157",
  remark =       "This is the author's thesis.",
}

@Article{Cohen:1974:NTD,
  author =       "J. Cohen and L. Trilling and P. Wegner",
  title =        "A nucleus of a theorem-prover described in
                 {ALGOL-68}",
  journal =      j-INT-J-COMPUT-INF-SCI,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--31",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "IJCIAH",
  ISSN =         "0091-7036",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 26 12:20:22 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjcomputinfsci.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C1230 (Artificial intelligence); C4210 (Formal
                 logic); C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Brandeis Univ., Waltham, MA, USA",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68 programs; Beth's method of semantic tableaux;
                 computer aided analysis; nucleus; predicate calculus;
                 subroutines; symbolic manipulation algorithms; theorem
                 proving; tree method",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Cohen:1974:TLE,
  author =       "Jacques Cohen and Carl Zuckerman",
  title =        "Two Languages for Estimating Program Efficiency",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "301--308",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:32:11 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Distributed/QLD/1974.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/monitor.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm17.html#CohenZ74;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  abstract =     "Two languages enabling their users to estimate the
                 efficiency of computer programs are presented. The
                 program whose efficiency one wishes to estimate is
                 written in the first language, a go-to-less programming
                 language which includes most of the features of Algol
                 60. The second language consists of interactive
                 commands enabling its users to provide additional
                 information about the program written in the first
                 language and to output results estimating its
                 efficiency. Processors for the two languages are also
                 described. The first processor is a syntax-directed
                 translator which compiles a program into a symbolic
                 formula representing the execution time for that
                 program. The second processor is a set of procedures
                 for algebraic manipulation which can be called by the
                 user to operate on the formula produced by the first
                 processor. Examples of the usage of the two languages
                 are included. The limitations of the present system,
                 its relation to Knuth's work on the analysis of
                 algorithms, and some of the directions for further
                 research are also discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors); C6150G (Diagnostic,
                 testing, debugging and evaluating systems)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Brandeis Univ., Waltham, MA, USA",
  country =      "USA",
  descriptors =  "Programming language; runtime/storage efficiency;
                 analysis; algorithm",
  enum =         "614",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "analysis of algorithms; computer programming
                 languages; efficiency; estimating program efficiency;
                 go to less; interactive commands; languages; procedure
                 oriented languages; processors; program; program
                 diagnostics; program efficiency; programming language;
                 programming languages; symbolic manipulation; syntax
                 directed translation; syntax-directed translation",
  oldlabel =     "CohenZ74",
  references =   "16",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/CohenZ74",
}

@TechReport{Finkel:1974:APS,
  author =       "Raphael A. Finkel and Russell H. Taylor and Robert C.
                 Bolles and Richard P. Paul and Jerome A. Feldman",
  title =        "{AL}, a programming system for automation",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-74-456 (AIM-243, AD-A003815)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-74-456.html",
  abstract =     "AL is a high-level programming system for
                 specification of manipulatory tasks such as assembly of
                 an object from parts. AL includes an ALGOL-like source
                 language, a translator for converting programs into
                 runnable code, and a runtime system for controlling
                 manipulators and other devices. The system includes
                 advanced features for describing individual motions of
                 manipulators, for using sensory information, and for
                 describing assembly algorithms in terms of common
                 domain-specific primitives. This document describes the
                 design of AL, which is currently being implemented as a
                 successor to the Stanford WAVE system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "139",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-74-456",
}

@Article{Freeman:1974:BFA,
  author =       "P. Freeman",
  title =        "{B 74-34} {Fortran} and {Algol}: a Programmed Course
                 for Students of Science and Technology",
  journal =      j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "C-23",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "559--560",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "ITCOB4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/T-C.1974.223990",
  ISSN =         "0018-9340 (print), 1557-9956 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0018-9340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 12 11:27:33 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeetranscomput1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672583;
                 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1672583",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Trans. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=12",
}

@Article{Germano:1974:LAC,
  author =       "G. Germano and A. Maggiolo-Schettini",
  title =        "Loops in {Algol 60} and in category theory",
  journal =      j-SIGACT,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "21--23",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "SIGNDM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1008318.1008320",
  ISSN =         "0163-5700 (print), 1943-5827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5700",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 21 06:52:58 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigact.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGACT News",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigact",
}

@Book{Gottler:1974:AEE,
  author =       "Herbert G{\"o}ttler",
  title =        "{Algol 68: eine exemplarische Einf{\"u}hrung}.
                 ({German}) [{Algol 68}: a walkthrough introduction]",
  publisher =    "Institut f{\"u}r Mathematische Maschinen und
                 Datenverarbeitung",
  address =      "Erlangen, West Germany",
  pages =        "111",
  year =         "1974",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 G63",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Arbeitsberichte des Instituts f{\"u}r Mathematische
                 Maschinen und Datenverarbeitung; Bd. 7, Nr. 5",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{Greibach:1974:SRW,
  author =       "S. A. Greibach",
  title =        "Some restrictions on {W}-grammars",
  journal =      j-INT-J-COMPUT-INF-SCI,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "289--327",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "IJCIAH",
  ISSN =         "0091-7036",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 26 12:20:22 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/intjcomputinfsci.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4210 (Formal logic)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. California, Los Angeles, CA, USA",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; context free grammars; context free
                 languages; context-free grammars; index languages;
                 normal regular based W grammars; programming languages;
                 quasirealtime languages; simple W grammars; W
                 grammars",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@TechReport{Hansen:1974:THL,
  author =       "Wilfred J. Hansen",
  title =        "Transportation of higher-level language programs:
                 exemplified by an {ALGOL 68} transportation
                 representation",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois
                 at Urbana-Champaign",
  address =      "Urbana, IL, USA",
  pages =        "iv + 39",
  year =         "1974",
  LCCN =         "QA76 .I4 no. 622 QA76.73.A24",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "UIUCDCS-R-74-622",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); Software
                 compatibility",
}

@TechReport{Herriot:1974:APC,
  author =       "John G. Herriot and Christian H. Reinsch",
  title =        "{Algol 60} Procedures for the Calculation of
                 Interpolating Natural Quintic Spline Functions",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-74-402 (PB229616/AS)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "iv + 40",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 21 14:21:14 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/reinsch-christian-h.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  abstract =     "Three Algol 60 procedures are described for finding
                 interpolating natural quintic spline functions. The
                 first procedure treats the case of an arbitrary set of
                 knots and the second procedure handles the case of
                 equidistant knots. The third procedure finds the
                 quintic natural spline of deficiency 2 when the values
                 of both the function and its first derivative are given
                 at the knots. These procedures are much faster than
                 more general procedures, which find interpolating
                 natural splines of degree $ 2 m - 1 $, when used with $
                 m = 3 $",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Christian H. Reinsch (?? ?? 1934--8 October 2022)",
  pdfpages =     "44",
  xxtitle =      "{Algol-60} Procedures for the Calculation of
                 Interpolating Natural Quintic Spline Functions",
}

@Article{Hopcroft:1974:EPT,
  author =       "John Hopcroft and Robert Tarjan",
  title =        "Efficient Planarity Testing",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "549--568",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411 (print), 1557-735X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 15 18:12:53 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jacm.bib",
  note =         "See comments and errata in \cite{Deo:1976:NHT}.",
  abstract =     "This paper describes an efficient algorithm to
                 determine whether an arbitrary graph $G$ can be
                 embedded in the plane. The algorithm may be viewed as
                 an iterative version of a method originally proposed by
                 L. Auslander and S. V. Parter and correctly formulated
                 by A. J. Goldstein. The algorithm uses depth-first
                 search and has $ O(V)$ time and space bounds, where $V$
                 is the number of vertices in $G$. An ALGOL
                 implementation of the algorithm successfully tested
                 graphs with as many as 900 vertices in less than 12
                 seconds.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Assoc. Comput. Mach.",
  classification = "723; 921",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/jacm",
  journalabr =   "J Assoc Comput Mach",
  keywords =     "computer programming --- Subroutines; mathematical
                 techniques",
}

@Article{Hopgood:1974:BRB,
  author =       "F. R. A. Hopgood",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{ALGOL 60 compilation and
                 assessment}}, B. A. Wichmann, Academic Press, London,
                 1973. No. of pages: 320. Price: \pounds 6.50}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "405--406",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380040412",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 10 12:36:39 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Koppelaar:1974:CRA,
  author =       "Henk Koppelaar",
  title =        "Certification and Remark on ``{Algorithm 191}:
                 Hypergeometric''",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "589--590",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:55:45 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm17.html#Kopelaar74;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Relph:1963:AH}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  classcodes =   "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Utrecht State Univ., Netherlands",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "algorithm; hypergeometric; improvements; inefficiency;
                 natural sciences applications of computers;
                 subroutines",
  oldlabel =     "Kopelaar74",
  remark =       "Fullerton: Algol-language modifications for Algorithm
                 191, which does not appear to be accurate far from the
                 origin.",
  treatment =    "G General Review; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Kopelaar74",
}

@Book{Learner:1974:IAT,
  author =       "Arnold Learner and Anthony J. Powell",
  title =        "An Introduction to {Algol 68} through Problems",
  publisher =    pub-MACMILLAN,
  address =      pub-MACMILLAN:adr,
  pages =        "iv + 124",
  year =         "1974",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-02226-7",
  ISBN =         "0-333-16620-5 (paperback), 1-349-02226-8,
                 1-349-02227-6, 1-349-02228-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-333-16620-8 (paperback), 978-1-349-02226-7,
                 978-1-349-02227-4, 978-1-349-02228-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 07:56:35 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); Problems,
                 exercises, etc; Computer science; Programming languages
                 (Electronic computers); Electronic Data Processing;
                 ALGOL (Langage de programmation); Probl{\`e}mes et
                 exercices; Informatique; ALGOL (Computer program
                 language); Computer science; Programming languages
                 (Electronic computers); Compilers; Interpreters",
  tableofcontents = "Front Matter / i--iv \\
                 Computers and their Languages / 1--4 \\
                 Summing a Series: Iteration / 5--22 \\
                 Traversing a Maze: Multiple Values / 23--35 \\
                 Calendars: Procedures / 36--54 \\
                 Growing a Tree: References / 55--70 \\
                 Sorting a File: Transput / 71--87 \\
                 Problems Re-visited: Advanced Features / 88--99 \\
                 Back Matter / 100--124",
}

@Article{Lyche:1974:AAP,
  author =       "Tom Lyche and Larry L. Schumaker",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 480}: Procedures for computing
                 Smoothing and Interpolating Natural Splines [{E1}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "463--467",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:00:23 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm17.html#LycheS74;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0290F (Interpolation and function approximation);
                 C4130 (Interpolation and function approximation); C7310
                 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Texas, Austin, TX, USA",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "Algol; approximation; coefficients; interpolating;
                 interpolation; natural sciences applications of
                 computers; natural splines; smoothing; spline
                 smoothing; splines (mathematics); subroutines",
  oldlabel =     "LycheS74",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/LycheS74",
}

@Article{McKay:1974:AAT,
  author =       "John McKay and E. Regener",
  title =        "{ACM Algorithm 482}: Transitivity Sets [{G7}]",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "470--470",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:03:07 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Parallel/Multi.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm17.html#McKayR74;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0250 (Combinatorial mathematics); C1160
                 (Combinatorial mathematics); C7310 (Mathematics
                 computing)",
  corpsource =   "McGill Univ., Montreal, Que., Canada",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "Algol; algorithm; graph; natural sciences applications
                 of computers; orbits; semigroup; set theory; sets;
                 spanning tree; subroutines; transitivity; transitivity
                 sets",
  oldlabel =     "McKayR74",
  page =         "470",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/McKayR74",
}

@Book{Mosses:1974:MSA,
  author =       "Peter Mosses",
  title =        "The mathematical semantics of {ALGOL 60}",
  volume =       "12",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "ii + 30",
  year =         "1974",
  ISBN =         "0-902928-08-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-902928-08-4",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:05 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Technical Monograph // Programming Research Group.
                 Oxford University",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Palme:1974:STE,
  author =       "Jacob Palme",
  title =        "{SIMULA} as a tool for extensible program products",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "24--40",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/987424.987427",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:06:27 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Res. Inst. Nat. Defense, Stockholm, Sweden",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "advanced programming language; Algol 60; coroutines;
                 direct access i/o; discrete event simulation;
                 efficient; extensible program products; flexible;
                 formatted i/o; list structures; procedure oriented
                 languages; programming language; quasi parallel
                 processes; secure; SIMULA; software products; text
                 processing; transportable",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Pasedach:1974:VSA,
  author =       "K. Pasedach",
  title =        "{Ein Verfahren zur schnellen Approximation von Summen
                 mit vielen Summanden}. ({German}) [{Method} for the
                 Fast Approximation of Sums with Many Terms]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "323--331",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:52 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-ec # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Phillips Forschungslab., Hamburg, West Germany",
  classification = "921; B0290F; C4130; C7310",
  description =  "computer aided analysis; function approximation",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  journalabr =   "Comput (Vienna/NY)",
  keywords =     "Algol-60-procedure; bounds for the error; controllable
                 accuracy; exact computation; fast approximation;
                 mathematical techniques; number of required terms; sums
                 with many terms",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Peck:1974:RAS,
  author =       "J. E. L. Peck and J. M. Watt and Michel Sintzoff",
  title =        "Revised {ALGOL 68} syntax chart",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "39--39",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:39 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@InProceedings{Peck:1974:TLG,
  author =       "J. E. L. Peck",
  title =        "Two-level grammars in action",
  crossref =     "Rosenfeld:1974:IPP",
  pages =        "317--321",
  year =         "1974",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 01 17:11:19 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
}

@TechReport{Rothmaier:1974:TCU,
  author =       "B. Rothmaier",
  title =        "{Der Triplex-Algol Compiler Der Univac 1108}",
  type =         "Interner Bericht Des Inst. F. Prakt. Math.",
  number =       "74/1",
  institution =  "Universit{\"a}t Karlsruhe",
  address =      "Karlsruhe, West Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@Book{Stiller:1974:ABU,
  author =       "Gerd Stiller",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68, Begriffe und Ausdrucksmittel}. ({German})
                 [{ALGOL 68}, terms and means of expression]",
  publisher =    pub-BSB-TEUBNER,
  address =      pub-BSB-TEUBNER:adr,
  pages =        "164",
  year =         "1974",
  ISBN =         "3-486-34761-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-486-34761-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 S74",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Schriftenreihe Informationsverarbeitung",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Continued by his ALGOL 68, Datenorganisation.",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@TechReport{Swinehart:1974:CMP,
  author =       "Daniel Carl Swinehart",
  title =        "{COPILOT}: a Multiple Process Approach to Interactive
                 Programming Systems",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-74-412 (AIM-230, AD786721)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 21 14:21:14 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/AD0786721.pdf",
  abstract =     "An experimental interactive system, COPILOT, 1s used
                 as the concrete vehicle for testing and describing
                 methods for adding multiple processing facilities to an
                 interactive language environment.\par

                 COPILOT allows the user to create, modify, investigate,
                 and control programs written in an Algol-like language,
                 augmented for multiple processing. Although COPILOT is
                 compiler-based, many of our solutions could also be
                 applied to an interpretive system.\par

                 Central to the design is the use of CRT displays to
                 present programs, program data, and system status. This
                 continuous display of information in context allows the
                 user to retain comprehension of complex program
                 environments, and to indicate the environments to be
                 affected by his commands.\par

                 COPILOT uses the multiple processing facilities to its
                 advantage to achieve a ``no-preemptive'' kind of
                 interactive control. The user's terminal is
                 continuously available for commands of any kind:
                 program editing, variable inquiry, program control,
                 etc., independent of the execution state of the
                 processes he is controlling. No process may
                 unilaterally gain possession of the user's input; the
                 user retains control at all times.\par

                 The emphasis throughout is on improving the
                 characteristics of the interface between the user and
                 the system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  advisor =      "Jerry Feldman",
  pdfpages =     "215",
  remark =       "This is the author's thesis.",
}

@Article{Ulery:1974:SLO,
  author =       "Dana L. Ulery and H. M. Khalil",
  title =        "A survey of language-oriented systems for numerical
                 linear algebra",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--88",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/17.1.82",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:53 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/17/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/17/1/82.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/82.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/83.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/84.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/85.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/86.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/87.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/88.tif",
  abstract =     "The manipulation of matrices and the solution of
                 linear algebraic equations are the most frequently
                 encountered tasks in scientific computing. Because
                 linear functions are best understood, problems in
                 computer science, statistics, engineering, mathematics,
                 and optimisation tend to be formulated as sequences of
                 linear systems. For the `low-level' user who has to
                 solve problems in linear algebra (i. e., one who has no
                 need to learn FORTRAN, PL/I, or Algol), an approach
                 which is most practical is to provide a programming
                 system for linear algebra that will automatically give
                 a reliable solution to the problem at hand. This paper
                 gives a brief description of a number of such systems,
                 including an example program written for each. Refs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0290H (Linear algebra); C4140 (Linear algebra); C6110
                 (Systems analysis and programming); C6140D (High level
                 languages); C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  classification = "723; 921",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Delaware, Newark, DE, USA",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; equations; languages;
                 linear algebra; manipulation of matrices; mathematical
                 techniques; numerical linear algebra; numerical
                 methods; problem oriented; problem oriented languages;
                 programming; programming system; survey",
  treatment =    "A Application; G General Review; P Practical",
}

@Article{Ulery:1974:SLS,
  author =       "Dana L. Ulery and H. M. Khalil",
  title =        "A survey of language-oriented systems for numerical
                 linear algebra",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "82--88",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/82.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/83.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/84.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/85.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/86.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/87.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_01/tiff/88.tif",
  abstract =     "The manipulation of matrices and the solution of
                 linear algebraic equations are the most frequently
                 encountered tasks in scientific computing. Because
                 linear functions are best understood, problems in
                 computer science, statistics, engineering, mathematics,
                 and optimisation tend to be formulated as sequences of
                 linear systems. For the `low-level' user who has to
                 solve problems in linear algebra (i. e., one who has no
                 need to learn FORTRAN, PL/I, or Algol), an approach
                 which is most practical is to provide a programming
                 system for linear algebra that will automatically give
                 a reliable solution to the problem at hand. This paper
                 gives a brief description of a number of such systems,
                 including an example program written for each. Refs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0290H (Linear algebra); C4140 (Linear algebra); C6110
                 (Systems analysis and programming); C6140D (High level
                 languages); C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  classification = "723; 921",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Delaware, Newark, DE, USA",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; equations; languages;
                 linear algebra; manipulation of matrices; mathematical
                 techniques; numerical linear algebra; numerical
                 methods; problem oriented; problem oriented languages;
                 programming; programming system; survey",
  treatment =    "A Application; G General Review; P Practical",
}

@Article{Valentine:1974:CNA,
  author =       "S. H. Valentine",
  title =        "Comparative Notes on {Algol 68} and {PL/I}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "325--331",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/17.4.325",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:54 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/17/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/17/4/325.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_04/tiff/325.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_04/tiff/326.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_04/tiff/327.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_04/tiff/328.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_04/tiff/329.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_04/tiff/330.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_17/Issue_04/tiff/331.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "North Staffordshire Polytech., UK",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; comparative notes; computer
                 programming languages; facilities; lexical; PL/1; PL/I;
                 semantic; syntactic",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Book{vanderMeulen:1974:PAE,
  author =       "Sietse G. van der Meulen and Peter K{\"u}hling",
  title =        "{Programmieren in ALGOL 68: 1. Einf{\"u}hrung in die
                 Sprache}. ({German}) [{Programming} in {ALGOL 68}: 1.
                 {Introduction} to the language]",
  publisher =    "de Gruyter",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA and Berlin, West Germany",
  pages =        "232 (est.)",
  year =         "1974",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110826296.",
  ISBN =         "3-11-082629-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-11-082629-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 M48",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); Computer
                 programming",
  tableofcontents = "Frontmatter \\
                 Vorwort \\
                 Inhalt \\
                 0. Einf{\"u}hrung \\
                 Teil I. Die 'ALGOL 65-Stufe' \\
                 1. Grundbegriffe und Beispiele \\
                 2. Struktur der Sprache \\
                 Teil II. Bausteine der Orthogonalit{\"a}t \\
                 3. Mode und identifier \\
                 4. Die Anpassungsoperationen (coercions) \\
                 5. Operatoren und formulas \\
                 Literaturhinweise \\
                 Index",
}

@Book{Vowels:1974:AFI,
  author =       "Robin A. Vowels",
  title =        "{ALGOL 60} and {FORTRAN IV}",
  publisher =    "J. Wiley and Sons Australasia",
  address =      "Sydney, Australia; New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "x + 173",
  year =         "1974",
  ISBN =         "0-471-91192-5 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-91192-0 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 V68",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 28 10:42:07 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0471911925/wholesaleproductA/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Bibliography: p. 166-168.",
  keywords =     "Algol (computer program language); Fortran IV
                 (computer program language)",
}

@Book{Woodward:1974:ARU,
  author =       "Philip M. Woodward and Susan G. Bond",
  title =        "{Algol 68-R} Users Guide",
  publisher =    pub-HMSO,
  address =      pub-HMSO:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "viii + 99",
  year =         "1974",
  ISBN =         "0-11-771600-6 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-11-771600-1 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 W66 1974",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 07:53:13 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Reprinted in 1975 and 1979, as second and third
                 imprints.",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); ALGOL (Langage de
                 programmation); ALGOL (Computer program language);
                 ALGOL 68; Nichtnumerische Datenverarbeitung; Numerische
                 Mathematik; Programmierung; ALGOL (langage de
                 programmation)",
}

@Article{Woodward:1974:BRB,
  author =       "P. M. Woodward",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{ALGOL 68 implementation}},
                 Ed. J. E. L. Peck, proceedings of the IPIP working
                 conference on ALGOL 68 implementation, Munich, 20--24
                 July 1970, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1971. No. of
                 pages: 375. Price: \pounds 7.35}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "192--192",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380040214",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 10 12:36:39 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Woolley:1974:LSL,
  author =       "John D. Woolley and Leland R. Miller",
  title =        "{LINUS}: a structured language for instructional use",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "125--128",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/953057.810455",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 18 08:53:47 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1970.bib",
  note =         "Proceedings of the 4th SIGCSE symposium on Computer
                 science education.",
  abstract =     "One of the crucial decisions in organizing a first
                 course in computer science is the choice of a
                 programming language. Although there is considerable
                 variance of opinion as to what the ideal language
                 should be, two main approaches can be delineated. The
                 first approach stresses the necessity of learning the
                 dominant scientific language, which in the Americas
                 amounts to a vote for Fortran (2). The practicality of
                 this choice is as indisputable as the awkwardness of
                 the syntax of that language. The alternative view
                 stresses the importance of the program structure in
                 developing a sound sense of ``algorithmic thinking''.
                 Proponents of this view would suggest Algol W (4) or
                 perhaps Pascal (5). We contend that both approaches
                 have important advantages. This paper explores an
                 approach which attempts to maximize the benefits of
                 both.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@TechReport{Wright:1974:F,
  author =       "F. H. G. {Wright, II} and Ralph E. Gorin",
  title =        "{FAIL}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-74-407 (AIM-226, AD778310)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1974",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-74-407.html",
  abstract =     "This is a reference manual for FAIL, a fast, one-pass
                 assembler for PDP-10 and PDP-6 machine language. FAIL
                 statements, pseudo-operations, macros, and conditional
                 assembly features are described. Although FAIL uses
                 substantially more main memory than MACRO-10, it
                 assembles typical programs about five time faster. FAIL
                 assembles the entire Stanford time-sharing operating
                 system (two million characters) in less than four
                 minutes of CPU time on a KA-10 processor. FAIL permits
                 an ALGOL-type block structure which provides a way of
                 localizing the usage of some symbols to certain parts
                 of the program, such that the same symbol name can be
                 used to mean different things in different blocks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "70",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-74-407",
}

@Article{Abdali:1975:LMPa,
  author =       "S. K. Abdali",
  title =        "A lambda-calculus model of programming languages. {I}.
                 Simple constructs",
  journal =      j-COMP-LANGS,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "287--301",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "COLADA",
  ISSN =         "0096-0551 (print), 1873-6742 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0096-0551",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 14:04:06 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/complngs.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4210 (Formal logic)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Math. Sci., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy,
                 NY, USA",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00960551",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; block structure assignment; correctness;
                 formal languages; formal logic; formal semantics;
                 lambda calculus; programming languages; substitution
                 program",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Book{AFCETGA:1975:MDL,
  author =       "{Association fran{\c{c}}aise de cybern{\'e}tique
                 {\'e}conomique et technique.Groupe Algol}",
  title =        "Manuel du langage algorithmique, {Algol 68}",
  volume =       "1373",
  publisher =    pub-HERMANN,
  address =      pub-HERMANN:adr,
  pages =        "492",
  year =         "1975",
  ISBN =         "2-7056-1373-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-2-7056-1373-0",
  LCCN =         "Q111 .A3 no. 1373 QA76.73.A24",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Actualit{\'e}s scientifiques et industrielles",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@TechReport{Ammeraal:1975:DPLd,
  author =       "Leendert Ammeraal",
  title =        "On the design of programming languages including mini
                 {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "IW 35/75",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "6",
  year =         "1975",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 13:51:36 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "IW",
  URL =          "https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/9464",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); Programming
                 languages (Electronic computers); ALGOL (Langage de
                 programmation); ALGOL (Computer program language);
                 Programming languages (Electronic computers)",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1975:FCS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Foundations of computer science: [an advanced course
                 on the foundations of computer science organized by the
                 {Mathematical Centre}, held at the {University of
                 Amsterdam, May 20--31, 1974}]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1975:ICA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{International Conference on Algol 68 Oklahoma State
                 University}",
  journal =      j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY,
  volume =       "82",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "553--553",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "AMMYAE",
  ISSN =         "0002-9890 (print), 1930-0972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0002-9890",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 28 12:37:55 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/amermathmonthly1975.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "American Mathematical Monthly",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.jstor.org/journals/00029890.htm",
}

@Book{Bacchus:1975:MDL,
  author =       "P. Bacchus and J. Andr{\'e} and Cl. Pair",
  title =        "Manuel du langage algorithmique {Algol 68}. ({French})
                 [{Algol 68} Algorithmic Language Handbook]",
  publisher =    "Hermann",
  address =      "Paris, France",
  pages =        "492",
  year =         "1975",
  ISBN =         "2-7056-1373-0 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-2-7056-1373-0 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73 .A24 A86 1975",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 10:52:52 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Article{Baecker:1975:AR,
  author =       "H. D. Baecker",
  title =        "Areas and Record-Classes",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "223--226",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Compiler/garbage.collection.bib;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_03/tiff/223.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_03/tiff/224.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_03/tiff/225.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_03/tiff/226.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6130 (Data handling techniques)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computing Sci., Univ. of Calgary, Calgary,
                 Alta., Canada",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; algorithmic languages; classes; computer
                 programming languages; list processing; record;
                 syntax",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Baecker:1975:ARC,
  author =       "H. D. Baecker",
  title =        "Areas and Record-Classes",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "223--226",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/18.3.223",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:56 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Compiler/garbage.collection.bib;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/3.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/3/223.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_03/tiff/223.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_03/tiff/224.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_03/tiff/225.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_03/tiff/226.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6130 (Data handling techniques)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computing Sci., Univ. of Calgary, Calgary,
                 Alta., Canada",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; algorithmic languages; classes; computer
                 programming languages; list processing; record;
                 syntax",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Barron:1975:BRBa,
  author =       "D. W. Barron",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Algol 68-R Users Guide}}
                 (2nd edn), P. M. Woodward and S. G. Bond, H.M.S.O.,
                 1974. No. of pages: 99. Price: \pounds 0.90}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "217--217",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380050214",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 10 12:36:39 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@InProceedings{Bierbaum:1975:EIN,
  author =       "F. Bierbaum",
  editor =       "K. Nickel",
  booktitle =    "Interval Mathematics",
  title =        "{Einsatz Der Intervallarithmetik Bei Der Numerischen
                 Konvergenz Von Algol-60 Programmen}",
  volume =       "29",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "160--168",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Lecture Notes In Computer Science",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@Article{Brundage:1975:CPD,
  author =       "Robert E. Brundage and Alan P. Batson",
  title =        "Computational processor demands of {Algol-60}
                 programs",
  journal =      j-OPER-SYS-REV,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "161--168",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "OSRED8",
  ISSN =         "0163-5980 (print), 1943-586X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 26 08:55:57 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/opersysrev.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J597",
}

@Article{Bukac:1975:SAA,
  author =       "J. Buka{\v{c}}",
  title =        "Statistical Algorithms: {Algorithm AS 85}: Critical
                 Values of the Sign Test",
  journal =      j-APPL-STAT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "265--267",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "APSTAG",
  ISSN =         "0035-9254 (print), 1467-9876 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9254",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 21 10:21:22 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/as1970.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  URL =          "http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/apstat/85",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Charles Univ., Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Kralove,
                 Czechoslovakia",
  fjournal =     "Applied Statistics",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-9876/issues",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; approximation; binomial distribution;
                 computer aided analysis; confidence intervals of the
                 median; critical values; probability; sign test;
                 statistics; subroutines",
  treatment =    "A Application",
}

@Article{Burkard:1975:AVG,
  author =       "Rainer E. Burkard and Herbert Enge",
  title =        "{Algorithmus $ 25 $. Verfahren zur
                 Gemischt-Ganzzahligen, konvexen Optimierung}.
                 ({German}) [{Method} for Mixed Integer Convex
                 Programming]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "389--396",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:52 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Math. Inst., Univ. K{\"o}ln, K{\"o}ln, West Germany",
  classification = "723; 921; B0260; C1180",
  description =  "convex programming; integer programming",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  journalabr =   "Comput (Vienna/NY)",
  keywords =     "ALGOL procedure; Burkard method; computer programming;
                 convex objective function; mathematical programming;
                 mixed integer convex programming",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Busch:1975:EAM,
  author =       "W. Busch and R. Esser and W. Hackbusch and U.
                 Herrmann",
  title =        "Extrapolation applied to the method of characteristics
                 for a first order system of two partial differential
                 equations. {I}. The initial value problem",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "331--353",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 26 11:49:34 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nummath.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "B0290P (Differential equations); C4170 (Differential
                 equations)",
  corpsource =   "Math. Inst., Tech. Univ., M{\"u}nchen, West Germany",
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/211",
  keywords =     "ALGOL program; boundary value problems; boundary-value
                 problems; Cauchy's initial value problem;
                 discretization; Euler's method; first order system;
                 hyperbolic systems; method of characteristics; midpoint
                 rule; partial differential equations; step size
                 extrapolation",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Manual{CDC:1975:AVR,
  author =       "{CDC}",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68} Version 1 Reference Manual",
  organization = "Control Data Services B.V.",
  address =      "Rijswijk, The Netherlands",
  edition =      "B (1.1)",
  pages =        "115",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 12:12:20 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_cdcTomHunton1ReferenceManualRevB_8756301",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Denert:1975:GGL,
  author =       "E. Denert and G. Ernst and H. Wetzel",
  title =        "{GRAPHEX68}: Graphical language features in {ALGOL
                 68}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTERS-AND-GRAPHICS,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2--3",
  pages =        "195--202",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "COGRD2",
  ISSN =         "0097-8493 (print), 1873-7684 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8493",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 13 17:22:01 2012",
  bibsource =    "Graphics/imager/imager.75.bib;
                 Graphics/siggraph/75.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compgraph.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computers \& Graphics",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00978493",
}

@Article{Flon:1975:RSP,
  author =       "Lawrence Flon",
  title =        "On research in structured programming",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "16--17",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/987253.987256",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:07:28 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Carnegie-Mellon Univ.,
                 Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; conditionals; FORTRAN; global variables; goto;
                 programming; programming language; research; structured
                 programming",
  treatment =    "G General Review",
}

@Article{Ford:1975:APC,
  author =       "W. S. Ford",
  title =        "Algorithm 90: Periodic cubic spline interpolation with
                 equidistant nodes",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "183--184",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/18.2.183",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_02/tiff/183.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_02/tiff/184.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0290F (Interpolation and function approximation);
                 C4130 (Interpolation and function approximation)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Electrical Engng., University of Toronto,
                 Toronto, Ont., Canada",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; cubic spline interpolation; equidistant nodes;
                 periodic; routine; splines (mathematics); subroutines",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@InProceedings{Griss:1975:RSC,
  author =       "Martin L. Griss",
  booktitle =    "Proc. {ACM 75}",
  title =        "The {REDUCE} System for Computer Algebra",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "261--262",
  year =         "1975",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/800181.810335",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 13 17:00:43 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/red-g-l.bib",
  abstract =     "REDUCE is an ALGOL-like procedural language for
                 computer algebra, and general symbolic manipulation.
                 Since it is primarily interactive, the language is
                 command oriented, with each command being parsed, and
                 evaluated, before proceeding to the next. The program
                 can also be run batch mode. The language provides
                 scalar variables, matrices and arrays, prefix and infix
                 operators, block structure, FOR loops, WHILE loops and
                 procedure definition, for use with a variety of
                 algebraic and symbolic data types. The symbolic
                 capability of the REDUCE language is complete enough to
                 enable the entire program to be written in its own
                 source language. The system currently uses a
                 standardized subset of LISP 1.5 as an intermediate
                 language, and REDUCE evaluation involves a translation
                 through this subset to the specific LISP provided by
                 the machine on which REDUCE is being run. REDUCE
                 therefore uses LISP parameter binding and scope rules,
                 and provides a RETURN statement to exit from a block
                 with a value",
  abstract-2 =   "A brief description of {REDUCE} is presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxpages =      "4--5",
}

@Article{Hext:1975:ARO,
  author =       "J. B. Hext",
  title =        "Array reference operations",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "113--118",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:46 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140B (Machine-oriented languages); C6150C
                 (Compilers, interpreters and other processors)",
  conflocation = "New York, NY, USA; 18-19 March 1975",
  conftitle =    "Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and
                 Vector Machines",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Sydney, NSW, Australia",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; AlGOL 68; APL; array reference operations;
                 bounds; descriptor; dynamic types; parallel
                 processing",
  sponsororg =   "ACM; SIGPLAN; et al",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Hill:1975:AEM,
  author =       "I. D. Hill",
  title =        "Algorithm 88: An electoral method",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "89--90",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/18.1.89",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 06 16:46:47 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_01/tiff/89.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_01/tiff/90.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7130 (Public administration)",
  corpsource =   "Clinical Res. Centre, Harrow, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; algorithm; electoral method; government
                 administrative data processing; more than one;
                 position; subroutines; successful candidates; voting",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Hill:1975:WAAa,
  author =       "I. D. Hill and R. S. Scowen and B. A. Wichmann",
  title =        "Writing algorithms in {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "14--31",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:45 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming)",
  corpsource =   "Nat. Phys. Lab., Teddington, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; library system; programmers; programming;
                 writing algorithms",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
}

@Article{Hill:1975:WAAb,
  author =       "I. D. Hill and R. S. Scowen and B. A. Wichmann",
  title =        "Writing Algorithms in {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "229--244",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380050303",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Housden:1975:SCT,
  author =       "R. J. W. Housden",
  title =        "On String Concepts and Their Implementation",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "150--156",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/18.2.150",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:55 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/2/150.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_02/tiff/150.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_02/tiff/151.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_02/tiff/152.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_02/tiff/153.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_02/tiff/154.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_02/tiff/155.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_02/tiff/156.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C6130 (Data handling techniques)",
  classification = "723",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68R; computer programming languages; data
                 handling; data processing; fixed length vectors;
                 implementation; model; operators; PL/1; procedures;
                 string concepts; string handling; string processing;
                 string processing facilities; vary in length",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{HughesJones:1975:AGC,
  author =       "R. {Hughes Jones} and P. R. Graves-Morris and G. J.
                 Makinson",
  title =        "Algorithm 85: Generation of {Chisholm} approximants",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "81--83",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/18.1.81",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 06 16:46:58 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_01/tiff/81.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_01/tiff/82.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_01/tiff/83.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0290F (Interpolation and function approximation);
                 C4130 (Interpolation and function approximation); C7310
                 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. Kent, Canterbury, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; Chisholm approximants; function approximation;
                 generation; procedure; subroutines",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@InProceedings{Keir:1975:CNR,
  author =       "Roy A. Keir",
  title =        "Compatible number representations",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1975:SCA",
  pages =        "82--87",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 11:38:18 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith3/papers/ARITH3_Keir_2.pdf",
  abstract =     "A compatible number system for mixed fixed-point and
                 floating-point arithmetic is described in terms of
                 number formats and opcode sequences (for hardwired or
                 microcoded control). This inexpensive system can be as
                 fast as fixed-point arithmetic on integers, is faster
                 than normalized arithmetic in floating point, gets
                 answers identical to those of normalized arithmetic,
                 and automatically satisfies the Algol-60 mixed-mode
                 rules. The central concept is the avoidance of
                 meaningless ``normalization'' following arithmetic
                 operations. Adoption of this system could lead to
                 simpler compilers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ARITH-3; decimal floating-point arithmetic",
}

@InProceedings{Koch:1975:AAM,
  author =       "Wilfried Koch and Christoph Oeters",
  booktitle =    "{GI --- 5. Jahrestagung}",
  title =        "An abstract {ALGOL 68} machine and its application in
                 a machine independent compiler",
  volume =       "34",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "642--653",
  year =         "1975",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-07410-4_665",
  ISBN =         "3-540-37929-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-540-37929-4",
  ISSN =         "1611-3349",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 16:32:55 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       ser-LNCS,
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lawrie:1975:GPL,
  author =       "Duncan H. Lawrie and T. Layman and D. Baer and J. M.
                 Randal",
  title =        "{GLYPNIR} --- {A} programming language for {Illiac
                 IV}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "157--164",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:57:56 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Parallel/Multi.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm18.html#LawrieLBR75;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  abstract =     "GLYPNIR is one of the earliest existing languages
                 designed for programming the Illiac IV computer. The
                 syntax of the language is based on ALGOL 60, but has
                 been extended to allow the programmer explicitly to
                 specify the parallelism of his algorithm in terms of
                 64-word vectors. This paper describes the
                 characteristics, goals, and philosophy of the language,
                 and discusses some of the problems associated with
                 parallel computer architectures.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5400 (Analogue and digital computers and systems);
                 C6140B (Machine-oriented languages)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; algorithm; computer programming languages;
                 GLYPNIR; GLYPNIR programming; Illiac IV computer;
                 language; machine oriented languages; parallel computer
                 architectures; parallel processing; parallelism;
                 programming language; syntax",
  oldlabel =     "LawrieLBR75",
  treatment =    "G General Review; P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/LawrieLBR75",
}

@Article{Leibowitz:1975:MOU,
  author =       "Stephen Leibowitz",
  title =        "Memory optimization using block structures",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "22--25",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/987260.987265",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:07:37 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6120
                 (File organisation); C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Operations Res. Dept., Morgan Guaranty Trust Co., New
                 York, NY, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; Algol; block structures; memory optimisation;
                 memory optimisation storage allocation; memory
                 requirements; programming; run time storage allocation;
                 storage allocation",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
}

@Article{Lewis:1975:CPF,
  author =       "John Gregg Lewis",
  title =        "Certification of ``{Algorithm} 349: Polygamma
                 Functions with Arbitrary Precision''",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "380--382",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 16 10:31:40 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{TadeudeMedeiros:1969:APF}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "polygamma functions; special functions",
}

@Article{Mardia:1975:SAAa,
  author =       "K. V. Mardia and P. J. Zemroch",
  title =        "Statistical Algorithms: {Algorithm AS 80}: Spherical
                 Statistics",
  journal =      j-APPL-STAT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "144--146",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "APSTAG",
  ISSN =         "0035-9254 (print), 1467-9876 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9254",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 21 10:21:19 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/as1970.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  URL =          "http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/apstat/80",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0240 (Probability and statistics); C1140 (Probability
                 and statistics); C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Leeds, Leeds, UK",
  fjournal =     "Applied Statistics",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-9876/issues",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; algorithm; concentration parameters;
                 direction cosines; directional data; distribution;
                 Fisher; maximum likelihood estimates; mean direction;
                 natural sciences applications of computers; spherical
                 polar coordinates; spherical statistics; statistics;
                 subroutines",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Mardia:1975:SAAd,
  author =       "K. V. Mardia and P. J. Zemroch",
  title =        "Statistical Algorithms: {Algorithm AS 86}: The {von
                 Mises} Distribution Function",
  journal =      j-APPL-STAT,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "268--272",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "APSTAG",
  ISSN =         "0035-9254 (print), 1467-9876 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0035-9254",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 21 10:21:22 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/as1970.bib; JSTOR
                 database",
  URL =          "http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/apstat/86",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Leeds, Leeds, UK",
  fjournal =     "Applied Statistics",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-9876/issues",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; Bessel; circular statistics; directional
                 data; functions; statistics; subroutines; von Mises
                 distribution",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@TechReport{Reiser:1975:BDS,
  author =       "John F. Reiser",
  title =        "{BAIL}: a debugger for {SAIL}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-75-523 (AIM-270, AD-A019467)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-75-523.html",
  abstract =     "BAIL is a debugging aid for SAIL programs, where SAIL
                 is an extended dialect of ALGOL60 which runs on the
                 PDP-10 computer. BAIL consists of a breakpoint package
                 and an expression interpreter which allow the user to
                 stop his program at selected points, examine and change
                 the values of variables, and evaluate general SAIL
                 expressions. In addition, BAIL can display text from
                 the source file corresponding to the current location
                 in the program. In may respects BAIL is like DDT or
                 RAID, except that BAIL is oriented towards SAIL and
                 knows about SAIL data types, primitive operations, and
                 procedure implementation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "34",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-75-523",
}

@Article{Shearn:1975:DES,
  author =       "D. C. S. Shearn",
  title =        "Discrete Event Simulation in {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "279--293",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380050306",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Syslo:1975:RAE,
  author =       "Maciej M. Syslo",
  title =        "Remark on ``{Algorithm 459}: The Elementary Circuits
                 of a Graph''",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "119--??",
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:25:14 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm18.html#Syslo75;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Syslo:1973:AAE}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  oldlabel =     "Syslo75",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Syslo75",
}

@TechReport{VanEmdeBoas:1975:NRE,
  author =       "Peter {Van Emde Boas} and Paul M. B. Vit{\'a}nyi",
  title =        "A Note on the Recursive Enumerability of Some Classes
                 of Recursively Enumerable Languages",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "IW 35/75",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "8",
  year =         "1975",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 08:42:35 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/9462/9462D.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{vanWijngaarden:1975:RRA,
  author =       "Adriaan van Wijngaarden and B. J. Mailloux and J. E.
                 L. Peck and C. H. A. Koster and M. Sintzoff and C. H.
                 Lindsey and L. G. L. T. Meertens and R. G. Fisker",
  title =        "Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language {ALGOL
                 68}",
  journal =      j-ACTA-INFO,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "1--3",
  pages =        "1--236",
  day =          "19",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "AINFA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-5903 (print), 1432-0525 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 11:32:32 2026",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/reynolds.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/HBP/ACTAI.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Theory/CLiCS.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/actainfo.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Acta Inf.",
  checked =      "4 September 1990",
  fjournal =     "Acta Informatica",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/236",
  remark =       "See Peck \cite{Peck:1978:ASP} for the story of how
                 this long report was created in machine readable form
                 and published here.",
}

@Article{Ziegler:1975:IIA,
  author =       "B. Ziegler",
  title =        "{Inversion einer im allgemeinen nicht positiv
                 definiten symmetrischen Matrix}. ({German})
                 [{Inversion} of a matrix that is symmetric but in
                 general not positive definite]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "131--139",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:52 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Inst. f{\"u}r Informatik, Univ. Stuttgart, Stuttgart,
                 West Germany",
  classification = "723; 921; B0290H; C4140; C7310",
  description =  "matrix algebra; subroutines",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  journalabr =   "Comput (Vienna/NY)",
  keywords =     "ALGOL procedure; computer programming --- Subroutines;
                 inversion; mathematical techniques; matrix; matrix
                 inversion; not positive definite; symmetric",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Zosel:1975:MPV,
  author =       "Mary E. Zosel",
  title =        "A modest proposal for vector extensions to {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "62--71",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:46 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140B (Machine-oriented languages)",
  conflocation = "New York, NY, USA; 18-19 March 1975",
  conftitle =    "Programming Languages and Compilers for Parallel and
                 Vector Machines",
  corpsource =   "Univ. California, Livermore, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; definition of descriptors; memory management;
                 register management; STAR; vector extensions; vector
                 language",
  sponsororg =   "ACM; SIGPLAN; et al",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Zvegintzov:1975:PAD,
  author =       "N. Zvegintzov",
  title =        "Problems with Analytic Description of Text Formats",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "148--149",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/18.2.148",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:55 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/2/148.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_02/tiff/148.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_18/Issue_02/tiff/149.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6140D (High
                 level languages)",
  classification = "723",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "analytic description; computer programming languages
                 --- Algol; formatting; pattern recognition systems;
                 problems; program and system documentation;
                 programming; programs; source text; terminology; text
                 formats",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Ammann:1976:CGP,
  author =       "Urs Ammann",
  title =        "On Code Generation in a {PASCAL} Compiler",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "13",
  institution =  inst-ETH,
  address =      inst-ETH:adr,
  pages =        "i + 41",
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 03 06:53:39 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://pascal.hansotten.com/uploads/wirth/Pascal-On-Code-Generation-in-a-Pascal-Compiler-eth-3056-01.pdf",
  abstract =     "PASCAL 1s an ALGOL-like general purpose programming
                 language. It was developed by N. Wirth at the Federal
                 Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ) and was first
                 published in [7]. In 1973 an axiomatic definition of
                 the language followed [4]. Compared to ALGOL 60, PASCAL
                 offers essential extensions in the domain of user
                 defined data structures. In spite of its power of
                 expression PASCAL is characterized by its simplicity
                 and ease of implementation, thereby favourably
                 measuring with other modern programming languages as
                 e.g. PL/I and ALGOL 68.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Listed, without years, at the end of
                 \cite{Wirth:1979:CPP}. The report itself is undated,
                 but a year of 1976 is given in the cover page added in
                 the version at the URL.",
}

@TechReport{Anonymous:1976:EAJ,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Evaluation of {ALGOL 68}, {Jovial J3B}, {PASCAL},
                 {SIMULA 67}, and {TACPOL} Versus {TINMAN} Requirements
                 for a Common High Order Programming Language",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Softech, Inc. and Defense Technical Information
                 Center",
  address =      "Waltham, MA, USA and Fort Belvoir, VA, USA",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1976",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 13:51:36 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  abstract =     "This report evaluates how well ALGOL 68, JOVIAL J3B,
                 PASCAL, SIMULA 67, and TACPOL satisfy the Department of
                 Defense requirements for high order computer
                 programming languages, as described in A Common
                 Programming Language for the Department of Defense ---
                 Background and Technical Requirements, Institute for
                 Defense Analyses, Arlington, Va., Paper P-1191, June
                 1976, known informally as the TINMAN. The body of this
                 evaluation report consists of stating for each TINMAN
                 requirement (e.g., A6. Arrays) the degree to which each
                 language satisfies the requirement (e.g., Not
                 Satisfied), together with a justification for this
                 evaluation, keyed to language reference documents.
                 Bibliographic references to these documents are found
                 at the beginning of Section 2, where each language's
                 deficiencies are summarized. The remainder of Section 2
                 consists of the detailed language evaluations. Each
                 evaluation begins by quoting relevant parts of the
                 TINMAN requirement, and then each language is evaluated
                 separately with respect to that requirement. See also
                 AD-A037 634.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{Anonymous:1976:LCC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "A Language Comparison. A Comparison of the Properties
                 of the Programming Languages {ALGOL 68}, {CAMAC-IML},
                 {Coral 66}, {PAS 1}, {Pearl}, {PL/1}, {PROCOL},
                 {RTL??}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Purdue Laboratory for Applied Industrial Control,
                 Purdue University",
  address =      "Lafayette, IN, USA",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1976",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 13:51:36 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  abstract =     "A comparison of the key features of eight well known
                 real time programming languages in relation to their
                 use for industrial computer systems. (Author).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Bachmann:1976:PPA,
  author =       "Karl Heinz Bachmann",
  title =        "{Die Programmierungssprachen Pascal und ALGOL 68}.
                 ({German}) [{The} programming languages {Pascal} and
                 {ALGOL 68}]",
  volume =       "10",
  publisher =    pub-AKADEMIE-VERLAG,
  address =      pub-AKADEMIE-VERLAG:adr,
  pages =        "220",
  year =         "1976",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112546222",
  ISBN =         "3-11-254621-0 (print), 3-11-254622-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-11-254621-5 (print), 978-3-11-254622-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.P2 B3",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Elektronisches Rechnen und Regeln",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "Pascal (Computer program language); ALGOL (Computer
                 program language)",
  tableofcontents = "Frontmatter \\
                 Vorwort \\
                 Inhaltsverzeichnis \\
                 I. Einf{\"u}hrung \\
                 1. Datenverarbeitungsanlagen \\
                 2. Datenverarbeitungsprozesse \\
                 3. Programme \\
                 4. Abstrakte Automaten und abstrakte Programme \\
                 5. Unterprogrammtechnik und Automatensysteme \\
                 6. Kellerautomaten \\
                 7. Programmierungssprachen \\
                 \\
                 II. Die Programmierungssprache Pascal \\
                 1. Grunddaten \\
                 2. Abgeleitete Daten \\
                 3. Abstrakter Verarbeitungsautomat \\
                 4. Ausdr{\"u}cke \\
                 5. Variablendeklarationen, Typdefinitionen,
                 Konstantendefinitionen \\
                 6. Wertzuweisungen \\
                 7. Programmsteuerung \\
                 8. Programmaufbau \\
                 9. Anweisungsgruppen \\
                 10. Standardprozeduren \\
                 11. Erg{\"a}nzungen \\
                 12. Beispiele \\
                 \\
                 III. Die Programierungssprache ALGOL 68 \\
                 1. Grunddaten \\
                 2. Abgeleitete Daten \\
                 3. Abstrakter Verarbeitungsautomat \\
                 4. Formeln und Operanden \\
                 5. Deklaratione \\
                 6. Wertzuweisungen und Identit{\"a}tsrelationen \\
                 7. Programmsteuerung und Spr{\"u}nge \\
                 8. Programmaufbau \\
                 9. Klauseln und Schleifen \\
                 10. Beziehungen zwischen Typen \\
                 11. Erg{\"a}nzungen \\
                 12. Beispiele \\
                 Literaturverzeichnis f{\"u}r Kapitel I--III \\
                 Literaturverzeichnis zum Anhang \\
                 Anhang \\
                 Sachwortverzeichnis",
}

@Article{Backus:1976:MRA,
  author =       "J. W. Backus and F. L. Bauer and J. Green and C. Katz
                 and J. McCarthy and P. Naur and A. J. Perlis and H.
                 Rutishauser and K. Samelson and B. Vauquois and J. H.
                 Wegstein and A. van Wijngaarden and M. Woodger and R.
                 M. {De Morgan} and I. D. Hill and B. A. Wichmann",
  title =        "Modified Report on the Algorithmic Language
                 {ALGOL-60}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "364--379",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/19.4.364",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  MRclass =      "68N01",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:58 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib;
                 Misc/is.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/4/364.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/tiff/364.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/tiff/365.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/tiff/366.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/tiff/367.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/tiff/368.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/tiff/369.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/tiff/370.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/tiff/371.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/tiff/372.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/tiff/373.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/tiff/374.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/tiff/375.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/tiff/376.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/tiff/377.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/tiff/378.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_04/tiff/379.tif",
  ZMID =         "03529388",
  ZMnumber =     "0338.68007",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10
                 November 1970); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25
                 May 1980)",
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  classification = "723; 902",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 60; algorithmic language; computer
                 programming languages; standards",
  treatment =    "G General Review; P Practical",
}

@Article{Baron:1976:TI,
  author =       "W. Baron",
  title =        "{Zur trigonometrischen Interpolation}. ({German})
                 [{On} trigonometric interpolation]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "319--328",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 04 06:53:59 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  ZMnumber =     "321.65003",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Inst. f{\"u}r Numerische Math., Tech. Univ. Wien,
                 Wien, Austria",
  classification = "B0290F; C4130",
  description =  "interpolation; polynomials",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  keywords =     "Algol procedure; Neville like algorithm; trigonometric
                 interpolation polynomial",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Batson:1976:DDA,
  author =       "A. P. Batson and R. E. Brundage and J. P. Kearns",
  title =        "Design data for {Algol-60} machines",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "151--154",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (ACM), 0884-7495 (IEEE)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 12 09:41:06 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigarch",
}

@Unpublished{Boas:1976:LFP,
  author =       "Peter van Emde Boas",
  title =        "Least fixed points and the recursion theorem",
  number =       "ZW 78/76",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Unpublished{Boas:1976:SAM,
  author =       "Peter van Emde Boas",
  title =        "Some applications of the {Meyer--McCreight} algorithm
                 in abstract complexity theory: (prepublication)",
  number =       "ZW 79/76",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Brailsford:1976:ADC,
  author =       "D. F. Brailsford and R. D. Knott",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of a conference on {``Applications of
                 Algol 68'', University of East Anglia, 22--25 March
                 1976}",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68} Dialect Conversion --- a Syntactic
                 Approach",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "192--203",
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 09:42:48 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28692800_Algol_68_Dialect_Conversion_--_a_Syntactic_Approach",
  abstract =     "A syntax directed package for converting Revised Algol
                 68 programs into Algol 68-R form, (where possible) is
                 being developed at Nottingham. The package makes use of
                 J. M. Foster's Syntax Improving Device (SID) [1]. The
                 experience gained has underlined the value of a
                 syntactic approach to problems of this sort. A far
                 wider range of constructs can be translated than would
                 ever be possible by using ad hoc methods. In many
                 respects the difficulties encountered are those of
                 conventional compiler writing, but some intriguing new
                 problems arise when, as in this case, the source
                 language and target language differ relatively little
                 in philosophy and appearance.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Proceedings not available online. The colophon
                 describes the OCR conversion of a bitmap scan the
                 printed article to a troff document that was typeset to
                 reproduce closely the original appearance --- a
                 four-hour effort.",
}

@Book{Branquart:1976:OTP,
  author =       "Paul Branquart and J. P. Cardinael and Johan Lewi and
                 John Paul Delescaille and Michael Vanbegin",
  title =        "{An Optimized translation process and its application
                 to ALGOL 68}",
  volume =       "38",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 334",
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-07545-3",
  ISBN =         "0-387-07545-3, 3-540-07545-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-07545-7, 978-3-540-07545-5",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 O67",
  bibdate =      "Wed Feb 14 06:00:56 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs.bib",
  series =       ser-LNCS,
  URL =          "http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t0038.htm;
                 http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-0-387-07545-7;
                 http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=issue&issn=0302-9743&volume=38",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algol (computer program language); compiling
                 (electronic computers)",
  tableofcontents = "Recall of storage allocation principles \\
                 Study of the static properties of values \\
                 Study of the prevision mechanism \\
                 Lexicographical blocks \\
                 Mode identifiers \\
                 Generators \\
                 Label identifiers \\
                 Non-standard routines with parameters \\
                 Non-standard routines without parameters \\
                 Procedured jumps \\
                 Bounds of mode declarations \\
                 Dynamic replications in formats \\
                 Other terminal constructions \\
                 Kernel invariant constructions \\
                 Confrontations \\
                 Call of standard routines \\
                 Choice constructions \\
                 Collateral clauses \\
                 Miscellaneous \\
                 Other ICIS \\
                 Accesses and machine addresses \\
                 Method of code generation \\
                 Local optimizations \\
                 The loader \\
                 Translation of intermediate code modules \\
                 Further remarks of garbage collection",
}

@Article{Brewer:1976:DSB,
  author =       "Richard K. Brewer",
  title =        "Documentation standards for beginning students",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "69--73",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/952989.803450",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 18 08:53:52 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1970.bib",
  note =         "Proceedings of the SIGCSE--SIGCUE joint symposium on
                 Computer science education.",
  abstract =     "The importance of writing programs that are readable
                 has finally gained preeminence in the struggle with
                 such competing and contradictory goals as ``cuteness''
                 and ``optimization'' of code. As a result, a much
                 greater stress on documentation standards is found in
                 computer science education these days. Industry and
                 government standards for documentation are being more
                 widely adhered to and certain points of agreement have
                 emerged. Some excellent books have been written that
                 cover the subject (Van Tassel, 1974; Ledgard, 1975;
                 Kernighan {\&} Plauger, 1974); however it is safe to
                 say that both the exhaustive treatment of the subject
                 in such publications and the extremely high standards
                 proposed probably preclude wholesale adoption by
                 instructors of beginning level programming courses.
                 What is proposed here is a set of common sense, scaled
                 down documentation standards for the student in a first
                 programming course in, say, FORTRAN, PL/I, ALGOL, or
                 Basic. The following represents an amalgam of
                 documentation requirements achieved as a result of
                 teaching introductory programming to college students
                 for nine years. The actual sources have been the
                 literature, colleagues, and last but not least,
                 experience. They are not intended to represent an
                 ``only'' or ``best'' approach; the author has recently
                 encountered other efforts in this direction that must
                 surely be as reasonable and effective. It does
                 represent one educator's approach; it is sufficiently
                 scaled down so that one might reasonably expect to use
                 it as a standard for beginning students; and it may be
                 most useful as a contributor of components to be
                 integrated into a more effective set of standards. The
                 basics of documentation and readable programming
                 include comments, meaningful variable names, labelled
                 output, flowcharts, and clear program flow. The major
                 components of and basic rules for each of these
                 categories will be presented in the context of the
                 needs and limitations of the beginning student.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Book{Cleaveland:1977:GPL,
  author =       "J. Craig Cleaveland and Robert C. Uzgalis",
  title =        "Grammars for Programming Languages",
  volume =       "4",
  publisher =    pub-ELSEVIER,
  address =      pub-ELSEVIER:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 154",
  year =         "1977",
  ISBN =         "0-444-00187-5, 0-444-00199-9 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-444-00187-0, 978-0-444-00199-3 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.7 .C57 1977",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 1 17:05:14 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Programming languages series",
  URL =          "http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/2347110.html",
  abstract =     "Thus, the organization of the book as it finally
                 evolved contains two introductory chapters that can be
                 read by anyone familiar with a programming language.
                 These chapters provide a general background in the
                 commonly-used grammatical notations describing the
                 syntax of a programming language. This is information
                 that should be familiar to anyone who
                 programs-unfortunately, it is familiar to only a very
                 few. With the information contained in these first two
                 chapters, the programmer should have confident access
                 to the syntactic portions of programming-language
                 reference manuals. This includes an understanding of
                 what will not appear in the syntax as well as what
                 should appear there. The remainder of the book builds
                 on this basic foundation exploring the limits of
                 definitional possibilities using a grammatical
                 formalism. To this end, the third chapter introduces
                 the ALGOL 68 grammatical formalism with extensive
                 examples. The fourth chapter gives four grammars
                 describing a simple programming language. This
                 illustrates the evolution of grammatical definitions
                 from ALGOL 60 to ALGOL 68 and beyond. The third grammar
                 in the fourth chapter successfully supplies an answer
                 to Martin Kay's germinal challenge.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Elsevier computer science library",
  subject =      "Programming languages (Electronic computers); Formal
                 languages; Programming Languages; Langages de
                 programmation; Langages formels; Formal languages;
                 Programming languages (Electronic computers); Formale
                 Sprache; Grammatik; Programmiersprache;
                 Programmeertalen; Formele talen; Formal languages;
                 Syntax",
  tableofcontents = "Grammars and formal languages \\
                 Context-free grammars and programming language
                 definitions \\
                 Double-level grammars capable of defining
                 context-sensitive languages \\
                 Application of w-grammars to programming languages",
}

@Article{DeMorgan:1976:SAR,
  author =       "R. M. {De Morgan} and I. D. Hill and B. A. Wichmann",
  title =        "A supplement to the {Algol 60} Revised Report",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "276--288",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/19.3.276",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:58 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/3.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/3/276.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_03/tiff/276.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_03/tiff/277.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_03/tiff/278.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_03/tiff/279.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_03/tiff/280.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_03/tiff/281.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_03/tiff/282.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_03/tiff/283.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_03/tiff/284.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_03/tiff/285.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_03/tiff/286.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_03/tiff/287.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_19/Issue_03/tiff/288.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "ICL Dataskil Ltd., Reading, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 60; basic concepts; declarations;
                 expressions; language structure; statements",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Deo:1976:NHT,
  author =       "Narsingh Deo",
  title =        "Note on {Hopcroft} and {Tarjan}'s Planarity
                 Algorithm",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "74--75",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411 (print), 1557-735X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Sat Dec 10 15:39:39 1994",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/siggraph/76.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jacm.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{Hopcroft:1974:EPT}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Assoc. Comput. Mach.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/jacm",
}

@Article{Earnshaw:1976:GPA,
  author =       "R. A. Earnshaw",
  title =        "Graph plotting in {ALGOL 68-R}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "51--60",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380060105",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@TechReport{Eijgenraam:1976:TIC,
  author =       "P. Eijgenraam and J. A. {Van De Griend} and L. S. C.
                 Statema",
  title =        "{Triplex-Algol 60} on the {IBM} 370\slash 158 of the
                 {Centraal Rekeninstituut}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "76-1",
  institution =  "Institute of Applied Math. and Computer Science,
                 University of Leiden",
  address =      "Leiden, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@Article{elLozy:1976:RAC,
  author =       "Mohamed el Lozy",
  title =        "Remark on {``Algorithm 299: Chi-Squared Integral
                 [S15]''}",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "393--395",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 05 16:47:38 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Hill:1967:ACS,Hill:1985:RCS}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ford:1976:DSN,
  author =       "B. Ford and D. K. Sayers",
  title =        "Developing a single numerical algorithm library for
                 different machine ranges",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "2",
  pages =        "115--131",
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0098-3500",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 11:32:43 2026",
  bibsource =    "Distributed/QLD.bib; Distributed/QLD/1976.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "The numerical algorithms group (NAG) is a British
                 venture, started five years ago, to provide a good
                 numerical algorithms library for users of computers in
                 British universities. As the universities have
                 computers from different machine ranges, the
                 development of a single library for the various
                 machines has presented five major problems. The first
                 is administrative and is not discussed. algorithm
                 selection and coding and the subsequent testing",
  country =      "USA",
  date =         "01/02/80",
  descriptors =  "Reliability; method; realization; programming
                 language; ALGOL; FORTRAN; numerical method; program
                 construction; standard",
  enum =         "980",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  location =     "RWTH-AC-DFV: TELL",
  references =   "11",
  revision =     "15/01/92",
}

@MastersThesis{Gegusch:1976:DTF,
  author =       "T. Gegusch",
  title =        "{Eine Dezimale Triplex-Langzahl-Arithmetik F{\"u}r Den
                 Univac-Algol-60-Compiler}",
  type =         "Diplomarbeit",
  school =       "Inst. F. Prakt. Math., University Karlsruhe",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@TechReport{Goodenough:1976:EAJ,
  author =       "John B. Goodenough and Clement L. McGowan and John R.
                 Kelly",
  title =        "Evaluation of {ALGOL 68}, {JOVIAL J3B}, {PASCAL},
                 {SIMULA 67}, and {TACPOL} vs {Tinman} Requirements for
                 a Common High Order Programming Language --- Final
                 Report for Period: {July 1976--October 1976}",
  volume =       "033893; 75--0373--F",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "US Army Electronics Command and Defense Technical
                 Information Center",
  address =      "Fort Monmouth, NJ, USA and Fort Belvoir, VA, USA",
  pages =        "165",
  year =         "1976",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 13:51:36 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Haskell:1976:USF,
  author =       "R. E. Haskell and D. E. Boddy and G. A. Jackson",
  title =        "Use of structured flowcharts in the undergraduate
                 Computer Science curriculum",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "67--74",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/952991.804758",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 18 08:53:54 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1970.bib",
  note =         "Proceedings of the 6th SIGCSE Symposium on Computer
                 Science Education.",
  abstract =     "Over the last four years a new Computer Science major
                 program has been introduced into the curriculum of the
                 School of Engineering at Oakland University. During
                 this period computer science educators throughout the
                 country have debated the best way to introduce
                 structured programming into the curriculum. There is
                 now a widespread belief that beginning FORTRAN courses
                 cannot be taught using structured programming in a form
                 that is palatable to freshmen students without the aid
                 of a structured FORTRAN preprocessor. Our experience in
                 teaching structured programming using FORTRAN to large
                 numbers of freshmen students has indicated that this
                 widespread belief is false. We will illustrate the use
                 of structured flowcharts with FORTRAN in Section 2 by
                 showing one of the actual programming assignments that
                 was given to our freshman introductory computer course
                 this term. The same structured flowcharting techniques
                 are used throughout the curriculum. An example that
                 uses ALGOL and is taken from our junior level data
                 structures class is given in Section 3. The use of the
                 structured flowcharts forces all programs to be
                 well-structured and encourages a top-down approach to
                 programming. It is a very useful vehicle for describing
                 any language-independent structured algorithm. An
                 example of using structured flowcharts to describe a
                 simple precedence parser in a senior course on
                 compilers is given in Section 4.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@TechReport{Herriot:1976:CIN,
  author =       "John G. Herriot",
  title =        "Calculation of interpolating natural spline functions
                 using {de Boor}'s package for calculating with
                 {B}-splines",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-76-569 (P261 814/AS)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "i + 44",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-76-569.html",
  abstract =     "A FORTRAN subroutine is described for finding
                 interpolating natural splines of odd degree for an
                 arbitrary set of data points. The subroutine makes use
                 of several of the subroutines in de Boor's package for
                 calculating with B-splines. An Algol W translation of
                 the interpolating natural spline subroutine and of the
                 required subroutines of the de Boor package are also
                 given. Timing tests and accuracy tests for the routines
                 are described.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "52",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-76-569",
}

@Article{Jones:1976:EASa,
  author =       "B. Jones",
  title =        "An Extended {Algol-60} for Shaded Computer Graphics",
  journal =      j-COMP-GRAPHICS,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "18--23",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CGRADI, CPGPBZ",
  ISSN =         "0097-8930 (print), 1558-4569 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8930",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 4 14:36:57 1997",
  bibsource =    "Graphics/imager/imager.76.bib;
                 Graphics/siggraph/76.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/siggraph.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "joint issue.",
  fjournal =     "Computer Graphics",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J166",
  keywords =     "Algol-60 and grey scale graphics, Algol-60, grey scale
                 graphics",
}

@Article{Jones:1976:EASb,
  author =       "Ben Jones",
  title =        "An extended {Algol-60} for {Shaded Computer
                 Graphics}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "18--23",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:13:57 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C5540 (Terminals and graphic displays); C6130 (Data
                 handling techniques); C6140D (High level languages)",
  conflocation = "Miami Beach, FL, USA; 26-27 April 1976",
  conftitle =    "Symposium on Graphic Languages",
  corpsource =   "Computer Engng. and Information Sci., Case Western
                 Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 60; computer graphics; graphic language;
                 PDP 11; programming language; real time; shaded
                 computer graphics; shaded perspective images",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Knott:1976:NSP,
  author =       "Gary D. Knott",
  title =        "A Numbering System for Permutations of Combinations",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "355--356",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:55:20 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Theory/Seiferas/1976.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm19.html#Knott76;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "B0250 (Combinatorial mathematics); C1160
                 (Combinatorial mathematics); C7310 (Mathematics
                 computing)",
  corpsource =   "Nat. Inst. of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "Algol procedures; coding systems; combinatorial
                 mathematics; combinatorics; inverse; permuted
                 combination numbering system; storage mapping
                 functions",
  oldlabel =     "Knott76",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Knott76",
}

@Article{Kuo-Petravic:1976:TPT,
  author =       "L. G. Kuo-Petravic and M. Petravic and K. V. Roberts",
  title =        "{Tranal} --- a program for the translation of
                 {Symbolic Algol} into {Symbolic Algol II}",
  journal =      j-COMP-PHYS-COMM,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5--25",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPHCBZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(76)90036-9",
  ISSN =         "0010-4655 (print), 1879-2944 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4655",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 13 06:01:19 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compphyscomm1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0010465576900369",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Physics Communications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00104655",
}

@Article{Madison:1976:CPL,
  author =       "A. Wayne Madison and Alan P. Batson",
  title =        "Characteristics of Program Localities",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "285--294",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:00:47 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/os.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm19.html#MadisonB76;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  abstract =     "The term ``locality'' is used to denote that subset of
                 a program's segments which are referenced during a
                 particular phase of its execution. In this paper the
                 concept of a locality is made more explicit through a
                 formal definition of what constitutes a phase of
                 localized reference behavior, and by a corresponding
                 mechanism for the detection of localities in actual
                 reference strings. This definition provides for the
                 existence of a hierarchy of localities at any given
                 time. empirical data from a sample of production Algol
                 60 programs is used to display distributions of
                 locality sizes and lifetimes. These results are
                 discussed in terms of their implications for the
                 modeling of program behavior and memory management in
                 virtual memory systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6120 (File organisation); C6150G (Diagnostic,
                 testing, debugging and evaluating systems)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Appl. Math. and Computer Sci., Univ. of
                 Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "bounded locality intervals; computer operating
                 systems; computer programming languages; locality;
                 memory; memory management; program behaviour; storage
                 management; virtual; virtual storage",
  oldlabel =     "MadisonB76",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/MadisonB76",
}

@Article{Matuszek:1976:CAS,
  author =       "David Matuszek",
  title =        "The case for the {\tt assert} statement",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "36--37",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/987531.987535",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:08:11 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6150G
                 (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating
                 systems)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX,
                 USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; debugging; program debugging; programming",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Meertens:1976:SST,
  author =       "L. Meertens",
  title =        "A space-saving technique for assigning {ALGOL 68}
                 multiple values",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "97--99",
  day =          "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 17 10:49:43 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4240 (Programming and algorithm theory); C6140D
                 (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Math. Centrum, Amsterdam, Netherlands",
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; multiple values; optimisation; space
                 saving technique",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Book{Pagan:1976:PGA,
  author =       "Frank G. Pagan",
  title =        "A Practical Guide to {Algol 68}",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY-LONDON:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 213",
  year =         "1976",
  ISBN =         "0-471-65746-8 (hardcover), 0-471-65747-6 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-65746-0 (hardcover), 978-0-471-65747-7
                 (paperback)",
  ISSN =         "0277-2647",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 P34",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 18 07:25:59 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Wiley series in computing",
  abstract =     "The aims of this book are to provide an informal but
                 comprehensive guide to the final (1974) version of the
                 Algol 68 programming language to do so in a manner
                 consistent with the use of what has come to be known as
                 structured programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Translated to Russian by A. F. Rar, MIR Publishers,
                 Moscow, USSR, 1979.",
  tableofcontents = "Basic concepts and constructs \\
                 Straight--line programs \\
                 Loops and multiple values \\
                 Conditional elaboration \\
                 Routines \\
                 Extended modes \\
                 Transput \\
                 Additional control devices",
}

@TechReport{Reiser:1976:S,
  author =       "John F. Reiser",
  title =        "{SAIL}",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-76-574 (AIM-289)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "178",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/pub/cstr/reports/cs/tr/76/574/CS-TR-76-574.pdf;
                 http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-76-574.html",
  abstract =     "Sail is a high-level programming language for the
                 PDP-10 computer. It includes an extended ALGOL 60
                 compiler and a companion set of execution-time
                 routines. In addition to ALGOL, the language features:
                 (1) flexible linking to hand-coded machine language
                 algorithms, (2) complete access to the PDP-10 I/O
                 facilities, (3) a complete system of compile-time
                 arithmetic and logic as well as a flexible macro
                 system, (4) a high-level debugger, (5) records and
                 references, (6) sets and lists, (7) an associative data
                 structure, (8) independent processes, (9) procedure
                 variables, (10) user modifiable error handling, (11)
                 backtracking, and (12) interrupt facilities. This
                 manual describes the Sail language and the
                 execution-time routines for the typical Sail user: a
                 non-novice programmer with some knowledge of ALGOL. It
                 lies somewhere between being a tutorial and a reference
                 manual.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "182",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-76-574",
}

@Article{Riha:1976:AEA,
  author =       "W. Riha and K. R. James",
  title =        "Algorithm $ 29 $. Efficient Algorithms for Doubly and
                 Multiply Restricted Partitions",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "163--168",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:52 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  ZMnumber =     "317.68046",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Centre for Computer Studies, Univ. of Leeds, Leeds,
                 UK",
  classification = "723; 921; B0250; C1160; C7310",
  description =  "combinatorial mathematics; graph theory",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  journalabr =   "Comput (Vienna/NY)",
  keywords =     "ALGOL procedures; computer programming; doubly and
                 multiply restricted partitions; integer; mathematical
                 techniques",
}

@Article{Smith:1976:SLP,
  author =       "Carol Smith and Jon Rickman",
  title =        "Selecting languages for pedagogical tools in the
                 computer science curriculum",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "39--47",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/952991.804753",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 18 08:53:54 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1970.bib",
  note =         "Proceedings of the 6th SIGCSE Symposium on Computer
                 Science Education.",
  abstract =     "The selection of languages for use as pedagogical aids
                 in the teaching of computer science is still a big
                 issue at most universities. The rebellion against
                 FORTRAN has given rise to numerous heirs to the throne,
                 eg, PL/1, ALGOL, PASCAL, etc. In deciding how to
                 resolve this issue small departments have to consider
                 the effect the decision might have on the productivity
                 of their faculty. The analysis of this problem as
                 viewed at SIU-Carbondale is described within. The
                 analysis is performed by applying a set of criteria to
                 a list of potential languages.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@TechReport{Smith:1976:ST,
  author =       "Nancy W. Smith",
  title =        "{SAIL} tutorial",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-76-575 (AIM-290, AD-A042494)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "54",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1976",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-76-575.html",
  abstract =     "This tutorial is designed for a beginning user of
                 Sail, an ALGOL-like language for the PDP10. The first
                 part covers the basic statements and expressions of the
                 language; remaining topics include macros, records,
                 conditional compilation, and input/output. Detailed
                 examples of Sail programming are included throughout,
                 and only a minimum of programming background is
                 assumed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "58",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-76-575",
}

@Article{Tanenbaum:1976:TA,
  author =       "Andrew S. Tanenbaum",
  title =        "A Tutorial on {Algol 68}",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "155--190",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/356669.356671",
  ISSN =         "0010-4892",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 19 09:20:05 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{Tanenbaum:1977:CTA}.",
  abstract =     "This paper is an introduction to the main features of
                 ALGOL 68, emphasizing the novel features not found in
                 many other programming languages. The topics, data
                 types (modes), type conversion (coercion), generalized
                 expressions (units), procedures, operators, the
                 standard prelude, and input/output, form the basis of
                 the paper. The approach is informal, relying heavily on
                 many short examples. The paper applies to the Revised
                 Report, published in 1975, rather than to the original
                 report, published in 1969.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; ALGorithmic Language; expression languages;
                 general programming languages; high-level languages;
                 problem-oriented languages",
}

@Book{vanWijngaarden:1976:RRAa,
  editor =       "Adriaan van Wijngaarden and B. J. (Barry James)
                 Mailloux and J. E. L. (John E. L. (Edward Lancelot))
                 Peck and C. H. A. (Cornelis H. A.) Koster and M.
                 Sintzoff and C. H. Lindsey and Lambert G. L. Meertens
                 and R. G. Fisker",
  title =        "Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language {ALGOL
                 68}",
  type =         "Tract",
  number =       "50",
  publisher =    inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "236",
  year =         "1976",
  ISBN =         "90-6196-089-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-90-6196-089-8",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 R45 1976b",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Mathematical Centre tracts; 50",
  URL =          "https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/18575",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Published in 1971 under title: Report on the
                 algorithmic language ALGOL 68. Translated to Russian by
                 A. A. B{\"a}hrs, MIR Publishers, Moscow, USSR, 1980.",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Book{vanWijngaarden:1976:RRAb,
  editor =       "Adriaan van Wijngaarden and B. J. (Barry James)
                 Mailloux and J. E. L. (John E. L. (Edward Lancelot))
                 Peck and C. H. A. (Cornelis H. A.) Koster and M.
                 Sintzoff and C. H. Lindsey and Lambert G. L. Meertens
                 and R. G. Fisker",
  title =        "Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language {ALGOL
                 68}",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "236",
  year =         "1976",
  ISBN =         "0-387-07592-5, 3-540-07592-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-07592-1, 978-3-540-07592-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 R45 1976",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 27 15:52:06 MDT 2024",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  URL =          "https://algol68genie.nl/en/blog/revised-report-algol-68-html;
                 https://web.archive.org/web/20070927191700/http://burks.brighton.ac.uk/burks/language/other/a68rr/rrtoc.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  libnote =      "Not in my library.",
  remark =       "Published in 1971 under title: Report on the
                 algorithmic language ALGOL 68. A later edition was
                 issued as a supplement to ALGOL Bulletin number 47,
                 covering changes up to the end of 1978.",
  subject =      "Algol (Lenguaje de Programaci{\'o}n para
                 Computadores); Lenguajes de Programaci{\'o}n
                 (Computadores Electr{\'o}nicos)",
  tableofcontents = "Preliminary definitions \\
                 Fundamental constructions \\
                 Context dependence \\
                 Elaboration-independent constructions \\
                 Environment and examples",
}

@Article{vonBochmann:1976:SEL,
  author =       "Gregor von Bochmann",
  title =        "Semantic Evaluation from Left to Right",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "55--62",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  MRclass =      "68A30",
  MRnumber =     "55 13879",
  MRreviewer =   "V. N. Agafonov",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:27:08 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/AG.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/dbase.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm19.html#Bochmann76;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes attribute grammars and their use
                 for the definition of programming languages and
                 compilers; a formal definition of attribute grammars
                 and a discussion of some of its important aspects are
                 included. The paper concentrates on the evaluation of
                 semantic attributes in a few passes from left to right
                 over the derivation tree of a program. A condition for
                 an attribute grammar is given which assures that the
                 semantics of any program can be evaluated in a single
                 pass over the derivation tree, and an algorithm is
                 discussed which decides how many passes from left to
                 right are in general necessary, given the attribute
                 grammar. These notions are explained in terms of an
                 example grammar which describes the scope rules of
                 Algol 60. Practical questions, such as the relative
                 efficiency of different evaluation schemes, and the
                 ease of adapting the attribute grammar of a given
                 programming language to the left-to-right evaluation
                 scheme are discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4210 (Formal logic)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Montreal, Montreal, Que., Canada",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "Algol 60; attribute grammars; compilers; computer
                 programming languages; context free grammar;
                 context-free grammars; context-free languages;
                 derivation tree; eval class; left to right; multipass;
                 programming languages; semantic attributes",
  oldlabel =     "Bochmann76",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Bochmann76",
}

@Article{Wichmann:1976:TAC,
  author =       "B. A. Wichmann and B. Jones",
  title =        "Testing {ALGOL 60} Compilers",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "261--270",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380060212",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Winiger:1976:NOP,
  author =       "G. Winiger",
  title =        "A note on one-pass {{\tt CASE}} statement
                 compilation",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "32--36",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/987324.987329",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:07:50 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors)",
  corpsource =   "Purdue Univ. Computing Center, West Lafayette, IN,
                 USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOLW compiler; one pass CASE statement compilation;
                 parser generating; parser generating system; program
                 compilers; program interpreters; syntax; translation",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
}

@Book{Woodhouse:1976:APDc,
  author =       "David Woodhouse",
  title =        "{ALGOL 60} programming on the {DECSystem 10}",
  publisher =    "Department of Mathematics, La Trobe University",
  address =      "Bundoora, Victoria, Australia",
  pages =        "97",
  year =         "1976",
  ISBN =         "0-85816-066-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-85816-066-8",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 W64 1976",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:05 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1940--",
  subject =      "ALGOL 60 (Computer program language); DECsystem-10
                 (Computer); DECsystem-10 (Ordinateur); DECsystem-10
                 (Computer)",
}

@Book{Bajpai:1977:FA,
  author =       "Avi C. Bajpai",
  title =        "{Fortran} y Algol",
  publisher =    pub-EDITORIAL-LIMUSA,
  address =      pub-EDITORIAL-LIMUSA:adr,
  pages =        "265",
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Translation of: Fortran and Algol, a programmed course
                 for students of science and technology.",
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); {Fortran} (Computer
                 program language)",
}

@Article{Banatre:1977:POC,
  author =       "J. P. Banatre",
  title =        "Producing optimised code for coercions",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "56--59",
  day =          "??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 17 10:49:43 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4240 (Programming and algorithm theory); C6140D
                 (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "IRISA, Univ. de Rennes, Rennes, France",
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; coercions; optimised code;
                 programming theory",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Batson:1977:SSL,
  author =       "Alan P. Batson and Robert E. Brundage",
  title =        "Segment Sizes and Lifetimes in {Algol 60} Programs",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "36--44",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:23:53 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/Heaps.bib;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm20.html#BatsonB77;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  abstract =     "The characteristics of the virtual memory requirements
                 of a sample of Algol 60 programs have been measured.
                 Distributions are presented for the sizes of memory
                 requests and for their holding times (lifetimes). The
                 results are presented in terms of J. B. Johnston's
                 contour model and a simple abstract machine. They
                 provide new empirical evidence of certain aspects of
                 the construction and behavior of real programs, and
                 some of their implications for the design of virtual
                 memory systems are presented and discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6120 (File organisation)",
  classification = "722; 723",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "abstract; ALGOL; ALGOL 60; computer operating systems
                 --- Storage Allocation; computer programming languages
                 --- Algol; computer systems, digital; data storage,
                 digital; Johnston's contour model; machine; program
                 behaviour; segmentation; storage allocation; virtual
                 memory; virtual storage",
  oldlabel =     "BatsonB77",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/BatsonB77",
}

@Article{Bennett:1977:IPI,
  author =       "M. W. Bennett",
  title =        "Implementation of a {PDP11\slash ICL1900} cross
                 assembler in {Algol 68R}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "153--156",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68R; binary program; binary program error
                 diagnostics; code generation routines; error
                 diagnostics; lexical analyser; PDP11/ICL1900 cross
                 assembler; program assemblers; tree structured symbol
                 table",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Birrell:1977:SMA,
  author =       "Andrew D. Birrell",
  title =        "Storage management for {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "82--94",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6120 (File organisation); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; constructs; runtime storage management
                 techniques; stack storage; storage management",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Braid:1977:GMA,
  author =       "I. C. Braid and R. C. Hillyard",
  title =        "Geometric modelling in {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "168--174",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors); C7440 (Civil and
                 mechanical engineering computing)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Computer Lab., Cambridge Univ., Cambridge, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68 program; command interpreter;
                 compilation; computer graphics; data structures; disc;
                 engineering components; geometric modelling; geometric
                 modelling compilation; graphics package; heap;
                 mechanical engineering computing; program compilers",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
}

@Article{Brailsford:1977:RTPa,
  author =       "D. F. Brailsford and E. Foxley and K. C. Mander and D.
                 J. Morgan",
  title =        "Run-time profiling of {Algol 68-R} programs using
                 {DIDYMUS} and {SCAMP}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "27--35",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150G (Diagnostic,
                 testing, debugging and evaluating systems)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Math. Dept., Univ. of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68R programs; counting routines;
                 histogram; language constructs; loader map;
                 multitasking; program diagnostics; runtime profiling",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
}

@Article{Brownlee:1977:ABI,
  author =       "J. Nevil Brownlee",
  title =        "An {Algol}-based implementation of {SNOBOL 4}
                 patterns",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "527--529",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:28:32 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm20.html#Brownlee77;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/string-matching.bib",
  abstract =     "When a string appears as the subject of a SNOBOL4
                 statement, it may be scanned to see whether or not it
                 contains a specified pattern. However, since the
                 scanner is fundamentally an interpreter (using pattern
                 graphs as its input code), pattern matching appears to
                 be a time-consuming process. This paper describes an
                 alternative approach in which SNOBOL4 patterns are
                 compiled into Algol functions, which can be combined
                 into larger (more complicated) patterns, and which are
                 directly executed. It was developed as part of the
                 implementation of ``Snobal\slash 67'', a Burroughs
                 B6700 compiler for a SNOBAL4-like language.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New
                 Zealand",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; compiled; computer operating systems ---
                 Program Compilers; computer programming languages;
                 implementation; pattern recognition systems; patterns;
                 procedure oriented languages; SNOBOL 4",
  oldlabel =     "Brownlee77",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Brownlee77",
}

@Article{Carpenter:1977:OTM,
  author =       "B. E. Carpenter and R. W. Doran",
  title =        "The other {Turing} machine",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "269--279",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/20.3.269",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:00 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/20/3.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/turing-alan-mathison.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib;
                 Theory/CLiCS.bib",
  note =         "Hodges page 318 note 6.1.",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/20/3/269.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_03/tiff/269.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_03/tiff/270.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_03/tiff/271.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_03/tiff/272.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_03/tiff/273.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_03/tiff/274.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_03/tiff/275.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_03/tiff/276.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_03/tiff/277.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_03/tiff/278.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_03/tiff/279.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C5220 (Computer architecture)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Massey Univ., Palmerston
                 North, New Zealand",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "computer architecture; detailed proposal; micromachine
                 architecture; stack; stored program computer;
                 subroutines; Turing",
  remark =       "On pages 271--272, the authors comment on Turing's
                 1945 report: ``The Turing branching mechanism quoted
                 above is used in recursive function theory.'' They then
                 show that Turing's subroutine call instructions in
                 modern terms would involve PUSH and POP pairs on a
                 software stack [even though the Pilot ACE, ACE, and
                 DEUCE at the National Physical Laboratory in Teddington
                 (a SW London, UK, suburb) did not use stacks], and that
                 idea would mean that procedures could be recursive.
                 That predates by a few years the Bauer and Samelson
                 patents on software stacks (1957--1962). Recursion was
                 not supported in Algol 58, and whether to include it in
                 Algol 60 was a matter of long and heated debate --- it
                 eventually became a required part of the language",
  treatment =    "G General Review; P Practical",
}

@Book{Colin:1977:PPS,
  author =       "Andrew John Theodore Colin",
  title =        "Programming and problem-solving in {Algol 68}",
  publisher =    pub-MACMILLAN,
  address =      pub-MACMILLAN:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 251",
  year =         "1977",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03561-8",
  ISBN =         "0-333-21716-0 (paperback); 0-333-23115-5 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-333-21716-0 (paperback); 978-0-333-23115-9
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 C64",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Macmillan computer science series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1936--",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); Computer
                 programming; Problem solving; Data processing; ALGOL
                 (Langage de programmation); Programmation
                 (Informatique); computer programming; ALGOL (Computer
                 program language); Computer programming; Data
                 processing",
}

@Article{Cousot:1977:SDDa,
  author =       "Patrick Cousot and Radhia Cousot",
  title =        "Static determination of dynamic properties of
                 generalized type unions",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "77--94",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 25 11:46:37 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6120 (File organisation); C6150G (Diagnostic,
                 testing, debugging and evaluating systems)",
  conflocation = "Raleigh, NC, USA; 28-30 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of an ACM Conference on Language Design
                 for Reliable Software",
  corpsource =   "Lab. d'Informatique, Univ. Sci. et Medicale, Grenoble,
                 France",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; data type security; error detection; EUCLID;
                 integer subrange; PASCAL; programming languages;
                 security of data; type unions; type
                 verification/discovery",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Cousot:1977:SDDb,
  author =       "Patrick Cousot and Radhia Cousot",
  title =        "Static determination of dynamic properties of
                 generalized type unions",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "77--94",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/390019.808314",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:11:19 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft1970.bib",
  abstract =     "The classical programming languages such as PASCAL or
                 ALGOL 68 do not provide full data type security.
                 Run-time errors are not precluded on basic operations.
                 Type safety necessitates a refinement of the data type
                 notion which allows subtypes. The compiler must also be
                 able to ensure that basic operations are applicable.
                 This verification consists in determining a local
                 subtype of globally declared variables or constants.
                 This may be achieved by improved compiler capabilities
                 to analyze the program properties or by language
                 constructs which permit the expression of these
                 properties. Both approaches are discussed and
                 illustrated by the problems of access to records via
                 pointers, access to variants of record structures,
                 determination of disjoint collections of linked
                 records, and determination of integer subrange. Both
                 approaches are complementary and a balance must be
                 found between what must be specified by the programmer
                 and what must be discovered by the compiler.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
  remark =       "Proceedings of an ACM conference on Language design
                 for reliable software.",
}

@Article{Craven:1977:DTA,
  author =       "P. G. Craven",
  title =        "Derivatives without tears in {Algol 68}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "19--26",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4120 (Functional analysis); C4160 (Numerical
                 integration and differentiation); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Computer Lab., Univ. of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; differentiation; expression tree;
                 function evaluation; function evaluation algorithm;
                 partial derivatives; program text",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Day:1977:AGP,
  author =       "A. C. Day",
  title =        "Algorithm 95: Generating a parity testing table",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "280--280",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/20.3.280",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 26 14:17:15 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_03/tiff/280.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6130 (Data handling techniques)",
  corpsource =   "Computer Centre, Univ. Coll. London, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60 procedure; constructs; data handling; parity
                 testing table; subroutines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Delves:1977:AFG,
  author =       "L. M. Delves and L. F. {Abd.El Al}",
  title =        "Algorithm 97: The fast {Galerkin} algorithm for the
                 solution of linear {Fredholm} equations",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "374--376",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/20.4.374",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/374.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/375.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/376.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C4130 (Interpolation and function approximation);
                 C4140 (Linear algebra); C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computational and Statistical Sci., Univ. of
                 Liverpool, Liverpool, UK",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL68; fast Galerkin algorithm; iterative methods;
                 linear algebra; linear Fredholm equations; routine;
                 subroutines",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Delves:1977:ALE,
  author =       "L. M. Delves",
  title =        "Algorithm 96: a linear equation solver for {Galerkin}
                 and least squares methods",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "371--374",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/20.4.371",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/371.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/372.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/373.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/374.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C4130 (Interpolation and function approximation);
                 C4140 (Linear algebra); C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computational and Statistical Sci., Univ. of
                 Liverpool, Liverpool, UK",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL68; Galerkin; iterative methods; least squares;
                 linear algebra; linear equation solver; routine;
                 subroutines",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@InProceedings{Delves:1977:ALN,
  author =       "L. M. Delves",
  title =        "{Algol 68} as a language for numerical software",
  crossref =     "Cowell:1977:PNS",
  pages =        "95--126",
  year =         "1977",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-08446-0_38",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 11 15:15:52 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Delves:1977:LES,
  author =       "L. M. Delves",
  title =        "Algorithm 96: {A} linear equation solver for
                 {Galerkin} and least squares methods",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "371--374",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/371.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/372.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/373.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/374.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C4130 (Interpolation and function approximation);
                 C4140 (Linear algebra); C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computational and Statistical Sci., Univ. of
                 Liverpool, Liverpool, UK",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL68; Galerkin; iterative methods; least squares;
                 linear algebra; linear equation solver; routine;
                 subroutines",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{DeMorgan:1977:SAR,
  author =       "R. M. {De Morgan} and I. D. Hill and B. A. Wichmann",
  title =        "A supplement to the {ALGOL 60} revised report",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "52--66",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 25 11:46:37 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 60; revised report; supplement",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Dershowitz:1977:IRP,
  author =       "Nachum Dershowitz and Zohar Manna",
  title =        "Inference rules for program annotation",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-77-631 (AIM-303, AD-A050806)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "46",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 7 07:00:05 MST 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "http://i.stanford.edu/TR/CS-TR-77-631.html;
                 https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA050806.pdf",
  abstract =     "Methods are presented whereby an Algol-like program,
                 given together with its specifications, can be
                 documented automatically. The program is incrementally
                 annotated with invariant relationships that hold
                 between program variables at intermediate points in the
                 program and explain the actual workings of the program
                 regardless of whether the program is correct. Thus this
                 documentation can be used for proving the correctness
                 of the program or may serve as an aid in the debugging
                 of an incorrect program. The annotation techniques are
                 formulated as Hoare-like inference rules which derive
                 invariants from the assignment statements, from the
                 control structure of the program, or, heuristically,
                 from suggested invariants. The application of these
                 rules is demonstrated by two examples which have run on
                 an experimental implementation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "54",
  remark =       "The ADA0050806 PDF file is OCR'ed scans of microfiche
                 page images, but the Stanford version is clean.",
  xxnumber =     "CS-TR-77-631",
}

@Article{Donahue:1977:LCU,
  author =       "James E. Donahue",
  title =        "Locations Considered Unnecessary",
  journal =      j-ACTA-INFO,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "221--242",
  day =          "9",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "AINFA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-5903 (print), 1432-0525 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 11:33:01 2026",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/HBP/ACTAI.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/actainfo.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  abstract =     "Recent papers have attacked the use of locations, or
                 pointers, as data objects in programs. This paper
                 considers a generalization of this attack -- attempting
                 to remove locations from the underlying semantic model.
                 Using the ``mathematical semantics'' of Scott and
                 Strachey, we show that reference parameters and Algol
                 scope rules for procedures, two constructs requiring
                 the notion of reference, can be replaced with
                 alternative constructs not requiring locations in the
                 definition. Some conclusions are also drawn about the
                 use of mathematical semantics as a language design
                 tool.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Acta Inf.",
  checked =      "19940503",
  fjournal =     "Acta Informatica",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/236",
  keywords =     "denotational semantics; programming language design",
  refs =         "9",
  sjb =          "Gives a denotational definition of a simple
                 Pascal-like language using call-by-reference semantics
                 but with the restriction that each parameter must be
                 distinct and that no parameter can also be accessed as
                 a global variable. Then gives another definition using
                 call-by-value-result semantics with the same
                 restrictions. Then goes on to prove that the semantics
                 are weakly equivalent (that's my term, not his). Based
                 on this, it is possible to remove locations completely
                 if global variables are removed. Such a definition is
                 given. Since this is a major restriction, another
                 definition is given in which this restriction is
                 weakened by introducing ``modules'' which delimit the
                 scope of variables. Again a definition of the semantics
                 is given. There are limitations though, assignments to
                 array components cannot be dealt with directly, and
                 passing components of arrays cannot be allowed. In each
                 case, alternatives are suggested.",
}

@Article{Edwards:1977:PLS,
  author =       "Roy Edwards",
  title =        "Is {Pascal} a logical subset of {Algol 68} or not?
                 {Part One}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "184--191",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Royal Holloway Coll., Univ. of London, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; PASCAL; structured programming;
                 structuring",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Evans:1977:ACB,
  author =       "D. J. Evans and S. A. Smith",
  title =        "Algorithm 99: On the construction of balanced binary
                 trees for parallel processing",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "378--379",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/20.4.378",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 06 16:53:41 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/378.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/379.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C5230 (Digital arithmetic methods)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Studies, Loughborough Univ. of
                 Technol., Loughborough, UK",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "(mathematics); ALGOL 68; arithmetic expression;
                 balanced binary trees; construction; digital
                 arithmetic; parallel processing; routine; subroutines;
                 trees",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Foster:1977:ADF,
  author =       "J. M. Foster and P. D. Foster",
  title =        "Abstract data and functors",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "161--167",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4240 (Programming and algorithm theory)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Royal Signals and Radar Establ., Malvern, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "abstract data; data structures; functors; libraries of
                 algorithms; programming theory; representation; system
                 documentation",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Gardner:1977:TA,
  author =       "P. J. Gardner",
  title =        "A transportation of {ALGOL 68C}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "95--101",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Essex, Colchester, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; bootstrap transportation; Cambridge ALGOL68C
                 compiler; external appearances; operating system
                 interface; program compilers",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical; X Experimental",
}

@Article{Grune:1977:TDS,
  author =       "Dick Grune",
  title =        "Towards the design of a super-language of {ALGOL 68}
                 for the {Standard Prelude} (Excerpt)",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "78--81",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Math. Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; computational linguistics; machine
                 independent standard prelude; program compilers; SIZETY
                 definitions; superlanguage design",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Hamlet:1977:IAC,
  author =       "Richard Hamlet",
  title =        "Ignorance of {ALGOL 68} considered harmful",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "51--56",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:03 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Univ. of Maryland, College
                 Park, MD, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "algol; algol 68",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Hansen:1977:RSH,
  author =       "Wilfrid J. Hansen and Hendrik Boom",
  title =        "The report on the standard hardware representation for
                 {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "80--87",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 25 11:46:37 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; standard hardware representation",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Haubitz:1977:PZA,
  author =       "I. Haubitz",
  title =        "{Programme zum Zeichnen von allgemeinen
                 Fl{\"a}chenst{\"u}cken}. ({German}) [{Programs} drawing
                 pieces of surfaces]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "295--315",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 04 07:34:30 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date)",
  ZMnumber =     "372.50006",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ. Wurzburg, Wurzburg, West Germany",
  classification = "C6130B",
  description =  "computer graphics",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  keywords =     "ALGOL program; computer drawing; curves; hidden lines
                 suppressed; pictures; pieces of surfaces; stereoscopic
                 viewing",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Haynes:1977:AAC,
  author =       "Leonard S. Haynes",
  title =        "The architecture of an {ALGOL 60} computer implemented
                 with distributed processors",
  journal =      j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "95--104",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CANED2",
  ISSN =         "0163-5964 (ACM), 0884-7495 (IEEE)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5964",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 12 09:41:30 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigarch.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigarch",
}

@Article{Hedrick:1977:AIO,
  author =       "G. E. Hedrick",
  title =        "{ALGOL68} instruction at {Oklahoma State University}",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "16--20",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/382175.803425",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 18 08:53:57 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1970.bib",
  note =         "Special issue on the Eighth Technical Symposium on
                 Computer Science Education.",
  abstract =     "At Oklahoma State University ALGOL68 is taught to
                 students whose background in programming consists
                 primarily of programming in FORTRAN. Frequently, they
                 have had some experience with PL/1 although it is not
                 so extensive as their experience with FORTRAN. PL/1 is
                 usually the only block structured language to which the
                 students have been exposed. The students who study
                 ALGOL68 are typically seniors, although there are some
                 graduate students, and an occasional lowerclassman.
                 Almost none of these students has any experience with
                 ALGOL 60 or any ALGOL-like language at the time he
                 begins his study of ALGOL68. About half of them have
                 had limited experience with formal specification of
                 programming languages. The students learn ALGOL68 in
                 one of three formats depending upon the number of
                 students enrolled at a given time. The most elaborate
                 treatment is given when there are enough students to
                 justify a faculty member spending one-quarter of his
                 time teaching the class as a special topics lecture
                 course. This is the mode of instruction that is
                 preferred by the students. A smaller group of students
                 covers the same material in a seminar format rather
                 than a lecture format; the students in the seminar do
                 not have the same access to faculty as do students in a
                 special topics lecture course. The final mode of
                 instruction is individual study; it is this
                 instructional format which is used when only one or two
                 students enroll for ALGOL68. In this format the
                 students work almost entirely on their own except that
                 they do have access to a faculty member when they
                 cannot adequately resolve their questions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@InProceedings{Hemker:1977:CTA,
  author =       "Pieter W. Hemker",
  editor =       "W. Cowell",
  booktitle =    "Portability of numerical software",
  title =        "Criteria for transportable {Algol} libraries",
  crossref =     "Cowell:1977:PNS",
  volume =       "57",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "145--157",
  year =         "1977",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-08446-0_40",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 11 15:15:52 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hemker-pieter-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  series =       "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hennell:1977:QTE,
  author =       "M. A. Hennell and D. Hedley and M. R. Woodward",
  title =        "Quantifying the test effectiveness of {Algol 68}
                 programs",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "36--41",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150G (Diagnostic,
                 testing, debugging and evaluating systems)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computational and Statistical Sci., Univ. of
                 Liverpool, Liverpool, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68 programs; library routines; program
                 testing; routine execution history; software testbed;
                 static analysis; system documentation; test
                 effectiveness",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical; X Experimental",
}

@Article{Hibbard:1977:SA,
  author =       "P. G. Hibbard",
  title =        "A sublanguage of {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "71--79",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 25 11:46:37 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; sublanguage",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Holdsworth:1977:SIA,
  author =       "D. Holdsworth",
  title =        "System implementation in {Algol} $ 68$-R",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "331--339",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380070304",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 10 12:36:39 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Hoskins:1977:ANS,
  author =       "W. D. Hoskins and G. E. McMaster",
  title =        "Algorithm 98: {A} note on the solution of certain
                 tridiagonal systems of linear equations",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "376--378",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/20.4.376",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 06 16:53:53 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/376.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/377.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_04/tiff/378.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4140 (Linear algebra); C7310 (Mathematics
                 computing)",
  corpsource =   "Computer Sci. Dept., Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg,
                 Man., Canada",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; linear algebra; linear equations; routine;
                 solution; subroutines; tridiagonal systems",
}

@Article{Housden:1977:CSP,
  author =       "R. J. W. Housden and N. Kotarski",
  title =        "Character string pattern matching in {Algol 68}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "144--152",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/string-matching.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150E (General
                 utility programs)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; character string pattern matching;
                 data handling; modes; operators; pattern recognition;
                 procedures; SNOBOL 4",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Houssais:1977:VAI,
  author =       "Bernard Houssais",
  title =        "Verification of an {Algol 68} implementation",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "117--128",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors); C6150G (Diagnostic,
                 testing, debugging and evaluating systems)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Univ. de Rennes, Rennes, France",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68 implementation; compiler;
                 constructions; error analysis; errors; formal grammars;
                 program compilers; program testing; reference language;
                 semantic verifications; syntactic structure; test
                 programs",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical; X Experimental",
}

@Article{Hunter:1977:LVL,
  author =       "R. B. Hunter and A. D. McGettrick and R. Patel",
  title =        "{LL} versus {LR} parsing with illustrations from
                 {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "49--53",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors); C6150G (Diagnostic,
                 testing, debugging and evaluating systems)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Strathclyde, Strathclyde, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; LR parsing; program compilers;
                 program diagnostics",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Jansen:1977:RLF,
  author =       "J. K. M. Jansen",
  title =        "Remark on {``Algorithm 259: Legendre Functions for
                 Arguments Larger than One''}",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "204--250",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 05 16:50:50 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Gautschi:1965:ALF}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Legendre functions; special functions",
}

@Unpublished{Janssen:1977:EPI,
  author =       "Theo Janssen and Peter van Emde Boas",
  title =        "The expressive power of intensional logic in the
                 semantics of programming languages: (preprint)",
  number =       "ZW 98/77",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Unpublished{Janssen:1977:PTR,
  author =       "Theo Janssen and Peter van Emde Boas",
  title =        "On the proper treatment of referencing, dereferencing
                 and assignment: (preprint)",
  number =       "ZW 94/77",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Unpublished{Janssen:1977:SMG,
  author =       "Theo Janssen",
  title =        "Simulation of a {Montague} grammar: (preprint)",
  number =       "ZW 74/77",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kaletzky:1977:POL,
  author =       "A. Kaletzky and D. W. Lewin",
  title =        "Problem orientated language for logic design",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "163--169",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/20.2.163",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:47:59 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/20/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/20/2/163.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_02/tiff/163.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_02/tiff/164.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_02/tiff/165.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_02/tiff/166.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_02/tiff/167.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_02/tiff/168.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_20/Issue_02/tiff/169.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C5210B (Computer-aided logic design); C6140D (High
                 level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Electrical Engng. and Electronics, Brunel
                 Univ., Uxbridge, UK",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; CAD; CALD; functional specification;
                 language; logic CAD; logic design; problem oriented
                 languages",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
}

@InProceedings{Kemp:1977:WEF,
  author =       "P. Kemp",
  title =        "Writing the elementary function procedures for the
                 {ALGOL68C} compiler",
  crossref =     "Cowell:1977:PNS",
  pages =        "127--144",
  year =         "1977",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-08446-0_39",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 11 15:15:52 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Kerner:1977:SAI,
  author =       "I. O. Kerner",
  title =        "A sublanguage of {ALGOL 68} and its implementation",
  crossref =     "Ershov:1977:MAL",
  pages =        "246--250",
  year =         "1977",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-08065-1_15",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 07:30:53 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Koch:1977:BAI,
  author =       "Wilfried Koch and Christoph Oeters",
  title =        "The {Berlin ALGOL 68} implementation",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "102--108",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Fachbereich Informatik, Softwaretech., Tech. Univ.
                 Berlin, Berlin, West Germany",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68 implementation; compilation; compiler;
                 precompilation; program compilers",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "G General Review; P Practical",
}

@Book{Korhecz:1977:KSP,
  author =       "Imre Korhecz",
  title =        "Ketnyelvu szamitogepes programok: {ALGOL 60} es
                 {FORTRAN} programozasi nyelvu programok tervezese,
                 irasa es elemzese. ({Hungarian}) [{Bilingual} computer
                 programs: design, writing and analysis of programs in
                 the {ALGOL 60} and {FORTRAN} programming languages]",
  publisher =    "Egyetemi Szamitokozpont",
  address =      "Budapest, Hungary",
  pages =        "368",
  year =         "1977",
  ISBN =         "963-451-020-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-963-451-020-8",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  note =         "Two volumes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Includes bibliographical references and indexes.",
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); Combinatorial
                 analysis --- Data processing; FORTRAN (Computer program
                 language)",
  language =     "Hungarian",
}

@Book{Lindsey:1977:IIA,
  author =       "C. H. Lindsey and S. G. van der Meulen",
  title =        "Informal Introduction to {ALGOL 68}",
  publisher =    pub-NORTH-HOLLAND,
  address =      pub-NORTH-HOLLAND:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "viii + 361",
  year =         "1977",
  ISBN =         "0-7204-0504-1, 0-7204-0726-5 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7204-0504-0, 978-0-7204-0726-6 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 M47 1977",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 16:37:32 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://books.google.com/books?id=8moZAQAAIAAJ;
                 https://softwarepreservation.computerhistory.org/ALGOL/book/Lindsey_van_der_Meulen-IItA68-Revised.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Translated to Russian by L. Leifman, MIR Publishers,
                 Moscow, USSR, 1977.",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); Computer
                 programming; ALGOL (Langage de programmation);
                 Programmation (Informatique); computer programming;
                 ALGOL (Computer program language); Computer
                 programming.",
}

@Article{Loveman:1977:PIS,
  author =       "David B. Loveman",
  title =        "Program Improvement by Source-to-Source
                 Transformation",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "121--145",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411 (print), 1557-735X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 15 18:12:53 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/opt.compiler.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jacm.bib",
  abstract =     "The use of source-to-source program transformations
                 has proved valuable in improving program performance.
                 The concept of program manipulation is elucidated by
                 describing its role in both conventional optimization
                 and high level modification of conditional, looping,
                 and procedure structures. An example program fragment
                 written in an Algol-like language is greatly improved
                 by transformations enabled by a user-provided assertion
                 about a data array. A compilation model based on the
                 use of source-to-source program transformations is used
                 to provide a framework for discussing issues of code
                 generation, compilation of high level languages such as
                 APL, and eliminating overhead commonly associated with
                 modular structured programming. Application of the
                 compilation model to several different languages is
                 discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Assoc. Comput. Mach.",
  classification = "723",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/jacm",
  journalabr =   "J Assoc Comput Mach",
  keywords =     "computer programming; optimization compilation",
}

@Article{Pagan:1977:AIL,
  author =       "Frank G. Pagan",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68} as an implementation language for portable
                 interpreters",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "54--62",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld.,
                 Canada",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; conceptual clarity; data structures;
                 efficiency; implementation language; machine
                 independence; miniature data structures; miniature
                 sample language; mutually recursive procedures;
                 portable interpreters; program interpreters;
                 programming methodology; source programs",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Book{Poigne:1977:SPR,
  author =       "A. Poign{\'e} and H. Huwig",
  title =        "{Sprachkonzepte in der Programmierung: eine
                 rekursionsorientierte Einf{\"u}hrung in eine
                 ALGOL-68-{\"a}hnlich Sprache}. ({German}) [{Language}
                 concepts in programming: a recursion-oriented
                 introduction to an {ALGOL-68}-like language]",
  publisher =    "Abteiling Informatik, Universit{\"a}t Dortmund",
  address =      "Dortmund, West Germany",
  pages =        "130 columns",
  year =         "1977",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 P64",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Bericht - Abteilung Informatik, Universit{\"a}t
                 Dortmund; Nr. 46",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Summary also in English.",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); Programming
                 languages (Electronic computers); Recursion theory",
}

@Article{Prudom:1977:SPC,
  author =       "A. Prudom and M. A. Hennell",
  title =        "Some problems concerning the automatic translation of
                 {Fortran} to {Algol 68}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "138--143",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computational and Statistical Sci., Univ. of
                 Liverpool, Liverpool, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; automatic translation; FORTRAN;
                 implementation; program interpreters",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Ratcliff:1977:ASP,
  author =       "Bryan Ratcliff",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68} and structured programming for
                 learner-programmers",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "157--160",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C0220 (Computing education and training); C6110
                 (Systems analysis and programming); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Aston, Birmingham, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; beginners; computer science
                 education; data structuring; procedurisation;
                 programming philosophy; structured programming;
                 teaching",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Rayward-Smith:1977:UPL,
  author =       "V. J. Rayward-Smith",
  title =        "Using procedures in list processing",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "179--183",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150E (General
                 utility programs)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; infinite list; infinite list
                 problems; linear lists; list processing; procedures;
                 programming; scoping problems",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Scowen:1977:DFA,
  author =       "R. S. Scowen",
  title =        "The diagnostic facilities in {Algol} and {Fortran}
                 compilers",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Division of Numerical Analysis and Computing, National
                 Physical Laboratory",
  address =      "Teddington, Middlesex",
  pages =        "43",
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "``NPL report NAC 81'' Bibliography: p. 42-43.",
  keywords =     "Compilers (Computer programs).",
}

@Article{Shave:1977:SUT,
  author =       "M. J. R. Shave",
  title =        "The simulation and use of a {TABLE} data type in
                 {Algol W}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "733--745",
  month =        nov # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380070608",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Simonet:1977:ADS,
  author =       "M. Simonet",
  title =        "An attribute description of a subset of {Algol 68}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "129--137",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4210 (Formal logic); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Grenoble, Grenoble, France",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; attribute grammar; context sensitive aspects;
                 context-free grammars; definition; subset of ALGOL 68;
                 W- grammars",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Book{Stiller:1977:AD,
  author =       "Gerd Stiller",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68, Datenorganisation}. ({German}) [{ALGOL 68},
                 Data Organization]",
  publisher =    pub-OLDENBOURG,
  address =      pub-OLDENBOURG:adr,
  pages =        "160",
  year =         "1977",
  ISBN =         "3-486-39931-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-486-39931-8",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 S74 1977",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Reihe Datenverarbeitung",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "``Die vorliegende Schrift stellt einen zweiten,
                 erg{\"a}nzenden Teil zu dem \ldots{} Heft ''ALGOL 68,
                 Begriffe und Ausdrucksmittel' dar.``.",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{Szoke:1977:SRN,
  author =       "P{\'e}ter Sz{\"o}ke",
  title =        "Some remarks on new instances and garbage collection",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "42--48",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6120 (File organisation); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Res. Inst. for Appl. Computer Sci., Budapest,
                 Hungary",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; bubble; file organisation; garbage
                 collection; heap; memory organization; runtime storage
                 management; runtime storage management organization;
                 stack; storage management",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Tanenbaum:1977:CTA,
  author =       "Andrew S. Tanenbaum",
  title =        "Corrigenda: {``A Tutorial on Algol 68''}",
  journal =      j-COMP-SURV,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "255--256",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CMSVAN",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/356698.356706",
  ISSN =         "0010-4892",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 19 09:21:35 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/surveys/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compsurv.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Tanenbaum:1976:TA}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Computing Surveys",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J204",
}

@Article{Taupin:1977:ACP,
  author =       "Daniel Taupin",
  title =        "The {ALGOL 68} compiler of {Paris-XI University
                 (Orsay)}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "109--116",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Lab. de Phys. des Solides, CNRS, Orsay, France",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68 compiler; equivalence recognition;
                 flexible arrays; formats; parallel computation;
                 parallel processing; program compilers; recursive
                 modes; relocatable code; scope checking; unions",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
}

@Article{Tennent:1977:LDM,
  author =       "Robert D. Tennent",
  title =        "Language Design Methods Based on Semantic Principles",
  journal =      j-ACTA-INFO,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "97--112",
  day =          "24",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "AINFA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-5903 (print), 1432-0525 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 11:33:15 2026",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/prog.lang.theory.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/allison.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/HBP/ACTAI.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/leavens.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/actainfo.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "See remarks \cite{Berry:1981:RRD}.",
  abstract =     "Two language design methods based on principles
                 derived from the denotational approach to programming
                 language semantics are described and illustrated by an
                 application to the language Pascal. The principles are,
                 firstly, the correspondence between parametric and
                 declarative mechanisms, and secondly, a principle of
                 abstraction for programming languages adapted from set
                 theory. Several useful extensions and generalizations
                 of Pascal emerge by applying these principles,
                 including a solution to the array parameter problem,
                 and a modularization facility.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Acta Inf.",
  checked =      "19940503",
  fjournal =     "Acta Informatica",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/236",
  keywords =     "denotation semantics; DS; L4REF; language design;
                 orthogonal orthogonality module; Pascal; principle of
                 correspondence",
  refs =         "45",
  sjb =          "Defines the principle of correspondence and then lists
                 9 cases where Pascal fails to uphold it. Describes a
                 revised version of Pascal that avoids the highlighted
                 problems and extends Pascal to new areas including
                 generic parameters. Amongst the good suggestions is to
                 introduce {\tt private} {\em decls} {\tt within} {\em
                 more-decls} which allows {\em decls} to be used inside
                 {\em more-decls} but only allowing {\em more-decls} to
                 be externally visible. The paper is full of good ideas
                 like this. Many of the suggestions have now (1994) been
                 adopted by other languages.",
}

@Article{Thomson:1977:ECT,
  author =       "C. M. Thomson",
  title =        "Error checking, tracing, and dumping in an {ALGOL 68}
                 checkout compiler",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "106--111",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:06 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors); C6150G (Diagnostic,
                 testing, debugging and evaluating systems)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; checkout compiler; dumping; error
                 checking; FLASC system; program compilers; program
                 debugging; tracing",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{vanderMeulen:1977:AMB,
  author =       "S. G. van der Meulen",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68} might-have-beens",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "1--18",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/872738.807137",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  note =         "See related article \cite{Trilling:1988:ACI}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Math. Inst. Vakgr Informatica, Univ. of Utrecht,
                 Netherlands",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; compilers; expressive power; program
                 compilers; superlanguage features",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@TechReport{vanderMeulen:1977:DVL,
  author =       "S. G. van der Meulen and M. Veldhorst",
  title =        "Datastructuren voor lineaire ruimten ``{Torrix}''.
                 ({Dutch}) [{Data} structures for linear spaces
                 ``{Torrix}'']",
  type =         "Technical report",
  number =       "RUU-CS-77-01",
  institution =  "Universiteit Utrecht",
  address =      "Utrecht, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 11:46:37 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://research-portal.uu.nl/en/publications/datastructuren-voor-lineaire-ruimten-torrix/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-pm,
  remark =       "Report seems not to be available online.",
}

@Article{VanLeeuwen:1977:REL,
  author =       "Jan {Van Leeuwen}",
  title =        "Recursively enumerable languages and {van Wijngaarden}
                 grammars",
  journal =      j-INDAG-MATH-PROC,
  volume =       "80",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "29--39",
  year =         "1977",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/1385-7258(77)90045-2",
  ISSN =         "1385-7258 (print), 1878-5972 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1385-7258",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 08:38:15 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Indagationes Mathematicae (Proceedings)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13857258",
}

@Article{Vansina:1977:DDM,
  author =       "C. F. Vansina",
  title =        "Description of dynamic manipulation of {ALGOL 68}
                 values using a generative grammar",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "63--70",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4210 (Formal logic); C4240 (Programming and
                 algorithm theory); C6140D (High level languages);
                 C6150G (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating
                 systems)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Royal Military Acad., Brussels, Belgium",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68 values; checking; computational
                 complexity; debugging; dynamic manipulation; generative
                 action grammar; grammars; program debugging;
                 recursivity; structured program; structured
                 programming; structured programming debugging",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{vanVliet:1977:TMI,
  author =       "J. C. {van Vliet}",
  title =        "Towards a machine-independent transput section",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "71--77",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/800238.807145",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  abstract =     "If the transput section of an ALGOL-68 compiler is to
                 be portable, it must be described in such a way that it
                 is clear which aspects are machine-dependent, and which
                 are not. There should be a clear set of primitives
                 underlying the transput. In this report, a description
                 is proposed which can really be used as an
                 implementation model: the transput is described in
                 pseudo-ALGOL 68, except for the underlying primitives,
                 whose semantics are given in some kind of formalized
                 English. The state of this model is by no means
                 definitive, but may serve as a start for further
                 discussion",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Math. Centrum, Amsterdam, Netherlands",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68 compiler; implementation model;
                 machine independent transput section; primitives;
                 program compilers; semantics",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{vanWijngaarden:1977:RRA,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden and B. J. Mailloux and J. E. L.
                 Peck and C. H. A. Koster and Michel Sintzoff and C. H.
                 Lindsey and L. G. L. T. Meertens and R. G. Fisker",
  title =        "Revised report on the algorithmic language {ALGOL
                 68}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "1--70",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/954652.1781176",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 25 11:46:37 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/954652.1781176;
                 https://five.sh/files/pdf/Technology/RR-ALGOL-68.pdf;
                 https://softwarepreservation.computerhistory.org/ALGOL/report/Algol68_revised_report-AB-600dpi.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68; algorithmic language",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Book{Vowels:1977:AFI,
  author =       "Robin A. Vowels",
  title =        "{ALGOL 60} and {FORTRAN IV}",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "x + 173",
  year =         "1977",
  ISBN =         "0-471-91192-5 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-91192-0 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 V68",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Published in Australia: 1974. Includes index.
                 Bibliography: p.166-168.",
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); Computer systems
                 --- Programming languages: Algol 60 language; Computer
                 systems --- Programming languages: Fortran language;
                 Electronic digital computers --- Programming.; FORTRAN
                 (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{West:1977:MRT,
  author =       "P. R. West",
  title =        "A {Multi Radar Tracking} simulation using {ALGOL
                 68'R}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "175--178",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:05 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C7410F
                 (Communications computing)",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 29-31 March 1977",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Plessey Radar Ltd., Weybridge, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 68R; chaining mechanisms; digital
                 simulation; feasibility; modularity; multi radar
                 tracking simulation; radar systems; simulation models;
                 structures; tracking systems",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
}

@PhdThesis{Winklmann:1977:TSS,
  author =       "Karl Andreas Winklmann",
  title =        "A theoretical study of some aspects of parameter
                 passing in {ALGOL 60} and in similar programming
                 languages",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} thesis",
  school =       "Purdue University",
  address =      "West Lafayette, IN, USA",
  pages =        "ix + 122",
  year =         "1977",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 06 08:55:34 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.proquest.com/docview/302849877",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Karl Andreas Winklmann (1950--)",
}

@Article{Wirth:1977:WCW,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth",
  title =        "What Can We Do about the Unnecessary Diversity of
                 Notation for Syntactic Definitions?",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "822--823",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/359863.359883",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 07:30:27 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm20.html#Wirth77a;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://pascal.hansotten.com/uploads/wirth/What%20can%20we%20do%20Notation%20EBNF.pdf",
  abstract =     "The population of programming languages is steadily
                 growing, and there is no end of this growth in sight.
                 Many language definitions appear in journals, many are
                 found in technical reports, and perhaps an even greater
                 number remains confined to proprietary circles. After
                 frequent exposure to these definitions, one cannot fail
                 to notice the lack of common denominators. The only
                 widely accepted fact is that the language structure is
                 defined by a syntax. But even notation for syntactic
                 description eludes any commonly agreed standard form,
                 although the underlying ancestor is invariably the
                 Backus-Naur Form of the Algol 60 report. As variations
                 are often only slight, they become annoying for their
                 very lack of an apparent motivation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
  classcodes =   "C4210 (Formal logic); C4240 (Programming and algorithm
                 theory); C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Federal Inst. of Technol., ETH, Zurich, Switzerland",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "extended BNF; notation; programming languages;
                 syntactic definitions; syntactic description language",
  numpages =     "2",
  oldlabel =     "Wirth77a",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Wirth77a",
}

@Article{Zimmermann:1977:MSH,
  author =       "Gerhard Zimmermann",
  title =        "Microprogram structures for high level language
                 elements",
  journal =      j-SIGMICRO,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "47--54",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "SIGMDJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1014196.803315",
  ISSN =         "0163-5751, 1050-916X",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5751",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 16 10:27:21 MDT 2021",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmicro.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1014196.803315",
  abstract =     "Some elements of ALGOL-like languages consume much
                 computer time, if they are coded on the machine
                 instruction level. The examples of this paper show that
                 this time and the number of program steps can be
                 drastically reduced by microprogramming and \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigmicro",
}

@Manual{Anonymous:1978:RCA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "The {RS} Compiler for {ALGOL 68}",
  organization = "Defence Research Agency",
  address =      "Malvern, UK",
  pages =        "vi + 75",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 30 14:36:08 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://sites.google.com/site/programmingquodlibet/a68toc",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "84",
  shorttableofcontents = "1 Introduction / 1 \\
                 2 Stream Language Output / 3 \\
                 3 Implementation / 9 \\
                 4 The Compiler Shell / 11 \\
                 5 Stream Language in Outline / 17 \\
                 6 Stream language in detail / 27 \\
                 7 Introduction / 43 \\
                 8 The Source Language / 45 \\
                 9 Stream Language / 53 \\
                 A Values and representations of symbols / 65 \\
                 B Fixed Mode Numbers / 67 \\
                 C Numbering of standard prelude operators in XOPER / 69
                 \\
                 D Extensions To ALGOL 68 / 71",
  tableofcontents = "1 Introduction / 1 \\
                 1.1 The Source Language / 2 \\
                 \\
                 2 Stream Language Output / 3 \\
                 2.1 The Structure of Stream Language / 3 \\
                 2.2 The Reverse Polish Stack / 4 \\
                 2.3 The Creation of New Objects / 5 \\
                 2.4 Assignment / 6 \\
                 3 Implementation / 9 \\
                 \\
                 4 The Compiler Shell / 11 \\
                 4.1 Input of Source Text / 11 \\
                 4.2 The charset Parameter / 11 \\
                 4.3 Values of Symbols / 13 \\
                 4.4 The Lookup Procedure / 13 \\
                 4.5 Output of Fault Messages / 14 \\
                 4.6 Output of Stream Language / 14 \\
                 \\
                 5 Stream Language in Outline / 17 \\
                 5.1 The Imperatives / 17 \\
                 5.1.1 XEDIT / 17 \\
                 5.1.2 REF VECTOR [] MDE / 18 \\
                 5.1.3 XDEC / 18 \\
                 5.1.4 XROUTINE / 18 \\
                 5.1.5 XSIZES / 18 \\
                 5.1.6 XLOAD / 18 \\
                 5.1.7 XCHARS / 18 \\
                 5.1.8 XOPER / 18 \\
                 5.1.9 XWARN / 19 \\
                 5.1.10 XPRAG / 19 \\
                 5.1.11 XCHARPOS / 19 \\
                 5.1.12 XCONTROL / 19 \\
                 5.2 Syntax Analysis of Stream Language / 20 \\
                 5.2.1 Abridged Syntax of Stream Language / 20 \\
                 5.2.1.1 Notation / 20 \\
                 5.2.1.2 Syntax rules / 20 \\
                 5.2.1.3 Skeleton translator --- stage 1 / 21 \\
                 5.3 The Reverse Polish Stack / 22 \\
                 5.3.0.1 Skeleton translator --- stage 2 / 23 \\
                 \\
                 6 Stream language in detail / 27 \\
                 6.1 The Vector of Modes --- REF VECTOR [] MDE modes /
                 27 \\
                 6.1.1 Constituent Modes of MDE / 27 \\
                 6.1.2 REF STRCT / 27 \\
                 6.1.3 REF ISTRUCT / 27 \\
                 6.1.4 REF VCTOR / 28 \\
                 6.1.5 REF ARRAY / 28 \\
                 6.1.6 REF UNN / 28 \\
                 6.1.7 REF PROCP / 28 \\
                 6.1.8 REF PRC / 28 \\
                 6.1.9 REF STEN / 28 \\
                 6.1.10 REF AMODE / 28 \\
                 6.1.11 SAMEAS / 28 \\
                 6.1.12 PRIMITIVE / 28 \\
                 6.2 Identifier Declarations (XIDDEC from XDEC) / 29 \\
                 6.3 Routine Text Declarations, XROUTINE / 29 \\
                 6.4 Label Declarations (XLABDEC from XDEC) / 30 \\
                 6.5 The Loading Imperative, XLOAD, And XCHARS / 31 \\
                 6.5.1 BOOL / 31 \\
                 6.5.2 INT / 31 \\
                 6.5.3 REF LABEL / 31 \\
                 6.5.4 STRUCT (INT Nse) / 31 \\
                 6.5.5 XGEN = STRUCT (INT mode, BOOL loc) / 31 \\
                 6.5.6 XNUMBER = STRUCT (INT mode, REF VECTOR [] CHAR
                 nu) / 31 \\
                 6.5.7 XSTRING = STRUCT (INT strmode) / 32 \\
                 6.5.8 XFORMAT = STRUCT (INT nochars, nocases, w) / 32
                 \\
                 6.5.9 XALIEN = STRUCT (INT almode) / 32 \\
                 6.5.10 XCODE = STRUCT (INT mode, nopars) / 32 \\
                 6.5.11 XCHARS = STRUCT (INT nochars, base, REF VECTOR
                 [] CHAR chars) / 32 \\
                 6.6 Operations, XOPER / 33 \\
                 6.6.1 Standard prelude operators / 33 \\
                 6.6.2 Coercions and similar operations / 34 \\
                 6.6.3 Field selection and array indexing / 34 \\
                 6.6.4 Procedure calls / 35 \\
                 6.6.5 Assignment / 35 \\
                 6.6.6 Space finding / 35 \\
                 6.6.7 Straightening / 36 \\
                 6.7 The Control Imperatives (XCONTROL) / 37 \\
                 6.7.1 Fields of an XCONTROL / 37 \\
                 6.7.2 The props field of an XCONTROL / 38 \\
                 6.7.2.1 General preliminary information / 38 \\
                 6.7.2.2 Dynamic result bits / 38 \\
                 6.7.2.3 Routine bits / 39 \\
                 6.7.3 Other control imperatives / 39 \\
                 6.7.3.1 fn = xforall / 39 \\
                 6.7.3.2 fn = xuchoice / 40 \\
                 6.8 The XWARN Imperative / 40 \\
                 6.9 The XPRAG Imperative / 40 \\
                 6.10 The XCHARPOS Imperative / 40 \\
                 6.11 An example of stream language / 41 \\
                 6.11.1 Sizes / 41 \\
                 6.11.2 Modes / 41 \\
                 6.11.3 Other imperatives / 41 \\
                 \\
                 7 Introduction / 43 \\
                 \\
                 8 The Source Language / 45 \\
                 8.1 keeplists / 45 \\
                 8.2 Simple declarations modules / 45 \\
                 8.3 Simple Programs / 46 \\
                 8.4 Nested Modules / 46 \\
                 8.5 Composition / 47 \\
                 8.5.1 Example / 47 \\
                 8.6 Partial Composition / 48 \\
                 8.7 Use of environmental packages / 48 \\
                 8.8 Declarations Modules in a Context / 49 \\
                 8.9 Provision for ALGOL 68 Standard Environment / 49
                 \\
                 8.10 The VOID Context / 50 \\
                 8.11 Summary of Syntax And Semantics of Modules / 51
                 \\
                 8.11.1 DECS Module / 51 \\
                 8.11.2 PROGRAM Modules / 51 \\
                 8.11.3 Notes / 51 \\
                 8.12 Composition Rules / 51 \\
                 8.13 Accessibility of Kepts for Use in a Cc Module / 52
                 \\
                 8.14 Accessibility of Kepts for Use in a DECS Module /
                 52 \\
                 \\
                 9 Stream Language / 53 \\
                 9.1 The Current Compilation / 53 \\
                 9.2 Parameters of the Compile Procedure / 54 \\
                 9.3 Information About Other Modules / 55 \\
                 9.4 A Model for a Running CC Module / 56 \\
                 9.5 Constructions in the Code / 57 \\
                 9.6 An Example of Modular Compilation / 58 \\
                 9.6.1 Stream Language Produced for the Above Modules /
                 59 \\
                 \\
                 Appendix A Values and representations of symbols / 65
                 \\
                 A.1 Note / 65 \\
                 \\
                 Appendix B Fixed Mode Numbers / 67 \\
                 \\
                 Appendix C Numbering of standard prelude operators in
                 XOPER / 69 \\
                 C.1 Monadic operators / 69 \\
                 C.2 Dyadic operators / 69 \\
                 \\
                 Appendix D Extensions To ALGOL 68 / 71 \\
                 D.1 Vectors and indexable structures / 71 \\
                 D.2 The FORALL statement / 71 \\
                 D.3 Straightening / 72 \\
                 D.4 Low level facilities / 73 \\
                 D.5 Built-in operators / 73 \\
                 D.6 Generalised modes / 74 \\
                 D.7 Implementation dependent declarations / 74",
}

@Article{Atkinson:1978:CCA,
  author =       "L. V. Atkinson and J. J. McGregor",
  title =        "{CONA}: a Conversational {Algol} System",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "699--708",
  month =        nov # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380080605",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Banerjee:1978:CCD,
  author =       "Jayanta Banerjee and Richard I. Baum and David K.
                 Hsiao",
  title =        "Concepts and Capabilities of a Database Computer",
  journal =      j-TODS,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "347--384",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ATDSD3",
  ISSN =         "0362-5915 (print), 1557-4644 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-5915",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 14 10:34:48 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Graefe.bib;
                 Database/Wiederhold.bib; http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tods.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/articles/journals/tods/1978-3-4/p347-banerjee/p347-banerjee.pdf;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tods/1978-3-4/p347-banerjee/",
  abstract =     "The concepts and capabilities of a database computer
                 (DBC) are given in this paper. The proposed design
                 overcomes many of the traditional problems of database
                 system software and is one of the first to describe a
                 complete data-secure computer capable of handling large
                 databases.\par

                 This paper begins by characterizing the major problems
                 facing today's database system designers. These
                 problems are intrinsically related to the nature of
                 conventional hardware and can only be solved by
                 introducing new architectural concepts. Several such
                 concepts are brought to bear in the later sections of
                 this paper. These architectural principles have a major
                 impact upon the design of the system and so they are
                 discussed in some detail. A key aspect of these
                 principles is that they can be implemented with
                 near-term technology. The rest of the paper is devoted
                 to the functional characteristics and the theory of
                 operation of the DBC. The theory of operation is based
                 on a series of abstract models of the components and
                 data structures employed by the DBC. These models are
                 used to illustrate how the DBC performs access
                 operations, manages data structures and security
                 specifications, and enforces security requirements.
                 Short Algol-like algorithms are used to show how these
                 operations are carried out. This part of the paper
                 concludes with a high-level description of the DBC
                 organization. The actual details of the DBC hardware
                 are quite involved and so their presentation is not the
                 subject of this paper.\par

                 A sample database is included in the Appendix to
                 illustrate the working of the security and clustering
                 mechanisms of the DBC.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Database Syst.",
  annote-1 =     "The concepts of a database computer (DBC) are given.
                 The theory of operation is based on abstract models.
                 The DBC performs access operations, manages data
                 structures and security specifications.",
  annote-2 =     "The correct author order (from the running heads and
                 table of contents) is Banerjee, Baum, Hsiao: the
                 article cover page has Banerjee, Hsiao, Baum, because
                 the first two share a common address.",
  classification = "722; 723",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Database Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J777",
  keywords =     "clustering; content-addressable memory; data base
                 systems; database computers; hardware support machine
                 TODS, computer architecture; keywords; mass memory;
                 performance; security; structure memory",
  subject =      "Information Systems --- Information Storage and
                 Retrieval --- Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3):
                 {\bf Clustering}",
}

@MastersThesis{Blaser:1978:SAR,
  author =       "J. Blaser",
  title =        "{Ein System Von Algol-60-Unterprogrammen Zur
                 Realisierung Einer Gleitpunktrechnung Mit Frei
                 W{\"a}hlbarer Mantissenl{\"a}nge}",
  type =         "Diplomarbeit",
  school =       "Inst. F. Angew. Math., University Freiburg I. Br.",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@TechReport{Bos:1978:ANA,
  author =       "H. J. Bos and D. T. Winter",
  title =        "{Aflink}: a new {Algol 68--Fortran} interface:
                 (preprint)",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "NN 17/78",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "24",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:19:17 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/9115",
  abstract =     "This report contains an external description of
                 AFLINK. AFLINK is a newly designed ALGOL 68--FORTRAN
                 interface, which can be used with the ALGOL 68 version
                 1.2.1 (78325) and FORTRAN version 4.6. level 460
                 compilers on the CDC CYBER machines. The new interface
                 can handle all situations the standard CDC ALGOL
                 68--FORTRAN interface can. Moreover, AFLINK is capable
                 of passing a large variety of ALGOL 68 procedures as
                 parameters to FORTRAN routines. Special interface
                 routines are available for use with the IMSL and NAG
                 libraries",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Braid:1978:SCS,
  author =       "I. C. Braid",
  title =        "On Storing and Changing Shape Information",
  journal =      j-COMP-GRAPHICS,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "252--256",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "CGRADI, CPGPBZ",
  ISSN =         "0097-8930 (print), 1558-4569 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8930",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 4 12:57:45 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Graphics/imager/imager.78.bib;
                 Graphics/siggraph/78.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/siggraph.bib",
  abstract =     "A data structure for modelling engineering components
                 and assemblies is described. It is shown how the same
                 structure, slightly extended, can also be used to
                 represent a single component defined as boolean
                 combinations of more primitive shapes. This leads to a
                 unified method of handling both the concise boolean
                 description and the longer explicit description in
                 terms of faces, edges and vertices. The technique
                 permits close control of evaluation from boolean to
                 explicit description, and facilitates saving of partly
                 evaluated results and back tracking. The data structure
                 is built up and evaluation is controlled through a
                 geometrical language embedded in Algol 68. The language
                 is intended for the construction of computer-aided
                 design systems, for simulating engineering production
                 processes, or for any application in which shapes and
                 changes to shapes must be recorded and manipulated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  conference =   "Proc of Annu Conf on Comput Graph and Interact Tech
                 (SIGGRAPH '78), 5th, held in Atlanta, Georgia; 23--25
                 August 1978",
  fjournal =     "Computer Graphics",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J166",
  journalabr =   "Comput Graph (ACM)",
  keywords =     "data processing; shape description",
  meetingaddress = "Atlanta, Ga",
  meetingdate =  "Aug 23--25 1978",
  meetingdate2 = "08/23--25/78",
}

@Book{Brailsford:1978:IAP,
  author =       "D. F. Brailsford and A. N. Walker",
  title =        "Introductory {Algol 68} programming",
  publisher =    "Ellis Horwood",
  address =      "Chichester, UK",
  pages =        "281",
  year =         "1978",
  ISBN =         "0-470-26746-1, 0-85312-127-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-470-26746-2, 978-0-85312-127-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 B72",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 13:51:36 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Ellis Horwood series in computer science.",
  subject =      "ALGOL 68",
}

@MastersThesis{Carroll:1978:CFT,
  author =       "Johnny Glen Carroll",
  title =        "A comparison of the formatted transput of {ALGOL 68},
                 {PL/I}, and {FORTRAN}",
  type =         "Thesis (M.S.)",
  school =       "Oklahoma State University",
  address =      "Stillwater, OK, USA",
  pages =        "vii + 197",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computing and Information Sciences (Theses)",
}

@Article{Cheatham:1978:BDJ,
  author =       "T. E. {Cheatham, Jr.}",
  title =        "A brief description of {JOVIAL}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "201--202",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/960118.808384",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:08:59 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  abstract =     "JOVIAL (Jules' Own Version of the International
                 Algebraic Language) was one of the first programming
                 languages developed primarily to aid in programming
                 large complex real time systems. Today it remains a
                 major language for these applications and versions of
                 JOVIAL have been implemented on dozens of different
                 computers. The language and its compilers have been
                 developed primarily by the Systems Development
                 Corporation. JOVIAL was based on Algol-58 but includes
                 numerous features not in Algol (58 or 60) which make it
                 particularly useful for programming large scale
                 systems. The most important of these is the COMPOOL
                 (communications POOL), a central repository of data
                 descriptions which permits programmers to reference
                 data items without concerns as to how they are
                 represented on some particular computer.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@Book{Colin:1978:PPS,
  author =       "Andrew J. T. Colin",
  title =        "Programming and Problem-Solving in {Algol 68}",
  publisher =    "Macmillan Education UK",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "viii + 251",
  year =         "1978",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03561-8",
  ISBN =         "0-333-23115-5 (paperback), 1-349-03561-0,
                 1-349-03562-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-333-23115-9 (paperback), 978-1-349-03561-8,
                 978-1-349-03562-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 C64",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 13:51:36 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Computer Science Series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters",
}

@Article{DeMorgan:1978:MAS,
  author =       "R. M. {De Morgan} and I. D. Hill and B. A. Wichmann",
  title =        "Modified {Algol 60} and the step-until element",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "282--285",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/21.3.282",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:03 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/282.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/tiff/282.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; erratum; modified ALGOL 60; step-until
                 element",
  treatment =    "G General Review",
}

@Article{Foxley:1978:MRT,
  author =       "Eric Foxley and D. J. Morgan",
  title =        "Monitoring the Run-time Activity of {Algol 68-R}
                 Programs",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "29--34",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380080104",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Gries:1978:ASH,
  author =       "David Gries",
  title =        "{ACM SIGPLAN} history of programming languages
                 conference {ALGOL 60} language summary",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "1--1",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/960118.808368",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:08:59 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  abstract =     "The term ALGOL is reported to have sprung from
                 ``ALGOrithmic Language''. Many forget, however, that
                 ALGOL is the second brightest star in the constellation
                 Perseus and part of an eclipsing binary. ALGOL exhibits
                 a variation in light, which is caused by the fact that
                 once every 69-odd hours it is partially eclipsed by a
                 dark body, its partner star, for about 10 hours. But
                 note that ALGOL always manages to regain its
                 brilliance. ALGOL and its eclipsing companion (could it
                 be FORTRAN?) are miles and miles apart (about
                 6,000,000). ALGOL 60 and FORTRAN are both algebraic
                 languages designed primarily for writing programs to
                 solve numerical problems. Both have simple variables
                 and arrays, declarations, assignment statements,
                 conditional and iterative statements, and procedures
                 (subroutines).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@Article{Hansen:1978:RSH,
  author =       "Wilfried J. Hansen and Hendrik Boom",
  title =        "The Report on the Standard Hardware Representation for
                 {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-ACTA-INFO,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "105--119",
  day =          "3",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "AINFA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-5903 (print), 1432-0525 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 11:33:27 2026",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/HBP/ACTAI.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/actainfo.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Acta Inf.",
  fjournal =     "Acta Informatica",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/236",
}

@Article{Hazlewood:1978:AAC,
  author =       "L. Hazlewood",
  title =        "Algorithm 101: An algorithm for cautious adaptive
                 quadrature",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "180--183",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/21.2.180",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 06 16:53:32 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_02/tiff/180.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_02/tiff/181.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_02/tiff/182.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_02/tiff/183.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4160 (Numerical integration and differentiation);
                 C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Computer Centre, Univ. of Aston, Birmingham, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; algorithm; cautious adaptive quadrature;
                 differences; discontinuities; finite; integration;
                 singularities; subroutines",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Unpublished{Janssen:1978:EPI,
  author =       "Theo Janssen and Peter van Emde Boas",
  title =        "The expressive power of intensional logic in the
                 semantics of programming languages",
  number =       "ZW 98/78/re",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Unpublished{Janssen:1978:PTR,
  author =       "Theo Janssen and Peter van Emde Boas",
  title =        "On the proper treatment of referencing, dereferencing
                 and assignment",
  number =       "ZW 94/78/re",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Kaucher:1978:HPA,
  author =       "Edgar W. Kaucher and Rudi Klatte and Christian
                 Ullrich",
  title =        "{H{\"o}here Programmiersprachen ALGOL, FORTRAN, PASCAL
                 in einheitlicher und ubersichtlicher Darstellung}",
  publisher =    pub-BIBLIO-INST,
  address =      pub-BIBLIO-INST:adr,
  pages =        "258",
  year =         "1978",
  ISBN =         "3-411-01544-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-411-01544-3",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 K38",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 Misc/TUBScsd.bib; Misc/TUBScsd/1978.bib",
  series =       "Reihe Informatik; Bd. 24",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Kurzgefasste Darstellung der Sprachen Algol 60,
                 Fortran, Pascal durch Syntaxgraphen und Erlaeuternden
                 Text.",
  descriptor =   "Algol 60, Syntaxgraph, Fortran, Pascal",
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); FORTRAN (Computer
                 program language); Pascal (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{Kline:1978:VDP,
  author =       "Russell B. Kline and Gary D. Hamor and Kenneth L.
                 Krause and Larry E. Druffel",
  title =        "Visual demonstration of program execution",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "16--18",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/990654.990559",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 18 07:38:04 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1970.bib",
  note =         "Papers of the SIGCSE\slash CSA Technical Symposium on
                 Computer Science Education.",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a system which provides a visual
                 demonstration of the structure and flow of an ALGOL
                 program. The program is displayed on a CRT and executed
                 interpretively, highlighting each statement prior to
                 execution and showing the result of the statement after
                 execution. The primary use of the system is to
                 demonstrate program operation in a classroom
                 environment. It has also been used as an automatic
                 benchchecking aid.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@TechReport{Lengauer:1978:FAF,
  author =       "Thomas Lengauer and Robert Endre Tarjan",
  title =        "A Fast Algorithm for Finding Dominators in a Flow
                 Graph",
  type =         "Technical Report",
  number =       "STAN-CS-78-650 (AD-A054144)",
  institution =  inst-STAN-CS,
  address =      inst-STAN-CS:adr,
  pages =        "ii + 40",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 21 14:21:14 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/stanford-cstr.bib",
  URL =          "",
  abstract =     "This paper presents a fast algorithm for finding
                 dominators in a flow graph. The algorithm uses
                 depth-first search and an efficient method of computing
                 functions defined on paths in trees. A simple
                 implementation of the algorithm runs in $ O(m \log n) $
                 time, where $m$ is the number of edges and $n$ is the
                 number of vertices in the problem graph. A
                 sophisticated implementation runs in $ O(M \alpha (m,
                 n))$ time, where $ \alpha (m, n)$ is a functional
                 inverse of Ackermann's function.\par

                 Both versions of the algorithm were implemented in
                 Algol W, a Stanford University version of Algol, and
                 tested on an IBM 370/168. The programs were compared
                 with an implementation by Purdom and Moore of a
                 straightforward $ O(m n)$-time algorithm, and with a
                 bit vector algorithm described by Aho and Ullman. The
                 fast algorithm beat the straightforward algorithm and
                 the bit vector algorithm on all but the smallest graphs
                 tests.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "depth-first search; global flow analysis; graph
                 algorithms; path compression. denominators",
  pdfpages =     "42",
}

@Book{Maslov:1978:ASP,
  author =       "A. N. Maslov",
  title =        "{Algol 68}. {Structure} of Programs",
  publisher =    "Moscow State University Publishers",
  address =      "Moscow, USSR",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1978",
  ISBN =         "",
  ISBN-13 =      "",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 07:02:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Book{McGettrick:1978:AFS,
  author =       "Andrew D. McGettrick",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68}: a first and second course",
  volume =       "8",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 348",
  year =         "1978",
  ISBN =         "0-521-21412-2, 0-521-29143-7 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-21412-4, 978-0-521-29143-9 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 M3",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Cambridge computer science texts",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1944--",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Book{McGettrick:1978:ARA,
  author =       "Andrew D. McGettrick",
  title =        "An Introduction to the Formal Definition of {ALGOL
                 68}",
  volume =       "9 (Part 1)",
  publisher =    pub-PERGAMON,
  address =      pub-PERGAMON:adr,
  pages =        "1--84",
  year =         "1978",
  ISBN =         "0-08-023056-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-08-023056-6",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138",
  LCCN =         "QA1 A62 v. 9, pt. 1",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 13:51:36 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); Real-time
                 programming; Congresses; Computer programming;
                 Real-time data processing; ALGOL (Langage de
                 programmation); Programmation en temps r{\'e}el;
                 Congr{\`e}s; Programmation (Informatique); Temps
                 r{\'e}el (Informatique); ALGOL (Computer program
                 language); Computer programming; Real-time data
                 processing; Real-time programming",
}

@Article{McGettrick:1978:IFD,
  author =       "Andrew D. McGettrick",
  title =        "An introduction to the formal definition of {ALGOL
                 68}",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-AUTOM-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "9",
  pages =        "1--84",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ARVAAM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(78)90001-0",
  ISSN =         "0066-4138 (print), 1878-545x (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4138",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 13:25:02 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annu-rev-autom-program.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annual Review in Automatic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00664138",
}

@Book{Meek:1978:FPAa,
  author =       "Brian L. (Brian Lawrence) Meek",
  title =        "{Fortran}, {PL/I} and the {Algols}",
  publisher =    pub-MACMILLAN,
  address =      pub-MACMILLAN:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 291",
  year =         "1978",
  ISBN =         "0-333-24385-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-333-24385-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.F25 M43 1978b",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 11 18:17:45 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0333243854/wholesaleproductA/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 Misc/TUBScsd.bib",
  series =       "Macmillan computer science series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "das Buch Liefert eine Gegenueberstellung der im Titel
                 Angegebenen Sprachen",
  descriptor =   "Algol 68, Fortran, Pl/I",
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); PL/I (Computer
                 program language); {Fortran} (Computer program
                 language)",
}

@Book{Meek:1978:FPAb,
  author =       "B. L. (Brian Lawrence) Meek",
  title =        "{Fortran}, {PL/I}, and the {Algols}",
  publisher =    pub-ENH,
  address =      pub-ENH:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 291",
  year =         "1978",
  ISBN =         "0-444-19464-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-444-19464-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.F25 .M43",
  bibdate =      "Sun Sep 28 10:42:07 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Includes index. Bibliography: p. [279]-282.",
  keywords =     "Algol (computer program language); ALGOL (Computer
                 program language); Fortran (computer program language);
                 PL/I (Computer program language); pl/i (computer
                 program language); {Fortran} (Computer program
                 language)",
}

@Book{Meek:1978:FPAc,
  author =       "B. L. (Brian Lawrence) Meek",
  title =        "{Fortran}, {PL/I}, and the {Algols}",
  publisher =    pub-MACMILLAN,
  address =      pub-MACMILLAN:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 291",
  year =         "1978",
  ISBN =         "0-333-24385-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-333-24385-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.F25 M43 1978b",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  series =       "Macmillan computer science series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Includes index. Bibliography: p. [279]-282.",
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); PL/I (Computer
                 program language); {Fortran} (Computer program
                 language)",
}

@Article{Naur:1978:ESL,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "The {European} side of the last phase of the
                 development of {ALGOL 60}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "15--44",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/960118.808370",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:08:59 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  abstract =     "In preparing this account of some of the developments
                 leading to ALGOL 60 I have primarily sought to present
                 such relevant information that is readily available to
                 myself, but not otherwise accessible or well known. In
                 addition I have tried to answer the specific questions
                 formulated by the organizers of the Conference on the
                 History of Programming Languages. The notes fall in
                 three freely intermixed groups: those that relate to
                 existing documents, those that reflect my own reasoning
                 as a participant in the development, and those that try
                 to answer the organizers' questions. Where the proper
                 support has been lacking I have left open holes in the
                 presentation. Otherwise I have tried to be specific,
                 giving names, dates, and reasons, as far as I have them
                 available. While this manner of presentation seems to
                 me the best way to support more penetrating historical
                 research into the period, it is also bound to give rise
                 to controversy. First, it is openly one-sided, in the
                 manner that any autobiography is. Further, by being
                 specific the presentation will offer sensitive points
                 of attack to those who see the same development from a
                 different angle and with different eyes. When these
                 circumstances are combined with real events that
                 involved differences of opinion and interest, strong
                 reactions are bound to be provoked. This emerged
                 clearly in the remarks from the reviewers of the draft
                 of the paper.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  conflocation = "Los Angeles, CA, USA; 1-3 June 1978",
  conftitle =    "ACM SIGPLAN History of Programming Languages
                 Conference",
  corpsource =   "Copenhagen Univ., Copenhagen, Denmark",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 60; background; development; European;
                 evaluation; future languages; language content;
                 rationale",
  treatment =    "G General Review",
}

@Article{Peck:1978:ASP,
  author =       "John E. Peck",
  title =        "The {ALGOL 68} Story: a personal account by a member
                 of the design team",
  journal =      "ACS Bulletin",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "4--6",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 14:53:33 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://bernd-oppolzer.de/ALGOL68-The-Algol-68-Story.pdf;
                 https://softwarepreservation.computerhistory.org/ALGOL/paper/The%20Algol%2068%20Story.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark-0 =     "This is not the Bulletin of the American College of
                 Surgeons. What is it? Web searches have so far failed
                 to identify this periodical.",
  remark-1 =     "From page 5: ``I can also remember an undercurrent of
                 unease with respect to Tony Hoare, whose recent
                 inability to agree with van Wijngaarden had begun to
                 exclude him from consideration in the new design. This
                 smouldering conflict was to break out later, almost in
                 disastrous form for the Working Group.''",
  remark-2 =     "From page 5: ``What I can remember of that meeting was
                 that Niklaus Wirth was present and presented a paper on
                 the principles of languages design, but his words were
                 not heeded.''",
  remark-3 =     "From page 5: ``I can remember meeting Charles Lindsey
                 there for the first time, and hearing him say
                 complimentary things about the language but describe
                 the Report as abominable. Despite his outrage, he was
                 soon elected as a member of the group, in recognition
                 of his remarkable document \booktitle{ALGOL 68 with
                 fewer tears} [\cite{Lindsey:1972:AFT}], which proved
                 beyond doubt that the ALGOL 68 defining document could
                 be read and understood by those who were not involved
                 with its design.''",
  remark-4 =     "From page 5: about the 1970 conference in Munich
                 ``\ldots{} delegates were surprised to discover that
                 the first implementation was already completed at the
                 Royal Radar Establishment in Malvern England. The
                 implementers were present in Munich and were able to
                 tell us that they already had a happy band of users.
                 This was on the ICL 1900 series machines. This compiler
                 is now in widespread use especially in England.''",
  remark-5 =     "From page 5: ``We made an early decision that we would
                 take full advantage of computer technology in word
                 processing to help us with the clerical work in
                 developing the new Report, with the eventual hope that
                 it could be typeset directly from a computer file, thus
                 avoiding the long and tedious process of proof reading.
                 Accordingly all our editing work was done using the MTS
                 operating system running at the USC Computing Centre.
                 This system enabled us to produce most of the indexes
                 and to format the grammar and the other parts of the
                 text automatically.''",
  remark-6 =     "From page 5: ``The Revised Report was eventually
                 published in Acta Informatica in 1975
                 [\cite{vanWijngaarden:1975:RRA}], but directly from the
                 computer files that we had generated.''",
  remark-7 =     "From page 6: ``I believe that the design and revision
                 of ALGOL 68 was an important piece of work which has
                 made a significant contribution to the advance of
                 computer science. The fact that it has not caught on as
                 a practical programming language as well as one might
                 have liked is a matter for regret, but is not
                 altogether unexpected.''",
}

@Article{Perlis:1978:ASDa,
  author =       "Alan J. Perlis",
  title =        "The {American} side of the development of {Algol}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "3--14",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/960118.808369",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:08:59 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  abstract =     "History is contextual. The Algol* development was a
                 product, perhaps a miraculous product, of its time. All
                 developments proceed, almost implacably, from the
                 primitive to the rococco, e.g. from Algol58 through
                 Algol60 to Algol68 with an appearance of a large number
                 of offshoots (e.g., JOVIAL, MAD, NELIAC and Euler),
                 extensions (FORMULA ALGOL and LCC), virile offspring
                 (PASCAL), etc., occurring enroute. The earliest
                 developments appear clean, surprising us in the new
                 views they reveal. One frets over why the vision that
                 prompted the beginning weakened during the course of
                 future developments. Perhaps it is inevitable that, as
                 unexpected complexity is uncovered, smoothness, equal
                 value if you will, in solutions cannot be maintained.
                 Trivia cannot be identified easily, special cases
                 overwhelm the search for general patterns, custom and
                 habit move performance into the realm of objective
                 concept, experience warps both intuition and reason,
                 fear of instability burdens insight with caution. The
                 elegance of Algol's offspring is a tribute to the grace
                 and power of the original. Algol, a second generation
                 language, was more graceful than any of its
                 predecessors, for example FORTRAN, MATHMATIC and IT.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Alan Jay Perlis (1 April 1922--7 February 1990)",
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  conflocation = "Los Angeles, CA, USA; 1-3 June 1978",
  conftitle =    "ACM SIGPLAN History of Programming Languages
                 Conference",
  corpsource =   "California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; American; development; history",
  numpages =     "12",
  treatment =    "G General Review",
}

@InProceedings{Perlis:1978:TP,
  author =       "Alan J. Perlis and Peter Naur",
  title =        "Transcripts of presentations",
  crossref =     "Wexelblat:1981:HPL",
  pages =        "139--161",
  year =         "1978",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/800025.1198354",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 08:50:32 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://dblp.org;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  biburl =       "https://dblp.org/rec/conf/hopl/PerlisN78.bib",
}

@Article{Rosin:1978:ASH,
  author =       "Robert F. Rosin",
  title =        "{ACM SIGPLAN} history of programming languages
                 conference {PL/I} language summary",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "225--226",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/960118.808388",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:08:59 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  abstract =     "PL/I was developed in two distinct stages. First the
                 language NPL was conceived by a joint user-IBM
                 committee. IBM alone then developed PL/I by clarifying
                 and refining the rather incomplete specification of
                 NPL. This overview describes the major features of
                 PL/I, and George Radin's paper makes clear the
                 distinctions between these two languages. The
                 characteristics of PL/I were strongly influenced by two
                 factors; what was known (in 1964-65) about commercial,
                 scientific, real-time and system programming
                 applications, and the features of FORTRAN, COBOL, and
                 ALGOL which were useful in implementing those
                 applications. The result is a language of great
                 expressive power, which occasionally requires the
                 programmer to manage great complexity.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@TechReport{Smillie:1978:IAA,
  author =       "K. W. Smillie",
  title =        "Introducing {APL}, {ALGOL} and {FORTRAN}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Dept. of Computing Science, University of Alberta",
  address =      "Edmonton, Alberta, Canada",
  pages =        "i + 61",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Each section has special title page; items originally
                 published separately. Includes bibliographies.
                 Introducing APL.--Introducing ALGOL.--Introducing
                 FORTRAN.",
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); ALGOL (Langage de
                 programmation); APL (Computer program language); APL
                 (Langage de programmation); FORTRAN (Computer program
                 language); FORTRAN (Langage de programmation)",
}

@Article{Tanenbaum:1978:CPA,
  author =       "A. S. Tanenbaum",
  title =        "A comparison of {Pascal} and {Algol 68}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "316--323",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/21.4.316",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:04 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/4/316.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_04/tiff/316.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_04/tiff/317.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_04/tiff/318.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_04/tiff/319.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_04/tiff/320.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_04/tiff/321.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_04/tiff/322.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_04/tiff/323.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Vrije Univ., Amsterdam, Netherlands",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; block structure; computer programming
                 languages; PASCAL; procedure oriented languages",
  treatment =    "G General Review",
}

@Book{USACL:1978:IAW,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Introduction to {ALGOL W} Programming",
  publisher =    "University of St Andrews",
  address =      "St Andrews, Scotland",
  edition =      "revised",
  pages =        "107",
  year =         "1978",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:12:45 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{vanderMeulen:1978:TPS,
  author =       "S. G. van der Meulen and M. Veldhorst",
  title =        "{TORRIX}: A Programming System for Operations on
                 Vectors and Matrices Over Arbitrary Fields and of
                 Variable Size. {Volume I}",
  type =         "Tract",
  number =       "86",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "246",
  year =         "1978",
  ISBN =         "90-6196-152-1",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-90-6196-152-9",
  MRclass =      "15-04 15A03 15A33 65F99 68-02 68A10",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 12:09:07 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://jemarch.net/torrix-1.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{VanEmdeBoas:1978:NRE,
  author =       "Peter {Van Emde Boas} and Paul M. B. Vit{\'a}nyi",
  title =        "A note on the recursive enumerability of some classes
                 of recursively enumerable languages",
  journal =      j-INFO-SCI,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "89--91",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "ISIJBC",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(78)90029-4",
  ISSN =         "0020-0255 (print), 1872-6291 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0255",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 08:40:39 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Information Sciences",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200255",
}

@Book{vanWijngaarden:1978:RBA,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden and Immo Ottomar Kerner and
                 others",
  title =        "{Revidierter Bericht {\"u}ber die algorithmische
                 Sprache ALGOL 68}. ({German}) [{Revised} report on the
                 algorithmic language {ALGOL 68}]",
  volume =       "27",
  publisher =    pub-AKADEMIE-VERLAG,
  address =      pub-AKADEMIE-VERLAG:adr,
  pages =        "x + 249",
  year =         "1978",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 R4515",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Elektronisches Rechnen und Regeln: Sonderband",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "Translation of Revised report on the algorithmic
                 language ALGOL 68.",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Book{Vowels:1978:FIA,
  author =       "Robin A. Vowels",
  title =        "{FORTRAN IV} y {ALGOL 60}",
  publisher =    pub-EDITORIAL-LIMUSA,
  address =      pub-EDITORIAL-LIMUSA:adr,
  pages =        "202",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Translation of ALGOL 60 and FORTRAN IV.",
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); FORTRAN IV
                 (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{Williams:1978:SSF,
  author =       "M. H. Williams",
  title =        "Static Semantic Features of {Algol60} and {Basic}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "234--242",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1978",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/21.3.234",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:03 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/3/234.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/tiff/234.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/tiff/235.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/tiff/236.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/tiff/237.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/tiff/238.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/tiff/239.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/tiff/240.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/tiff/241.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_21/Issue_03/tiff/242.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4290 (Other computer theory); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown,
                 South Africa",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL60; BASIC; compiler writer; computational
                 linguistics; computer operating systems --- Program
                 Compilers; computer programming languages; correct
                 compiler; formal notation; language designer; static
                 semantic rules; user",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Yuldashev:1978:ARC,
  author =       "Z. Kh. Yuldashev",
  title =        "Algorithms for the Realization of Computer Interval
                 Arithmetic for Computers with a Nonsymmetric Set of
                 Machine Numbers in {Algol 60} (In {Russian})",
  journal =      "Algorithms and Programs --- Inform. Bull.",
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "21",
  pages =        "21--22",
  year =         "1978",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@Article{Axford:1979:ASL,
  author =       "T. H. Axford and Diana Burkhardt and W. P. Dodd and
                 Susan Laflin and D. G. Parkyn and P. Ramsay",
  title =        "{ATOL}: a simple language with powerful data
                 structuring facilities",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "5--15",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/988071.988073",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:10:14 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  abstract =     "The use of complex data structures in most common
                 languages is often unnecessarily confusing to all but
                 the most experienced programmers. ATOL has been
                 designed to include a variety of data structures in a
                 way that is both simple to understand and easy to
                 handle, yet sufficiently general and powerful for a
                 wide range of applications. The syntax of the language
                 is quite simple and suitable for interactive program
                 development at on-line terminals, rather like Basic.
                 The primary data type of the language is a character
                 string or text. Three classes of data structures may be
                 constructed: records, files and sequences. For each of
                 these, the components may be either texts or other
                 structures in any of the three classes. Records may be
                 defined recursively to generate lists or trees of
                 variable size. Arrays are not present in the language,
                 their place being taken by files which are structures
                 containing variable numbers of components selected by
                 text keys. Data from a very wide range of applications
                 may thus be easily and conveniently represented. The
                 method used to denote the components of a structure in
                 a program is significantly simpler than that used in
                 languages like Algol 68 and Pascal. In addition, the
                 need to use pointers explicitly has been kept to a
                 minimum, thus reducing another source of confusion
                 among inexperienced programmers. In general the
                 language has been designed for the beginning programmer
                 whose interests are in non-numerical applications such
                 as occur in the arts and humanities and many areas of
                 commercial data processing.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6120 (File organisation); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  corpsource =   "Computer Centre, Univ. of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ATOL; data structures; data structuring; procedure
                 oriented languages; programming language; syntax",
  treatment =    "G General Review",
}

@Article{Banatre:1979:EDC,
  author =       "Jean-Pierre P. Ban{\^a}tre and Jean-Paul P. Routeau
                 and L. Trilling",
  title =        "An Event-Driven Compiling Technique",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "34--42",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:23:05 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm22.html#BanatreRT79;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1970.bib",
  abstract =     "Due to the linear structure of source text,
                 difficulties may arise in a one-pass compilation
                 process. These difficulties occur when an entity cannot
                 be processed because of a forward reference to
                 information only obtainable from subsequent entities.
                 Classic solutions ask for data structures appropriate
                 for each case. A technique is presented which uses
                 instead control structures, namely events and
                 processes. The work of the compiler-writer becomes
                 easier both conceptually and in practice because he can
                 forget these problems at the outset and he avoids
                 special processing for each problem. This technique has
                 been applied to the construction of an Algol 68
                 compiler. Three examples from that implementation are
                 described and discussed here.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6120 (File organisation); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Univ. de Rennes, Rennes, France",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  journalabr =   "Commun ACM",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68 compiler; compilation; computer operating
                 systems --- Program Compilers; computer programming
                 languages; control structures; data; data structures;
                 forward reference to information; one pass; program
                 compilers; semantic analysis; source text; structures",
  oldlabel =     "BanatreRT79",
  treatment =    "G General Review; P Practical",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/BanatreRT79",
}

@Article{Berry:1979:TES,
  author =       "Daniel M. Berry and Richard L. Schwartz",
  title =        "Type equivalence in strongly typed languages: one more
                 look",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "35--41",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/988113.988117",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:10:51 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4240 (Programming and algorithm theory); C6140D
                 (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Faculty of Math., Weizmann Inst. of Sci., Rehovot,
                 Israel",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; Euclid; EUCLID; language design; procedure
                 oriented languages; programming theory; strong typing;
                 strongly typed languages; type equivalence",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Bird:1979:REV,
  author =       "R. S. Bird",
  title =        "Recursion Elimination with Variable Parameters",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "151--154",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/22.2.151",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:05 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/2/151.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_02/tiff/151.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_02/tiff/152.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_02/tiff/153.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_02/tiff/154.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Univ. of Reading, Reading,
                 UK",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; balanced tree; computer programming; PASCAL;
                 recursion elimination; structured programming; variable
                 parameters",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Book{Brailsford:1979:IAP,
  author =       "D. F. Brailsford and A. N. Walker",
  title =        "Introductory {Algol 68} programming",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    "Ellis Horwood",
  address =      "Chichester, UK",
  pages =        "281",
  year =         "1979",
  ISBN =         "0-470-26746-1 (Halsted), 0-85312-127-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-470-26746-2 (Halsted), 978-0-85312-127-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 B72",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Computers and their applications",
  abstract =     "This book is intended for anyone who wants to learn to
                 write programs in Algol 68.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); ALGOL (Langage de
                 programmation); ALGOL (Computer program language)",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 Objects \\
                 Program structure \\
                 Elementary programs \\
                 Arrays and structures \\
                 Procedures \\
                 Transput \\
                 Case studies \\
                 Advanced features",
}

@Article{Clarke:1979:PLC,
  author =       "Edmund Melson {Clarke, Jr.}",
  title =        "Programming Language Constructs for Which It Is
                 Impossible To Obtain Good {Hoare} Axiom Systems",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "129--147",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/322108.322121",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411 (print), 1557-735X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jan 15 18:12:53 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Compiler/prog.lang.theory.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hoare-c-a-r.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jacm.bib",
  abstract =     "Hoare axiom systems for establishing partial
                 correctness of programs may fail to be complete because
                 of (a) incompleteness of the assertion language
                 relative to the underlying interpretation or (b)
                 inability of the assertion language to express the
                 invariants of loops. S. A. Cook has shown that if there
                 is a complete proof system for the assertion language
                 (i.e. all true formulas of the assertion language) and
                 if the assertion language satisfies a natural
                 expressibility condition then a sound and complete
                 axiom system for a large subset of Algol may be
                 devised. Programming language constructs are exhibited
                 for which it is impossible to obtain sound and complete
                 sets of Hoare axioms even in this special sense of
                 Cook's. These constructs include (i) recursive
                 procedures with procedure parameters in a programming
                 language which uses static scope of identifiers and
                 (ii) coroutines in a language which allows
                 parameterless recursive procedures. Modifications of
                 these constructs for which sound and complete systems
                 of axioms may be obtained are also discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Assoc. Comput. Mach.",
  classification = "723",
  conference =   "ACM Symp on Princ of Program Lang, 5th, Pap",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/jacm",
  journalabr =   "J Assoc Comput Mach",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages",
  meetingaddress = "Tucson, AZ, USA",
  meetingdate =  "Jan 23--25 1978",
  meetingdate2 = "01/23--25/78",
  subject-dates = "Charles Antony Richard Hoare (11 January 1934--5
                 March 2026)",
}

@Article{elLozy:1979:RAS,
  author =       "Mohamed {el Lozy}",
  title =        "Remark on ``{Algorithm 395}: {Student}'s
                 $t$-Distribution'' and Remark on ``{Algorithm 396}:
                 {Student}'s Quantiles [{S14}]''",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "238--239",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/355826.355837",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0098-3500",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 06 05:28:16 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toms.bib",
  note =         "See
                 \cite{Hill:1970:AASa,Hill:1970:AASb,Hill:1981:RSD,Hill:1985:RCS}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Math. Softw.",
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/toms",
  remark =       "Fullerton: The algorithms are corrected for computers
                 with anomalously small word lengths (e.g., IBM and
                 Interdata).",
}

@Article{Foxley:1979:BRB,
  author =       "Eric Foxley",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Algol 68: a first and second
                 course}}. Andrew D. McGettrick, C.U.P., Cambridge,
                 1978. No. of pages: 360. Price: \pounds 12.50 (hard
                 cover), \pounds 5.50 (paperback)}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "425--425",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380090506",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 10 12:36:39 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Glanc:1979:ECD,
  author =       "Alois Glanc",
  title =        "On expressing control and data structures in predicate
                 logic language {ALGOL M}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "32--34",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/988078.988083",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:10:21 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  abstract =     "We define a procedural semantics for a many sorted
                 predicate logic on many sorted models with generators.
                 Then we express in Predicate Logic do forever, do
                 until, do while, for thru, do unless, call, resume and
                 demon control constructs. Data Structures can be
                 represented using vectors (sequence of logic variables
                 of the same sort.) This indicates that predicate logic
                 can be a base of a high level language (ALGOL M) where
                 programming can be as easy and efficient as in most
                 other programming languages and whose syntax and
                 semantics is simple and uniform. This language has
                 systems programming like features, facilitating
                 representation and utilization of knowledge in
                 Artificial Intelligence Applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4210 (Formal logic); C6120 (File organisation);
                 C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., California State Univ.,
                 Northridge, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL M; control constructs; data structures;
                 formal logic; predicate logic language; procedural
                 semantics",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Graham:1979:HSTa,
  author =       "Susan L. Graham and William N. Joy and O. Roubine",
  title =        "Hashed symbol tables for languages with explicit scope
                 control",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "50--57",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:27 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  abstract =     "Newer programming languages such as Modula and Euclid
                 provide more control than traditional Algol-like
                 languages such as ALGOL-60 and Pascal over the
                 inheritance, in inner scopes, of named entities
                 available in outer scopes. They also provide mechanisms
                 whereby chosen entities from inner scopes may be made
                 available to outer scopes. In this paper we show how a
                 hashed symbol table can be organized to implement these
                 new scope rules in a time and space efficient way.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors)",
  conflocation = "Denver, CO, USA; 6-10 Aug. 1979",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the SIGPLAN Symposium on Compiler
                 Construction",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Electrical Engng. and Computer Sci., Univ. of
                 California, Berkeley, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "EUCLID; explicit scope control; hashed symbol table;
                 Modula; program compilers",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@InProceedings{Graham:1979:HSTb,
  author =       "Susan L. Graham and William N. Joy and O. Roubine",
  title =        "Hashed symbol tables for languages with explicit scope
                 control",
  crossref =     "ACM:1979:PSS",
  pages =        "50--57",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Mon Feb 11 11:46:20 1985",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hash.bib",
  abstract =     "Newer programming languages such as Modula and Euclid
                 provide more control than traditional Algol-like
                 languages such as ALGOL-60 and Pascal over the
                 inheritance, in inner scopes, of named entities
                 available in outer scopes. They also provide mechanisms
                 whereby chosen entities from inner scopes may be made
                 available to outer scopes. In this paper we show how a
                 hashed symbol table can be organized to implement these
                 new scope rules in a time and space efficient way.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grune:1979:SSA,
  author =       "Dick Grune",
  title =        "Some statistics on {ALGOL 68} programs",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "38--46",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:26 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors)",
  corpsource =   "Math. Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68 programs; compiler; compiler construction;
                 optimisation; program compilers; statistics",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Gutknecht:1979:FAC,
  author =       "M. H. Gutknecht",
  title =        "Fast Algorithms for the Conjugate Periodic Function",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "79--91",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  MRclass =      "65T05 (65-04 68C05)",
  MRnumber =     "82e:65137",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:54 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date); MathSciNet
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Seminar f{\"u}r Angewandte Math., Eidg Tech Hochsch,
                 Zurich, Switzerland",
  classification = "723; C4130; C4190",
  description =  "fast Fourier transforms; function approximation",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  journalabr =   "Computing (Vienna/New York)",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; computer programming; conjugate periodic
                 function; fast algorithms; fast Fourier transform",
}

@Article{Hennell:1979:ETN,
  author =       "M. A. Hennell and D. Hedley",
  title =        "An experimental testbed for numerical software. {II}.
                 {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "53--56",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/22.1.53",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:04 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/1/53.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/53.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/54.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/55.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/56.tif",
  abstract =     "A description is given of the extension of an existing
                 FORTRAN IV numerical software testbed to enable ALGOL
                 68 programs to be investigated. The extensions
                 necessary were two-fold; first, a complete rewrite of
                 the first phase, a static analysis in which the source
                 text is reformatted, analyzed for all possible control
                 jumps and statistics on language constructs are
                 collected. The second major extension was to
                 incorporate into the second phase an existing ALGOL 68
                 compiler which after some modification enables dynamic
                 execution histories to be collected in a data base.
                 These modifications to the compiler represent
                 extensions to the language definition which enable user
                 programs to trace themselves. The utilization of this
                 compiler restricts source code programs to be written
                 in ALGOL 68s, an official ALGOL 68 subset. The third,
                 the analysis phase, is essentially identical in both
                 the FORTRAN and ALGOL 68 systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C4100 (Numerical analysis); C6110 (Systems analysis
                 and programming); C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and
                 other processors); C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Computational Sci. Dept., Univ. of Liverpool,
                 Liverpool, UK",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; compiler; computer programming languages;
                 numerical analysis; numerical software; program
                 compilers; testbed",
  treatment =    "P Practical; X Experimental",
}

@Article{Hennell:1979:RPP,
  author =       "M. A. Hennell",
  title =        "The role of procedural parameters in high order
                 languages",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "47--50",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:26 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6140
                 (Programming languages)",
  corpsource =   "Computational Sci. Dept., Univ. of Liverpool,
                 Liverpool, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; exception situations; functions; high order
                 languages; labels; procedural parameters; programming
                 languages; software engineering; statements; types",
  treatment =    "G General Review",
}

@Unpublished{Janssen:1979:PCQ,
  author =       "Theo Janssen",
  title =        "On problems concerning the quantification rules in
                 {Montague} grammar: (preprint)",
  number =       "ZW 124/79",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kawai:1979:LSS,
  author =       "Satoru Kawai",
  title =        "Lattice Structure Segmentation of {ALGOL}-like
                 Programs",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "485--498",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380090608",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Langmaack:1979:FTP,
  author =       "Hans Langmaack and Wolfram Lippe and Franz Wagner",
  title =        "The formal termination problem for programs with
                 finite {ALGOL 68}-modes",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "155--159",
  day =          "5",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  MRclass =      "68C30",
  MRnumber =     "80m:68045",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 17 10:49:43 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Inst. f{\"u}r Informatik Praktische Math., Univ. Kiel,
                 Kiel, West Germany",
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; compiler constructors; conditional
                 statements; finite ALGOL68 modes; formal termination;
                 nondeterministic alternative statements; procedure
                 oriented languages; solvability proof",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{LeBlanc:1979:ISC,
  author =       "Richard J. LeBlanc and Charles N. Fischer",
  title =        "On implementing separate compilation in
                 block-structured languages",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "139--143",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:27 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6120 (File organisation); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  conflocation = "Denver, CO, USA; 6-10 Aug. 1979",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the SIGPLAN Symposium on Compiler
                 Construction",
  corpsource =   "School of Information and Computer Sci., Georgia Inst.
                 of Technol., Atlanta, GA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL blocks; block; block structural languages; block
                 structure; data structures; Euclid modules; PASCAL
                 procedures; program compilers; programming language
                 design; separate compilation",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Lippe:1979:EPG,
  author =       "W. M. Lippe and F. Simon",
  title =        "{Zur Elimination von Prozedurschachtelungen}.
                 ({German}) [{On} the elimination of procedure
                 nestings]",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "119--138",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  MRclass =      "68B10",
  MRnumber =     "82f:68017",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 2 17:40:54 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 INSPEC Axiom database (1968--date); MathSciNet
                 database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Christian-Albrechts Univ. Kiel, Kiel, West Germany",
  classification = "723; C6140D",
  description =  "ALGOL; procedure oriented languages",
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
  journalabr =   "Computing (Vienna/New York)",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60 program; Algol-like programming languages;
                 computer programming; elimination of procedure
                 nestings; equivalence; maximal procedure nesting;
                 procedure nesting",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{McGettrick:1979:AAM,
  author =       "Andrew D. McGettrick",
  title =        "Aspects of the {ALGOL 68} mode structure",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "62--77",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:26 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Univ. of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
                 UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; ALGOL 68 mode structure; programming
                 language",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Book{Meek:1979:FPA,
  author =       "B. L. (Brian Lawrence) Meek",
  title =        "{Fortran}, {PL-I} and the {Algols}",
  publisher =    pub-AMER-ELS,
  address =      pub-AMER-ELS:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 291",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1979",
  ISBN =         "0-444-19464-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-444-19464-0",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.F25 M43",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 27 17:58:26 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0444194649/wholesaleproductA/;
                 http://www.cbooks.com/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.cbooks.com/sqlnut/SP/search/gtsumt?source=&isbn=0444194649",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "FORTRAN (Computer program language); PL/I (Computer
                 program language); ALGOL (Computer program language);
                 Fortran (Langage de programmation); PL/1 (Langage de
                 programmation); ALGOL (Langage de programmation); ALGOL
                 (Computer program language); FORTRAN (Computer program
                 language); PL/I (Computer program language); FORTRAN;
                 PL/1; ALGOL",
}

@Article{Middleton:1979:AGA,
  author =       "Tony Middleton",
  title =        "Automatic generation of aggregate operators in {ALGOL
                 68}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "685--690",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380090808",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 10 12:36:39 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Oliver:1979:PEA,
  author =       "J. R. Oliver and R. S. Newton",
  title =        "Practical Experience with {Algol 68-Rt}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "114--118",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/22.2.114",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:05 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/2/114.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_02/tiff/114.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_02/tiff/115.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_02/tiff/116.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_02/tiff/117.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_02/tiff/118.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "HQ RAF Strike Command, High Wycombe, UK",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; Command; computer programming languages; HQ
                 RAF Strike; military users; online multi access system;
                 parallel processing",
  treatment =    "G General Review",
}

@Article{Pagan:1979:AMD,
  author =       "F. G. Pagan",
  title =        "{Algol 68} as a Metalanguage for Denotational
                 Semantics",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "63--66",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/22.1.63",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:04 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/1/63.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/63.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/64.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/65.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_22/Issue_01/tiff/66.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C4210 (Formal logic); C6140D (High level languages)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Computer Sci. Group, Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland,
                 St. John's, Nfld., Canada",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; computer programming languages; denotational
                 semantics; formal languages; LOOP; metalanguage",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Pagan:1979:SSU,
  author =       "Frank G. Pagan",
  title =        "Semantic Specification Using Two-Level Grammars:
                 Blocks, Procedures and Parameters",
  journal =      j-COMP-LANGS,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "3-4",
  pages =        "171--185",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "COLADA",
  ISSN =         "0096-0551 (print), 1873-6742 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0096-0551",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 14:04:06 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/complngs.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4210 (Formal logic)",
  classification = "721; 723",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Southern Illinois Univ.,
                 Carbondale, IL, USA",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00960551",
  journalabr =   "Comput Lang",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; automata theory --- Grammars; blocks; complete
                 syntax; computer programming languages; formal
                 semantics; grammars; parameters; procedures; two-level
                 grammars",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@TechReport{Schneider:1979:DSI,
  author =       "M. J. Schneider",
  title =        "{Die Definition Der Sprache `Langzahl-Triplex-Algol
                 60' Und Ihre Implementierung Durch Einen
                 Pr{\"a}compiler (Diplomarbeit)}",
  type =         "Freiburger Intervall-Ber.",
  number =       "79/3",
  institution =  "Universit{\"a}t Freiburg",
  address =      "Freiburg, Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1979",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@Article{Schonfelder:1979:APA,
  author =       "J. L. Schonfelder and J. T. Thomason",
  title =        "Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic in {Algol 68}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "173--182",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380090302",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Schwartz:1979:SVA,
  author =       "Richard L. Schwartz and Daniel M. Berry",
  title =        "A semantic view of {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-COMP-LANGS,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--15",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "COLADA",
  ISSN =         "0096-0551 (print), 1873-6742 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0096-0551",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 14:04:06 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/complngs.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Computer Sci. Dept., Univ. of California, Los Angeles,
                 CA, USA",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00960551",
  journalabr =   "Comput Lang",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; computer programming languages; semantic
                 view",
  treatment =    "A Application",
}

@Article{Smart:1979:MEP,
  author =       "Robert K. Smart",
  title =        "{Micro Extensible Programming Language}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "54--63",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/988090.988097",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:10:38 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1970.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes Micro Extensible Programming
                 Language, a language designed to show how almost all
                 the constructs of a major language like ALGOL 68 can be
                 developed in a language which has procedure call and
                 return as its only control structure. The user can and
                 must define his own primitive modes and objects, there
                 being none built in. It is shown how the modes and
                 procedures thus defined form a Category in the modern
                 mathematical sense.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Computer Centre, La Trobe Univ., Bundoora, Vic.,
                 Australia",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; category; control structure; MEPL; Micro
                 Extensible Programming Language",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Temme:1979:AAP,
  author =       "N. M. Temme",
  title =        "An Algorithm with {ALGOL 60} Program for the
                 Computation of the Zeros of Ordinary {Bessel} Functions
                 and those of their Derivatives",
  journal =      j-J-COMPUT-PHYS,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "270--279",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "JCTPAH",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(79)90134-7",
  ISSN =         "0021-9991 (print), 1090-2716 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-9991",
  bibdate =      "Sun Jan 1 09:15:34 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jcomputphys1970.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0021999179901347",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  citedby =      "Fullerton:1980:BEM",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Computational Physics",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00219991/",
  remark =       "Fullerton: An adjustable-accuracy 100 line Algol
                 procedure is discussed.",
}

@Article{VanRemoortere:1979:BRR,
  author =       "P. {Van Remoortere}",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Realzeitrechner-Modelle}}:
                 B. Walke: Published by R. Oldenburg Verlag,
                 M{\"u}nchen, 1978, 240 seiten, 81 Abbildungen, 8
                 Tabellen, 5 ALGOL-Programme, DM.44,00. ISBN
                 3-486-21551-5}",
  journal =      j-MATH-COMPUT-SIMUL,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "390--390",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "MCSIDR",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4754(79)90041-7",
  ISSN =         "0378-4754 (print), 1872-7166 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0378-4754",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 15 13:24:21 MDT 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/mathcomputsimul1970.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0378475479900417",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Math. Comput. Simul.",
  fjournal =     "Mathematics and Computers in Simulation",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03784754",
}

@Book{vanVliet:1979:ATPa,
  author =       "J. C. (Johannes Cornelis) van Vliet",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68} {\bf transput}: {Part I}: {Historical}
                 review and discussion of the implementation model",
  volume =       "110",
  publisher =    inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "ix + 59",
  year =         "1979",
  ISBN =         "90-6196-178-5 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-90-6196-178-9 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 V55",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Mathematical Centre tracts",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Book{vanVliet:1979:ATPb,
  author =       "J. C. (Johannes Cornelis) van Vliet",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68} {\bf transput}: {Part II}. {An}
                 implementation model",
  volume =       "111",
  publisher =    inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "ii + 218",
  year =         "1979",
  ISBN =         "90-6196-179-3 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-90-6196-179-6 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 V55",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 17 08:05:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Mathematical Centre tracts",
  URL =          "https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/12676/12676D.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "232",
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
  tableofcontents = "1. Introduction / 1 \\
                 2. Underlying primitives / 5 \\
                 3. Positions 9 / 1 \\
                 4. Books, channels and files: the basic model / 15 \\
                 4.1. Books / 15 \\
                 4.1.1. Differences / 15 \\
                 4.1.2. New definition / 15 \\
                 4.2. Channels / 20 \\
                 4.2.1. Differences / 20 \\
                 4.2.2. New definition / 21 \\
                 4.3. Files / 26 \\
                 4.3.1. Differences / 26 \\
                 4.3.2. New definition / 28 \\
                 4.4. Main operating system interface / 40 \\
                 4.4.1. Buffer primitives / 40 \\
                 4,4.2. Conversion primitives / 51 \\
                 4,4,3, Books with a buffer size less than one line / 54
                 \\
                 5. Opening and closing files / 56 \\
                 5.1. Differences / 56 \\
                 5.2. New definition / 57 \\
                 6. Position enquiries / 77 \\
                 6.1. Differences / 77 \\
                 6.2. New definition / 77 \\
                 6.3. Efficiency / 83 \\
                 7. Layout routines / 84 \\
                 7.1. Differences / 84 \\
                 7.2. New definition / 86 \\
                 7,3. Efficiency / 99 \\
                 8. Conversion routines / 102 \\
                 8.1. Differences / 102 \\
                 8.2. New definition / 103 \\
                 8.3. Efficiency / 117 \\
                 9, Transput modes and straightening / 119 \\
                 9.1. Differences / 119 \\
                 9.2. New definition / 119 \\
                 10. Formatless transput / 121 \\
                 10.1. Differences / 121 \\
                 10.2. New definition / 122 \\
                 10.3. Efficiency / 142 \\
                 11. Formatted transput / 144 \\
                 11.1. Differences / 144 \\
                 11.2. New definition / 148 \\
                 11.2.1. Mode declarations 11.2.2. Semantics / 153 \\
                 11.2.3. Formatted transput routines / 163 \\
                 11.3. Efficiency / 199 \\
                 12. Binary transput / 201 \\
                 12.1. Differences / 201 \\
                 12.2. New definition / 202 \\
                 13. Opening of standard files / 205 \\
                 13.1. Differences / 205 \\
                 13.2. New definition / 205 \\
                 References / 207 \\
                 Index / 210",
}

@Article{Zuse:1979:REC,
  author =       "Konrad Zuse",
  title =        "{Die Rolle der ETH bei der Computerentwicklung. Dem
                 Andenken an Eduard Stiefel}. ({German}) [{The} role of
                 {ETH} in computer development: In memory of {Eduard
                 Stiefel}]",
  journal =      j-Z-ANGE-MATH-PHYS,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "399--403",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1979",
  CODEN =        "ZAMPDB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01601951",
  ISSN =         "0044-2275 (print), 1420-9039 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0044-2275",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 27 16:09:33 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hestenes-magnus-r.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/stiefel-eduard.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Konrad Zuse (22 June 1910--18 December 1995)",
  fjournal =     "{Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Mathematik und Physik
                 = Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics}",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/33",
  language =     "German",
  remark =       "From \cite[p. 84]{OLeary:2001:MCG}: ``Stiefel was a
                 visionary who realized the enormous significance of the
                 new computing technology and the impact it would have
                 on mathematics and science. When he discovered in 1949
                 that a major computing engine, the Z4 of the German
                 designer Konrad Zuse, was sitting in the small alpine
                 village of Neukitchen, Germany, he traveled there and
                 arranged for the machine to be rented and moved to ETH.
                 Zuse, isolated by wartime secrecy, had independently
                 developed computing technology that in many ways was
                 superior to that available in the U.S. at the time
                 [13]. Stiefel's initiative made ETH the first European
                 university with an electronic computer, putting it in
                 the forefront of numerical computation and computer
                 science. This led to several breakthrough developments
                 by him and his colleagues, including the $ q d $
                 algorithm, the programming language ALGOL, and the
                 conjugate gradient algorithm.",
  subject-dates = "Eduard Stiefel (21 April 1909--25 November 1978);
                 Magnus Rudolf Hestenes (13 February 1906--31 May
                 1991)",
}

@Article{Aretz:1980:SSA,
  author =       "F. E. J. Kruseman Aretz and Jan L. A. van de
                 Snepscheut and H. Grasdijk and J. M. H. Smeets",
  title =        "{SATHE}: Some Aspects of an {ALGOL} Implementation",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "563--573",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380100707",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@InProceedings{Backus:1980:PAS,
  author =       "John Backus",
  title =        "Programming in {America} in the 1950s: Some Personal
                 Impressions",
  crossref =     "Metropolis:1980:HCT",
  pages =        "125--135",
  year =         "1980",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-491650-0.50017-4",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 19 08:00:13 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124916500500174",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-pm,
  author-dates = "John Warner Backus (3 December 1924--17 March 2007)",
  remark-01 =    "From page 126: ``\ldots{} Selective Sequence
                 Electronic Calculator (SSEC). This vast machine (circa
                 1948--1952) had a store of 150 words \ldots{}''",
  remark-02 =    "From page 126--127: ``Programming in the America of
                 the 1950s had a vital frontier enthusiasm virtually
                 untainted by either the scholarship or the stuffiness
                 of academia. \ldots{} Thus, of 15 papers presented at
                 an Office of Naval Research (ONR) symposium on
                 automatic programming for digital computers in May 1954
                 [2], only two have separate acknowledgements and none
                 refers to other papers.''",
  remark-03 =    "From page 128: ``Very early in the 1950s, J. Halcombe
                 Laning, Jr., recognized that programming using
                 algebraic expressions would be an important
                 improvement. As a result of that insight he and Neal
                 Zierler had the first algebraic compiler running on
                 WHIRLWIND at MIT in January 1954.''",
  remark-04 =    "From pages 129--130: ``The facts are these: work on
                 FORTRAN began about January 1954 by Ziller and myself.
                 By about April we had been joined by Harlan Herrick,
                 who coauthored with me the paper \booktitle{IBM 701
                 Speedcoding and other Automatic Programming systems}
                 for the ONR symposium on 13 and 14 of May [1954].''",
  remark-05 =    "From page 130: ``(1) our article was written before we
                 first heard of Laning's work at the ONR symposium and
                 before the demonstration, and (2) by 21 May [1954] the
                 FORTRAN group comprised four people: [Harlan] Herrick,
                 Robert A. Nelson, [Irving] Ziller, and myself.''",
  remark-06 =    "From page 131: ``This interest led directly to work on
                 Speedcoding for the 701 and to efforts to have floating
                 point as well as indexing built into the 704''",
  remark-07 =    "From page 131: ``most operating time was spent in
                 floating-point subroutines. But the advent of the 704
                 with built-in floating-point and indexing radically
                 altered the situation.''",
  remark-08 =    "From page 131: ``The initial external design for
                 FORTRAN was completed in November 1954.''",
  remark-09 =    "From page 132: ``A large number of difficult problems
                 had to be solved by the nine persons [Sheldon Best, R.
                 Goldberg, L. M. Haibt, Harlan L. Herrick, Robert A.
                 Nelson, D. Sayre, P. B. Sheridan, and Irving Ziller]
                 who were the principal planners and programmers of the
                 six sections of the 704 FORTRAN I compiler''",
  remark-10 =    "From page 132: ``The result of the optimization
                 efforts of the FORTRAN group and particularly of the
                 pioneering work of Best, Nelson, and Ziller was a level
                 of optimization of object programs which was not to be
                 found again in subsequent compilers until the late
                 1960s.''",
  remark-11 =    "From pages 132--133: ``In a recent course on
                 computability given by Martin Davis, I had been exposed
                 to the work of the logician Emil Post and his notion of
                 a `production'. As soon as the need for precise
                 description was noted, it became obvious that Post's
                 productions were well suited for that purpose. I
                 hastily adapted them for use in describing the syntax
                 of IAL. The resulting paper [5] was received with a
                 silence that made it seem that precise syntax
                 description was an idea whose time had not yet come. As
                 far as I know that paper had only one reader, Peter
                 Naur. Fortunately, he had independently recognized the
                 need for precision; he improved the notation \ldots{}
                 He thus proved the usefulness of the idea in a widely
                 read paper and it was accepted.'' However, entry
                 \cite[page 17]{Shasha:1998:TML} says that Davis did not
                 teach that class until 1960--1961, after the
                 development of the Backus Normal Form.",
  subject-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
}

@InProceedings{Bauer:1980:BZR,
  author =       "Friedrich L. Bauer",
  title =        "Between {Zuse} and {Rutishauser} --- The Early
                 Development of Digital Computing in {Central Europe}",
  crossref =     "Metropolis:1980:HCT",
  pages =        "505--524",
  year =         "1980",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-491650-0.50037-X",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 19 08:00:13 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012491650050037X;
                 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015)",
  remark-1 =     "On pages 520--521, about the May 1958 GAMM-ACM meeting
                 in Zurich, Switzerland, Bauer writes: ``We could agree
                 on everything but the name; Rutishauser disliked IAL,
                 International Algebraic Language. The name ALGOL came
                 up at a fall 1958 meeting of the ZMD people at Mainz
                 University, to which place I had moved. Someone said,
                 ``Algorithmic language abbreviated gives ALGOL,'' and
                 the ones among us who had studied astronomy immediately
                 saw the pun.'' [Algol is the name of a star that is
                 sometimes called the Demon Star. Its name comes from
                 Arabic, meaning the ogre or ghoul. It was possibly
                 known to ancient Egyptians before 1200 BCE, and got its
                 nickname because of the variability of its
                 brightness.]",
  remark-2 =     "From page 521: ``By the end of 1958, an ALGOL 58
                 compiler for the Z22, written by Paul, was working in
                 Mainz, while one for the PERM, written by
                 Seegm{\"u}ller, was ready in Munich, and one for the
                 ERMETH was finished by Schwarz. Several other computing
                 centers and manufacturers (Regnecentralen Copenhagen,
                 University of Bonn, MAIL{\"U}FTERL Vienna, Oak Ridge
                 National Laboratory, Siemens \& Halske AG) then joined
                 in and formed the ALCOR group to which the existing
                 general compiler description based on the cellar
                 principle was made available. Thus, the European side
                 went to the ALGOL 60 Conference in Paris, January,
                 1960, with strong technical experience.''",
}

@Article{Boom:1980:CCS,
  author =       "H. J. Boom and E. de Jong",
  title =        "A Critical Comparison of Several Programming Language
                 Implementations",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "435--473",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380100605",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "Algol 60; Algol 68; Fortran; Pascal",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
  remark =       "From p. 450: ``At first sight, Pascal seems to be
                 singularly free of the barnacles usually found
                 encrusted on a programming language. Further inquiry,
                 however, leads one to conclude that the ragged
                 collections of extra features that other languages bear
                 have been replaced by ragged and inconvenient
                 restrictions.''",
}

@Article{Brailsford:1980:BRB,
  author =       "David F. Brailsford",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Informal introduction to
                 Algol 68}} (revised edn), C. H. Lindsey and S. G. van
                 der Meulen, North Holland, 1977. No. of pages: 361.
                 Price: \pounds 14.00}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "161--162",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380100209",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 10 12:36:39 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Conway:1980:BRI,
  author =       "D. E. Conway",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Introductory Algol 68
                 Programming}} by D. F. Brailsford, A. N. Walker}",
  journal =      j-MATH-GAZ,
  volume =       "64",
  number =       "429",
  pages =        "224--224",
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "MAGAAS",
  ISSN =         "0025-5572 (print), 2056-6328 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 20 12:00:30 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3615158",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Mathematical Gazette",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/mathgaze",
}

@Article{Culik:1980:WFL,
  author =       "Karel {\v{C}}ulik",
  title =        "What is a flowchart loop and about structured
                 programming",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "45--57",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:30 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming)",
  corpsource =   "Computer Sci. Dept., Pennsylvania State Univ.,
                 University Park, PA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; flowchart loop; flowcharting; FORTRAN;
                 programming languages; structured programming; syntax",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Evans:1980:ADP,
  author =       "D. J. Evans and Shirley A. Williams",
  title =        "Analysis and Detection of Parallel Processable Code",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "66--72",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/23.1.66",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:07 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/1/66.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_01/tiff/66.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_01/tiff/67.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_01/tiff/68.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_01/tiff/69.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_01/tiff/70.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_01/tiff/71.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_01/tiff/72.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Studies, Loughborough Univ. of
                 Technol., Loughborough, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL type languages; computer programming; parallel
                 processable code; parallel processing",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Ford:1980:BRB,
  author =       "Brian Ford and David Jacobs and A. M. Addyman",
  title =        "Book reviews: {{\booktitle{Workshop on Reliable
                 Software: Applied Computer Science}}, by Peter Raulefs,
                 1979}; {{\booktitle{Reliable Software Through Composite
                 Design}}, by G. J. Myers, 1975}; {{\booktitle{Fortran,
                 PL/1 and the Algols}}, by Brian Meek, 1978}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "146--146",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/23.2.146",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 07 17:59:43 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1980.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_02/tiff/146.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Ford:1980:BRW,
  author =       "Brian Ford and David Jacobs and A. M. Addyman",
  title =        "Book reviews: {{\em Workshop on Reliable Software:
                 Applied Computer Science}, by Peter Raulefs, 1979};
                 {{\em Reliable Software Through Composite Design}, by
                 G. J. Myers, 1975}; {{\em Fortran, PL/1 and the
                 Algols}, by Brian Meek, 1978}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "146--146",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 07 17:59:43 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_02/tiff/146.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
}

@Article{Garside:1980:API,
  author =       "G. R. Garside and P. E. Pintelas",
  title =        "An {ALGOL 68} package for implementing graph
                 algorithms",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "237--242",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/23.3.237",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:08 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/3.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/3/237.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_03/tiff/237.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_03/tiff/238.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_03/tiff/239.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_03/tiff/240.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_03/tiff/241.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_03/tiff/242.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C1160 (Combinatorial mathematics); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Univ. of Bradford, Bradford, UK",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; computer programming; data structures; graph
                 algorithms; graph theory",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Gobin:1980:FHP,
  author =       "Marc A. Gobin",
  title =        "File handling in programming languages",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "42--47",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 28 16:16:57 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6120 (File organisation); C6130 (Data handling
                 techniques)",
  corpsource =   "Military Acad., Brussels, Belgium",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL68; COBOL; data handling; file organisation;
                 files; PL/1; programming languages; RPG",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@InProceedings{Guenther:1980:PSI,
  author =       "G. Guenther and G. Marquardt",
  editor =       "K. Nickel",
  booktitle =    "Interval Mathematics 1980",
  title =        "A Programming System for Interval Arithmetic in {Algol
                 68}",
  publisher =    pub-ACADEMIC,
  address =      pub-ACADEMIC:adr,
  pages =        "355--366",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@Article{Hammerlin:1980:PKA,
  author =       "G{\"u}nther H{\"a}mmerlin and Larry L. Schumaker",
  title =        "Procedures for kernel approximation and solution of
                 {Fredholm} integral equations of the second kind",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "125--141",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  MRclass =      "65R20 (41A15 65-04)",
  MRnumber =     "81a:65122",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 26 11:49:34 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nummath.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4130 (Interpolation and function approximation);
                 C4180 (Integral equations); C4240 (Programming and
                 algorithm theory)",
  corpsource =   "Math. Inst., Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ., M{\"u}nchen,
                 West Germany",
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/211",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; computational complexity; eigenvalues and
                 eigenfunctions; Fredholm integral equation; integral
                 equations; kernel approximation; optimal order error
                 bound; splines (mathematics); tensor product spline",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Igarashi:1980:SAP,
  author =       "Y. Igarashi",
  title =        "The size of arrays for a prime implicant generating
                 algorithm",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "73--77",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/23.1.73",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  MRclass =      "68C05 (05A20 94C10)",
  MRnumber =     "80m:68031",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:07 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/1/73.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_01/tiff/73.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_01/tiff/74.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_01/tiff/75.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_01/tiff/76.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_23/Issue_01/tiff/77.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C4230B (Combinatorial switching theory)",
  corpsource =   "Computer Sci. Div., Dept. of Math., City Univ.,
                 London, UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; arrays; Boolean algebra; combinatorial;
                 combinatorial switching; prime implicant generating
                 algorithm; problems; star algorithm",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Ince:1980:ABA,
  author =       "Darrel C. Ince and Keith Robson",
  title =        "An {Algol 68} Based Algebraic Manipulation System",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "427--430",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380100603",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Ince:1980:IIL,
  author =       "D. C. Ince",
  title =        "An interpretative implementation of limited entry
                 decision tables in {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "43--45",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 28 16:16:53 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6120 (File organisation); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  corpsource =   "Faculty of Math., Open Univ., Bletchley, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; implementation; limited entry decision
                 tables; table lookup; table lookup table lookup",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Joshi:1980:LCP,
  author =       "A. K. Joshi and L. S. Levy and K. Yueh",
  title =        "Local constraints in programming languages. {I}.
                 Syntax",
  journal =      j-THEOR-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "265--290",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "TCSCDI",
  ISSN =         "0304-3975 (print), 1879-2294 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0304-3975",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 22 13:36:07 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tcs1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4210 (Formal logic)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer and Information Sci., Univ. of
                 Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA",
  fjournal =     "Theoretical Computer Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03043975/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; context free languages; context-free
                 grammars; context-free languages; correctness proof;
                 grammatical structure; local constraints; parsing
                 algorithm; programming languages; syntax; tree",
  pubcountry =   "Netherlands",
  treatment =    "A Application; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@InProceedings{Knuth:1980:EDP,
  author =       "Donald E. Knuth and Luis Trabb Pardo",
  title =        "The early development of programming languages",
  crossref =     "Metropolis:1980:HCT",
  pages =        "197--273",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 06:08:28 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kumar:1980:PRB,
  author =       "Gopa Kumar and C. Thomas Nute",
  title =        "Program restructuring for block structured languages",
  journal =      j-SIGMETRICS,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "67--79",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/800199.806151",
  ISSN =         "0163-5999 (print), 1557-9484 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 26 10:54:53 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigmetrics.bib",
  abstract =     "Prior studies of program restructuring to increase the
                 degree of locality of a program in a paged virtual
                 memory system were restricted to statically allocated
                 codes only. This work develops a restructuring
                 methodology for block structured languages like Algol,
                 with dynamic memory allocation. We subsequently
                 restructure and analyze different classes of programs
                 using this methodology and study the performance gains
                 realized with different restructuring heuristics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Perform. Eval. Rev.",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigmetrics",
}

@Article{McClintock:1980:TCA,
  author =       "John McClintock and Paul Klint",
  title =        "Technical Correspondence: {Algol-W} Approach to Line
                 Number Maintenance",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "729--729",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 29 06:34:29 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Commun. ACM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Book{McGettrick:1980:AFS,
  author =       "Andrew D. McGettrick",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68}: a First and Second Course",
  volume =       "8",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 348",
  year =         "1980",
  ISBN =         "0-521-21412-2 (hardcover), 0-521-29143-7 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-21412-4 (hardcover), 978-0-521-29143-9
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 M3",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 16:40:31 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Cambridge computer science texts",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1944--",
}

@Article{Pagan:1980:NSA,
  author =       "Frank G. Pagan",
  title =        "Nested sublanguages of {ALGOL 68} for teaching
                 purposes",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "7--8",
  pages =        "72--81",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # aug,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 28 16:16:56 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C0220 (Computing education and training); C6140D
                 (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Southern Illinois Univ.,
                 Carbondale, IL, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; computer science education; nested
                 sublanguages; teaching",
  treatment =    "A Application",
}

@Article{Siero:1980:AAC,
  author =       "P. L. J. Siero",
  title =        "{APL} and {Algol68}, the correspondence and the
                 differences, especially in applications of
                 graph-analysis",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "56--61",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 28 16:16:58 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C1160 (Combinatorial mathematics); C6140D (High
                 level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Leiden Univ. Computer Centre, Leiden, Netherlands",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; Algol68; APL; characteristics; compared;
                 correspondence; differences; graph theory",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Sint:1980:DAE,
  author =       "M. Sint",
  title =        "Design of an {ALGOL68} extension for graphics",
  journal =      j-COMP-GRAPHICS,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "332--354",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1980",
  CODEN =        "CGRADI, CPGPBZ",
  ISSN =         "0097-8930 (print), 1558-4569 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8930",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 11:33:44 2026",
  bibsource =    "Graphics/imager/imager.80.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/siggraph.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Graphics",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J166",
  keywords =     "graphical/programming languages",
}

@Book{Starostenko:1980:MAF,
  author =       "Vitalii Ivanovich Starostenko and Antonina Nikolaevna
                 Zavorotko",
  title =        "Metodika i {Algol} ({Fortran})--programmy ustoichivogo
                 resheniia obratnykh lineinykh i nelineinykh zadach
                 gravimetrii",
  publisher =    "``Nauk. dumka''",
  address =      "Kiev, USSR",
  pages =        "102",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran1.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "At head of title: Akademiia nauk Ukrainskoi SSR.
                 Institut geofiziki im. S. I. Subbotina. Bibliography:
                 p. [101].",
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); FORTRAN (Computer
                 program language); Gravity --- Measurement --- Data
                 processing.",
}

@Book{Torn:1980:PFP,
  author =       "Aimo A. T{\"o}rn",
  title =        "Programmering: fr{\aa}n problem till dokumentation med
                 introduction i {Algol 60}, {Basic}, {Fortran IV och
                 77}, {Pascal} och {Simula}. ({Swedish}) [{Programming}:
                 from problem to documentation with an introduction to
                 {Algol 60}, {Basic}, {Fortran IV} and 77, {Pascal} and
                 {Simula}]",
  publisher =    "{\AA}bo akademi",
  address =      "{\AA}bo, Finland",
  pages =        "226",
  year =         "1980",
  ISBN =         "951-648-641-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-951-648-641-6",
  ISSN =         "0358-3392",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:12:51 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Rapporter fr{\aa}n {\AA}bo akademi.
                 Informationsbehandling and matematik. Series B",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Swedish",
}

@Misc{vanderMeulen:1980:ADT,
  author =       "S. G. van der Meulen",
  title =        "Abstract data types for numerical applications and
                 some thoughts on precision.",
  howpublished = "Presentation at IFIP WG 2.5 (Numerical Software)
                 meeting, Harwell, 1980",
  pages =        "??",
  day =          "14",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 11:49:30 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://web.archive.org/web/20061009123241/https://www.nsc.liu.se/~boein/ifip/projects/p14.txt",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-pm,
  keywords =     "Algol 68",
}

@TechReport{xxx:1980:IAS,
  author =       "????",
  title =        "{Intval --- Ein Algol 68 System Zur
                 Intervallarithmetik}",
  type =         "Rrzn-Publ. No. Spr.",
  number =       "A68 8",
  institution =  "Regionales Rechenzentrum F{\"u}r Niedersachsen,
                 Universit{\"a}t Hannover",
  address =      "Hannover, West Germany",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@InProceedings{Zuse:1980:SRH,
  author =       "Konrad Zuse",
  title =        "Some Remarks on the History of Computing in
                 {Germany}",
  crossref =     "Metropolis:1980:HCT",
  pages =        "611--627",
  year =         "1980",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 07:17:25 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1981:RBA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Relationships between and among models",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "77--82",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/960124.806880",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:11:45 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  abstract =     "Mylopoulos: When we talk about a model, it can be
                 either a program snapshot or execution, or a program, a
                 data base, a conceptual schema, or a knowledge base. We
                 can think of a program as consisting of units of some
                 sort, e.g., procedures, assertions, data types; and
                 they are related by relationships of various kinds.
                 Some relationships are user-defined and dependent on
                 the domain the model is dealing with. On the other
                 hand, some of the relationships used to describe the
                 model are primitive, in the sense that their semantics
                 are well-defined and embedded in the modelling
                 framework in terms of which the model has been defined.
                 Some examples from the three areas being represented
                 here are ISA, PART-OF, INSTANCE-OF. Certain other
                 relationships include procedural attachment, used in AI
                 to associate procedures to data classes to specify
                 operations on instances of the classes. In programming
                 languages, considering statements as the units,
                 statement sequencing is a primitive relationship
                 between these units. Considering ALGOL-like begin
                 blocks as the units, scoping rules are relationships
                 between units (blocks). Procedure activation rules
                 between blocks are another example of a relationship
                 that can be considered as primitive and embedded in the
                 modelling framework. Simula concatenation, which allows
                 the definition of classes to be given in terms of other
                 classes gives a relationship between classes. The
                 association of operations to a data type can also be
                 treated as a relationship that has been used in PLs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@InProceedings{Backus:1981:CSB,
  author =       "John Backus",
  title =        "Is computer science based on the wrong fundamental
                 concept of `program'? {An} extended concept (Invited
                 Address)",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "133--165",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Bajpai:1981:FAP,
  author =       "Avinash Chandra Bajpai",
  title =        "{Fortran} and Algol: a programmed course for students
                 of science and technology",
  publisher =    pub-WILEY,
  address =      pub-WILEY:adr,
  pages =        "273",
  year =         "1981",
  ISBN =         "0-471-04371-0 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-471-04371-3 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib",
  series =       "A series of programmes on mathematics for scientists
                 and technologists",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Photocopy. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms
                 International, 1981.",
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); {Fortran} (Computer
                 program language)",
}

@Book{Bauer:1981:ASP,
  author =       "F. L. Bauer and H. W{\"o}ssner",
  title =        "{Algorithmische Sprache und Programmentwicklung. Unter
                 Mitarbeit von H. Partsch und P. Pepper}. ({German})
                 [{Algorithmic} language and program development. {With}
                 the collaboration of {H. Partsch} and {P. Pepper}]",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 513",
  year =         "1981",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05656-1",
  ISBN =         "0-387-09853-4, 3-540-09853-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-09853-1, 978-3-540-09853-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6 .B395 1981",
  MRclass =      "68-02 68Nxx",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 21 15:10:11 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  ZMID =         "03731307",
  ZMnumber =     "0466.68006",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015)",
  keywords =     "program construction; programming concepts;
                 programming languages",
  language =     "German",
  tableofcontents = "Front Matter / i--xv \\
                 Prop{\"a}deutik des Algorithmenbegriffs / 1--11 \\
                 Rechenvorschriften / 13--119 \\
                 Objekte und Objektstrukturen / 121--191 \\
                 Rechenstrukturen / 193--277 \\
                 {\"U}berf{\"u}hrung in repetitive Form / 279--320 \\
                 Programmvariable / 321--366 \\
                 Ablaufbestimmende Elemente / 367--422 \\
                 Organisierte Speicher und Geflechte / 423--465 \\
                 Schlu{\ss}. Programmieren als Entwicklungsproze{\ss} /
                 467--474 \\
                 Back Matter / 475--516",
}

@Article{Berry:1981:RRD,
  author =       "Daniel M. Berry",
  title =        "Remarks on {R. D. Tennent}'s {{\em Language Design
                 Methods Based on Semantic Principles: Algol 68, a
                 Language Designed Using Semantic Principles}}",
  journal =      j-ACTA-INFO,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "83--98",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "AINFA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-5903 (print), 1432-0525 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-5903",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 11:33:57 2026",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/HBP/ACTAI.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/actainfo.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Tennent:1977:LDM}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Acta Inf.",
  fjournal =     "Acta Informatica",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/236",
}

@InProceedings{Bossavit:1981:DVP,
  author =       "Alain Bossavit and Bertrand Meyer",
  title =        "The design of vector programs",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "99--114",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Broy:1981:DPP,
  author =       "M. Broy and P. Pepper and M. Wirsing",
  title =        "On design principles for programming languages: an
                 algebraic approach",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "203--219",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InBook{Cheatham:1981:AS,
  author =       "Thomas Cheatham and Alan J. Perils and Peter Naur",
  booktitle =    "History of Programming Languages",
  title =        "{ALGOL} Session",
  publisher =    pub-ELSEVIER,
  address =      pub-ELSEVIER:adr,
  pages =        "75--172",
  year =         "1981",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-745040-7.50008-9",
  ISBN =         "0-12-745040-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-12-745040-7",
  LCCN =         "QA76.7 .H56 1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 07:10:52 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Darlington:1981:SDA,
  author =       "John Darlington",
  title =        "The structured description of algorithm derivations
                 (Invited Address)",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "221--250",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{deChampeaux:1981:SEL,
  author =       "Dennis de Champeaux and Jos de Bruin",
  title =        "Symbolic evaluation of {LISP} functions with side
                 effects for verification",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "271--291",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dekker:1981:FMA,
  author =       "K. Dekker",
  title =        "Formula manipulation in {ALGOL 68} and application to
                 {Routh}'s algorithm",
  journal =      j-COMPUTING,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "167--187",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "CMPTA2",
  ISSN =         "0010-485X (print), 1436-5057 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-485X",
  MRclass =      "65L07 (12-04 12D10 65-04 68C20 93D99)",
  MRnumber =     "83g:65079",
  MRreviewer =   "Rolf Jeltsch",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 11 20:38:38 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0010-485X;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/computing.bib;
                 MathSciNet database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/607",
}

@TechReport{eertens:1981:MAC,
  author =       "L. G. L. T. eertens and J. C. van Vliet",
  title =        "On the {MC Algol 68} compiler",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "IW 90/91",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "10",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:13:23 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/9310",
  abstract =     "From 1969 until 1980, research has been done at the
                 Mathematical Centre regarding various aspects of ALGOL
                 68 implementation. This has resulted in many
                 publications, each treating an aspect in isolation.
                 Several of these publications deal with issues arising
                 in the construction of a portable ALGOL 68 compiler for
                 the full language, including the Standard Hardware
                 Representation and the modules and separate compilation
                 facility. These publications deal especially with the
                 first stages: the construction of a parser, and the
                 last stage: an abstract ALGOL 68 machine. The purpose
                 of the present report is to indicate where these
                 various results would find their place in the
                 construction of an ALGOL 68 compiler.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Fokkinga:1981:NST,
  author =       "Maarten M. Fokkinga",
  title =        "On the notion of strong typing",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "305--320",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Freak:1981:FPT,
  author =       "R. A. Freak",
  title =        "A {Fortran} to {Pascal} Translator",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "717--732",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380110708",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 30 06:34:41 1999",
  bibsource =    "Compiler/bevan.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  abstract =     "This paper describes some of the problems encountered
                 in implementing an automatic Fortran to Pascal
                 translator. The translator introduces a number of
                 improvements to the Fortran program including the
                 structured control statements of Pascal. It highlights
                 the structure of both COMMON blocks and executable
                 statements, and it nests the Fortran subprograms to
                 their required level.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  checked =      "19940501",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "Software engineering, Fortran, Pascal, automatic
                 translation",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
  refs =         "14",
  sjb =          "The translator itself is written in B6700 Algol (the
                 Pascal compiler wasn't fully developed at the time the
                 project started). The translator is contains over
                 14,000 lines of code and during execution occupies
                 11,180 words of core (with an additional 5380 for
                 data).",
}

@InProceedings{Grumberg:1981:PRF,
  author =       "Orna Gr{\"u}mberg and Nissim Francez and Johann A.
                 Makowsky and Willem P. de Roever",
  title =        "A proof rule for fair termination of guarded
                 commands",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "399--416",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Grune:1981:VGA,
  author =       "D. Grune",
  title =        "From {VW}-grammar to {ALEPH}",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "185--202",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Guenther:1981:PSI,
  author =       "G. Guenther and G. Marquardt",
  editor =       "J. C. {Van Vliet} and H. Wupper",
  booktitle =    "{Proceedings of the International Conference on Algol
                 68, Rechenzentrum Der Ruhr-Universit{\"a}t Bochum,
                 March 30--31, 1981}",
  title =        "A Programming System for Interval Arithmetic In {Algol
                 68}",
  volume =       "134(2)",
  publisher =    "??",
  address =      "??",
  pages =        "201--215",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 12 11:37:56 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Math. Centre Tracts",
  acknowledgement = ack-jr,
}

@Article{Hill:1981:RSD,
  author =       "G. W. Hill",
  title =        "Remark on ``{Algorithm} 395: {Student}'s
                 $t$-Distribution''",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "247--249",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/355945.355955",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0098-3500",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 30 00:28:07 1994",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toms.bib",
  note =         "See
                 \cite{Hill:1970:SD,Hill:1970:SQ,elLozy:1979:RAS}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Math. Softw.",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/toms",
}

@Article{Hill:1981:RSQ,
  author =       "G. W. Hill",
  title =        "Remark on ``{Algorithm} 396: {Student}'s
                 $t$-Quantiles''",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "250--251",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/355945.355956",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500 (print), 1557-7295 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0098-3500",
  bibdate =      "Tue Aug 30 00:28:07 1994",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toms.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Hill:1970:SQ}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Math. Softw.",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/toms",
}

@Article{Ince:1981:DTA,
  author =       "Darrel C. Ince",
  title =        "Decision Tables in {Algol 68}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "753--756",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380110712",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Ince:1981:IFS,
  author =       "Darrel C. Ince",
  title =        "The implementation of file structures in some high
                 level languages",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "49--55",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/988125.988129",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:15:01 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hash.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6120 (File organisation); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  corpsource =   "Faculty of Math., Open Univ., Milton Keynes, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "Ada; ALGOL 68; Algol 68; file organisation; file
                 structures; hashed files; high level languages; indexed
                 sequential files; Pascal; PASCAL; Pascal",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@InProceedings{Jonkers:1981:ASS,
  author =       "H. B. M. Jonkers",
  title =        "Abstract storage structures",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "321--343",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Klint:1981:FLD,
  author =       "Paul Klint",
  title =        "Formal language definitions can be made practical",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "115--132",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Kuiper:1981:OSB,
  author =       "R. Kuiper",
  title =        "An operational semantics for bounded nondeterminism
                 equivalent to a denotational one",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "373--398",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lenstra:1981:LFP,
  author =       "A. K. Lenstra",
  title =        "Lattices and factorization of polynomials",
  journal =      j-SIGSAM,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "15--16",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "SIGSBZ",
  ISSN =         "0163-5824 (print), 1557-9492 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5824",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 5 08:31:57 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsam.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "SIGSAM Bull.",
  classcodes =   "C4130 (Interpolation and function approximation);
                 C7310 (Mathematics computing)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Math. Centrum, Amsterdam,
                 Netherlands",
  fjournal =     "SIGSAM Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation)",
  issue =        "59",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J1000",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; Algol-68; CDC-Cyber 170-750 computer;
                 factorization; lattices; polynomials",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@InProceedings{Meertens:1981:IDB,
  author =       "Lambert G. L. T. Meertens",
  title =        "Issues in the design of a beginners' programming
                 language",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "167--184",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Naur:1981:AVW,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "{Aad van Wijngaarden}'s contributions to {ALGOL 60}
                 (Invited Address)",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "293--304",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Naur:1981:ESL,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "The {European} Side of the Last Phase of the
                 Development of {ALGOL 60}",
  crossref =     "Wexelblat:1981:HPL",
  pages =        "92--118",
  year =         "1981",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/960118.808370",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 02 15:43:30 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark-1 =     "From page 93: ``The very first attempt to devise an
                 algorithmic language was undertaken in 1948 by K. Zuse
                 (1948--1949). His notation was quite general, but the
                 proposal never attained the consideration it
                 deserved.''",
  remark-2 =     "From pages 102--103: ``At the final ALGOL 60
                 conference J. Backus thought it was important to
                 include string handling capabilities but `didn't try
                 very hard to get together a good string proposal'
                 (Backus, 1979). As a result string facilities were
                 included in the final language only in the form of
                 string constants used as parameters of procedure
                 calls.",
}

@InProceedings{Naur:1981:TP,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "Transcripts of Presentations",
  crossref =     "Wexelblat:1981:HPL",
  pages =        "147--161",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 06:41:59 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Paul:1981:F,
  author =       "M. Paul",
  title =        "Foreword",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "xxi--xxiv",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Perlis:1981:ASD,
  author =       "Alan J. Perlis",
  title =        "The {American} Side of the Development of {ALGOL}",
  crossref =     "Wexelblat:1981:HPL",
  pages =        "75--91",
  year =         "1981",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/800025.1198352",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 02 15:43:30 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark-01 =    "From pages 78--79: ``Developments, prompted both by
                 reasoning about an abstraction and experience with
                 languages being used, accounted for much of the
                 excellence and balance in the language design that came
                 to be known as IAL (the International Algebraic
                 Language) achieved in a few days at the Zurich meeting.
                 At one point during the meeting, the acronym ALGOL
                 (Algorithmic language) was suggested as a name for the
                 language under design. It was not adopted, perhaps
                 because it did not emphasize the international (!)
                 effort involved. Once publicized, discussed and
                 debated, the `unspeakable' and pompous acronym, IAL,
                 gave way in 1959 to the more verbal and source
                 independent ALGOL. When a second version became an
                 imminent possibility, the distinction between the
                 earlier and later versions was captured in the names
                 ALGOL 58 and ALGOL 60, respectively.''",
  remark-02 =    "From page 80: ``The proposal that there be three
                 representations for the languages, reference,
                 publication, and hardware, was a master stroke. It
                 simultaneously freed designers, implementers, and users
                 from pointless debates on issues over which none could
                 expect to have much control. It made possible the
                 appreciation of the ideas, the intent and the feel of
                 the language, without the need of prior language
                 alphabet projection onto local (usually limited)
                 character sets.''",
  remark-03 =    "From page 81: ``Control statements were recognized to
                 be a class of constructions that called for the notion
                 of compound statement. That notion, extended so nicely
                 in ALGOL 60, is the main contribution of ALGOL 58 to
                 programming languages.''",
  remark-04 =    "From page 82: ``This use of evaluation on the call
                 side of an internal variable of a procedure is called
                 Jensen's device, named after J{\o}rn Jensen of the
                 Danish Regnecentralen, who first noted this use of call
                 by name parameters.''",
  remark-05 =    "From page 82: ``It seemed that while there was some
                 American interest in implementing ALGOL 58, (e.g.,
                 within SHARE and IBM) more in the U.S.A. were
                 interested in implementing a language derived from but
                 not necessarily the same as ALGOL 58. In this category
                 fall the efforts of the groups at the University of
                 Michigan (MAD), Naval Electronics Laboratory (NELIAC),
                 and System Development Corp. (JOVIAL). To these latter
                 groups, ALGOL 58 was seen as a rich set of guidelines
                 for a language rather than a standard to be adhered to.
                 It suggested possibilities, yet neglected issues for
                 which any real implementation must provide a solution,
                 e.g., input--output.''",
  remark-06 =    "From page 84: ``Almost everyone in the United States
                 who would be interested in ALGOL 58 was probably a
                 member of ACM. Hence, the \booktitle{Communications of
                 the ACM} became the natural forum in which to publicize
                 not only the usage of ALGOL 58, but recommendations for
                 its revision.''",
  remark-07 =    "From page 84: ``The \booktitle{ALGOL Bulletin}, the
                 European medium for disseminating ALGOL intensive
                 matters, was established at a subsequent European
                 conference in Copenhagen in February 1959, and the
                 first of its issues appeared that March. P. Naur of the
                 Danish Regnecentralen was its first editor.''",
  remark-08 =    "From page 84: ``At the first IFIP conference in Paris
                 in June 1959, a resolution that both the
                 \booktitle{Communications} and the \booktitle{ALGOL
                 Bulletin} be the official media for discussions of
                 proposals for ALGOL improvement and other ALGOL matters
                 was adopted by those who were concerned about the
                 development of ALGOL.''",
  remark-09 =    "From page 86: ``Recursion was specifically proposed
                 (McCarthy, 1959) even though it had not been explicitly
                 forbidden in ALGOL 58. In any event, recursion became
                 possible in obvious ways in ALGOL 60. Even though
                 numerical analysis did not make much use of recursive
                 procedures, inclusion of recursion made the language
                 much more useful for important applications that would
                 surface in the years immediately following ALGOL 60's
                 birth''",
  remark-10 =    "From page 88: ``J. Wegstein proposed, and the ACM
                 editorial board enthusiastically endorsed, on December
                 2, 1959, the establishment of a new department in the
                 \booktitle{Communications} for publishing algorithms in
                 ALGOL. Other publications, e.g., \booktitle{Numerische
                 Mathematik} in Germany and \booktitle{BIT} in
                 Scandinavia, were to follow this same policy. Wegstein
                 became the first editor. The algorithms published in
                 the \booktitle{Communications} did much to enhance the
                 popularity of ALGOL in the United States.''",
  remark-11 =    "From page 90: ``To the ALGOL 58 terminology it [ALGOL
                 60] added: block, call by value and call by name, typed
                 procedures, declaration scope, dynamic arrays, own
                 variables, side effects, global and local variables,
                 primary, term, factor, step, until, while, if then
                 else, and bound pair. To translator technology was
                 added the display, stack techniques, including static
                 and dynamic level control, thunks, activation records,
                 recursive descent parsers (Gries, 1971).''",
  remark-12 =    "From page 91: ``It comes as a shock to many that ALGOL
                 is not the preferred representation for programs that
                 investigate important programming questions, e.g., in
                 interactive computation, in list string and array
                 processing. Nonetheless, ALGOL deserves our affection
                 and appreciation. It was a noble begin but never
                 intended to be a satisfactory end.interactive
                 computation, in list string and array processing.
                 Nonetheless, ALGOL deserves our affection and
                 appreciation. It was a noble {\bf begin} but never
                 intended to be a satisfactory {\bf end}.''",
  remark-13 =    "From page 91: ``Though not cited directly in the
                 paper, R. W. Bemer's fascinating `A Politico-Social
                 History of Algol,' Annual Review in Automatic
                 Programming 5, pp. 151--238, Pergamon Press, 1969
                 [\cite{Bemer:1969:PSH}], was an invaluable source of
                 information, about the human comedy surrounding ALGOL
                 from conception through birth, and past toilet
                 training.''",
  remark-14 =    "From page 91: ``Though their names have not figured
                 prominently in the text, no history of ALGOL can fail
                 to pay tribute to the special contributions of F. Bauer
                 and the late H. Rutishauser. Rutishauser was the
                 conscience and inspiration of both the Zurich and Paris
                 committees. His vision of the nature and purpose of
                 ALGOL never wavered, even when confronted with
                 brilliant but erratic generalizations and annoying
                 imperfections. Bauer, a man of iron will and scientific
                 vision, guided the GAMM committee, arranged for the
                 Zurich meeting and coaxed a wider circle of Europeans
                 to participate in the ALGOL 60 effort. He, more than
                 anyone else, made ALGOL a focus of attention for
                 computer specialists in Europe.''",
}

@InProceedings{Perlis:1981:TP,
  author =       "Alan J. Perlis",
  title =        "Transcripts of Presentations",
  crossref =     "Wexelblat:1981:HPL",
  pages =        "139--147",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 06:41:59 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Reynolds:1981:EAI,
  author =       "John C. Reynolds",
  title =        "The essence of {ALGOL} (Invited Address)",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "345--372",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Roberts:1981:NCG,
  author =       "J. D. Roberts",
  title =        "Naming by colours: A graph-theoretic approach to
                 distributed structure",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "59--76",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Sato:1981:H,
  author =       "Masahiko Sato and Masami Hagiya",
  title =        "{HYPERLISP}",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "251--269",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Schild:1981:PPB,
  author =       "Rudolf Schild",
  title =        "{PORTAL} --- a {PASCAL}-based real-time programming
                 language",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "49--58",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Schwartz:1981:DJ,
  author =       "Jules I. Schwartz",
  title =        "The Development of {JOVIAL}",
  crossref =     "Wexelblat:1981:HPL",
  pages =        "369--387",
  year =         "1981",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/800025.1198380",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 02 15:43:30 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark-01 =    "From page 370: ``One of the significant things that
                 got the JOVIAL language and compiler work started was
                 an article on Expression Analysis that appeared in the
                 1958 Communications of the ACM
                 [\cite{Wolpe:1958:AAL}]''.",
  remark-02 =    "From page 370: ``The two major influences on the
                 language of JOVIAL were, first, the International
                 Algebraic Language, which served as the language
                 architectural base, and SAGE, which contributed to the
                 knowledge of many of the problems and ideas needed to
                 solve the large programming system problem. IAL
                 was.chosen as the base language for several reasons.
                 One was that at the time it appeared as if it would
                 become the commonly accepted standard for languages.
                 Secondly, it seemed like a better technical basis for a
                 new language than FORTRAN, which was the only other
                 possibility.''.",
  remark-03 =    "From page 371: ``This written recommendation was done
                 with a paper typed on about seven or eight onion-skin
                 pages around December 1958. The title of it was `OVIAL
                 --- Our Version of the International Algebraic
                 Language'.''",
  remark-04 =    "From pages 372--373: ``The name OVIAL seemed to have a
                 connotation relative to the birth process that did not
                 seem acceptable to some people. \ldots{} someone in the
                 group, and it's not known by me who it was, suggested
                 the name JOVIAL. This seemed like the easiest
                 transition from OVIAL. The question then was the
                 meaning of the `J'. \ldots{} Since I was standing in
                 front of the room conducting the meeting at the time,
                 somebody --- perhaps somebody other than the one who
                 suggested JOVIAL --- suggested it be called Jules' Own
                 Version of the International Algebraic Language. This
                 suggestion was met with laughter by the assembled
                 group.''",
  remark-05 =    "From page 373: ``The JOVIAL language was to be the
                 same for both the [IBM] 709 and [AN/FS]Q-31. The
                 compilers were to be programmed in JOVIAL. \ldots{} The
                 actual first users of JOVIAL, aside from the compiler
                 developers themselves, were to use the first processor,
                 which was an interpreter, not a compiler, for a very
                 simple subset of the language, which was available in
                 about 12 months (around January 1960). \ldots{} About
                 25 man-years of effort were expended before very heavy
                 use of the 709 Compiler took place. \ldots{} The
                 compiler development itself utilized the early
                 compilers. Once the earliest subset of the language was
                 available in a machine-coded compiler, the compiler was
                 immediately reprogrammed in that language. From then
                 on, all versions were programmed in some version of
                 JOVIAL.''.",
  remark-06 =    "From page 374: ``Many of the important parts of the
                 language were developed in an incredibly short time. A
                 good example of this is the Data Definition Capability,
                 which was the original heart of JOVIAL. It was not well
                 defined when we embarked on the development effort. It
                 had to be developed as the compiler development
                 proceeded. When it was determined that we couldn't
                 postpone the data definition any longer, it was
                 developed in about 30 minutes.''.",
  remark-07 =    "From page 375: ``The first compiler for the language
                 version called J-1 (J minus one) was available for the
                 compiler developers in the fall of 1959. That compiler
                 was used to program the next version of the language
                 called J1 --- which was available in the winter of
                 1960. This was used to produce the J2 version. The J2
                 version was delivered in March of 1961 (Schwartz and
                 Howell, 1961). It ran on the IBM 7090, which had
                 replaced the 709 by that time. What eventually became a
                 standard was the J3 version of JOVIAL. \ldots{} Another
                 language objective was a reasonable level of machine
                 independence. The fact that two compilers for two
                 totally different computers was the original
                 contractual objective of the language helped to achieve
                 this latter objective.''.",
  remark-08 =    "From page 376: ``Long string constants were defined in
                 a very awkward way (e.g., 18H(THIS_IS_AN_EXAMPLE)),
                 requiring considerable counting and recounting for
                 changing.'' The Hollerith string syntax is similar to
                 that in early Fortran, but Fortran did not require the
                 surrounding parentheses.",
  remark-09 =    "From page 376: ``And the initial inspiration of IAL
                 didn't lead to continued following of it. No further
                 attention was paid to IAL (or ALGOL, as it was
                 eventually called) after the initial design.''.",
  remark-10 =    "From pages 376--377: ``One thing which was allowed in
                 the language but somewhat ignored in the compiler were
                 multidimensional arrays. The language provided for
                 them, but the efficiency of handling anything more than
                 a single subscripted variable was not stressed in the
                 compiler. However, single-subscripting was handled
                 quite well. This resulted in relatively little interest
                 in JOVIAL for programming multidimensional matrix
                 problems.'.",
  remark-11 =    "From page 380: `` Another significant feature of the
                 JOVIAL language from its earliest version was the
                 provision for access to bits and bytes of items.''",
  remark-12 =    "From page 381: ``Access to machine language is easy in
                 JOVIAL. The operator DIRECT signals the beginning and
                 the operator JOVIAL the end of machine language.''",
  remark-13 =    "From page 382: ``The early compilers were, to put it
                 mildly, not very reliable. They were extremely slow.
                 The first compiler on the 709 took eight hours to
                 compile itself. In those days the probability that one
                 could compile for eight straight hours and get a
                 properly punched binary deck for output was less than
                 0.5.''",
  remark-14 =    "From page 383: ``\ldots{} was critical in keeping the
                 JOVIAL language alive. This led to an eventual spread
                 of use in the Air Force. It is also true that its use
                 spread without support from any major manufacturer.
                 Almost all the JOVIAL compilers that were produced
                 until the mid-late 1960s were done under contract to a
                 government agency for a specific system.''",
  remark-15 =    "From page 383: ``JOVIAL knowledgeable reviewers of
                 PL/I when it was first developed pointed out that many
                 of the characteristics of JOVIAL had been adopted in
                 PL/I.''",
  remark-16 =    "From page 383: ``It was one of the early, if not the
                 earliest, compilers coded completely in its own
                 language.''",
  remark-17 =    "From page 384: ``JOVIAL has served as a direct
                 contributor to at least several languages. One language
                 which is in use today in Europe is CORAL (Woodward and
                 Wetherall, 1970). Many of the initial concepts for
                 CORAL were taken from the JOVIAL of the early 1960s''",
  remark-18 =    "From pages 386--387: ``The original JOVIAL work was
                 not a committee effort. There were relatively few
                 people who actually helped design the language. Most of
                 the people involved hadn't done this kind of work
                 before and were basically implementors, or programmers.
                 The fact that it wasn't a committee effort in many ways
                 created the positive characteristics of the language as
                 well as some of its negative ones.''",
}

@Article{Schwarz:1981:EYC,
  author =       "H. R. Schwarz",
  title =        "The Early Years of Computing in {Switzerland}",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "121--132",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "1981",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1981.10013",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:18 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "ACM Computing Archive CD-ROM database (1991);
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/stiefel-eduard.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1981/pdf/a2121.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1981/a2121abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  content =      "Schwartz describes two early computers used at the
                 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (whose German
                 acronym is ETH) during the 1950s. Despite the more
                 general title, he does not mention any non-ETH
                 computers in this article. According to Schwartz, the
                 first programmable computer in Switzerland was the Z4
                 developed by Konrad Zuse in Germany during World War II
                 and installed at the ETH in 1950. Except for the ERMETH
                 (also at the ETH), he does not mention any subsequent
                 Swiss installations during the period, leaving a weak
                 implication that there were none.\par

                 The Z4 was an electromechanical machine with a total
                 data memory of 64 32-bit words and no program memory.
                 Programs were executed while being read from punched
                 tape. Conditional test instructions permitted
                 instructions on the tape to be skipped; other control
                 instructions caused an alternate tape reader to begin
                 processing a program (a form of subroutine-call). The
                 arithmetic unit could perform true floating-point
                 operations. This arithmetic unit contained built-in
                 functions for computing squares, reciprocals, and
                 square roots. (Ten years later, mere integer division
                 was still optional at an extra cost on the IBM 1401.)
                 There were special representations for infinity and
                 ``undefined'' so that operations such as division by
                 zero could continue without interruption but with a
                 meaningful result.",
  CRclass =      "K.2.7 ERMETH; K.2 Hardware; K.2 Software",
  CRnumber =     "39473",
  descriptor =   "Computing Milieux, HISTORY OF COMPUTING; Computing
                 Milieux, HISTORY OF COMPUTING, ERMETH; Computing
                 Milieux, HISTORY OF COMPUTING, Hardware; Computing
                 Milieux, HISTORY OF COMPUTING, Software",
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  reviewer =     "D. Ross",
  subject =      "K. Computing Milieux; K.2 HISTORY OF COMPUTING",
  subject-dates = "Ambros Speiser (13 November 1922--10 May 2003); Heinz
                 Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10 November 1970); Eduard
                 Stiefel (21 April 1909--25 November 1978)",
}

@TechReport{Smillie:1981:PNA,
  author =       "K. W. Smillie",
  title =        "Programming notes: {APL}, {FORTRAN}, {ALGOL},
                 {PASCAL}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Dept. of Computing Science, University of Alberta",
  address =      "Edmonton, Alberta, Canada",
  pages =        "ii + 65",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Langages de programmation.; Programming languages
                 (Electronic computers)",
}

@InProceedings{Turski:1981:ART,
  author =       "W{\l}adys{\l}aw M. Turski",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68} revisited twelve years later or from {AAD}
                 to {ADA} (Invited Address)",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "417--417",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Paper omitted from book at author's request.",
}

@InProceedings{Warren:1981:OIA,
  author =       "Henry S. {Warren, Jr.}",
  title =        "Optimization of inductive assertions",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "77--98",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Wasserman:1981:PAL,
  author =       "Anthony I. Wasserman and Reind P. van de Riet and
                 Martin L. Kersten",
  title =        "{PLAIN}: An algorithmic language for interactive
                 information systems",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "29--48",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Zemanek:1981:RPV,
  author =       "Heinz Zemanek",
  title =        "The role of {Professor A. van Wijngaarden} in the
                 history of {IFIP} (Invited Opening Address)",
  crossref =     "deBakker:1981:ALP",
  pages =        "1--47",
  year =         "1981",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 15:43:14 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{AboElNaga:1982:HAM,
  author =       "N. M. {Abo El Naga} and J. A. Field",
  title =        "A Hardware {Algol} Machine",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "37--47",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MM.1982.291020",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 14 06:08:58 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeemicro.bib;
                 Science Citation Index database (1980--2000)",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Micro",
  classcodes =   "C5220 (Computer architecture)",
  corpsource =   "California State Univ., Northridge, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Micro",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=40",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; Algol machine; Algol W; bit-slice computers;
                 bit-slice microprocessor; computer architecture;
                 direct-execution computer; execution machine; pipeline;
                 pipelined direct-; processing",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Atkinson:1982:PAA,
  author =       "Malcolm Atkinson and Ken Chisholm and Paul Cockshott",
  title =        "{PS-algol}: an {Algol} with a persistent heap",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "24--31",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/988376.988378",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:16:18 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  abstract =     "PS-algol is a dialect of algol for the programming of
                 problems that would normally require a database
                 management system. It supports a persistent heap, and
                 an associative store; it has embedded within the
                 language features to support tasks normally carried out
                 by filing systems or database management systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6160 (Database
                 management systems (DBMS))",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Univ. of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
                 UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; associative store; database management system;
                 database management systems; filing systems; persistent
                 heap; pointer; printer; PS-algol",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Book{Bauer:1982:ALP,
  author =       "F. L. Bauer and H. W{\"o}ssner",
  title =        "Algorithmic Language and Program Development",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 497",
  year =         "1982",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61807-9",
  ISBN =         "0-387-11148-4, 3-540-11148-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-11148-3, 978-3-540-11148-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6 .B39513 1982",
  MRclass =      "68-02 68Nxx",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 21 15:10:11 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "In memorian Klaus Samelson (1918--1980). In
                 collaboration with H. Partsch and P. Pepper. Translated
                 from the German original \cite{Bauer:1981:ASP}.",
  series =       "Texts and Monographs in Computer Science",
  ZMID =         "03765107",
  ZMnumber =     "0486.68007",
  abstract =     "The title of this book contains the words ALGORITHMIC
                 LANGUAGE, in the singular. This is meant to convey the
                 idea that it deals not so much with the diversity of
                 programming languages, but rather with their
                 commonalities. The task of formal program development
                 proved to be the ideal frame for demonstrating this
                 unity. It allows classifying concepts and
                 distinguishing fundamental notions from notational
                 features; and it leads immediately to a systematic
                 disposition. This approach is supported by didactic,
                 practical, and theoretical considerations. The clarity
                 of the structure of a programming language designed
                 according to the principles of program transformation
                 is remarkable. Of course there are various notations
                 for such a language. The notation used in this book is
                 mainly oriented towards ALGOL 68, but is also strongly
                 influenced by PASCAL --- it could equally well have
                 been the other way round. In the appendices there are
                 occasional references to the styles used in ALGOL,
                 PASCAL, LISP, and elsewhere.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015)",
  tableofcontents = "0.1 On the Etymology of the Word Algorithm \\
                 0.2 How Algorithms are Characterized \\
                 0.3 Programming as an Evolutionary Process \\
                 0.4 How to Solve it \\
                 1. Routines \\
                 1.1 The Parameter Concept \\
                 1.2 Declaration of a Routine \\
                 1.3 Hierarchical Construction of Routines \\
                 1.4 Recursive Routines and Systems \\
                 1.5 Mathematical Semantics: Fixpoint Theory \\
                 1.6 Proofs by Induction of Properties of Routines \\
                 1.7 Operational Semantics: Machines \\
                 1.8 Restriction of the Parameter Domain \\
                 1.9 Dijkstra's Guards \\
                 1.10 Pre-Algorithmic Formulations by Means of Choice
                 and Determination \\
                 1.11 Semantics of Non-Deterministic Constructions \\
                 1.12 Routines with a Multiple Result \\
                 1.13 Structuring of Routines \\
                 1.14 Routines as Parameters and Results \\
                 Addendum: Notations \\
                 2. Objects and Object Structures \\
                 2.1 Denotations \\
                 2.2 Scope of a Freely Chosen Designation \\
                 2.3 Kinds of Objects \\
                 2.4 Sets of Objects, Modes \\
                 2.5 Composite Modes and Objects \\
                 2.6 Selectors, Structures with Direct (Selector) Access
                 \\
                 2.7 Mode Variants \\
                 2.8 Introduction of New Modes: Summary \\
                 2.9 Recursive Object Structures \\
                 2.10 Algorithms with Linear Object Structures \\
                 2.11 The Recursive Object Structure ``File'' \\
                 2.12 Algorithms with Cascade-Type Object Structures \\
                 2.13 Traversal and Scanning of Recursive Object
                 Structures \\
                 2.14 Infinite Objects \\
                 2.15 Some Peculiarities of Arrays \\
                 2.16 Routines with Multiple Results Revisited \\
                 Addendum: Notations \\
                 3. Computational Structures \\
                 3.1 Concrete Computational Structures \\
                 3.2 Abstract Computational Structures and Abstract
                 Types \\
                 3.3 Abstract Arrays \\
                 3.4 Sequence-Type Computational Structures \\
                 3.5 Number-Type Computational Structures \\
                 3.6 Changing Abstract Types and Object Structures \\
                 Addendum: Notations \\
                 4. Transformation into Repetitive Form \\
                 4.1 Schemes and Transformations \\
                 4.2 Treatment of Linear Recursion \\
                 4.3 Treatment of Non-Linear Recursions \\
                 4.4 Disentanglement of the Control \\
                 5. Program Variables \\
                 5.1 The Origin of Program Variables \\
                 5.2 Formal Introduction of Program Variables \\
                 5.3 Procedures \\
                 5.4 Axiomatic Description of Programming Languages \\
                 5.5 Variables for Structured Objects \\
                 Addendum: Notations \\
                 6. Control Elements \\
                 6.1 Deparameterization and Formal Treatment of
                 Repetition \\
                 6.2 Jumps \\
                 6.3 The General do-od Construction \\
                 6.4 Loops \\
                 6.5 Loops and Repetitive Systems \\
                 6.6 Sequential Circuits \\
                 6.7 Flow Diagrams \\
                 6.8 Petri Nets \\
                 6.9 bool Petri Nets, Signals \\
                 6.10 nat Petri Nets, Semaphores \\
                 Addendum: Notations \\
                 7. Organized Storages and Linked Lists \\
                 7.1 Organized Storages \\
                 7.2 Identity of Variables and Alias Ban Revisited \\
                 7.3 Implementing Object Structures by Organized
                 Storages \\
                 7.4 Linked-List Implementation of Organized Storages
                 \\
                 7.5 Improvement of Algorithms Working on Linked Lists
                 by Selective Updating \\
                 7.6 Addressing \\
                 Addendum: Notations \\
                 Conclusion. Programming as an Evolutionary Process \\
                 Program Specification and Development in a Uniform
                 Language \\
                 Conceptual Organization of the Algorithmic Language \\
                 Tools to Be Used \\
                 Methodology of Programming",
}

@Book{Cole:1982:IPAd,
  author =       "A. J. (Alfred John) Cole and Ronald Morrison",
  title =        "An introduction to programming with {S-algol}",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 183",
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "0-521-25001-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-25001-6",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.S17",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:12:45 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "S-algol (Computer program language); S-algol (Computer
                 program language)",
  tableofcontents = "Simple programs using the write clause \\
                 Initialization and assignment clauses \\
                 The for and while clauses \\
                 If clauses \\
                 Strings \\
                 Vectors \\
                 The case clause \\
                 Some important odds and ends \\
                 Procedures \\
                 Structure \\
                 Advanced input and output \\
                 Some complete programming examples \\
                 Backtracking problems \\
                 Outline graphics \\
                 S-algol design philosophy \\
                 S-algol syntax",
}

@Article{Cornelius:1982:BRB,
  author =       "B. J. Cornelius",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Introductory Algol 68
                 programming}}, D. F. Brailsford and A. N. Walker, Ellis
                 Horwood, Chichester. No. of pages: 281. Price: \pounds
                 14.00 (hardback), \pounds 5.95 (paperback)}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1166--1167",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380121209",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 10 12:36:39 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Damm:1982:IOH,
  author =       "W. Damm",
  title =        "The {IO}- and {OI-hierarchies} (tree language
                 theory)",
  journal =      j-THEOR-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "95--207",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "TCSCDI",
  ISSN =         "0304-3975 (print), 1879-2294 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0304-3975",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 24 12:51:11 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tcs1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4210 (Formal logic); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  corpsource =   "Lehrstuhl fur Informatik II, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, West
                 Germany",
  fjournal =     "Theoretical Computer Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03043975/",
  keywords =     "algebra; ALGOL; ALGOL 68; call-by-name interpretation;
                 call-by-value interpretation; canonical extensions;
                 control structures; denotational semantics; finite
                 modes; fixed-point operators; formal language; formal
                 languages; IO-hierarchies; language families; level-n
                 schemes; macro languages; OI-hierarchies; program
                 schemes; recursive procedures; schematological
                 theorems; strictness; tree language theory; trees
                 (mathematics); typed Lambda-calculus",
  pubcountry =   "Netherlands",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Ford:1982:ORV,
  author =       "Gary Ford and Brian Hansche",
  title =        "Optional, repeatable, and varying type parameters",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "41--48",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 28 16:17:01 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6120 (File organisation); C6130 (Data handling
                 techniques)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Arizona State Univ., Tempe,
                 AZ, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; Algol 68s union type; array-like structure;
                 data handling; data structures; PASCAL; Pascal-like
                 languages; passing parameters; programmer-defined
                 default value; type parameters; varying type
                 parameters",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Gunn:1982:CTT,
  author =       "Hamish I. E. Gunn",
  title =        "Compile Time Type Checking of Structure Field
                 Accessing",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "22--25",
  day =          "27",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 11 12:16:26 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc1970.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; C6110 (Systems analysis and programming);
                 C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computational Sci., Univ. of St. Andrews, St.
                 Andrews, UK",
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190/",
  journalabr =   "Inf Process Lett",
  keywords =     "Algol-like language; compile time; computer
                 programming; h; high level languages; programming;
                 structure classes; structure field accessing; type
                 checking",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Unpublished{Hemker:1982:LMR,
  author =       "Piet Hemker and Paul de Zeeuw",
  title =        "A library of multigrid routines: {ALGOL 68}",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hemker-pieter-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Langmaack:1982:TPF,
  author =       "Hans Langmaack",
  title =        "On Termination Problems for Finitely Interpreted
                 {ALGOL}-like Programs",
  journal =      j-ACTA-INFO,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "79--108",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "AINFA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-5903 (print), 1432-0525 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-5903",
  MRclass =      "68Q60 (03B70)",
  MRnumber =     "85e:68059",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 9 09:56:22 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Misc/HBP/ACTAI.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/actainfo.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 MathSciNet database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Acta Inf.",
  fjournal =     "Acta Informatica",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/236",
}

@Article{Leverett:1982:ASD,
  author =       "Bruce W. Leverett and Peter G. Hibbard",
  title =        "An Adaptive System for Dynamic Storage Allocation",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "543--555",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380120606",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; experimentation",
  onlinedate =   "27 Oct 2006",
  review =       "ACM CR 39522",
  subject =      "D.3.2 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, ALGOL \\ D.3.4 Software, PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES, Processors, Run-time environments E Data,
                 DATA STRUCTURES",
}

@Article{Messerschmidt:1982:CCO,
  author =       "J. Messerschmidt and R. Wilhelm",
  title =        "Constructors from composed objects",
  journal =      j-COMP-LANGS,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "53--59",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "COLADA",
  ISSN =         "0096-0551 (print), 1873-6742 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0096-0551",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 14:04:06 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/complngs.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6120 (File organisation); C6140D (High level
                 languages); C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and other
                 processors)",
  corpsource =   "Univ. des Saarlandes, Saarbrucken, West Germany",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00960551",
  keywords =     "Ada; ALGOL 60; array objects; code optimisation;
                 compilers; composed objects; construction; data
                 structures; flow analysis; high level languages;
                 INITIAL; languages; modifiability; program; program
                 compilers; programming; run time efficiency; type
                 objects",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Naga:1982:HAM,
  author =       "Nagi M. Abo {El Naga} and James A. Field",
  title =        "A Hardware {Algol} Machine",
  journal =      j-IEEE-MICRO,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "37--47",
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "IEMIDZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MM.1982.291020",
  ISSN =         "0272-1732 (print), 1937-4143 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0272-1732",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 14:51:26 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Micro",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=40",
  keywords =     "Application software; Computer architecture; Costs;
                 Hardware; High level languages; Logic; Microprocessors;
                 Pipeline processing; Problem-solving; Proposals",
}

@Book{Osipov:1982:IAE,
  author =       "L. A. (Lev Aleksandrovich) Osipov",
  title =        "{IAzyk} analitik i ego sravnenie s iazykami {ALGOL} i
                 {FORTRAN}",
  publisher =    "``Nauka,'' Glav. red. fiziko-matematicheskoi lit-ry",
  address =      "Moskva, USSR",
  pages =        "160",
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib",
  series =       "Bibliotechka programmista",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Bibliography: p. 160.",
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language); Analitik (Computer
                 program language); FORTRAN (Computer program
                 language)",
}

@Book{Osipov:1982:JAE,
  author =       "L. A. (Lev Aleksandrovich) Osipov",
  title =        "Jazyk analitik i ego sravnenie s jazykami {Algol} i
                 {Fortran}",
  publisher =    pub-NAUKA,
  address =      pub-NAUKA:adr,
  pages =        "160",
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib",
  series =       "Biblioteka programmista",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Reed:1982:GPM,
  author =       "Karl Reed",
  title =        "On a general property of memory mapping tables",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "81--86",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/800050.801829",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:15:07 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  abstract =     "The paper shows that memory mapping tables can be used
                 to implement the display registers used in providing
                 architectural support for block-structured languages
                 such as Algol 60. This allows full lexical level
                 addressing to be implemented on so-called von-Neuman
                 machines. The problems of fragmentation of the paged
                 address space are explored, and machines with memory
                 mapping schemes capable of supporting the proposals
                 identified. Attention is drawn to the similarity
                 between segmented and paged schemes, and it is
                 suggested that the latter may be used to support the
                 former.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "Display; Memory mapping; Page tables; Segmentation;
                 Virtual memory",
}

@MastersThesis{Scheer:1982:AFA,
  author =       "Linda Sue Scheer",
  title =        "{Ada}, {FORTRAN}, {ALGOL}, {JOVIAL}, {Pascal}, {PL/I},
                 and {LISP} compared to {Ada} design requirements",
  type =         "Thesis ({M.S.})",
  school =       "Wright State University",
  address =      "Dayton, OH, USA",
  pages =        "x + 121",
  year =         "1982",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib",
  series =       "Wright State University. Masters theses.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Ada (Computer program language); Programming languages
                 (Electronic computers) --- Evaluation.",
}

@Article{Scowen:1982:SSP,
  author =       "R. S. Scowen and Z. J. Ciechanowicz",
  title =        "Seven sorts of programs",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "74--79",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1982",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 28 16:17:02 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6150G
                 (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating
                 systems)",
  corpsource =   "NPL, Teddington, UK",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60; Algol 60; computer scientists; correctness;
                 debugging programs; program testing",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@TechReport{Veldhorst:1982:ASM,
  author =       "M. Veldhorst",
  title =        "An Analysis of Sparse Matrix Storage Schemes",
  type =         "Tract",
  number =       "150",
  institution =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
  address =      inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  pages =        "254",
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "90-6196-242-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-90-6196-242-7",
  MRclass =      "52A45 65F30 68B99 68C25 68E99",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 12:13:18 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://jemarch.net/torrix-2.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Second printing. [First printing was in 1982.]",
}

@Unpublished{Anonymous:1983:CMC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science: facts \&
                 figures",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Unpublished{Anonymous:1983:CVW,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica: enkele
                 statistische en organisatorische gegevens. ({Dutch})
                 [{Center for Mathematics and Computer Science}: some
                 statistical and organizational data]",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Article{Atkinson:1983:APP,
  author =       "M. P. Atkinson and P. J. Bailey and K. J. Chisholm and
                 P. W. Cockshott and R. Morrison",
  title =        "An Approach to Persistent Programming",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "360--365",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/26.4.360",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:15 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Wiederhold.bib;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_26/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1980.bib",
  note =         "Also published in/as: In ``Readings in Object-Oriented
                 Database Systems'' edited by S. Zdonik and D. Maier,
                 Morgan Kaufman, 1990.",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/4/360.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_26/Issue_04/tiff/360.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_26/Issue_04/tiff/361.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_26/Issue_04/tiff/362.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_26/Issue_04/tiff/363.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_26/Issue_04/tiff/364.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_26/Issue_04/tiff/365.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classcodes =   "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6140D (High
                 level languages)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computer Sci., Univ. of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
                 UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; data objects; high
                 level languages; persistence; persistent independent
                 programming; persistent programming; programming;
                 programming language; PS-algol",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Barnard:1983:RDP,
  author =       "D. T. Barnard",
  title =        "Recursive descent parsing using implementation
                 languages requiring definition before use",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "255--258",
  day =          "15",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 11 12:16:26 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4210 (Formal logic)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Computing and Information Sci., Queen's
                 Univ., Kingston, Ont., Canada",
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190",
  keywords =     "ALGOL scope rules; code generation; compilers;
                 context-sensitive constraint checking; grammar;
                 grammars; implementation languages; parser; recursive
                 descent parsing",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Cormack:1983:ESS,
  author =       "G. V. Cormack",
  title =        "Extensions to static scoping",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "6S",
  pages =        "187--191",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Apr 25 11:46:37 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  conflocation = "San Francisco, CA, USA; 27-29 June 1983",
  conftitle =    "Proceedings of the SIGPLAN '83 Symposium on
                 Programming Language Issues in Software Systems",
  corpsource =   "School of Computer Sci., McGill Univ., Montreal, Que.,
                 Canada",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; data structures; dynamic scoping; high level
                 languages; language L; languages; macros; objects;
                 static scoping; temporary files; type insecurity; type
                 insecurity dynamic scoping; visibility",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  subject =      "D.3.3 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Constructs, Data types and structures \\ D.3.2
                 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, Very high-level languages \\ D.3.4
                 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Processors, Compilers
                 \\ D.4.2 Software, OPERATING SYSTEMS, Storage
                 Management, Storage hierarchies",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Feldmann:1983:AG,
  author =       "Harry Feldmann",
  title =        "Acceptive grammars",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "25--44",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/988216.988219",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:17:16 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4210 (Formal logic)",
  corpsource =   "Rechenzentrum, Univ. Hamburg, Hamburg, West Germany",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "acceptive grammars; ALGOL 68; BNF; context free
                 Chomsky grammars; generative grammars; GRAMMAR-prefixed
                 SIMULA programs; GRAMMAR-prefixed SIMULA programs ALGOL
                 68; grammars; syntax checker; VWG; Wirth Diagrams",
  treatment =    "B Bibliography; P Practical",
}

@Article{Hardy:1983:NSP,
  author =       "Norman Hardy",
  title =        "Nested scopes in {Pascal} and {Algol 68}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "65--65",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 28 16:17:06 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Tymshare Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; nested scopes; Pascal; PASCAL",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Irons:1983:SDC,
  author =       "Edgar T. Irons",
  title =        "A Syntax Directed Compiler for {ALGOL 60} (Reprint)",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "14--16",
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 22 06:51:54 MST 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cacm/cacm26.html#Irons83;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1980.bib",
  note =         "Reprint of \cite{Irons:1961:SDC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Commun. ACM",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  oldlabel =     "Irons83",
  XMLdata =      "ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-trier.de/pub/users/Ley/bib/records.tar.gz#journals/cacm/Irons83",
}

@Article{Maher:1983:API,
  author =       "B. Maher and D. H. Sleeman",
  title =        "Automatic Program Improvement: Variable Usage
                 Transformations",
  journal =      j-TOPLAS,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "236--264",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "ATPSDT",
  ISSN =         "0164-0925 (print), 1558-4593 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-0925",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 28 16:27:08 1983",
  bibsource =    "Compiler/compiler.bib; Compiler/Compiler.Lins.bib;
                 Compiler/TOPLAS.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toplas.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-pb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.",
  annote =       "The design of the Leeds Transformation System is to
                 transform existing programs, written in a variety of
                 languages, into `tidier' programs. The total system was
                 conceived of as having three phases: syntactic
                 transformations, variable usage transformations, and
                 synthesizing features. Because programmers vary greatly
                 in what they consider to be a more acceptable form, we
                 have aimed to make the system as data driven as
                 possible. (That also enables us to deal with a variety
                 of programming languages.) The paper reviews the first
                 two phases, reports the second in some detail, and
                 illustrates the use of the system on an ALGOL 60
                 program. Redundant assignments, redundant variables,
                 and loop-invariant statements are discovered by means
                 of a novel approach which represents variable usage
                 within a program as a correspondence matrix. Potential
                 enhancements of the system are also discussed.
                 [abstract]",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J783",
}

@Article{Metcalf:1983:WF,
  author =       "Michael Metcalf",
  title =        "Why {Fortran}?",
  journal =      j-FORTEC-FORUM,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13--14",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1040931.1040933",
  ISSN =         "0735-3731",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:26:01 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran-forum.bib",
  abstract =     "FORTRAN, as we have seen, was the first high-level
                 language. Since its introduction it has faced
                 'competition' from a variety of sources, the principal
                 ones being ALGOL and PL/1 in the 1960's, PASCAL in the
                 1970's, and presumably ADA in the coming decade.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM Fortran Forum",
  issue =        "3",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan-fortran",
}

@InProceedings{Morrison:1983:EHL,
  author =       "R. Morrison and A. J. Cole and P. J. Bailey and M. A.
                 Wolfe and M. Shearer",
  title =        "Experience with a High Level Language that Supports
                 Interval Arithmetic",
  crossref =     "IEEE:1983:PSC",
  pages =        "74--78",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 13 15:58:57 2007",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/arith6/papers/ARITH6_Morrison_Cole_Bailey_Wolfe_Shearer.pdf",
  abstract =     "An extension of the language S-algol called Triplex
                 which facilitates the use of interval arithmetic and
                 which is similar to triplex algol 60 is described.
                 Experience in the use of Triplex is reported. In
                 particular, a Triplex program corresponding to a
                 triplex algol 60 program of Nickel is given, together
                 with numerical results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algol 60; ARITH-6; interval arithmetic; S-Algol;
                 Triplex (Algol)",
}

@Article{Mulders:1983:SOO,
  author =       "Huub Mulders",
  title =        "Some observations on the in- and output in high-level
                 languages",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "55--58",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/988227.988233",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:18:56 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages); C6150J (Operating
                 systems)",
  corpsource =   "Computing Centre, Tilburg Univ., Tilburg,
                 Netherlands",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "Ada; Algol 68; ALGOL 68; COBOL; Cobol; FORTRAN;
                 Fortran 77; high level languages; high-level languages;
                 input; operating systems (computers); OS; output;
                 Pascal; programming languages; user friendly software",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Nadrchal:1983:IAS,
  author =       "Jaroslav Nadrchal and Ivan Sklen{\'a}{\v{r}} and
                 V{\'a}clav K{\v{r}}{\'\i}{\v{z}} and Jaroslav
                 Kr{\'a}l",
  title =        "An implementation of {Algol 68} for a small computer",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "597--660",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380130704",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "design; documentation; languages; management",
  onlinedate =   "30 Oct 2006",
  review =       "ACM CR 8409-0738",
  subject =      "C.5 Computer Systems Organization, COMPUTER SYSTEM
                 IMPLEMENTATION, Microcomputers \\ D.3.2 Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Classifications, ALGOL
                 \\ D.3.2 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, Very high-level languages \\ D.3.4
                 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Processors, Compilers
                 \\ D.3.4 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Processors,
                 Code generation",
}

@TechReport{Smillie:1983:PNA,
  author =       "K. W. Smillie",
  title =        "Programming notes: {APL}, {FORTRAN}, {ALGOL},
                 {PASCAL}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Dept. of Computing Science, University of Alberta",
  address =      "Edmonton, Alberta, Canada",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "ii + 105",
  year =         "1983",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Bibliography: p. 105.",
  keywords =     "Langages de programmation.; Programming languages
                 (Electronic computers)",
}

@Article{Temme:1983:NCC,
  author =       "N. M. Temme",
  title =        "The numerical computation of the confluent
                 hypergeometric function $ {U}(a, \, b, \, z) $",
  journal =      j-NUM-MATH,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "63--82",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "NUMMA7",
  ISSN =         "0029-599X (print), 0945-3245 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0029-599X",
  MRclass =      "65D20 (33A30 65D15)",
  MRnumber =     "84g:65030",
  MRreviewer =   "H. E. Fettis",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 26 11:49:34 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/nummath.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4120 (Functional analysis); C7310 (Mathematics
                 computing)",
  corpsource =   "Math. Centrum, Amsterdam, Netherlands",
  fjournal =     "Numerische Mathematik",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/211",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60 procedures; asymptotic expansions; confluent
                 hypergeometric function; function computation; function
                 evaluation; Miller algorithm; subroutines",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Book{Woodward:1983:GAU,
  author =       "Philip M. Woodward and Susan G. Bond",
  title =        "Guide to {ALGOL 68} for users of {RS} systems",
  publisher =    "E. Arnold",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "x + 148",
  year =         "1983",
  ISBN =         "0-7131-3490-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7131-3490-2",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 W67 1983",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{Zellweger:1983:IHLa,
  author =       "Polle T. Zellweger",
  title =        "An interactive high-level debugger for control-flow
                 optimized programs",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "159--172",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1006142.1006183",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:17:34 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  abstract =     "The transformations performed by an optimizing
                 compiler have traditionally impeded interactive
                 debugging in source language terms. A prototype system
                 called Navigator has been developed for debugging
                 optimized programs written in Cedar, an Algol-like
                 language. Navigator can be used to monitor program
                 execution flow in the presence of two optimizations:
                 inline procedure expansion and cross-jumping (merging
                 identical tails of code paths that join). This paper
                 describes the problems that these two optimizations
                 create for debugging and Navigator's solutions to these
                 problems. The selected approach collects extra
                 information during the optimization phases of
                 compilation. At runtime, Navigator uses the additional
                 information to hide the effects of the optimizations
                 from the programmer.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6150G (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and
                 evaluating systems)",
  conflocation = "Pacific Grove, CA, USA; 20-23 March 1983",
  conftitle =    "ACM SIGSOFT/SIGPLAN Software Engineering Symposium on
                 High-Level Debugging",
  corpsource =   "Computer Sci. Div., Electrical Engng. and Computer
                 Sci., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "Algol-like language; Cedar; COBOL; code paths;
                 control-flow optimized programs; cross-jumping; design;
                 inline procedure expansion; interactive high-level
                 debugger; interactive programming; Navigator;
                 performance; program debugging; program execution flow;
                 programmer; source language terms; source programs;
                 verification",
  subject =      "D.2.5 Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Testing and
                 Debugging, Debugging aids \\ D.3.4 Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Processors, Compilers",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Zellweger:1983:IHLb,
  author =       "Polle T. Zellweger",
  title =        "An interactive high-level debugger for control-flow
                 optimized programs",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "159--172",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1983",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1006140.1006183",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:11:47 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft1980.bib",
  abstract =     "The transformations performed by an optimizing
                 compiler have traditionally impeded interactive
                 debugging in source language terms. A prototype system
                 called Navigator has been developed for debugging
                 optimized programs written in Cedar, an Algol-like
                 language. Navigator can be used to monitor program
                 execution flow in the presence of two optimizations:
                 inline procedure expansion and cross-jumping (merging
                 identical tails of code paths that join). This paper
                 describes the problems that these two optimizations
                 create for debugging and Navigator's solutions to these
                 problems. The selected approach collects extra
                 information during the optimization phases of
                 compilation. At runtime, Navigator uses the additional
                 information to hide the effects of the optimizations
                 from the programmer.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
  remark =       "Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT/SIGPLAN software
                 engineering symposium on high-level debugging.",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1984:PSM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Proceedings seminar 1981--1982 mathematical structures
                 in field theories: [lectures given during the seminar
                 at the academic year 1981--1982 at {Amsterdam}]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:1984:VCV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus 1984 {Centum voor Wiskunde en
                 Informatica}: {Hewet} --- plus wiskunde. ({Dutch})
                 [{Holiday} course 1984 {Centre for Mathematics and
                 Computer Science}: {Hewet} --- plus mathematics]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@TechReport{Cardelli:1984:BPT,
  author =       "Luca Cardelli",
  title =        "Basic polymorphic typechecking",
  type =         "Computing Science Technical Report",
  number =       "112",
  institution =  inst-ATT-BELL,
  address =      inst-ATT-BELL:adr,
  pages =        "17",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 01 14:13:45 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
  URL =          "http://lucacardelli.name/Papers/BasicTypechecking%20(TR%201984).pdf",
  abstract =     "Polymorphic typechecking has its foundations in a type
                 system devised by Hindley [Hindley 69], and later
                 rediscovered and extended by Milner [Milner 78]. As
                 implemented in ML [Gordon 79, Milner 84], this type
                 system shares with Algol 68 properties of compile-time
                 checking, strong typing and higher-order functions, but
                 it is more flexible in allowing polymorphism, i.e., the
                 ability to define functions which work uniformly on
                 arguments of many types.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Reprinted in Polymorphism Newsletters, I1.1, Jan
                 1984.",
}

@Book{Deikalo:1984:NSP,
  author =       "G. F. (Gennadi{\u\i} Fedorovich) De{\u\i}kalo and
                 others",
  title =        "Novye sredstva programmirovani{\"e}i{\`\i}a
                 dl{\"e}i{\`\i}a {ES} {{\c{c}}EVM}:
                 transl{\"e}i{\`\i}ator s {\"e}i{\`\i}azyka {Algol 68} i
                 dialogova{\"e}i{\`\i}a sistema {JEC}",
  publisher =    "``Finansy i statistika''",
  address =      "Moskva, USSR",
  pages =        "206",
  year =         "1984",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 N68 1984",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); ES computer;
                 Programming",
}

@Book{Deykalo:1984:NPI,
  author =       "G. Deykalo and A. N. Terekhov and others",
  title =        "New Programming Instruments for {ES EVM}",
  publisher =    "Finansy i Statistika Publishers",
  address =      "Moscow, USSR",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 07:04:04 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Russian",
}

@InCollection{Dongarra:1984:EPS,
  author =       "J. J. Dongarra and C. B. Moler",
  title =        "{EISPACK} --- {A} Package for Solving Matrix
                 Eigenvalue Problems",
  crossref =     "Cowell:1984:SDM",
  pages =        "68--87",
  year =         "1984",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 23 12:59:02 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dongarra-jack-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib",
  abstract =     "EISPACK is a collection of Fortran subroutines that
                 compute the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices
                 and matrix systems. The package can determine the
                 eigensystem of complex general, complex Hermitian, real
                 general, real symmetric, real symmetric band, real
                 symmetric tridiagonal, and special real tridiagonal
                 matrices, and generalized real and generalized real
                 symmetric matrix systems. The subroutines are based
                 mainly on Algol procedures published in the Handbook
                 series of Springer-Verlaga by Wilkinson and Reinsch
                 (1971) and the QZ algorithm of Moler and Stewart
                 (1973). The algorithms have been adapted to Fortran and
                 thoroughly tested on a wide range of different
                 computers. The software has been certified and is
                 supported by the developers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Argonne Natl Lab, Mathematics \& Computer Science Div,
                 Argonne, IL, USA",
  affiliationaddress = "Argonne Natl Lab, Mathematics \& Computer
                 Science Div, Argonne, IL, USA",
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Sources and Dev of Math Software",
  keywords =     "ALGOL PROCEDURES; COMPUTER PROGRAMMING ---
                 Subroutines; COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES ---
                 FORTRAN; COMPUTER SOFTWARE; EISPACK; FORTRAN
                 SUBROUTINES; MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES --- Eigenvalues
                 and Eigenfunctions; Modular Construction; SYMMETRIC
                 MATRIX SYSTEMS",
  ORCID-numbers = "Dongarra, Jack/0000-0003-3247-1782",
}

@Book{ISO:1984:PLA,
  author =       "{ISO}",
  title =        "Programming language: {ALGOL 60}: {ISO 1538:1984
                 (en)}",
  volume =       "1538",
  publisher =    pub-ISO,
  address =      pub-ISO:adr,
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 07 08:29:08 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isostd.bib",
  series =       "ISO recommendation",
  URL =          "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/en/#iso:std:iso:1538:ed-1:v1:en",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ALGOL (Computer program language)",
}

@Article{Jabs:1984:AFA,
  author =       "Arthur Jabs",
  title =        "Approximation formula and {Algol} program of the
                 {Lorentz}-invariant momentum-space integral for
                 particles of equal masses",
  journal =      j-COMP-PHYS-COMM,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "1--3",
  pages =        "C-175--C-176",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "CPHCBZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-4655(84)82423-6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4655 (print), 1879-2944 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4655",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 25 10:56:06 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compphyscomm1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010465584824236",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Physics Communications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00104655",
}

@Book{Kallenberg:1984:TSH,
  author =       "W. C. M. (Willibrordes Cornelis Maria) Kallenberg",
  title =        "Testing statistical hypotheses: worked solutions",
  publisher =    inst-CWI,
  address =      inst-CWI:adr,
  pages =        "iii + 310",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1984",
  ISBN =         "90-6196-280-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-90-6196-280-9",
  LCCN =         "QA277 .T471 1984",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  xxaddress =    inst-MATH-CENTRUM:adr,
  xxpublisher =  inst-MATH-CENTRUM,
}

@Article{Kuo-Petravic:1984:TPT,
  author =       "L. G. Kuo-Petravic and M. Petravic and K. V. Roberts",
  title =        "{Tranal} --- a program for the translation of symbolic
                 {Algol I} into symbolic {Algol II}",
  journal =      j-COMP-PHYS-COMM,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "1--3",
  pages =        "C-356",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "CPHCBZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-4655(84)82576-X",
  ISSN =         "0010-4655 (print), 1879-2944 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4655",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 25 10:56:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compphyscomm1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001046558482576X",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Physics Communications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00104655",
}

@Article{Ollongren:1984:CEI,
  author =       "Alexander Ollongren",
  title =        "Classroom experience with interactive formula
                 manipulation",
  journal =      j-SIGSAM,
  volume =       "18--19",
  number =       "4--1",
  pages =        "31--37",
  month =        nov # "\slash " # feb,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "SIGSBZ",
  ISSN =         "0163-5824 (print), 1557-9492 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5824",
  bibdate =      "Wed Oct 5 08:31:59 MDT 2005",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsam.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "SIGSAM Bull.",
  classcodes =   "C6130 (Data handling techniques); C7310 (Mathematics
                 computing); C7810C (Computer-aided instruction)",
  classification = "C6130 (Data handling techniques); C7310 (Mathematics
                 computing); C7810C (Computer-aided instruction)",
  conflocation = "Adelaide, SA, Australia; 24-30 Aug. 1984",
  conftitle =    "Papers from Symbolic Mathematical Systems and Their
                 Effects on the Curriculum --- International Congress on
                 Mathematical Education",
  corpsource =   "Inst. of Appl. Math. and Comput. Sci., Leiden Univ.,
                 Netherlands",
  fjournal =     "SIGSAM Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation)",
  issue =        "72/73",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J1000",
  keywords =     "73; classroom situations; computer aided instruction;
                 design; FORMAC-; FORMAC- 73; high level languages;
                 interactive formula manipulator; languages;
                 manipulation; multivariate polynomials; symbol; symbol
                 manipulation; truncated Poisson-series",
  pubcountry =   "USA A09",
  remark =       "Issue labeled vol. 18, no. 4, November 1984 (issue
                 \#72) and vol. 19, no. 1, February 1985 (issue \#73).",
  subject =      "D.3.2 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, ALGOL-68 \\ G.1.5 Mathematics of
                 Computing, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, Roots of Nonlinear
                 Equations, Polynomials, methods for \\ K.3.1 Computing
                 Milieux, COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION, Computer Uses in
                 Education, Computer-assisted instruction (CAI)",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Sheldon:1984:CTDb,
  author =       "E. Sheldon and S. Mathur and D. Donati",
  title =        "Computation of total, differential and
                 double-differential cross sections for compound nuclear
                 reactions of the type $ (a, b) $, $ (a, b \gamma) $ and
                 $ (a, b \gamma - \gamma) $. ({III}) {Fortran}
                 translations of the {Algol} programs `mandy' and
                 `barbara'",
  journal =      j-COMP-PHYS-COMM,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "1--3",
  pages =        "C-91--C-93",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "CPHCBZ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-4655(84)82352-8",
  ISSN =         "0010-4655 (print), 1879-2944 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4655",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 25 10:55:58 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compphyscomm1980.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010465584823528",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Physics Communications",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00104655",
}

@Article{Verhelst:1984:PIP,
  author =       "P. W. E. Verhelst and N. F. Verster",
  title =        "{PEP}: an interactive programming system with an
                 {ALGOL-like} programming language",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "119--133",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380140203",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "design; languages",
  onlinedate =   "30 Oct 2006",
  subject =      "D.3.4 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Processors,
                 Interpreters \\ D.3 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Language Classifications",
}

@Article{Woodward:1984:AHS,
  author =       "M. R. Woodward",
  title =        "The Application of {Halstead}'s Software Science
                 Theory to {Algol 68} Programs",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "263--276",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1984",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380140306",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "30 Oct 2006",
}

@Article{Allen:1985:CH,
  author =       "Murray W. Allen",
  title =        "{Charles Hamblin} (1922--1985)",
  journal =      j-AUSTRALIAN-COMP-J,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "194--194",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "ACMJB2",
  ISSN =         "0004-8917",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 11 15:20:46 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Charles_Hamblin",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Aust. J. Sci.",
  fjournal =     "Australian Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "https://50years.acs.org.au/digital-archive/acj.html",
  remark-1 =     "From page 194: ``[Hamblin] published the first account
                 of the relevance of Polish notation for computer
                 programming. He developed the concept both as a
                 strategy for a programming language and as the basis
                 for the computer hardware structure now referred to as
                 a stack machine.''",
  remark-2 =     "From page 194: ``The relevance of Polish notation and
                 the stack structure appears to have been discovered
                 independently a year or so after Hamblin by R. S.
                 Barton who greatly influenced the design of the
                 Burroughs B5000 computer (Barton, 1970). It is also
                 clear that the group involved in the ALGOL 60 project
                 had an appreciation of the notation. \ldots{} Charles
                 Hamblin's contributions to Polish notation and stack
                 machines must be seen as one of the milestones in
                 computing. If his work has not been as widely known as
                 it should have been, then this is partly because his
                 initial account was not published in the accepted
                 journals but in the proceedings of the WRE conference,
                 and later, in slightly abridged form, in the Australian
                 Journal of Science (Hamblin, 1957b).''",
  subject-dates = "Charles Leonard Hamblin (1922--1985)",
}

@Article{Allison:1985:PDS,
  author =       "Lloyd Allison",
  title =        "Programming denotational semantics. {II}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "480--486",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/28.5.480",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:19 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/5.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_05/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1980.bib;
                 Misc/Functional.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/5/480.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_05/tiff/480.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_05/tiff/481.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_05/tiff/482.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_05/tiff/483.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_05/tiff/484.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_05/tiff/485.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_05/tiff/486.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Western Australia, Dep of Computer Science,
                 Nedlands, Aust",
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Western Australia, Dep of Computer
                 Science, Nedlands, Aust",
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C4240 (Programming and algorithm theory)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Western Australia Univ.,
                 Nedlands, WA, Australia",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "Algol-68; computer programming languages; computer
                 software; denotational semantics; denotational
                 semantics, functional; formal languages; programming
                 theory",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1985:ATA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  key =          "Anonymous85m",
  title =        "{AI} Tools Automate Software Translation",
  journal =      j-ELECTRONICS,
  volume =       "58",
  number =       "38",
  pages =        "59--61",
  day =          "23",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1985",
  ISSN =         "0883-4989",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 11:34:11 2026",
  bibsource =    "Ai/ai.misc.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib",
  abstract =     "Lexeme sells an expert system that translates from one
                 computer language to another. It supports Ada and C as
                 target language and accepts input of Fortran, PL/1,
                 Bliss and SPL. They are developing COBOL, BASIC, Algol,
                 Jovial and CMS-2 versions. They also handle conversions
                 from one language to another. There is a separate page
                 on the personalities and stories of the founders.
                 [Michael Shamos, the president, is also well known for
                 his work in computational geometry. --Leff] He managed
                 to pick up a law degree as well as a Ph. D. in computer
                 science!",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Electronics",
  keywords =     "Lexeme Michael Shamos computer language translation
                 conversion expert system",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1985:PCC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Parallel computers and computations: [a series of
                 eight lectures organized at the {University of
                 Utrecht}, fall 1983]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:1985:VCV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus 1985 Centrum voor Wiskunde en
                 Informatica: variatierekening. ({Dutch}) [{Holiday}
                 course 1985 {Center for Mathematics and Computer
                 Science}: calculus of variations]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1985",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Article{DeBruin:1985:CVN,
  author =       "R. {De Bruin} and C. G. {Van Der Laan}",
  title =        "The Creation of a Virtual {NAG}--{Algol 68} Program
                 Library",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "963--972",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380151004",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "design; languages",
  onlinedate =   "30 Oct 2006",
  review =       "ACM CR 8605-0448",
  subject =      "G.4 Mathematics of Computing, MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE",
}

@Article{Delves:1985:DAD,
  author =       "L. M. Delves and S. C. Mawdsley",
  title =        "{DAP-Algol}: a Development System for Parallel
                 Algorithms",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "148--153",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/28.2.148",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  MRclass =      "65W05",
  MRnumber =     "800 327",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:18 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/2/148.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_02/tiff/148.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_02/tiff/149.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_02/tiff/150.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_02/tiff/151.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_02/tiff/152.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_02/tiff/153.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Liverpool, Dep of Statistics \& Computational
                 Mathematics, Liverpool, Engl",
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Liverpool, Dep of Statistics \&
                 Computational Mathematics, Liverpool, Engl",
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C6115 (Programming support)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Stat. and Comput. Math., Liverpool Univ.,
                 UK",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "Algol; ALGOL 68; Algol 68; computer programming ---
                 Algorithms; computer programming languages; computer
                 systems, digital --- Parallel Processing; DAP-Algol;
                 development system; development systems; Distributed
                 Array Processor; ICL; ICL distributed array processor;
                 parallel algorithms; parallel processing; programming
                 environment; programming environments; programming
                 language; SIMD machine; SIMD machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Delves:1985:DDS,
  author =       "L. M. Delves and S. C. Mawdsley",
  title =        "{DAP-Algol}: a Development System for Parallel
                 Algorithms",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "148--153",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  MRclass =      "65W05",
  MRnumber =     "800 327",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 13:51:56 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_02/tiff/148.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_02/tiff/149.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_02/tiff/150.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_02/tiff/151.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_02/tiff/152.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_28/Issue_02/tiff/153.tif",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a programming language and
                 environment, `DAP-Algol', which provides convenient
                 facilities for developing, testing, and timing parallel
                 algorithms for an SIMD machine such as the ICL
                 Distributed Array Processor, and which can be run on
                 any serial machine supporting the language (Algol 68)
                 in which the system is coded. The facilities provided
                 are modeled closely on those provided in DAP-FORTRAN,
                 and so the system is particularly convenient as a
                 development system for DAP programmes; however, the
                 principles involved in providing the facilities apply
                 equally well to other parallel languages of similar
                 structure, such as ACTUS or FORTRAN 8X.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Liverpool, Dep of Statistics \& Computational
                 Mathematics, Liverpool, Engl",
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Liverpool, Dep of Statistics \&
                 Computational Mathematics, Liverpool, Engl",
  ajournal =     "Comput. J.",
  classcodes =   "C6115 (Programming support)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Stat. and Comput. Math., Liverpool Univ.,
                 UK",
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "Algol; ALGOL 68; computer programming --- Algorithms;
                 computer programming languages; computer systems,
                 digital --- Parallel Processing; DAP-Algol; development
                 system; Distributed Array Processor; ICL; ICL
                 distributed array processor; parallel algorithms;
                 parallel processing; programming environment;
                 programming language; SIMD machines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Book{Fogiel:1985:HGC,
  author =       "Max Fogiel",
  title =        "Handbook and guide for comparing and selecting
                 computer languages {BASIC}, {FORTRAN}, {PASCAL},
                 {COBOL}, {PL/1}, {APL}, {ALGOL-60}, {C}",
  publisher =    pub-RES-EDU-ASSOC,
  address =      pub-RES-EDU-ASSOC:adr,
  pages =        "v + 122",
  year =         "1985",
  ISBN =         "0-87891-561-3 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-87891-561-3 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.7 .H36 1985",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Programming languages (Electronic computers)",
}

@Article{Hamblin:1985:CL,
  author =       "Charles L. Hamblin",
  title =        "Computer languages",
  journal =      j-AUSTRALIAN-COMP-J,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "195--198",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "ACMJB2",
  ISSN =         "0004-8917",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 17:15:20 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://50years.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/50years/journals/acj/ACJ-V17-N04-198511.pdf;
                 https://academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Charles_Hamblin",
  abstract =     "The notation invented by the Polish logician
                 Lukasiewicz in 1920 may be used for writing
                 mathematical and logical formulae unambiguously without
                 the use of brackets. This notation can be applied as
                 the basis for a programming language for a computer
                 system. The notation, its use as a programming
                 notation, and the principles for converting formulae in
                 the notation to machine instructions are described
                 here.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Australian Comp. J.",
  author-dates = "Charles Leonard Hamblin (1922--1985)",
  fjournal =     "Australian Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "https://50years.acs.org.au/digital-archive/acj.html",
  remark-1 =     "From the first page footnote: ``This paper was
                 originally published in the Australian Journal of
                 Science, Volume 20, in December, 1957 (pages 135 to
                 139), and is reprinted here by permission as a tribute
                 to the author who died in May, 1985. It represents the
                 first formal account (apart from a conference paper by
                 the same author earlier in the same year) of the
                 application of Polish notation to the computing
                 field.''",
  remark-2 =     "Bauer \cite[page 39]{Bauer:2002:SPA} cites this paper
                 as an early example of implementing stacks in hardware.
                 No online journal archive has been found. The journal
                 was published from 1938 to 1970, then evolved into the
                 current Australasian Science, which ceased publication
                 in 2019.",
  remark-3 =     "From page 198: ``I have prepared such a programme for
                 UTECOM and tested a code closely resembling the one
                 described by using it to write programmes for a number
                 of problems, including linear equations, definite
                 integration, sorting and the calculation of statistical
                 parameters from data. Such programmes could usually be
                 written in a matter of a few minutes and were usually
                 fault-free, the calculation being completed in a single
                 uninterrupted machine session.'' UTECOM is the name
                 given to the machine installed in August 1956 at the
                 New South Wales University of Technology, an English
                 Electric DEUCE computer. The DEUCE was a commercial
                 second-generation machine that followed Alan Turing's
                 Pilot ACE and ACE at the National Physical Laboratory
                 in Teddington, England (a southwest suburb of
                 London).",
}

@Article{Harris:1985:RD,
  author =       "Lawrence A. Harris and Yannich Wets",
  title =        "Resetting displays",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "73--77",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/988346.988356",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:21:05 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Math., Kentucky Univ., Lexington, KY, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "activation records; ALGOL; ALGOL-like languages;
                 block-structured language; compiler; design; display;
                 high level languages; parameters; pointers; program
                 compilers",
  pubcountry =   "USA A10",
  subject =      "D.3.4 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Processors,
                 Compilers \\ D.3.4 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Processors, Run-time environments \\ D.3.3 Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Constructs, Procedures,
                 functions, and subroutines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Hill:1985:RCS,
  author =       "I. D. Hill and M. C. Pike",
  title =        "Remark on {``Algorithm 299: Chi-Squared Integral''}",
  journal =      j-TOMS,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "185--185",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "ACMSCU",
  ISSN =         "0098-3500",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 05 16:47:37 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1960.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Hill:1967:ACS,elLozy:1976:RAC}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kristensen:1985:MSE,
  author =       "Bent Bruun Kristensen and Ole Lehrmann Madsen and
                 Birger M{\o}ller-Pedersen and Kristen Nygaard",
  title =        "Multi-sequential execution in the {BETA} programming
                 language",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "57--70",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/988316.988322",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:20:33 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. Sci., California Univ., Santa
                 Barbara, CA, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "abstraction mechanism; ALGOL family; alternation; BETA
                 program execution; BETA programming language; block
                 structure; concurrency; entities; high level languages;
                 language; languages; multi-sequence execution;
                 multiprogramming; object oriented language; pattern;
                 textual nesting",
  subject =      "D.4.1 Software, OPERATING SYSTEMS, Process Management,
                 Concurrency \\ D.3.2 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Language Classifications, ALGOL \\ D.3.3 Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Constructs, Coroutines
                 \\ D.4.7 Software, OPERATING SYSTEMS, Organization and
                 Design, Interactive systems",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Martin:1985:PAB,
  author =       "R. R. Martin and C. Anderson",
  title =        "A Proposal for an {ALGOL 68} Binding of {GKS}",
  journal =      j-CGF,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "43--57",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "CGFODY",
  ISSN =         "0167-7055 (print), 1467-8659 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jul 18 13:53:46 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cgf.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ Coll Cardiff, Dep of Computing Mathematics,
                 Cardiff, Wales",
  affiliationaddress = "Univ Coll Cardiff, Dep of Computing Mathematics,
                 Cardiff, Wales",
  ajournal =     "Comput. Graph. Forum",
  classification = "723; C6130B (Graphics techniques); C6140D (High
                 level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. Math., Univ. Coll. Cardiff, UK",
  fjournal =     "Computer Graphics Forum",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-8659/",
  keywords =     "Algol; ALGOL 68; Algol-GKS binding, design; computer
                 graphics; computer programming languages; computer
                 software --- Portability; GKS; Graphic Kernel System
                 (GKS); graphics; standards",
  subject =      "I.3.4 Computing Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS,
                 Graphics Utilities, GKS",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Shreeve:1985:BRG,
  author =       "Richard I. Shreeve",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Guide to ALGOL 68 for Users
                 of RS Systems}} by Philip M. Woodward, Susan G. Bond}",
  journal =      j-MATH-GAZ,
  volume =       "69",
  number =       "447",
  pages =        "66--67",
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "MAGAAS",
  ISSN =         "0025-5572 (print), 2056-6328 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 20 12:00:30 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3616477",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Mathematical Gazette",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.jstor.org/journal/mathgaze",
}

@Article{Sklenar:1985:PLA,
  author =       "Ivan Sklenar",
  title =        "Programming language assessments using the program
                 profiles",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "80--87",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/988316.988324",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:20:33 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  abstract =     "There is a number of comparisons of various
                 programming languages, but there is only a limited
                 number of comparisons based on the quantitative
                 assessment (Perrit, Dhillon, 81). This paper provides
                 the comparison of some Algol 68 features with similar
                 features in other languages e.g. Pascal and Ada. The
                 comparison is based upon the statistics (profiles) of
                 Algol 68 programs. Terms used in this paper come rather
                 from general programming languages background than from
                 particular Algol 68 terms. Special features and
                 necessary Algol 68 terms are explained in the text. The
                 most significant results: 25 per cent of IFs are
                 conditional expressions, constant declarations are more
                 frequent than variable declarations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Inst. of Phys., CSAV, Praha, Czechoslovakia",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "Ada; Algol 68; ALGOL 68; conditional expressions;
                 constant declarations; high level languages; languages;
                 Pascal; program profiles",
  subject =      "D.3.4 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Processors,
                 Compilers \\ D.3.3 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Language Constructs, Procedures, functions, and
                 subroutines",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Wirth:1985:PLD,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth",
  title =        "From Programming Language Design to Computer
                 Construction",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "160--164",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2786.2789",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 30 09:41:10 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/acm-turing-awards.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/Abstracts/0001-0782/2789.html",
  abstract =     "From NELIAC (via ALGOL 60) to Euler and ALGOL W, to
                 Pascal and Modula-2, and ultimately Lilith, Wirth's
                 search for an appropriate formalism for systems
                 programming yields intriguing insights and surprising
                 results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "design; human factors; languages",
  numpages =     "5",
  remark =       "This is the 1984 Turing Award Lecture. NELIAC is a
                 dialect of ALGOL 58.",
  subject =      "{\bf K.2}: Computing Milieux, HISTORY OF COMPUTING,
                 Software. {\bf D.3.2}: Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Language Classifications.",
}

@Book{Wupper:1985:SSG,
  author =       "Hanno Wupper",
  title =        "{Zur Spezifikation und Struktur gr{\"o}sserer Systeme:
                 Untersuchungen am Beispiel von Algol 68 und GKS}.
                 ({German}) [{On} the specification and structure of
                 larger systems: investigations using the example of
                 {Algol 68} and {GKS}]",
  volume =       "4",
  publisher =    "Rechenzentrum der Ruhr-Universit{\"a}t Bochum",
  address =      "Bochum, West Germany",
  pages =        "234",
  year =         "1985",
  ISSN =         "0721-2186",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.S88 W87 1985",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 10:01:06 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Rechenzentrums-Schriften",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
  subject =      "System design; ALGOL (Computer program language); GKS
                 (Computer system)",
}

@Article{Yemini:1985:MVE,
  author =       "Shaula Yemini and Daniel M. Berry",
  title =        "A Modular Verifiable Exception-Handling Mechanism",
  journal =      j-TOPLAS,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "214--243",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1985",
  CODEN =        "ATPSDT",
  ISSN =         "0164-0925 (print), 1558-4593 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-0925",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 11:34:29 2026",
  bibsource =    "Compiler/Compiler.Lins.bib; Compiler/TOPLAS.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toplas.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/Abstracts/0164-0925/3320.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-pb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J783",
  keywords =     "design; languages; reliability; security;
                 verification",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.3}: Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Constructs and Features, Control structures. {\bf
                 D.2.5}: Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Testing and
                 Debugging, Error handling and recovery. {\bf D.2.2}:
                 Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Tools and Techniques,
                 Modules and interfaces. {\bf D.3.3}: Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Constructs and
                 Features, Abstract data types. {\bf D.2.4}: Software,
                 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Program Verification. {\bf
                 D.3.2}: Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, ALGOL-68. {\bf D.3.3}: Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Constructs and
                 Features, Modules, packages.",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1986:EUC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{EUROGRAPHICS (UK) Conference}",
  journal =      j-CGF,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "151--157 (or 131--157??)",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "CGFODY",
  ISSN =         "0167-7055 (print), 1467-8659 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 10 07:48:02 1998",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cgf.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Comput. Graph. Forum",
  classification = "723; 741; 902; 921; C6115 (Programming support);
                 C6130B (Graphics techniques)",
  conference =   "EUROGRAPHICS (UK) Conference.",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 26-28 March 1986",
  conftitle =    "EUROGRAPHICS (UK) Conference",
  fjournal =     "Computer Graphics Forum",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-8659/",
  keywords =     "compression techniques; computer graphics; computer
                 programming --- Algorithms; computer programming
                 languages --- Algol; database systems --- Imaging
                 Techniques; graphics; image processing --- Surfaces;
                 Mathematical Models; mathematical techniques ---
                 Interpolation; picture retrieval; programming
                 environment; programming environments; raster graphics;
                 shading; solid models; solid voxel models; token based
                 graphics",
  meetingaddress = "Scotl",
  sponsor =      "European Assoc for Computer Graphics (UK), Abingdon,
                 Engl",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Bahlke:1986:PSF,
  author =       "Rolf Bahlke and Gregor Snelting",
  title =        "The {PSG} System: From Formal Language Definitions to
                 Interactive Programming Environments",
  journal =      j-TOPLAS,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "547--576",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "ATPSDT",
  ISSN =         "0164-0925 (print), 1558-4593 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-0925",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 06 09:41:04 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compiler/Compiler.Lins.bib; Compiler/TOPLAS.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toplas.bib;
                 Misc/programming.env.bib; Misc/sigplan.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/Abstracts/0164-0925/20890.html",
  abstract =     "The PSG programming system generator developed at the
                 Technical University of Darmstadt produces interactive,
                 language-specific programming environments from formal
                 language definitions. All language-dependent parts of
                 the environment are generated from an entirely
                 nonprocedural specification of the language's syntax,
                 context conditions, and dynamic semantics. The
                 generated environment consists of a language-based
                 editor, supporting systematic program development by
                 named program fragments, an interpreter, and a fragment
                 library system. The major component of the environment
                 is a full-screen editor, which allows both structure
                 and text editing. In structure mode the editor
                 guarantees prevention of both syntactic and semantic
                 errors, whereas in textual semantic analysis which is
                 based on unification. The algorithm will immediately
                 detect semantic errors even in incomplete program
                 fragments. The dynamic semantics of the language are
                 defined in denotational style using a functional
                 language based on the lambda calculus. Program
                 fragments are compiled to terms of the functional
                 language which are executed by an interpreter. The PSG
                 generator has been used to produce environments for
                 Pascal, ALGOL 60, MODULA-2, and the formal language
                 definition language itself.",
  acknowledgement = ack-pb # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J783",
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; documentation; languages; theory;
                 theory and verification and Hybrid editor and
                 unification-based incremental semantic analysis;
                 verification",
  owner =        "manning",
  review =       "ACM CR 8711-0926",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.4}: Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Processors, Compilers. {\bf D.2.3}: Software, SOFTWARE
                 ENGINEERING, Coding, Program editors. {\bf D.2.6}:
                 Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Programming
                 Environments. {\bf D.3.1}: Software, PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES, Formal Definitions and Theory, Semantics.
                 {\bf D.3.1}: Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Formal
                 Definitions and Theory, Syntax. {\bf D.2.3}: Software,
                 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Coding, Pretty printers. {\bf
                 F.3.2}: Theory of Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF
                 PROGRAMS, Semantics of Programming Languages. {\bf
                 F.4.2}: Theory of Computation, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND
                 FORMAL LANGUAGES, Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems,
                 Grammar types. {\bf F.4.2}: Theory of Computation,
                 MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES, Grammars and
                 Other Rewriting Systems, Parsing. {\bf I.2.3}:
                 Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE,
                 Deduction and Theorem Proving, Deduction.",
}

@Article{Clay:1986:NSQ,
  author =       "C. Clay",
  title =        "A new solution to the {$ N \leq 8 $} queens problem",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "28--30",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:15:02 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C7310
                 (Mathematics computing)",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL listings; chess game; games of skill; languages;
                 Pidgin Algol; programming; Staunton style; Staunton
                 style chess queen",
  pubcountry =   "USA A02",
  subject =      "I.2.1 Computing Methodologies, ARTIFICIAL
                 INTELLIGENCE, Applications and Expert Systems, Games
                 \\
                 D.3.2 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, WATFIV",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{House:1986:ASR,
  author =       "R. T. House",
  title =        "Alternative Scope Rules for Block-Structured
                 Languages",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "253--260",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/29.3.253",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/3.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_03/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/3/253.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_03/tiff/253.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_03/tiff/254.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_03/tiff/255.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_03/tiff/256.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_03/tiff/257.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_03/tiff/258.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_03/tiff/259.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_03/tiff/260.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Darling Downs Inst of Advanced Education, Queensland,
                 Aust",
  affiliationaddress = "Darling Downs Inst of Advanced Education,
                 Queensland, Aust",
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Sch. of Appl. Sci., Darling Downs Inst. of Adv. Educ.,
                 Toowoomba, Qld., Australia",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "60; ALGOL; Algol language; Algol-; allocation;
                 block-structured languages; compilers; computer
                 operating systems --- Storage Allocation; computer
                 programming languages; high level languages; program
                 compilers; run-time storage allocation; scope rules;
                 storage; storage allocation",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Kulkarni:1986:EEF,
  author =       "K. G. Kulkarni and M. P. Atkinson",
  title =        "{EFDM}: Extended Functional Data Model",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "38--46",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/29.1.38",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/1.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_01/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/1/38.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_01/tiff/38.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_01/tiff/39.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_01/tiff/40.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_01/tiff/41.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_01/tiff/42.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_01/tiff/43.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_01/tiff/44.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_01/tiff/45.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_29/Issue_01/tiff/46.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Edinburgh, Dep of Computer Science, Edinburgh,
                 Scotl",
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Edinburgh, Dep of Computer Science,
                 Edinburgh, Scotl",
  classcodes =   "C6120 (File organisation); C6160D (Relational
                 databases); C7250 (Information storage and retrieval)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Edinburgh Univ., UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; data language; data
                 languages; data structures; database systems; EFDM;
                 extended function; extended functional data model;
                 functional data model; hierarchically; interactive user
                 interface; interfaces; object orientation; organised
                 cavity types; PS-Algol; query language; query
                 languages; relational databases; user",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Book{Lewi:1986:DSP,
  author =       "Johan Lewi and Jan Paredaens",
  title =        "Data structures of {Pascal}, {Algol 68}, {PL/1}, and
                 {Ada}",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 395",
  year =         "1986",
  ISBN =         "3-540-15121-4, 0-387-15121-4 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-540-15121-0, 978-0-387-15121-2 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.9.D35 L47 1986",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 12 22:27:37 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Data structures (Computer science); Pascal (Computer
                 program language); ALGOL (Computer program language);
                 PL/I (Computer program language); Ada (Computer program
                 language)",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 Values \\
                 Atomic data \\
                 Atomic locations \\
                 Composite data \\
                 Composite locations \\
                 Routine values \\
                 Contents function \\
                 Expressions \\
                 Types \\
                 Type checking \\
                 Appendix",
}

@Article{Morrison:1986:IGP,
  author =       "R. Morrison and A. L. Florianis and A. Dearle and M.
                 P. Atkinson",
  title =        "An Integrated Graphics Programming Environment",
  journal =      j-CGF,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "147--157",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "CGFODY",
  ISSN =         "0167-7055 (print), 1467-8659 (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 14 10:23:20 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cgf.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotl",
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotl",
  ajournal =     "Comput. Graph. Forum",
  classification = "723; C6115 (Programming support); C6130B (Graphics
                 techniques)",
  conference =   "EUROGRAPHICS (UK) Conf",
  conflocation = "Glasgow, UK; 26-28 March 1986",
  conftitle =    "EUROGRAPHICS (UK) Conference",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. Sci., St. Andrews Univ., UK",
  fjournal =     "Computer Graphics Forum",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-8659/",
  keywords =     "Algol; computer graphics; computer programming
                 languages; data types; database systems --- Management;
                 graphics; integrated graphics programming environment;
                 languages; line drawings; management; persistent store;
                 persistent store mechanism; picture libraries;
                 programming environments; programming language;
                 PS-algol; PS-Algol, design; raster; raster graphics;
                 secure; storage; transaction facilities",
  meetingaddress = "Glasgow, Scotl",
  meetingdate =  "Mar 26--28 1986",
  subject =      "I.3.4 Computing Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS,
                 Graphics Utilities \\ D.3.2 Software, PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES, Language Classifications, S \\ I.3.m
                 Computing Methodologies, COMPUTER GRAPHICS,
                 Miscellaneous \\ J.6 Computer Applications,
                 COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING, Computer-aided design
                 (CAD)",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Patel:1986:IAP,
  author =       "R. R. Patel and R. B. Hunter",
  title =        "Implementing {ALGOL 68} Predicates",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "87--97",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380160107",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "design; languages; reliability",
  onlinedate =   "30 Oct 2006",
  review =       "ACM CR 8702-0076",
  subject =      "D.3.2 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, ALGOL-68 \\ D.3.4 Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Processors, Compilers \\ D.3.1
                 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Formal Definitions and
                 Theory \\ D.3.3 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Language Constructs, Procedures, functions, and
                 subroutines",
}

@Book{REA:1986:HGC,
  author =       "{Research and Education Association}",
  title =        "Handbook and guide for comparing and selecting the
                 computer languages: {BASIC}, {FORTRAN}, {PASCAL},
                 {COBOL}, {PL/1}, {APL}, {ALGOL-60}, {C}",
  publisher =    pub-RES-EDU-ASSOC,
  address =      pub-RES-EDU-ASSOC:adr,
  edition =      "Revised print.",
  pages =        "v + 122",
  year =         "1986",
  ISBN =         "0-87891-561-3 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-87891-561-3 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.7 .H36 1985",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Programming languages (Electronic computers)",
}

@Article{Sathi:1986:PBC,
  author =       "Harbans L. Sathi",
  title =        "A project-based course in compiler construction",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "114--119",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/953055.5698",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sun Nov 18 07:38:24 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1980.bib",
  note =         "Proceedings of the 17th SIGCSE Symposium on Computer
                 Science Education.",
  abstract =     "The paper describes the experience gained by teaching
                 a project-based course in Compiler Construction. The
                 course is a blend of theoretical concepts and practical
                 considerations that go into the development of a
                 compiler. A project in compiler writing is an important
                 component of this course. ASP, a subset of standard
                 PASCAL, is used as the source language. The compiler
                 for ASP is to be developed in various phases: character
                 manipulator, lexical analyzer, syntax analyzer,
                 semantic analyzer, and code generator. Recursive
                 descent method is used to parse the various syntactic
                 entities. The code generator emits code for a
                 hypothetical machine called AOC (ALGOL Object Code). A
                 simulator executes this code.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Article{Stroustrup:1986:OC,
  author =       "Bjarne Stroustrup",
  title =        "An overview of {C++}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "7--18",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:15:04 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6120 (File organisation); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  conflocation = "Yorktown Heights, NY, USA; 9-13 June 1986",
  conftitle =    "Object-Orientated Programming Workshop",
  corpsource =   "AT and T Bell Labs., Murray Hill, NJ, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "Algol68; C language; C superset; C++; data
                 abstraction; data structures; object-oriented
                 programming; programming language; Simula67",
  pubcountry =   "USA A01",
  sponsororg =   "ACM",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Taylor:1986:VIP,
  author =       "D. Taylor",
  title =        "Visionaries: {An} interview with {Professor Michael
                 O'Leary}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "41--54",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:14:59 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran3.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Colorado Networks Div., Hewlett--Packard, Fort
                 Collins, CO, USA",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; Algol; Cobol; COBOL; Cobol; Fortran; FORTRAN;
                 Fortran; history; human factors; languages; LISP",
  pubcountry =   "USA A04 A04",
  subject =      "K.2 Computing Milieux, HISTORY OF COMPUTING, Software
                 \\ K.2 Computing Milieux, HISTORY OF COMPUTING,
                 People",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Book{vandeLune:1986:ITT,
  author =       "Jan van de Lune",
  title =        "An introduction to {Tauberian} theory: from {Tauber}
                 to {Wiener}",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{vanderPoel:1986:SNH,
  author =       "W. L. van der Poel",
  title =        "Some Notes on the History of {ALGOL}",
  crossref =     "Zemanek:1986:QCI",
  pages =        "373--392",
  year =         "1986",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 06:45:27 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Walker:1986:IPP,
  author =       "A. N. Walker",
  title =        "The {Ilem Project}: {Pascal} to {Algol} in Easy Stages
                 {I}: Outward Bound",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "1097--1107",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1986",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380161204",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  onlinedate =   "30 Oct 2006",
}

@Misc{Baayen:1987:MVW,
  author =       "P. C. Baayen and J. Nuis",
  title =        "In Memoriam: {A. van Wijngaarden} 1916---1987",
  howpublished = "Web document",
  pages =        "268--282",
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 16:37:04 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/1706/1706D.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Includes van Wijngaarden publication list. What book
                 is this from, and when??",
}

@Unpublished{deGoede:1987:VOE,
  author =       "Erik de Goede and J. H. M. ten Thije Boonkkamp",
  title =        "Vectorization of the odd-even {Hopscotch} scheme and
                 the alternating direction implicit scheme for the
                 two-dimensional {Burger}'s equations",
  number =       "R 8720",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@MastersThesis{Elrod:1987:DDH,
  author =       "Donald Randolph Elrod",
  title =        "A discussion of the design of hierarchically
                 structured, procedural programming languages with
                 particular reference to the designs of {ALGOL 60},
                 {CPL}, {BCPL}, and {C}",
  type =         "{M.S.}",
  school =       "Department of Computer Science, University of
                 Tennessee at Chattanooga",
  address =      "Chattanooga, TN, USA",
  pages =        "308",
  year =         "1987",
  LCCN =         "LB2369.2 .E57 1987",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:05 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Programming languages (Electronic computers); Computer
                 programs; Computer software; Logiciels; software.;
                 Computer software; Computer programs; Programming
                 languages (Electronic computers)",
}

@Book{Fogiel:1987:HGC,
  author =       "Max Fogiel",
  title =        "Handbook and guide for comparing and selecting
                 computer languages {BASIC}, {FORTRAN}, {PASCAL},
                 {COBOL}, {PL/1}, {APL}, {ALGOL-60}, {C}",
  publisher =    pub-RES-EDU-ASSOC,
  address =      pub-RES-EDU-ASSOC:adr,
  edition =      "Revised print.",
  pages =        "v + 122",
  year =         "1987",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Programming languages (Electronic computers)",
}

@Article{Gannon:1987:TIM,
  author =       "John D. Gannon and Marvin V. Zelkowitz",
  title =        "Two Implementation Models of Abstract Data Types",
  journal =      j-COMP-LANGS,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "21--25",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "COLADA",
  ISSN =         "0096-0551 (print), 1873-6742 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0096-0551",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 14:04:06 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/complngs.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA",
  classcodes =   "C6120 (File organisation); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  classification = "722; 723",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Maryland Univ., College Park,
                 MD, USA",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00960551",
  journalabr =   "Comput Lang",
  keywords =     "abstract data type; abstract data types; Ada; computer
                 operating systems --- Program Compilers; computer
                 programming; computer programming languages --- Algol;
                 data structures; direct implementations; implementation
                 models; implementations; indirect; run-time
                 implementation",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Huijsman:1987:TAP,
  author =       "R. D. Huijsman and J. van Katwijk and C. Pronk and W.
                 J. Toetenel",
  title =        "Translating {Algol 60} Programs into {Ada}: Report on
                 a Feasability Study",
  journal =      j-SIGADA-LETTERS,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "42--50",
  month =        sep # "\slash " # oct,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "AALEE5",
  ISSN =         "1094-3641 (print), 1557-9476 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-3641",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 9 09:05:26 MDT 2003",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.uu.net/library/bibliography;
                 http://portal.acm.org/;
                 http://www.adahome.com/Resources/Bibliography/articles.ref;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigada.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGAda Ada Letters",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigada",
  keywords =     "design; source-code translation",
  subject =      "D.3.2 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, Ada \\ D.3.2 Software, PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES, Language Classifications, ALGOL \\ D.3.4
                 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Processors, Translator
                 writing systems and compiler generators",
}

@Article{Kulkarni:1987:IEF,
  author =       "K. G. Kulkarni and Malcolm P. Atkinson",
  title =        "Implementing an extended functional data model using
                 {PS-Algol}",
  journal =      j-SPE,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "171--185",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "SPEXBL",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380170302",
  ISSN =         "0038-0644 (print), 1097-024X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0038-0644",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 31 13:36:16 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spe.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Softw. Pract. Exp.",
  fjournal =     "Software --- Practice and Experience",
  journal-URL =  "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-024X",
  keywords =     "languages",
  onlinedate =   "30 Oct 2006",
  review =       "ACM CR 8806-0441",
  subject =      "H.2.1 Information Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT,
                 Logical Design, Data models \\ H.2.3 Information
                 Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Languages, Query
                 languages \\ D.3.2 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Language Classifications, PS-ALGOL \\ H.2.3 Information
                 Systems, DATABASE MANAGEMENT, Languages, DAPLEX \\
                 D.3.2 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, Applicative languages",
}

@Unpublished{Meertens:1987:ARP,
  author =       "Lambert Meertens",
  title =        "An abstract reader prepared for {IFIP WG 2.1}",
  number =       "N 8702",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Robison:1987:IFP,
  author =       "A. D. Robison",
  title =        "The {Illinois} functional programming interpreter",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "64--73",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/960114.29657",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 18 16:23:52 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/; http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/string-matching.bib",
  series =       ser-SIGPLAN,
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/plan/29650/p64-robison/",
  abstract =     "The Illinois Functional Programming (IFP) language is
                 a modified version of Backus' FP\1. IFP has the same
                 side-effect free combinator style of Backus FP, while
                 introducing an ALGOL-like syntax and structure. While
                 IFP superficially appears to be an inefficient language
                 to execute, its simplicity makes it quick to interpret.
                 Functions are always monadic and there are no variable
                 or parameter names. Furthermore, combinator-style
                 languages allow common housekeeping operations to be
                 condensed into efficient machine-language primitives.
                 By reference-counting, the interpreter can often
                 convert call-by-value to destructive call-by-reference
                 while preserving referential transparency. The
                 interpreter has an expression cache which can improve
                 the asymptotic time of some combinatorial functions.
                 IFP function definitions are stored as UNIX files, so
                 much of UNIX's functionality is immediately borrowed
                 into the IFP environment, e.g. ls, more, and grep.
                 Benchmarks indicate that IFP is an order of magnitude
                 faster than Berkeley FP[2], and is competitive with
                 interpreted von-Neumann languages such as BASIC. The
                 interpreter can parallel process on shared-memory
                 multiprocessors, e.g. the Encore Multimax. IFP
                 currently runs on machines as varied as the IBM PC,
                 VAX, and CRAY-XMP.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "design; languages",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.4} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Processors, Interpreters. {\bf D.3.2} Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Classifications, FP.
                 {\bf D.3.3} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Constructs and Features, Data types and structures.",
}

@Unpublished{Rusch:1987:ERM,
  author =       "J. J. Rusch",
  title =        "Enkele resultaten met de schema's van {Roe} en
                 {Steger} \& {Warming} bij transsone stromingen in een
                 {MG}\slash eindige-volume methode. ({Dutch}) [{Some}
                 results of the {Roe} and {Steger} \& {Warming} schemes
                 for transonic flows in a {MG} finite volume method]",
  number =       "N 8701",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1987",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Article{Tennent:1987:QAL,
  author =       "R. D. Tennent",
  title =        "Quantification in {Algol}-like languages",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "25",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "133--137",
  day =          "6",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 11 12:16:26 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotl",
  classification = "723; C4210 (Formal logic); C6140D (High level
                 languages)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Edinburgh Univ., UK",
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190",
  journalabr =   "Inf Process Lett",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; Algol-like languages; ALGOL-like languages;
                 algorithmic languages; computer metatheory; computer
                 programming languages; formal languages; formal logic;
                 lambda expression; languages; predicate logic;
                 programming languages; quantification; quantified
                 formulas; syntactic sugar; syntax; theory; Theory;
                 variable-declaration blocks",
  pubcountry =   "Netherlands A10",
  subject =      "D.3.1 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Formal
                 Definitions and Theory, Syntax \\ D.3.3 Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Constructs, Abstract
                 data types",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Yemini:1987:ATE,
  author =       "Shaula Yemini and Daniel M. Berry",
  title =        "An Axiomatic Treatment of Exception Handling in an
                 Expression-Oriented Language",
  journal =      j-TOPLAS,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "390--407",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1987",
  CODEN =        "ATPSDT",
  ISSN =         "0164-0925 (print), 1558-4593 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-0925",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 11:34:45 2026",
  bibsource =    "Compiler/Compiler.Lins.bib; Compiler/TOPLAS.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toplas.bib;
                 Theory/obscure.bib",
  note =         "See remarks \cite{Yemini:1988:TCA}.",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/Abstracts/0164-0925/24052.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-pb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J783",
  keywords =     "design; languages; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf D.2.4}: Software, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Program
                 Verification, Correctness proofs. {\bf D.3.1}:
                 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Formal Definitions and
                 Theory, Semantics. {\bf D.3.3}: Software, PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES, Language Constructs and Features, Control
                 structures. {\bf F.3.1}: Theory of Computation, LOGICS
                 AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, Specifying and Verifying and
                 Reasoning about Programs. {\bf F.3.3}: Theory of
                 Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, Studies
                 of Program Constructs, Control primitives. {\bf D.3.2}:
                 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, ALGOL-68.",
}

@Book{Zakharov:1987:MCS,
  author =       "L. A. Zakharov and S. B. Pokrovsky and G. G. Stepanov
                 and S. V. Ten",
  title =        "A Multilanguage Compiling System",
  publisher =    "Computing Center of the Siberian Division of the USSR
                 Academy of Sciences",
  address =      "Novosibirsk, USSR",
  pages =        "????",
  year =         "1987",
  ISBN =         "",
  ISBN-13 =      "",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 07:06:08 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Russian",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1988:MKS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Mark Kac} seminar on probability and physics:
                 syllabus: [seminar held during the academic year
                 1985--1987 at {Amsterdam}]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:1988:SSP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{STATAL}: statistical procedures in {Algol 60}, {Part
                 1}",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:1988:VCV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus 1988 Centrum voor Wiskunde en
                 Informatica: differentierekening. ({Dutch}) [{Holiday}
                 course 1988 Center for Mathematics and Computer
                 Science: difference calculus]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Book{Carrick:1988:IPA,
  author =       "Ray Carrick and Jack Cole and Ron Morrison",
  title =        "An introduction to {PS-algol} programming",
  volume =       "21",
  publisher =    "Dept. of Computational Science. University of St
                 Andrews",
  address =      "St Andrews, Scotland",
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "107",
  year =         "1988",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:30 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Persistent programming research report",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dearle:1988:SBS,
  author =       "A. Dearle and A. L. Brown",
  title =        "Safe browsing in a strongly typed persistent
                 environment",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "540--544",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/31.6.540",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:25 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/31/6.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_31/Issue_06/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/31/6/540.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_31/Issue_06/tiff/540.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_31/Issue_06/tiff/541.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_31/Issue_06/tiff/542.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_31/Issue_06/tiff/543.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_31/Issue_06/tiff/544.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., St. Andrews Univ.",
  affiliationaddress = "St. Andrews, Scotl",
  classcodes =   "C6120 (File organisation); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  classification = "723; C6120 (File organisation); C6150C (Compilers,
                 interpreters and other processors)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. Sci., St. Andrews Univ., UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "browser; Browser; closed; Closed persistent
                 environment; Closed Persistent Environments; compiler;
                 Compiler, Data Processing; Computer Operating
                 Systems--Program Compilers; Computer Programming
                 languages--Algol; data structures; Data Structures;
                 Data structures; database; Database management systems;
                 Database Systems; environment; file organisation;
                 interfaces; management systems; menu; Menu; persistent
                 environment; program compilers; programming language;
                 Programming language; PS-algol; PS-Algol; strongly
                 typed persistent; Strongly typed persistent
                 environment; Strongly Typed Programming Languages;
                 type-secure; Type-secure; user; user interfaces; User
                 interfaces",
  thesaurus =    "Data structures; File organisation; Program compilers;
                 User interfaces",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Unpublished{deRooy:1988:CES,
  author =       "M. de Rooy",
  title =        "Concurrent evaluation of side-effects",
  number =       "N 8801",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Flamm:1988:CCG,
  author =       "Kenneth Flamm",
  title =        "Creating the Computer: Government, Industry, and High
                 Technology",
  publisher =    "Brookings Institution",
  address =      "Washington, DC, USA",
  pages =        "xi + 282",
  year =         "1988",
  ISBN =         "0-8157-2849-2 (paperback), 0-8157-2850-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8157-2849-8 (paperback), 978-0-8157-2850-4",
  LCCN =         "HD9696.C62 F55 1988",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 05:47:46 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  abstract =     "The development of the first electronic digital
                 computers in the 1940s signaled the beginning of a new
                 and distinctive type of industry-an industry marked by
                 competition through innovation, and by the large
                 percentage of revenues spent on research and
                 development.\par

                 Written as a companion volume to \booktitle{Targeting
                 the Computer: Government Support and International
                 Competition}, this comprehensive volume provides a new
                 understanding to the complex forces that have shaped
                 the computer industry during the past four decades.
                 Kenneth Flamm identifies the origins of technologies
                 important to the creation of computers and traces the
                 roots of individual technologies to the specific
                 research groups and programs responsible for major
                 advances. He evaluates the impact of these innovations
                 on industrial competition and argues that the emergence
                 of specialization and product differentiation in the
                 1950s and the compatibility and standards in the
                 mid-1960s were key factors defining this competition.
                 Flamm also identifies the various market strategies
                 adopted in later decades to challenge an industry
                 leader, strategies linked to the entry and exit of
                 individual firms.\par

                 In addition to the effects of technology and internal
                 industry developments, international competition and
                 national policies on technology, trade, and investment
                 shaped the evolution of this new industry. Flamm
                 documents the role of government support for technology
                 in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan and
                 describes the critical technological and economic links
                 between national and international markets. Finally, he
                 links these strategies, technological trends, and
                 national policies to one another and shows how they
                 continue to influence current developments in the
                 computer industry.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 The technological landscape \\
                 Military roots \\
                 IBM and its competitors \\
                 Competition in Europe \\
                 Computers in Japan \\
                 How computer firms compete \\
                 The changing face of competition",
}

@Book{Fogiel:1988:HGC,
  author =       "Max Fogiel",
  title =        "Handbook and guide for comparing and selecting
                 computer languages {BASIC}, {FORTRAN}, {PASCAL},
                 {COBOL}, {PL/1}, {APL}, {ALGOL-60}, {C}",
  publisher =    pub-RES-EDU-ASSOC,
  address =      pub-RES-EDU-ASSOC:adr,
  pages =        "v + 122",
  year =         "1988",
  ISBN =         "????",
  ISBN-13 =      "????",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 27 13:40:57 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran2.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Originally published: New York, 1985.",
  keywords =     "Programming languages (Electronic computers).",
}

@Unpublished{Hemker:1988:DCN,
  author =       "Piet Hemker and Barry Koren",
  title =        "Defect correction and nonlinear multigrid for the
                 steady {Euler} equations",
  number =       "N 8801",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Meyer:1988:TFA,
  author =       "A. R. Meyer and K. Sieber",
  title =        "Towards fully abstract semantics for local variables",
  crossref =     "ACM:1988:PPC",
  pages =        "191--203",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 3 12:40:19 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/plan/73560/p191-meyer/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "languages; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.3} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Constructs and Features. {\bf D.3.1} Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Formal Definitions and Theory,
                 Semantics. {\bf D.3.2} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Language Classifications, ALGOL.",
}

@Article{Morgan:1988:PPA,
  author =       "Carroll Morgan",
  title =        "Procedures, parameters, and abstraction: separate
                 concerns",
  journal =      j-SCI-COMPUT-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "11",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17--28 (or 17--27??)",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "SCPGD4",
  ISSN =         "0167-6423 (print), 1872-7964 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-6423",
  MRclass =      "68N05",
  MRnumber =     "984 085",
  bibdate =      "Sun Oct 10 09:12:09 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/SE/COMPASS.bib;
                 ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/SE/obscure.bib;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scicomputprogram.bib;
                 MathSciNet database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Programming Research Group",
  affiliationaddress = "Oxford, Engl",
  classification = "723",
  fjournal =     "Science of Computer Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423/",
  journalabr =   "Sci Comput Program",
  keywords =     "Abstraction; algol-60; Aliasing Problem; Computer
                 Metatheory --- Programming Theory; Computer
                 Programming; Imperative Program Development;
                 Procedures; Program Refinement",
}

@InBook{Nijholt:1988:BPA,
  author =       "Anton (Antinus) Nijholt",
  booktitle =    "Computers and Languages: Theory and Practice",
  title =        "{BNF} Programming, Analyzing, and Compiling",
  chapter =      "8",
  publisher =    pub-NORTH-HOLLAND,
  address =      pub-NORTH-HOLLAND:adr,
  bookpages =    "xiii + 482",
  pages =        "201--237",
  year =         "1988",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-70463-4.50015-3",
  ISBN =         "0-444-70463-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-444-70463-4",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6 .N55 1988",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 16:58:27 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "This paper is a rich source of the history of the use
                 of BNF grammars in language parsers and compilers.",
  URL =          "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/bookseries/pii/B9780444704634500153",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ALGOL 58; ALGOL 60; ALGOL 68; ALGOL W",
  remark-1 =     "From page 206: ``Both Bauer and Backus mention that
                 the use of the notation came from similar notation
                 (Post's productions, Post[1943]) in mathematical logic.
                 Backus remarks: `As to where the idea came from --- it
                 came from a class that I took from Martin Davis. He was
                 giving it at Atlanta State, talking about the work of
                 Emil Post and the idea of a production. It was only in
                 trying to describe ALGOL 58 that I realized that there
                 was trouble about syntax description. It was obvious
                 that Post's productions were just the thing, and I
                 hastily adapted them to that use.''",
  remark-2 =     "From page 207: ``In 1964 Knuth suggested to use the
                 name Backus Naur Form in the future in order to honor
                 P. Naur's work as editor of the ALGOL 60 Report.''",
  remark-3 =     "From page 207: ``In the August issue of Comm. ACM Gorn
                 \cite{Gorn:1961:SBT} discussed some basic terminology
                 of mechanical languages and their processors. However,
                 `BNF', `context-free language' or `formal language' are
                 words which are not yet mentioned. In December,
                 however, Gorn \cite{Gorn:1961:SLM} remarks that `The
                 specification restrictions implicit in Backus normal
                 form place the languages so specified in the class of
                 `Phrase Structure Languages'\,.''",
  remark-4 =     "From page 2008 footnote: ``Knuth
                 [Conway:1980:BRI\cite{Knuth:1962:BL}] refers to work
                 done at Case Institute of Technology in 1961. At this
                 institute, Melvin E. Conway investigated the
                 application of transition diagrams to the recognition
                 of ALGOL 60 [\cite{}].''",
  remark-5 =     "From page 209: ``In two papers Floyd
                 \cite{Floyd:1962:NPS,Floyd:1962:APS} showed, using
                 Bar-Hillers technique, that programming languages are
                 not necessarily context-free languages. Moreover, it
                 was shown that it is undecidable whether a context-free
                 grammar is unambiguous. The latter problem became
                 interesting when it turned out that the BNF description
                 of ALGOL 60 was ambiguous.'' [the dangling-ELSE
                 problem: see \cite{Conway:1961:LEA}]",
  remark-6 =     "From page 213: ``Notice that in ALGOL 60 it is not
                 required that declaration of identifiers is done before
                 their use. ADA and PASCAL have different scope
                 rules.''",
  remark-7 =     "From page 216: ``Although not presented in a
                 completely formal way, E. T. Irons
                 \cite{Irons:1961:SDC} of the Institute for Defense
                 Analysis explicitly defined the problem of translating
                 from source text through the intermediate level of a
                 syntax tree to the semantics (meaning). \ldots{} The
                 ultimate aim of this process was to produce a compiler
                 for ALGOL 60. It is generally assumed that Irons' paper
                 started the research on syntax-directed compiling.''",
  remark-8 =     "From pages 224--225: ``proposal
                 [\cite{Wirth:1966:CDAb}] became known as Algol W.''",
  remark-9 =     "From page 227: ``Floyd [\cite{Floyd:1961:DLS}] was
                 among the first who recognized the necessity of
                 creating a special description language for compilers.
                 Obviously, the language was first used in the
                 development of an ALGOL 60 compiler.",
}

@Article{Philbrow:1988:PAD,
  author =       "P. C. Philbrow and I. Armour and M. P. Atkinson and J.
                 Livingstone",
  title =        "{PS-Algol}'s device-independent output statement",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "107--114",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:15:25 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "design; languages; theory",
  subject =      "D.3.2 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, S \\ D.3.3 Software, PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES, Language Constructs, Input/Output",
}

@InProceedings{Trilling:1988:ACI,
  author =       "Laurent Trilling",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "Colloque sur l'histoire de l'informatique en France",
  title =        "{Algo1 68}, une culture informatique perdue~?.
                 ({French}) [{Algo1 68}, a lost computer culture?]",
  volume =       "1",
  publisher =    "INPG",
  address =      "Grenoble, France",
  pages =        "447--453",
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 10:56:13 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "See related article \cite{vanderMeulen:1977:AMB}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "French",
}

@Book{vanderHorst:1988:SSP,
  author =       "Rob van der Horst and Richard Gill",
  title =        "{STATAL}: statistical procedures in {Algol 60}, {Part
                 3}",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{vanWijngaarden:1988:DRA,
  author =       "A. van Wijngaarden and B. J. Mailloux and J. E. L.
                 Peck and C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "Draft Report on the Algorithmic Language {ALGOL 68}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "MR 93",
  institution =  "Mathematisch Centrum, University of Amsterdam",
  address =      "Amsterdam, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1988",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 16:08:17 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Second printing.",
  URL =          "https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/algol/algol_bulletin/AS26/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Yemini:1988:TCA,
  author =       "Shaula Yemini and Daniel M. Berry",
  title =        "Technical Correspondence: ``{An Axiomatic Treatment of
                 Exception Handling in an Expression-Oriented
                 Language}''",
  journal =      j-TOPLAS,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "503--504",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "ATPSDT",
  ISSN =         "0164-0925 (print), 1558-4593 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-0925",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jan 06 12:58:29 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toplas.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Yemini:1987:ATE}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-pb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J783",
}

@Article{Zaki:1988:ARM,
  author =       "M. Zaki and M. M. Elboraey",
  title =        "Analysis of Reliability Models for Interconnecting
                 {MIMD} Systems",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "304--312",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1988",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/31.4.304",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:25 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/31/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_31/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1980.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/31/4/304.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_31/Issue_04/tiff/304.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_31/Issue_04/tiff/305.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_31/Issue_04/tiff/306.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_31/Issue_04/tiff/307.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_31/Issue_04/tiff/308.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_31/Issue_04/tiff/309.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_31/Issue_04/tiff/310.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_31/Issue_04/tiff/311.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_31/Issue_04/tiff/312.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Univ of Al-Azhar, Cairo, Egypt",
  affiliationaddress = "Univ of Al-Azhar, Cairo, Egypt",
  classcodes =   "C5440 (Multiprocessor systems and techniques); C5470
                 (Performance evaluation and testing)",
  classification = "723",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. Eng., Al-Azhar Univ., Cairo, Egypt",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "Algol-like algorithms; combinatorial; computer
                 networks; computer systems, digital; graph theory;
                 interconnecting MIMD; links-enumeration; MIMD
                 interconnections; MIMD systems; multiple instructions
                 with multiple data (MIMD); multiple-instruction
                 multiple data streams; network configurations; parallel
                 processing; performance evaluation; reliability;
                 Reliability; reliability models; spanning;
                 state-transition; systems; tree",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1989:PVS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Proceedings van het symposium wiskunde en de computer:
                 [{Amsterdam}, 1989]. ({Dutch}) [{Proceedings} of the
                 symposium mathematics and the computer: [{Amsterdam},
                 1989]]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1989:VCV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus 1989 {Centrum voor Wiskunde en
                 Informatica}: wiskunde in de {Gouden Eeuw}. ({Dutch})
                 [{Holiday} course 1989 {Center for Mathematics and
                 Computer Science}: mathematics in the {Golden Age}]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1989",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Article{Rapin:1989:PON,
  author =       "Ch. Rapin",
  title =        "Procedural objects in {Newton}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "133--141",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:15:44 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1980.bib",
  abstract =     "Several algorithmic programming languages, for
                 instance Algol-68 and Modula-2, provide the possibility
                 of declaring procedure types. In these languages,
                 procedures and functions can thus be manipulated in the
                 same way as the values of any data type. Most of these
                 languages impose however certain restrictions on this
                 feature to allow the implementation of procedure
                 activation records on the stack. Unfortunately these
                 curtail some of the most interesting possibilities of
                 procedure types. The generic procedures of the Ada
                 language are even more limited; generic procedures may
                 not be passed as parameters to other procedures or
                 included in objects: they must be instantiated in a
                 declaration sequence. To be able to explore this
                 concept in its full generality, procedure types have
                 been added to the Newton experimental language. In this
                 paper, some of the interesting possibilities of
                 unrestricted procedure types will be shown by suitable
                 examples.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "Lausanne, Switz",
  classification = "723",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  journalabr =   "SIGPLAN Not",
  keywords =     "algorithms; Computer Metatheory--Programming Theory;
                 Computer Programming Languages; design; languages;
                 Procedure Orientation; Programming Language Newton",
  subject =      "D.3.2 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications \\ D.3.3 Software, PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES, Language Constructs, Procedures, functions,
                 and subroutines",
}

@Article{Tennent:1989:EDS,
  author =       "R. D. Tennent",
  title =        "Elementary data structures in {ALGOL}-like languages",
  journal =      j-SCI-COMPUT-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "73--110",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1989",
  CODEN =        "SCPGD4",
  ISSN =         "0167-6423 (print), 1872-7964 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-6423",
  MRclass =      "68Q55 (68N15)",
  MRnumber =     "1 049 351",
  bibdate =      "Sun Oct 10 09:12:09 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scicomputprogram.bib;
                 MathSciNet database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Queen's Univ",
  affiliationaddress = "Kingston, Ont, Can",
  classification = "723",
  fjournal =     "Science of Computer Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423/",
  journalabr =   "Sci Comput Program",
  keywords =     "Computer Metatheory --- Programming Theory; Computer
                 Programming Languages; Data Processing --- Data
                 Structures; Functional Programming",
}

@Article{Bauer:1990:CPS,
  author =       "F. L. Bauer",
  title =        "The Cellar Principle of State Transition and Storage
                 Allocation",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "41--49",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1990.10004",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1239",
  MRclass =      "01A60 03-03",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:14 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 OCLC Contents1st database",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1990/pdf/a1041.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1990/a1041abs.htm",
  ZMID =         "04145852",
  ZMnumber =     "0699.01018",
  abstract =     "The grammar of arithmetic formulas was the pilot
                 example for developing parsing techniques for Chomsky
                 grammars. It is shown how stacks were introduced and
                 how they turned out to be powerful instruments within
                 compilers by controlling state transitions at compile
                 time and storage allocation at run time.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015)",
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
}

@Article{Merrett:1990:SOC,
  author =       "T. H. Merrett",
  title =        "Scoping is not orthogonal to completeness",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "381--381",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/33.4.381",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 26 14:08:13 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_04/tiff/381.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Sch. of Comput. Sci., McGill Univ., McConnell Eng.,
                 Montreal, Que., Canada",
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages)",
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Sch. of Comput. Sci., McGill Univ., McConnell Eng.,
                 Montreal, Que., Canada",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; ALGOL 60; closures; Closures; completeness;
                 Completeness; languages; privacy; Privacy; programming;
                 Programming languages; scoping of names; Scoping of
                 names",
  thesaurus =    "ALGOL",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Nawrocki:1990:DOA,
  author =       "J. R. Nawrocki and C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "On display optimization for {Algol-like} languages",
  journal =      j-COMP-LANGS,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "27--39",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "COLADA",
  ISSN =         "0096-0551 (print), 1873-6742 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0096-0551",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 25 14:04:06 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/complngs.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Politechnika Poznanska",
  affiliationaddress = "Poznan, Pol",
  classcodes =   "C4240 (Programming and algorithm theory); C6140D (High
                 level languages); C6150C (Compilers, interpreters and
                 other processors)",
  classification = "721; 722; 723",
  corpsource =   "Osrodek Inf., Politech. Poznan., Poland",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00960551",
  journalabr =   "Comput Lang",
  keywords =     "Algol; ALGOL; Algol-like languages; Automata
                 Theory--Computability and Decidability; classical
                 display; Code Generation; compiler design;
                 computational complexity; Computational Complexity;
                 Computer Metatheory--Computational Complexity; Computer
                 Operating Systems--Program Compilers; Computer
                 Programming Languages; display; display entries;
                 display size minimization; formal procedures;
                 generalized fast display; GF-; nonlocal variables;
                 NP-hard; optimization; polynomial; program compilers;
                 proper algorithm; registers; scope rule; Storage
                 Management; time; time overhead; updating; very fast",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Pair:1990:CHL,
  author =       "C. Pair",
  title =        "{CRIN}: The History of a Laboratory",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "159--166",
  month =        jul # "\slash " # sep,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:15 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 OCLC Contents1st database",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1990/pdf/a3159.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1990/a3159abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  keywords =     "Computers -- History -- Periodicals; CRIN (Centre de
                 Recherche en Informatique de Nancy); Electronic data
                 processing -- History -- Periodicals",
  xxnote =       "IEEE Web site has incorrect GRIN.",
}

@Article{Philbrow:1990:EEH,
  author =       "P. C. Philbrow and M. P. Atkinson",
  title =        "Events and exception handling in {PS}-Algol",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "33",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "108--125",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/33.2.108",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:28 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/2.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/2/108.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/108.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/109.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/110.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/111.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/112.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/113.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/114.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/115.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/116.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/117.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/118.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/119.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/120.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/121.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/122.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/123.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/124.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_33/Issue_02/tiff/125.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Glasgow Univ., UK",
  classcodes =   "C6140D (High level languages); C6110 (Systems analysis
                 and programming)",
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6140D
                 (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Glasgow Univ., UK",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; circumstances; Event handling; event handling;
                 exception handling; Exception handling facilities;
                 exceptional; Exceptional circumstances; facilities;
                 Persistent language; persistent language; Programmer
                 exceptions; programmer exceptions; programming;
                 Programming language; programming language; PS-Algol;
                 PS-algol; subroutines; System events; system events",
  thesaurus =    "ALGOL; Programming; Subroutines",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Article{Robson:1990:RAM,
  author =       "J. M. Robson",
  title =        "Random access machines with multi-dimensional
                 memories",
  journal =      j-INFO-PROC-LETT,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "265--266",
  day =          "7",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "IFPLAT",
  ISSN =         "0020-0190 (print), 1872-6119 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-0190",
  bibdate =      "Wed Nov 11 12:16:26 MST 1998",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/infoproc1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Australian Natl Univ",
  affiliationaddress = "Canberra, Aust",
  classification = "722; 723; C4240 (Programming and algorithm theory)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. Sci., Australian Nat. Univ.,
                 Canberra, ACT, Australia",
  fjournal =     "Information Processing Letters",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00200190/",
  journalabr =   "Inf Process Lett",
  keywords =     "algorithm theory; Array Processing; complexity;
                 computational complexity; Computer Systems, Digital;
                 multi-dimensional memories; Multidimensional Arrays;
                 Multiprocessing; RAM-algol; Random Access Machines;
                 random access machines; two-dimensional arrays",
  treatment =    "T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Stancin:1990:BRS,
  author =       "Marina Stancin",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\booktitle{STATAL: statistical
                 procedures in Algol 60}} by R. Van der Hor}",
  journal =      "Bulletin math{\'e}matique de la {Soci{\'e}t{\'e} des
                 Sciences Math{\'e}matiques de Roumanie}",
  volume =       "34 (82)",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "288--288",
  year =         "1990",
  ISSN =         "1220-3874, 2065-0264",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 20 11:41:03 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.jstor.org/stable/43678351",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Starynkevitch:1990:SCC,
  author =       "Dimitri Starynkevitch",
  title =        "The {SEA CAB 500} Computer",
  journal =      j-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "12",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "23--29",
  month =        jan # "\slash " # mar,
  year =         "1990",
  CODEN =        "AHCOE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1990.10008",
  ISSN =         "0164-1239",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-1239",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 1 15:29:14 MST 2002",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/annhistcomput.bib;
                 OCLC Contents1st database",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1990/pdf/a1023.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1990/a1023abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5488650",
  remark =       "From page 28: ``In common with the CAB 500 these
                 machines had compilers for PAF, FORTRAN and ALGOL, the
                 latter having been written at the University of
                 Grenoble. A PAF to FORTRAN translator was developed at
                 {\'E}lectricit{\'e} de France in 1962. During the
                 winter of 1962--63, software was developed for the CAB
                 500 that enabled the machine to respond to instructions
                 in English, German, and Russian, as well as in
                 French.''",
}

@Unpublished{Anonymous:1991:SCV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Studiedag cultuurgeschiedenis van de automatisering
                 [{GMFW-CWI} colloquium history of computing]:
                 [26.04.1991]. ({Dutch}) [{Study} day on the cultural
                 history of automation [{GMFW-CWI} colloquium history of
                 computing]: [26.04.1991]]",
  number =       "N 9101",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@InProceedings{Consel:1991:SDS,
  author =       "Charles Consel and Olivier Danvy",
  title =        "Static and dynamic semantics processing",
  crossref =     "ACM:1991:PPE",
  pages =        "14--24",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 3 12:44:16 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/plan/99583/p14-consel/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; experimentation; languages",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.4} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Processors, Compilers. {\bf F.3.2} Theory of
                 Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, Semantics
                 of Programming Languages, Denotational semantics. {\bf
                 D.3.2} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, ALGOL. {\bf D.2.1} Software, SOFTWARE
                 ENGINEERING, Requirements/Specifications, Languages.",
}

@Article{Khanna:1991:LPS,
  author =       "S. Khanna",
  title =        "Logic Programming for Software Verification and
                 Testing",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "34",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "350--357",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/34.4.350",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 4 14:48:32 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/34/4.toc;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_04/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/34/4/350.full.pdf+html;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_04/tiff/350.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_04/tiff/351.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_04/tiff/352.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_04/tiff/353.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_04/tiff/354.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_04/tiff/355.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_04/tiff/356.tif;
                 http://www3.oup.co.uk/computer_journal/hdb/Volume_34/Issue_04/tiff/357.tif",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Syracuse Univ., NY, USA",
  classcodes =   "C6150G (Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating
                 systems); C6170 (Expert systems); C4240 (Programming
                 and algorithm theory); C6110 (Systems analysis and
                 programming); C1160 (Combinatorial mathematics)",
  classification = "C1160 (Combinatorial mathematics); C4240
                 (Programming and algorithm theory); C6110 (Systems
                 analysis and programming); C6150G (Diagnostic, testing,
                 debugging and evaluating systems); C6170 (Expert
                 systems)",
  corpsource =   "Syracuse Univ., NY, USA",
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "Algol-like language; decision graph; decision-to-;
                 Decision-to-decision graph; dynamic theories;
                 evaluation; formal logic; graph theory; leaf theories;
                 Leaf theories; logic programming; Logic programming;
                 multiple; Multiple dynamic theories; output variables;
                 Output variables; path predicate evaluation; Path
                 predicate evaluation; program; software verification;
                 Software verification; symbolic; symbolic environments;
                 Symbolic environments; Symbolic evaluation; tree
                 structure; Tree structure; verification; verification
                 scheme; Verification scheme",
  thesaurus =    "Formal logic; Graph theory; Logic programming; Program
                 verification",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@InCollection{Naur:1991:APL,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "{Algol 60} and programming languages",
  crossref =     "Naur:1991:CHA",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 08 06:52:09 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Naur:1991:CCD,
  author =       "Peter Naur",
  title =        "Compiler construction and and data processing",
  crossref =     "Naur:1991:CHA",
  pages =        "??--??",
  year =         "1991",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 08 06:52:09 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tennent:1991:CPW,
  author =       "R. D. Tennent and J. K. Tobin",
  title =        "Continuations in possible-world semantics",
  journal =      j-THEOR-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "85",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "283--303",
  day =          "12",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "TCSCDI",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(91)90184-4",
  ISSN =         "0304-3975 (print), 1879-2294 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0304-3975",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 22 13:24:22 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hoare-c-a-r.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tcs1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4210 (Formal logic)",
  corpsource =   "Dept. of Comput. and Inf. Sci., Queen's Univ.,
                 Kingston., Ont., Canada",
  fjournal =     "Theoretical Computer Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03043975/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 60-like languages; block expressions; formal
                 languages; formal logic; Hoare's logic; jumps;
                 local-variable declarations; modelling; noninterference
                 specifications; possible-world semantics",
  pubcountry =   "Netherlands",
  subject-dates = "Charles Antony Richard Hoare (11 January 1934--5
                 March 2026)",
  treatment =    "P Practical; T Theoretical or Mathematical",
}

@Article{Tennent:1991:LVN,
  author =       "R. D. Tennent",
  title =        "Local Variables and Non-Interference in {Algol}-like
                 Languages",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "530",
  pages =        "34--??",
  year =         "1991",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Nov 24 15:10:40 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs1991.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:1992:MKS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Mark Kac} seminar on probability and physics:
                 syllabus [a selection of reports of lectures delivered
                 during the academic years] 1987--1992",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:1992:PSL,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Proceedings seminar 1986--1987: lectures on
                 {Kac--Moody} algebras [presented in the seminar
                 {Mathematical} structures in field theories']",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:1992:VCV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus [{Centrum voor Wiskunde en
                 Informatica}] 1992: systeemtheorie. ({Dutch})
                 [{Holiday} course [{Center for Mathematics and Computer
                 Science}] 1992: systems theory]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Article{Boute:1992:EDF,
  author =       "Raymond T. Boute",
  title =        "The {Euclidean} Definition of the Functions div and
                 mod",
  journal =      j-TOPLAS,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "127--144",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "ATPSDT",
  ISSN =         "0164-0925 (print), 1558-4593 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0164-0925",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 5 07:58:42 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compiler/Compiler.Lins.bib; Compiler/TOPLAS.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/toplas.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/Abstracts/0164-0925/128862.html",
  abstract =     "The definitions of the functions div and mod in the
                 computer science literature and in programming
                 languages are either similar to the Algol of Pascal
                 definition (which is shown to be an unfortunate choice)
                 or based on division by truncation (T-definition) or
                 division by flooring as defined by Knuth
                 (F-definition). The differences between various
                 definitions that are in common usage are discussed, and
                 an additional one is proposed, which is based on
                 Euclid's theorem and therefore is called the {\em
                 Euclidean\/} definition (E-definition). Its
                 distinguishing feature is that $ 0 <= D \bmod d < d $
                 irrespective of the signs of $D$ and $d$. It is argued
                 that the E- and F-definitions are superior to all other
                 ones in regularity and useful mathematical properties
                 and hence deserve serious consideration as the standard
                 convention at the applications and language level. It
                 is also shown that these definitions are the most
                 suitable ones for describing number representation
                 systems and the realization of arithmetic operations at
                 the architecture and hardware level.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-pb,
  ajournal =     "ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.",
  fjournal =     "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and
                 Systems",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J783",
  keywords =     "design; languages; standardization; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.1}: Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Formal
                 Definitions and Theory, Semantics. {\bf B.2.m}:
                 Hardware, ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC STRUCTURES,
                 Miscellaneous. {\bf D.3.0}: Software, PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES, General, Standards. {\bf D.3.3}: Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Constructs and
                 Features, Data types and structures. {\bf G.1.0}:
                 Mathematics of Computing, NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, General,
                 Computer arithmetic.",
}

@Misc{Koster:1992:SHA,
  author =       "C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "A Shorter History of {Algol68}",
  howpublished = "Web archive document",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "1992 (??)",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 09:38:04 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://web.archive.org/web/20060810103448/http://npt.cc.rsu.ru/user/wanderer/ODP/ALGOL68.txt",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Undated, but the author mentions a forthcoming history
                 article \cite{Lindsey:1993:HA}, so this document mu
                 have been written before March 1993.",
}

@Article{Lambert:1992:AOC,
  author =       "Kenneth A. Lambert",
  title =        "An {ALGOL} object code interpreter in Scheme",
  journal =      j-SIGCSE,
  volume =       "24",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "39--44",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SIGSD3",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/142040.142068",
  ISSN =         "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0097-8418",
  bibdate =      "Sat Nov 17 18:57:20 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
                 Computer Science Education)",
  journal-URL =  "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}

@Unpublished{Meertens:1992:ASE,
  author =       "Lambert Meertens and Steven Pemberton and Guido van
                 Rossum",
  title =        "The {ABC} structure editor: structure-based editing
                 for the {ABC} programming environment",
  number =       "R 9256",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Needham:1992:LDC,
  author =       "Roger M. Needham",
  title =        "Later Developments at {Cambridge}: {Titan}, {CAP}, and
                 the {Cambridge Ring}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "57--58",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/85.194056",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wilkes-maurice-v.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4057.pdf;
                 http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a4057abs.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
  remark-1 =     "From page 57: ``The Titan system was also the first to
                 make use of a one-way function to protect its password
                 file, a tactic which has since become almost
                 universal.''",
  remark-2 =     "From page 58: ``\ldots{} the operating systems for CAP
                 was almost entirely written in the local dialect of
                 Algol 68.''",
  remark-3 =     "From page 58: ``The Cambridge Ring was an empty-slot
                 ring, which was believed to be easier to maintain. The
                 data rate was 10 megabits per second.''",
  subject-dates = "Sir Maurice Vincent Wilkes (26 June 1913--29 November
                 2010)",
}

@Article{Stansifer:1992:CE,
  author =       "Ryan Stansifer",
  title =        "The Calculation of {Easter}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "61--65",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:16:30 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1990.bib",
  note =         "See also \cite{Bevan:1994:LEC}.",
  abstract =     "In a 1962 article that appeared in the Communications
                 of the ACM, Donald Knuth gave two programs for
                 computing the date on which Easter falls. One was
                 written in ALGOL, the other in COBOL. Besides having a
                 fascinating history, this algorithm makes a good, small
                 programming project. The author presents his own
                 programs written in Modula-3 and ML. Modula-3 is an
                 imperative language with modules. Other distinctive
                 features are objects, exception handling, garbage
                 collection, and processes.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Dept. of Comput. Sci., North Texas Univ., Denton, TX,
                 USA",
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C7890
                 (Other special applications)",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "Easter; Exception handling; Garbage collection; ML;
                 Modula-3; Modules; Objects; Processes",
  thesaurus =    "Modula listings; Programming",
}

@Book{vanAsch:1992:HHM,
  author =       "A. G. van Asch and F. van der Blij",
  title =        "Hoeken en hun maat. ({Dutch}) [{Angles} and their
                 measure]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1992",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@InProceedings{Alberts:1993:ICH,
  author =       "Gerard Alberts",
  title =        "Introduction to the Conference [on the history of
                 {ALGOL 68}]",
  crossref =     "Alberts:1993:CHA",
  pages =        "5--8",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 09:07:42 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Alberts:1993:PC,
  author =       "Gerard Alberts",
  title =        "Program of the Conference",
  crossref =     "Alberts:1993:CHA",
  pages =        "73--73",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 09:07:42 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:1993:MVK,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Meetkunde, van kunst tot kunde. ({Dutch}) [{Geometry}:
                 from art to science]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:1993:VCV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus [{Centrum voor Wiskunde en
                 Informatica}] 1993: het reele getal. ({Dutch})
                 [{Holiday} course [{Center for Mathematics and Computer
                 Science}] 1993: the real number]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@InProceedings{Bauer:1993:HPL,
  author =       "Friedrich L. Bauer",
  title =        "History of Programming Languages, a Survey",
  crossref =     "Alberts:1993:CHA",
  pages =        "9--22",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 09:07:42 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015)",
}

@Article{Bowlden:1993:IA,
  author =       "Henry J. Bowlden",
  title =        "An introduction to {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "345--346",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:16:34 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/plan/154766/p345-bowlden/",
  abstract =     "The language ALGOL 68 was conceived as a successor to
                 ALGOL 60, with special attention to be given to a
                 widened scope of applicability and to a more rigorously
                 defined syntax and semantics. In the final analysis,
                 the contributions of the ALGOL 68 effort to the
                 development of computer science stem primarily from
                 original design concepts which were passed on in one
                 form or another to many of the subsequently developed
                 programming languages. Some implementations based on a
                 sublanguage became popular in academic environments and
                 were used as a basis for courses in computer
                 programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  confdate =     "20-23 April 1993",
  conflocation = "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  confname =     "HOPL-II. The second ACM SIGPLAN conference on History
                 of programming languages, April 20--23, 1993,
                 Cambridge, MA",
  confsponsor =  "ACM",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "Academic environments; ALGOL 68; algorithms; Computer
                 programming; design; Design concepts; languages;
                 Semantics; Syntax",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.2} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, ALGOL-68. {\bf D.3.3} Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Constructs and
                 Features, Procedures, functions, and subroutines. {\bf
                 D.3.3} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Constructs and Features, Input/output.",
  thesaurus =    "ALGOL",
}

@InProceedings{Bulyonkov:1993:AYU,
  author =       "Mikhail A. Bulyonkov and Alexandr F. Rar and Andrei N.
                 Terekhov",
  title =        "{Algol 68} --- 25 Years in the {USSR}",
  crossref =     "Alberts:1993:CHA",
  pages =        "45--51",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 09:07:42 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Guttag:1993:BIC,
  author =       "John Guttag",
  title =        "A brief introduction to {CLU}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "351--352",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:16:34 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/plan/154766/p351-guttag/",
  abstract =     "CLU is an imperative programming language that
                 features several interesting abstraction mechanisms. On
                 the surface it looks like a member of the Algol family
                 of languages: its syntax is Algol-like and it is
                 lexically scoped and strongly typed. However, CLU's
                 underlying semantic model is much closer to LISP's than
                 to Algol's.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA",
  classification = "C6110J (Object-oriented programming); C6140D (High
                 level languages)",
  confdate =     "20-23 April 1993",
  conflocation = "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  confname =     "HOPL-II. The second ACM SIGPLAN conference on History
                 of programming languages, April 20--23, 1993,
                 Cambridge, MA",
  confsponsor =  "ACM",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "Abstraction mechanisms; CLU; Imperative programming
                 language; languages; Semantic model",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.2} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, CLU. {\bf D.3.3} Software, PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES, Language Constructs and Features, Abstract
                 data types. {\bf D.3.3} Software, PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES, Language Constructs and Features,
                 Procedures, functions, and subroutines.",
  thesaurus =    "High level languages; Object-oriented languages",
}

@Article{Jervis:1993:PPL,
  author =       "Robert Jervis",
  title =        "The {Parasol} Programming Language",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "34--41",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 03 09:15:44 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/dr-dobbs-1990.bib;
                 UnCover database",
  abstract =     "Parasol, short for ``Parallel Systems Object
                 Language,'' was influenced by C and Smalltalk, although
                 the design also reflects C++, CLU, Algol, and Turbo
                 Pascal.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Wizard Consulting Services Inc., Monte Sereno, CA,
                 USA",
  classification = "C6110J (Object-oriented programming); C6110P
                 (Parallel programming); C6140D (High level languages);
                 C6150N (Distributed systems)",
  keywords =     "Binary import/export mechanism; Network computing;
                 Object-oriented language; Parallel computing; Parasol
                 programming language; Syntax",
  thesaurus =    "Distributed processing; Object-oriented languages;
                 Parallel languages",
}

@InProceedings{Koster:1993:MA,
  author =       "Cees Koster",
  title =        "The Making of {Algol 68}",
  crossref =     "Alberts:1993:CHA",
  pages =        "27--39",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 09:07:42 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1993:BIP,
  author =       "Peter Lee",
  title =        "A brief introduction to {Pascal}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "363--364",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:16:34 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/plan/154766/p363-lee/",
  abstract =     "Pascal is syntactically similar to ALGOL60, borrowing
                 the nested block structure and having recursive
                 procedures and functions. However, some differences
                 arise out of the desire for simplicity, orthogonality,
                 and efficiency. The main innovation of Pascal is its
                 system of static types. Like ALGOL, the type of every
                 variable must be declared. However, in Pascal it is
                 possible to declare new types. Types can be constructed
                 from the usual primitive types such as integer,
                 boolean, and real. In addition, one can define the
                 values of a type by enumeration or as a subrange of
                 another type. As a result, Pascal brought together for
                 the first time a wide variety of features for
                 data-structuring into the type system of the language.
                 These facilities allow one to built up structured types
                 such as arrays, records, sets, and files from other
                 types. Pointer types are also provided, which in
                 conjunction with recursive definition of types permit
                 creation of dynamically allocated data structures such
                 as LISP-like lists and trees.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  confdate =     "20-23 April 1993",
  conflocation = "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  confname =     "HOPL-II. The second ACM SIGPLAN conference on History
                 of programming languages, April 20--23, 1993,
                 Cambridge, MA",
  confsponsor =  "ACM",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL60; algorithms; Data structures; Enumeration;
                 languages; Pascal; Static types",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.2} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, Pascal. {\bf D.3.3} Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Constructs and
                 Features, Data types and structures. {\bf F.2.2} Theory
                 of Computation, ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND PROBLEM
                 COMPLEXITY, Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems,
                 Sorting and searching. {\bf E.1} Data, DATA STRUCTURES,
                 Trees.",
  thesaurus =    "Pascal",
}

@Article{Lindsey:1993:HA,
  author =       "C. H. Lindsey",
  title =        "A history of {ALGOL 68}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "97--132",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/155360.155365",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:16:34 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/plan/154766/p97-lindsey/;
                 https://algol68-lang.org/docs/lindsey-history-of-algol68.pdf",
  abstract =     "ALGOL 68 is a language with a lot of `history'. The
                 reader will hear of discord, resignations, unreadable
                 documents, a minority report, and all manner of
                 politicking. But although ALGOL 68 was produced by a
                 committee (and an unruly one at that), the language
                 itself is no camel. Indeed, the rigorous application of
                 the principle of ``orthogonality'' makes it one of the
                 cleanest languages around, as I hope to show. Moreover,
                 when the language came to be revised, the atmosphere
                 was quite different, enabling a much more robust and
                 readable defining document to be produced in a spirit
                 of true cooperation. There are some lessons here for
                 future language design efforts, but I am not optimistic
                 that they have been learned.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6140D (High level languages)",
  confdate =     "20-23 April 1993",
  conflocation = "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  confname =     "HOPL-II. The second ACM SIGPLAN conference on History
                 of programming languages, April 20--23, 1993,
                 Cambridge, MA",
  confsponsor =  "ACM",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; algorithms; History; human factors;
                 languages; Orthogonality; standardization",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.2} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, ALGOL-68. {\bf K.2} Computing Milieux,
                 HISTORY OF COMPUTING, People. {\bf H.1.2} Information
                 Systems, MODELS AND PRINCIPLES, User/Machine Systems,
                 Human factors. {\bf K.2} Computing Milieux, HISTORY OF
                 COMPUTING, Software. {\bf D.3.3} Software, PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES, Language Constructs and Features,
                 Procedures, functions, and subroutines.",
  thesaurus =    "ALGOL; History",
}

@InProceedings{Lindsey:1993:HAE,
  author =       "Charles Lindsey",
  title =        "The History of {ALGOL 68} (Extended Abstract)",
  crossref =     "Alberts:1993:CHA",
  pages =        "23--26",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 09:07:42 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "From page 25: ``The first implementation of something
                 like ALGOL 68, by the Royal Radar Establishment at
                 Malvern, appeared early in 1970. It now became clear
                 that there were many irksome features of the language
                 that hindered implementation and upwards-compatible
                 extensions, whilst not providing any user benefit. Thus
                 a revision was called for, and the decision was to do
                 it sooner rather than later, so that not too many
                 implementations would be affected. It soon became
                 apparent that, to make the language definition both
                 watertight and readable, a major rewrite was going to
                 be necessary.''",
}

@InProceedings{Meertens:1993:DEL,
  author =       "Lambert Meertens",
  title =        "The Design of Elegant Languages",
  crossref =     "Alberts:1993:CHA",
  pages =        "53--64",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 09:07:42 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{OHearn:1993:RPL,
  author =       "P. W. O'Hearn and R. D. Tennent",
  title =        "Relational parametricity and local variables",
  crossref =     "ACM:1993:CRT",
  pages =        "171--184",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 3 12:45:53 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/plan/158511/p171-o_hearn/",
  abstract =     "J. C. Reynolds suggested that Strachey's intuitive
                 concept of ``parametric'' (i.e., uniform) polymorphism
                 is closely linked to {\em representation
                 independence\/}, and used logical relations to
                 formalize this principle in languages with type
                 variables and user-defined types. Here, we use
                 relational parametricity to address long-standing
                 problems with the semantics of local-variable
                 declarations, by showing that interactions between
                 local and non-local entities satisfy certain relational
                 criteria. The new model is based on a cartesian closed
                 category of ``relation-preserving'' functors and
                 natural transformations which is induced by a suitable
                 category of ``possible worlds'' with relations assigned
                 to its objects and morphisms. The semantic
                 interpretation supports straightforward validations of
                 all the test equivalences that have been proposed in
                 the literature, and encompasses standard methods of
                 reasoning about data representations; however, it is
                 not known whether it is fully abstract.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; languages",
  subject =      "{\bf F.3.3} Theory of Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS
                 OF PROGRAMS, Studies of Program Constructs, Type
                 structure. {\bf F.3.3} Theory of Computation, LOGICS
                 AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, Studies of Program
                 Constructs, Functional constructs. {\bf D.3.3}
                 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Constructs
                 and Features, Procedures, functions, and subroutines.
                 {\bf D.3.3} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Constructs and Features, Data types and structures.
                 {\bf D.3.1} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Formal
                 Definitions and Theory, Semantics. {\bf D.3.2}
                 Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, ALGOL.",
}

@InProceedings{Peck:1993:AVW,
  author =       "John Peck",
  title =        "{Aad van Wijngaarden} and the {Mathematisch Centrum},
                 a personal recollection",
  crossref =     "Alberts:1993:CHA",
  pages =        "65--71",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 09:07:42 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "From page 70: ``In 1970 a formal ALGOL 68
                 implementation conference was held in Munich. We had
                 confidently expected that the Munich group would be the
                 first implementers of the new language, but it was not
                 to be. To the surprise of most, Ian Currie appeared to
                 tell us of an implementation at the Royal Radar
                 Establishment in Malvern, England of what he called
                 ALGOL 68-R. It was not a faithful implementation, a
                 major discrepancy being the omission of the proceduring
                 coercion, but it was significant. It taught us that
                 perhaps the design should be amended to make
                 implementations easier.''",
}

@Article{Plauger:1993:PLG,
  author =       "P. J. Plauger",
  title =        "Programming Language Guessing Games",
  journal =      j-DDJ,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "16--22",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "DDJOEB",
  ISSN =         "1044-789X",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 03 09:15:44 1996",
  bibsource =    "http://www.ddj.com/index/author/index.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/dr-dobbs-1990.bib;
                 UnCover database",
  abstract =     "Speculating on the eventual success or failure of a
                 programming language is a popular, if not demanding,
                 pastime where everyone's best guess is as good as
                 anyone else's.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110J (Object-oriented programming); C6140D (High
                 level languages)",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.ddj.com/",
  keywords =     "Ada; Algol 68; C++; Complex languages; PL/I;
                 Programming languages",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Object-oriented languages",
}

@Article{Schwarz:1993:BIC,
  author =       "Jerry Schwarz",
  title =        "A brief introduction to {C++}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "349--350",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sun Dec 14 09:16:34 MST 2003",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/plan/154766/p349-schwarz/",
  abstract =     "C++ is a procedural language in the tradition of the
                 Algol family. It is a direct descendant of C and shares
                 with C much syntax and semantics with extensions
                 primarily in the type system. The type system is static
                 (that is, type correctness is checked at compile time)
                 and runtime efficiency of C++ code is not compromised
                 by the introduction of more complicated types.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110J (Object-oriented programming); C6140D (High
                 level languages)",
  confdate =     "20-23 April 1993",
  conflocation = "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  confname =     "HOPL-II. The second ACM SIGPLAN conference on History
                 of programming languages, April 20--23, 1993,
                 Cambridge, MA",
  confsponsor =  "ACM",
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "algorithms; C++; languages; Procedural language;
                 Runtime efficiency; Type correctness; Type system",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.2} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, C++. {\bf D.3.3} Software, PROGRAMMING
                 LANGUAGES, Language Constructs and Features.",
  thesaurus =    "C language; Object-oriented languages",
}

@InProceedings{vanderMeulen:1993:OFP,
  author =       "Sietse van der Meulen",
  title =        "An orthogonal first programming language",
  crossref =     "Alberts:1993:CHA",
  pages =        "41--44",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 30 09:07:42 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Weeks:1993:OAP,
  author =       "Stephen Weeks and Matthias Felleisen",
  title =        "On the orthogonality of assignments and procedures in
                 {Algol}",
  crossref =     "ACM:1993:CRT",
  pages =        "57--70",
  year =         "1993",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 3 12:45:53 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/plan/158511/p57-weeks/",
  abstract =     "According to folklore, Algol is an ``orthogonal''
                 extension of a simple imperative programming language
                 with a call-by-name functional language. The former
                 contains assignments, branching constructs, and
                 compound statements; the latter is based on the typed
                 [lambda]-calculus. In an attempt to formalize the claim
                 of ``orthogonality'', we define a simple version of
                 Algol and an extended [lambda]-calculus. The calculus
                 includes the {\em full\/} [beta]-rule and rules for the
                 reduction of assignment statements and commands. It has
                 the usual properties, e.g., it satisfies a
                 Church--Rosser and Strong Normalization Theorem. In
                 support of the claim that the imperative and functional
                 components are orthogonal to each other, we show that
                 the proofs of these theorems are combinations of
                 separate Church--Rosser and Strong Normalization
                 theorems for each sublanguage. An acclaimed consequence
                 of Algol's orthogonal design is the idea that the
                 evaluation of a program has two distinct phases. The
                 first phase corresponds to an unrolling of the program
                 according to the usual [beta] and fixpoint reductions,
                 which provide the formal counterpart to Algol's famous
                 copy rule. The result of this phase is essentially an
                 imperative program. The second phase executes the
                 output of the first phase in the imperative fashion of
                 a stack machine. Given our calculus, we can prove a
                 Postponement Theorem and can thus formalize this phase
                 separation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "languages; theory; verification",
  subject =      "{\bf F.4.1} Theory of Computation, MATHEMATICAL LOGIC
                 AND FORMAL LANGUAGES, Mathematical Logic, Lambda
                 calculus and related systems. {\bf F.3.2} Theory of
                 Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, Semantics
                 of Programming Languages. {\bf D.3.2} Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Classifications,
                 ALGOL-60. {\bf D.3.2} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Language Classifications, ALGOL. {\bf F.3.3} Theory of
                 Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, Studies
                 of Program Constructs, Type structure.",
}

@Article{Wilkes:1993:CPF,
  author =       "Maurice V. Wilkes",
  title =        "Computing Perspectives: From {Fortran} and {Algol} to
                 Object-Oriented Languages",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "21--23",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/159544.159553",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 30 09:41:10 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "ftp://ftp.ira.uka.de/pub/bibliography/Database/Graefe.bib;
                 http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wilkes-maurice-v.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran3.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/Abstracts/0001-0782/159553.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Sir Maurice Vincent Wilkes (26 June 1913--29 November
                 2010)",
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
  keywords =     "languages; standardization",
  RSBM-number =  "141",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.2}: Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, Object-oriented languages. {\bf
                 D.3.2}: Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language
                 Classifications, ALGOL. {\bf D.3.2}: Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Classifications,
                 FORTRAN. {\bf K.1}: Computing Milieux, THE COMPUTER
                 INDUSTRY, Standards.",
}

@Book{Alberts:1994:WPH,
  author =       "Gerard Alberts",
  title =        "Wiskunde en praktijk in historisch perspectief:
                 syllabus. ({Dutch}) [{Mathematics} and practice in
                 historical perspective: syllabus]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Article{Bevan:1994:LEC,
  author =       "Stephen J. Bevan",
  title =        "Letter to the Editor: {SIGPLAN Notices 27(12) 1992:
                 ``The Calculation of Easter''}",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "29",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "8--8",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 09 21:28:03 1994",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1990.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Stansifer:1992:CE}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
}

@Book{Boxma:1994:PEP,
  author =       "Onno Boxma and Ger Koole",
  title =        "Performance evaluation of parallel and distributed
                 systems: solution methods: proceedings of the third
                 {QMIPS} [Quantitative Modeling in Parallel Systems]
                 workshop, [{Torino, Italy}, 25-26.09.1993], part 2",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1994",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Sieber:1994:FAS,
  author =       "K. Sieber",
  title =        "Full Abstraction for the Second Order Subset of an
                 {ALGOL-like} Language",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "841",
  pages =        "608--??",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 13 11:52:14 MDT 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs1994.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:1995:VKK,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus 1995: kegelsneden en kwadratische
                 vormen. ({Dutch}) [{Holiday} course 1995: conic
                 sections and quadratic shapes]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Article{Brookes:1995:CTT,
  author =       "S. Brookes",
  title =        "A Category-Theoretic Treatment of a Parallel
                 {Algol}-Like Language",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "953",
  pages =        "180--??",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Sun Oct 25 11:00:02 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs1995a.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{OHearn:1995:PLV,
  author =       "P. W. O'Hearn and R. D. Tennent",
  title =        "Parametricity and Local Variables",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "658--709",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411 (print), 1557-735X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 05 20:48:59 1995",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jacm.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/Abstracts/0004-5411/210425.html",
  abstract =     "We propose that the phenomenon of local state may be
                 understood in terms of Strachey's concept of parametric
                 (i.e., uniform) polymorphism. The intuitive basis for
                 our proposal is the following analogy: a non-local
                 procedure is independent of locally-declared variables
                 in the same way that a parametrically polymorphic
                 function is independent of types to which it is
                 instantiated.\par

                 A connection between parametricity and representational
                 abstraction was first suggested by J. C. Reynolds.
                 Reynolds used logical relations to formalize this
                 connection in languages with type variables and
                 user-defined types. We use relational parametricity to
                 construct a model for an Algol-like language in which
                 interactions between local and non-local entities
                 satisfy certain relational criteria. Reasoning about
                 local variables essentially involved proving properties
                 of polymorphic functions. The new model supports
                 straightforward validations of all the test
                 equivalences that have been proposed in the literature
                 for local-variable semantics, and encompasses standard
                 methods of reasoning about data representations. It is
                 not known whether our techniques yield fully abstract
                 semantics. A model based on partial equivalence
                 relations on the natural numbers is also briefly
                 examined.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Assoc. Comput. Mach.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/jacm",
  keywords =     "languages; theory",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.1}: Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Formal
                 Definitions and Theory, Semantics. {\bf F.3.2}: Theory
                 of Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS,
                 Semantics of Programming Languages, Denotational
                 semantics.",
}

@InProceedings{Reynolds:1995:UFC,
  author =       "John C. Reynolds",
  title =        "Using functor categories to generate intermediate
                 code",
  crossref =     "ACM:1995:CRP",
  pages =        "25--36",
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 3 12:52:30 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org:80/pubs/citations/proceedings/plan/199448/p25-reynolds/",
  abstract =     "In the early 80's Oles and Reynolds devised a semantic
                 model of Algol-like languages using a category of
                 functors from a category of store shapes to the
                 category of predomains. Here we will show how a variant
                 of this idea can be used to define the translation of
                 an Algol-like language to intermediate code in a
                 uniform way that avoids unnecessary temporary
                 variables, provides control-flow translation of boolean
                 expressions, permits online expansion of procedures,
                 and minimizes the storage overhead of calls of closed
                 procedures. The basic idea is to replace continuations
                 by instruction sequences and store shapes by
                 descriptions of the structure of the run-time stack.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; design; languages",
  subject =      "{\bf D.3.4} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Processors, Compilers. {\bf D.3.2} Software,
                 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, Language Classifications, ALGOL.
                 {\bf F.3.3} Theory of Computation, LOGICS AND MEANINGS
                 OF PROGRAMS, Studies of Program Constructs, Type
                 structure. {\bf F.3.2} Theory of Computation, LOGICS
                 AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS, Semantics of Programming
                 Languages. {\bf D.3.3} Software, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES,
                 Language Constructs and Features, Procedures,
                 functions, and subroutines.",
}

@Unpublished{Walters:1995:MEL,
  author =       "Pum Walters and Jasper Kamperman",
  title =        "A model for {I/O} in equational languages with don't
                 care non-determinism",
  number =       "R 9572",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1995",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:1996:PSM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Proceedings seminar 1989--1990 mathematical structures
                 in field theories",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:1996:VC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus 1996: chaos. ({Dutch}) [{Holiday}
                 course 1996: chaos]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Article{Barnes:1996:WDK,
  author =       "J. Barnes",
  title =        "We don't know nothing [programming languages]",
  journal =      j-ADA-USER-J,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "168--171",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "AUJOET",
  ISSN =         "1381-6551",
  ISSN-L =       "1381-6551",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 26 08:32:34 MST 1997",
  bibsource =    "http://www.adauk.org.uk/pubs/prevjour.htm;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adauserj.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  abstract =     "The fact that we argue about the merits of one
                 language over another must mean that there is no
                 widespread understanding of any underlying principles
                 against which languages can be measured. We are
                 dominated by our own little experiences, by fashion and
                 not by truth. The author puts forward some thoughts
                 regarding this faint knowledge. The programming
                 thoughts regarding this faint knowledge. The
                 programming languages discussed include ALGOL, Pascal,
                 C, C++ and Ada.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C6110 (Systems analysis and programming); C6140D
                 (High level languages)",
  corpsource =   "John Barnes Inf., Reading, UK",
  fjournal =     "Ada User Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.ada-europe.org/auj/archive",
  keywords =     "Ada; ALGOL; C language; C++; object-oriented
                 languages; Pascal; programming; programming languages",
  pubcountry =   "UK",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@InProceedings{Brookes:1996:EPA,
  author =       "S. Brookes",
  title =        "The essence of parallel {Algol}",
  crossref =     "Vardi:1996:AIS",
  pages =        "164--173",
  year =         "1996",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.1996.561315",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 14:51:26 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Computer languages; Computer science; Encapsulation;
                 Interference; Parallel processing; Parallel
                 programming; Read-write memory; Safety",
}

@Article{Bulyonkov:1996:PAS,
  author =       "Mikhail A. Bulyonkov and Dmitry V. Kochetov",
  title =        "Practical Aspects of Specialization of {Algol}-like
                 Programs",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "1110",
  pages =        "17--32",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61580-6_2",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 29 14:12:39 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs1996b.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-61580-6_2",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Dybvig:1996:SPL,
  author =       "R. Kent Dybvig",
  title =        "The {SCHEME} Programming Language: {ANSI} Scheme",
  publisher =    pub-PH,
  address =      pub-PH:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xii + 248",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "0-13-454646-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-13-454646-9",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.S34 D93 1996",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 09 14:09:08 2002",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.scheme.com/tspl2d/",
  abstract =     "Scheme is a general purpose programming language
                 descended from Algol and Lisp. Because it is
                 conceptually clean and simple, it is an easy language
                 to learn. At the same time, it is a powerful language,
                 and full mastery of its power requires careful study
                 and practice. Scheme is widely used in computing
                 education and research, as well as for a broad spectrum
                 of industrial applications ranging from graphical user
                 interfaces and language compilers to virtual reality
                 engines, web navigators, and enterprise computing
                 solutions. This revised edition of \booktitle{The
                 Scheme Programming Language} provides an introduction
                 to the language for readers with some programming
                 experience. Beginning with a gentle introduction for
                 novice Scheme programmers, it leads the reader through
                 a series of progressively more difficult examples that
                 introduce each of the major features of the language.
                 Advanced concepts and features are thoroughly covered
                 with examples and exercises appropriate even for more
                 experienced programmers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  libnote =      "Not yet in my library.",
  tableofcontents = "1: Introduction \\
                 Scheme Syntax \\
                 Scheme Naming Conventions \\
                 Typographical and Notational Conventions \\
                 2: \\
                 Getting Started \\
                 Interacting with Scheme \\
                 Simple Expressions \\
                 Evaluating Scheme Expressions \\
                 Variables and Let Expressions \\
                 Lambda Expressions \\
                 Top-Level Definitions \\
                 Conditional Expressions \\
                 Simple Recursion \\
                 Assignment \\
                 3: \\
                 Going Further \\
                 Syntactic Extension \\
                 More Recursion \\
                 Continuations \\
                 Continuation Passing Style \\
                 Internal Definitions \\
                 4: \\
                 Variable Binding \\
                 Variable References \\
                 Lambda \\
                 Local Binding \\
                 Variable Definitions \\
                 Assignment \\
                 5: \\
                 Control Operations \\
                 Constants and Quotation \\
                 Procedure Application \\
                 Sequencing \\
                 Conditionals \\
                 Recursion, Iteration, and Mapping \\
                 Continuations \\
                 Delayed Evaluation \\
                 Multiple \\
                 Values \\
                 Eval \\
                 6: \\
                 Operations on Objects \\
                 Generic Equivalence and Type Predicates \\
                 Lists and Pairs \\
                 Numbers \\
                 Characters \\
                 Strings \\
                 Vectors \\
                 Symbols \\
                 7: \\
                 Input and Output \\
                 Input Operations \\
                 Output Operations \\
                 Loading Programs \\
                 Transcript Files \\
                 8: \\
                 Syntactic Extension \\
                 Keyword Bindings \\
                 Syntax-Rules Transformers \\
                 Syntax-Case Transformers \\
                 Examples \\
                 9: \\
                 Extended Examples \\
                 Matrix and Vector Multiplication \\
                 List Sorting \\
                 A Set Constructor \\
                 Word Frequency Counting \\
                 Scheme Printer \\
                 Formatted Output \\
                 A Meta-Circular Interpreter for Scheme \\
                 Defining Abstract Objects \\
                 Fast Fourier Transform \\
                 A Unification Algorithm \\
                 Multitasking with Engines \\
                 Bibliography \\
                 Formal Syntax of Scheme \\
                 Summary of Forms \\
                 Index",
}

@Article{Koster:1996:MA,
  author =       "C. H. A. Koster",
  title =        "The Making of {Algol 68}",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "1181",
  pages =        "55--??",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 22 11:59:49 MDT 1997",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs1996b.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{OHearn:1996:NAC,
  author =       "Peter W. O'Hearn",
  title =        "Note on {Algol} and conservatively extending
                 functional programming",
  journal =      j-J-FUNCT-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "171--180",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "JFPRES",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956796800001611",
  ISSN =         "0956-7968 (print), 1469-7653 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0956-7968",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jul 11 18:02:03 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jfunctprogram.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/050F6652EB31D730ECC20A16E5B0E8EE",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Funct. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of Functional Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=JFP",
  onlinedate =   "07 November 2008",
}

@TechReport{Reynolds:1996:DPL,
  author =       "John C. Reynolds",
  title =        "Design of the Programming Language {Forsythe}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "CMU-CS-96-146 (AD-A311094)",
  institution =  "School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
                 University",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA",
  pages =        "ii + 68",
  day =          "28",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1996",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 15 07:15:54 2025",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/forsythe-george-elmer.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Reprinted in \booktitle{Algol-like Languages}, edited
                 by P. O'Hearn and R. D. Tennent, Birkh{\"a}user,
                 1996.",
  URL =          "https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA311094.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algol 60; Algol-like languages; Forsythe; intersection
                 types",
  pdfpages =     "73",
  remark =       "This document supersedes Report CMU-CS-88-159,
                 \booktitle{Preliminary Design of the Programming
                 Language Forsythe}. From page 1: ``The language is
                 named after George E. Forsythe, founding chairman of
                 the Computer Science Department at Stanford University.
                 Among his many accomplishments, he played a major role
                 in familiarizing American computer scientists
                 (including the author) with Algol.''",
}

@Article{Sieber:1996:FAS,
  author =       "Kurt Sieber",
  title =        "Full abstraction for the second order subset of an
                 {ALGOL}-like language",
  journal =      j-THEOR-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "168",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "155--212",
  day =          "10",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "TCSCDI",
  ISSN =         "0304-3975 (print), 1879-2294 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0304-3975",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jul 19 22:20:22 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "http://www.elsevier.com/cgi-bin/cas/tree/store/tcs/cas_free/browse/browse.cgi?year=1996&volume=168&issue=1;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tcs1995.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.elsevier.com/cgi-bin/cas/tree/store/tcs/cas_sub/browse/browse.cgi?year=1996&volume=168&issue=1&aid=2268",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "C4210L (Formal languages and computational
                 linguistics); C6120 (File organisation); C6140D (High
                 level languages)",
  conflocation = "Kosice, Slovakia; 22-26 Aug. 1994",
  conftitle =    "19th International Symposium on Mathematical
                 Foundations of Computer Science, MFCS '94",
  corpsource =   "Fachbereich Inf., Saarlandes Univ., Saarbrucken,
                 Germany",
  fjournal =     "Theoretical Computer Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03043975/",
  keywords =     "ALG; ALGOL-like language; algorithmic languages; block
                 structured language; data structures; denotational
                 model; denotational semantics; full abstraction; fully
                 abstract model; functional language PCF; high level
                 languages; local variables; relation preserving locally
                 continuous functions; relationally structured locally
                 complete partial orders; second order subset; test
                 equivalences",
  pubcountry =   "Netherlands",
  sponsororg =   "VSZ Inf.; SOFTEC",
  treatment =    "P Practical",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1997:VCV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus [{Centrum voor Wiskunde en
                 Informatica}] 1997: rekenen op het toeval. ({Dutch})
                 [{Holiday} course [{Center for Mathematics and Computer
                 Science}] 1997: counting on chance]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@InCollection{Mahoney:1997:CSS,
  author =       "Michael S. Mahoney",
  title =        "Computer Science: the Search for a Mathematical
                 Theory",
  crossref =     "Krige:1997:STC",
  chapter =      "31",
  pages =        "617--634",
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 06:35:20 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InCollection{Naur:1997:RRA,
  author =       "Peter Naur and J. W. Backus and F. L. Bauer and J.
                 Green and C. Kafz and J. McCarthy and A. J. Perlis and
                 H. Rutishauser and K. Samelson and B. Vauquois and J.
                 H. Wegstein and A. van Wijngaarden and M. Woodger",
  booktitle =    "{Algol}-like Languages",
  title =        "Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language {Algol
                 60}",
  publisher =    pub-BIRKHAUSER-BOSTON,
  address =      pub-BIRKHAUSER-BOSTON:adr,
  pages =        "19--49",
  year =         "1997",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4118-8_2",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 21 10:14:15 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/backus-john-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/perlis-alan-j.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980)",
  subject-dates = "Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10 November
                 1970)",
}

@Book{OHearn:1997:ALL,
  editor =       "Peter W. (Peter William) O'Hearn and R. D. Tennent",
  title =        "{ALGOL}-like languages",
  publisher =    pub-BIRKHAUSER,
  address =      pub-BIRKHAUSER:adr,
  year =         "1997",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4118-8",
  ISBN =         "0-8176-3880-6 (vol. 1), 0-8176-3937-3 (vol. 2),
                 0-8176-3936-5 (set), 3-7643-3880-6, 3-7643-3936-5,
                 3-7643-3937-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8176-3880-1 (vol. 1), 978-0-8176-3937-2 (vol.
                 2), 978-0-8176-3936-5 (set), 978-3-7643-3880-0,
                 978-3-7643-3936-4, 978-3-7643-3937-1",
  LCCN =         "QA76.73.A24 A413 1997",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:05 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "Progress in theoretical computer science",
  abstract =     "In recent years there has been a remarkable
                 convergence of interest in programming languages based
                 on ALGOL 60. Researchers interested in the theory of
                 procedural and object-oriented languages discovered
                 that ALGOL 60 shows how to add procedures and object
                 classes to simple imperative languages in a general and
                 clean way. And, on the other hand, researchers
                 interested in purely functional languages discovered
                 that ALGOL 60 shows how to add imperative mechanisms to
                 functional languages in a way that does not compromise
                 their desirable properties. Unfortunately, many of the
                 key works in this field have been rather hard to
                 obtain. The primary purpose of this collection is to
                 make the most significant material on ALGoL-like
                 languages conveniently available to graduate students
                 and researchers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "ALGOL (Computer program language); Programming
                 languages (Electronic computers); ALGOL (Langage de
                 programmation); Programming languages (Electronic
                 computers); ALGOL (Computer program language); ALGOL
                 (programmeertaal)",
  tableofcontents = "Volume 1: Revised report on the algorithmic
                 language ALGOL 60 / Peter Naur [and others] \\
                 The varieties of programming language / Christopher
                 Strachey \\
                 The essence of ALGOL / John C. Reynolds \\
                 ALGOL and functional programming / Peter W. O'Hearn \\
                 Orthogonality of assignments and procedures in ALGOL /
                 Matthias Felleisen and Stephen Weeks \\
                 IDEALIZED ALGOL and its specification logic / John C.
                 Reynolds \\
                 Towards fully abstract semantics for local variables /
                 Albert R. Meyer and Kurt Sieber \\
                 Design of the program language FORSYTHE / John C.
                 Reynolds \\
                 Assignments for applicative languages / Vipin Swarup,
                 Uday S. Reddy, and Evan Ireland \\
                 Syntactic control of interference / John C. Reynolds
                 \\
                 Volume 2: Functor categories and store shapes / Frank
                 J. Oles \\
                 Using functor categories to generate intermediate code
                 / John C. Reynolds \\
                 Semantical analysis of specification logic / Robert D.
                 Tennent \\
                 Semantical analysis of specification logic, 2 / Peter
                 W. O'Hearn and Robert D. Tennent \\
                 Full abstraction for the second-order subset / Kurt
                 Sieber \\
                 Parametricity and local variables / Peter W. O'Hearn
                 and Robert D. Tennet \\
                 Operationally-based reasoning about local variables /
                 Andrew M. Pitts \\
                 Syntactic control of interference revisited / Peter W.
                 O'Hearn [and others] \\
                 Global state considered unnecessary / Uday S. Reddy \\
                 Linearity, sharing and state / Samson Abramsky and Guy
                 McCusker \\
                 The essence of PARALLEL ALGOL / Stephen Brookes",
}

@Article{Pescio:1997:FWN,
  author =       "Carlo Pescio",
  title =        "A Few Words with {Niklaus Wirth}",
  journal =      "Software Development",
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1997",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 03 08:59:32 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://pascal.hansotten.com/uploads/wirth/interview%20wirth%20June%201997%20carlio%20pescio.txt",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark-1 =     "NW: ``I've always designed a language because I had a
                 practical need that was not satisfied by languages that
                 where already available. For example, Modula and Oberon
                 were by-products of the designs of the workstations
                 Lilith (1979) and Ceres (1986).''",
  remark-2 =     "NW: ``Edsger Dijkstra called Software Engineering
                 `Programming in spite of the fact that you can't'.''",
  remark-3 =     "NW: ``Many people tend to look at programming styles
                 and languages like religions: if you belong to one, you
                 cannot belong to others. But this analogy is another
                 fallacy. ''",
  remark-4 =     "NW: ``Static modularization is the first step towards
                 OOP. It is much easier to understand and master than
                 full OOP, it's sufficient in most cases for writing
                 good software, and is sadly neglected in most common
                 languages (with the exception of Ada).''",
  remark-5 =     "NW: ``If the definition of a language requires fat
                 manuals of hundred pages and more, and if the
                 definition refers to a mechanical model of execution
                 (i.e., to a computer), this must be taken as a sure
                 symptom of inadequacy. But alas, in this respect, 1960
                 Algol was far ahead of most of its successors, in
                 particular of all those that are so popular today.''",
  remark-6 =     "NW: ``Work under constant time pressure, however,
                 results in unsatisfactory, faulty products.''",
  remark-7 =     "NW: ``Keeping a language as simple and as regular as
                 possible has always been a guideline in my work; the
                 description of Pascal took some 50 pages, that of
                 Modula 40, and Oberon's a mere 16 pages.''",
  subject-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
}

@Article{Abramsky:1998:LSS,
  author =       "S. Abramsky and G. McCusker",
  title =        "Linearity, sharing and state: a fully abstract game
                 semantics for idealized {Algol} with active
                 expressions",
  journal =      j-THEOR-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "197",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "241--??",
  day =          "15",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "TCSCDI",
  ISSN =         "0304-3975 (print), 1879-2294 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0304-3975",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 27 07:21:35 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tcs1995.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "B0240E (Game theory); C1140E (Game theory); C4210
                 (Formal logic); C6140D (High level languages)",
  conflocation = "Tokyo, Japan; 28 March-2 April 1996",
  conftitle =    "Linear Logic '96 (papers in summary form only
                 received)",
  fjournal =     "Theoretical Computer Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03043975/",
  keywords =     "active expressions; ALGOL; classical imperative
                 languages; formal logic; formal measure; full
                 abstraction theorem; fully abstract game semantics;
                 game theory; idealized Algol; linearity; program
                 variables; sharing; state",
  pubcountry =   "Netherlands",
  treatment =    "A Application; P Practical",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1998:VCV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus [{Centrum voor Wiskunde en
                 Informatica}] 1998: Meetkunde, oud en nieuw. ({Dutch})
                 [{Holiday} course [{Center for Mathematics and Computer
                 Science}] 1998: Geometry, old and new]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1998",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Article{Hamlet:1998:WCW,
  author =       "Dick Hamlet",
  title =        "What can we learn by testing a program?",
  journal =      j-SIGSOFT,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "50--52",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "SFENDP",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/271775.271788",
  ISSN =         "0163-5948 (print), 1943-5843 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5948",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 1 17:13:34 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigsoft1990.bib",
  abstract =     "It is conventional to start research papers on
                 software engineering, particularly on testing and
                 software quality, with a statement of how important
                 software has become in the world, and the potential
                 dangers of using it when those who construct it really
                 don't know what they are doing. The author then goes on
                 to show that his or her theory/method/insights/tools
                 will make the world safe (or safer, if the author is
                 modest) by providing the understanding that is lacking.
                 ISSTA authors (I among them) have started many of their
                 papers in just this way, but speaking for myself, these
                 statements are window dressing --- they disguise my
                 real concern. Long before software was any part of the
                 workaday world, before there was any ``software
                 problem'' or even much software, I was interested in
                 program analysis because programs are arguably the most
                 intriguing mathematical objects people create. I have
                 happily pursued the study of programs for over 30
                 years. I wrote my first program (in ALGOL 58) in 1962
                 --- it failed to properly calculate a table of values
                 of the error integral, being somewhat off in the third
                 significant figure. (I remember the failure, and the
                 debugging, poring over a decimal memory dump. But I
                 can't recall the fault.) It took me until the mid-1960s
                 to recognize that programs per se were much more
                 interesting than their applications: I stumbled on
                 Maurice Halstead's book [4] on self-compiling NELIAC
                 compilers. Here was magical stuff: the master program
                 defining a language, and itself written in that
                 language! In my application to the University of
                 Washington, I explained that I wanted to study
                 computers ``for themselves, not as they are used.''
                 Paul Klee, the topologist who was saddled with the task
                 of replying to mathematics grad students that year,
                 wrote back to assure me that ``we've got a computer
                 around here somewhere, and by the time you arrive I'm
                 sure I can locate it.'' It was an IBM 7090, complete
                 with IBSYS and FORTRAN, and who could have asked for
                 software more in need of analysis? There were standards
                 of respectability for a PhD dissertation even in those
                 days, so I took up recursive function theory and the
                 program-equivalence problem. Its application to testing
                 is that we would like to know if the program under test
                 differs from its functional specification --- that is,
                 can it fail? Any understanding of programs through
                 testing (a mechanical process) must come up against the
                 program-equivalence problem: we cannot hope to gain
                 full understanding, because to do so would be to solve
                 the unsolvable problem. My dissertation was an
                 exploration of the additional information (beyond the
                 purely functional) needed to make the
                 program-equivalence problem solvable [5]. What brought
                 me to the first ISSTA in 1978 was Bill Howden's 1976
                 paper ``Reliability of the path analysis strategy''
                 [6].",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=J728",
}

@Article{Abramsky:1999:FAI,
  author =       "Samson Abramsky and Guy McCusker",
  title =        "Full abstraction for {Idealized Algol} with passive
                 expressions",
  journal =      j-THEOR-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "227",
  number =       "1--2",
  pages =        "3--42",
  day =          "28",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "TCSCDI",
  ISSN =         "0304-3975 (print), 1879-2294 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0304-3975",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 31 11:37:46 MST 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.elsevier.com/locate/issn/03043975;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tcs1995.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.elsevier.nl/gej-ng/10/41/16/151/17/17/abstract.html;
                 http://www.elsevier.nl/gej-ng/10/41/16/151/17/17/article.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Theoretical Computer Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03043975/",
}

@Book{Anonymous:1999:VCV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus [{Centrum voor Wiskunde en
                 Informatica}] 1999: onbewezen vermoedens. ({Dutch})
                 [{Holiday} course [{Center for Mathematics and Computer
                 Science}] 1999: unproven suspicions]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1999",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Article{Roeckl:1999:CPS,
  author =       "C. Roeckl and D. Sangiorgi",
  title =        "A $ \lambda $-calculus Process Semantics of Concurrent
                 Idealised {ALGOL}",
  journal =      j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "1578",
  pages =        "306--321",
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "LNCSD9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 14 06:09:05 MDT 1999",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cryptography1990.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/lncs1999a.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
  keywords =     "computation structures; ETAPS; FOSSACS; software
                 science",
  xxnote =       "Check math in title??",
}

@Article{Thielecke:1999:CFJ,
  author =       "Hayo Thielecke",
  title =        "Continuations, Functions and Jumps",
  journal =      j-SIGACT,
  volume =       "30",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "33--42",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "SIGNDM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/568547.568561",
  ISSN =         "0163-5700 (print), 1943-5827 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0163-5700",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 21 09:45:57 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/mirrors/ftp.ira.uka.de/bibliography/SE/logic.program.construction.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigact.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~hxt/research/Logiccolumn8.ps",
  abstract =     "Practically all programming languages have some form
                 of control structure or jumping. The more advanced
                 forms of control structure tend to resemble function
                 calls, so much so that they are usually not even
                 described as jumps. Consider for example the library
                 function exit in C. Its use is much like a function, in
                 that it may be called with an argument; but the whole
                 point of exit is of course that its behaviour is
                 utterly non-functional, in that it jumps out of
                 arbitrarily many surrounding blocks and pending
                 function calls. Such a `non-returning function' or
                 `jump with arguments' is an example of a continuation
                 in the sense which we are interested in here. On the
                 other hand, a simple but fundamental idea in compiling
                 is that a function call is broken down into two jumps:
                 one from the caller to the callee for the call itself,
                 and another jump back from the callee to the caller
                 upon returning. (The return statement in C is in fact
                 listed among the `jump statements' [5].) This is most
                 obvious for void-accepting and -returning functions,
                 but it generalizes to other functions as well, if one
                 is willing to understand `jump' in the broader sense of
                 jump with arguments, i.e. continuation. In this view,
                 then, continuations are everywhere. Continuations have
                 been used in many different settings, in which they
                 appear in different guises, ranging from mathematical
                 functions to machine addresses. Rather than confine
                 ourselves to a definition of what a continuation is, we
                 will focus on continuation-passing style (CPS), as it
                 brings out the commonalities. The CPS transform
                 compresses a great deal of insight into three little
                 equations in \lambda -calculus. Making sense of it
                 intuitively, however, requires some background
                 knowledge and a certain fluency. The purpose of this
                 article, therefore, is to help the reader uncompress
                 the CPS transform by way of a rational reconstruction
                 from jumps. In the sequel, we will attempt to
                 illustrate the correspondence between continuations and
                 jumps (even in the guise of the abhorred goto). The
                 intent is partly historical, to retrace some of the
                 analysis of jumps that led to the discoveries of
                 continuations. At the same time, the language of choice
                 for many researchers during the (pre)history of
                 continuations, ALGOL 60, is not so different from
                 today's mainstream languages (i.e. C); we hope that
                 occasional snippets of C may be more easily accessible
                 to many readers than a functional language would be. So
                 in each of the four sections (Sections 2--5 below) that
                 make up the body of this paper, some C code will be
                 used to give a naive but concrete example of the issue
                 under consideration, before generalizing to a more
                 abstract setting.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGACT News",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigact",
}

@Book{Dzhaparidze:2000:IOP,
  author =       "Kacha Dzhaparidze",
  title =        "Introduction to option pricing in a securities
                 market",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2000",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{OHearn:2000:APL,
  author =       "Peter W. O'Hearn and John C. Reynolds",
  title =        "From {Algol} to polymorphic linear Lambda-calculus",
  journal =      j-J-ACM,
  volume =       "47",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "167--223",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "JACOAH",
  ISSN =         "0004-5411 (print), 1557-735X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0004-5411",
  bibdate =      "Fri Apr 28 17:49:18 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/jacm.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/jacm/2000-47-1/p167-o_hearn/",
  abstract =     "In a linearly-typed functional language, one can
                 define functions that consume their arguments in the
                 process of computing their results. This is reminiscent
                 of state transformations in imperative languages, where
                 execution of an assignment statement alters the
                 contents of the store. We explore this connection by
                 translating two variations on Algol 60 into a purely
                 functional language with polymorphic linear types. On
                 the one hand, the translations lead to a semantic
                 analysis of Algol-like programs, in terms of a model of
                 the linear language. On the other hand, they
                 demonstrate that a linearly-typed functional language
                 can be at least as expressive as Algol.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "J. Assoc. Comput. Mach.",
  fjournal =     "Journal of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/jacm",
  keywords =     "linear logic; local state; logical relations;
                 parametric polymorphism",
  subject =      "Software --- Programming Languages --- Formal
                 Definitions and Theory (D.3.1): Semantics; Theory of
                 Computation --- Logics and Meanings of Programs ---
                 Semantics of Programming Languages (F.3.2):
                 Denotational semantics; General Terms: Languages,
                 Theory",
}

@Article{Plauger:2000:JAV,
  author =       "P. J. Plauger",
  title =        "Just Another Version of {Algol}",
  journal =      j-CCCUJ,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2000",
  CODEN =        "CCUJEX",
  ISSN =         "1075-2838",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 14 18:09:24 MDT 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.cuj.com/articles/2000/0001/0001toc.htm?topic=articles;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cccuj2000.bib",
  abstract =     "As Ecclesiastes loved to remind us, there is nothing
                 new under the sun.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:2001:VCV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus [{Centrum voor Wiskunde en
                 Informatica}] 2001: Experimentele wiskunde. ({Dutch})
                 [{Holiday} course [{Center for Mathematics and Computer
                 Science}] 2001: Experimental mathematics]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2001",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Book{Lohr:2001:GSM,
  author =       "Steve Lohr",
  title =        "Go to: the story of the math majors, bridge players,
                 engineers, chess wizards, maverick scientists, and
                 iconoclasts, the programmers who created the software
                 revolution",
  publisher =    pub-BASIC-BOOKS,
  address =      pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr,
  pages =        "263",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "0-465-04225-2, 0-7867-3076-5 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-465-04226-5, 978-0-7867-3076-6 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6 .L62 2001eb",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:30 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran3;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
  URL =          "http://books.google.com/books?isbn=0465042252;
                 http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0917/2001275993-d.html;
                 http://site.ebrary.com/id/10626602",
  abstract =     "Traces the scientific research, technological
                 innovations, and personalities who created the software
                 revolution and explores the impact of these
                 accomplishments on the development of computers and
                 programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computer programming; Computer programmers; Software
                 engineering; Computer software; Development;
                 Programmation (Informatique); Programmeurs; G{\'e}nie
                 logiciel; computer programming.; computer programmers.;
                 Computer programmers; Computer programming;
                 Development; Software engineering; Internet (impactos
                 sociais)",
  tableofcontents = "1: Introduction: the rise of software and the
                 programming art \\
                 2: FORTRAN: the early ``turning point'' \\
                 3: The hard lessons of the sixties: from exuberance to
                 the realities of COBOL and the IBM 360 project \\
                 4: Breaking big iron's grip: Unix and C \\
                 5: Programming for the millions: the BASIC story from
                 Dartmouth to Visual Basic \\
                 6: The European influence: from Algol to Pascal to C++
                 \\
                 7: A computer of my own: the beginning of the PC
                 industry and the story of Word \\
                 8: Computing for the masses: the long road to ``Gooey''
                 and the Macintosh \\
                 9: Programming for everyman: just let the users do it
                 \\
                 10: Java: the messy birth of a new language \\
                 11: There has to be a better way: Apache and the Open
                 Source Movement",
}

@InProceedings{Bauer:2002:SPA,
  author =       "Friedrich L. Bauer",
  title =        "From the stack principle to {Algol}",
  crossref =     "Broy:2002:SPC",
  pages =        "26--42",
  year =         "2002",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59412-0_3",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 14:27:59 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015)",
}

@Article{Clark:2002:IFA,
  author =       "David Clark and Chris Hankin and Sebastian Hunt",
  title =        "Information flow for {Algol}-like languages",
  journal =      j-COMP-LANGS-SYS-STRUCT,
  volume =       "28",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--28",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "????",
  ISSN =         "1477-8424 (print), 1873-6866 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1477-8424",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jan 27 12:57:17 MST 2004",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/complngs.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/14778424",
}

@Article{Markoff:2002:EDP,
  author =       "John Markoff",
  title =        "{Edsger Dijkstra}, 72, Physicist Who Shaped Computer
                 Era, Dies",
  journal =      j-NY-TIMES,
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "??--??",
  day =          "10",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2002",
  CODEN =        "NYTIAO",
  ISSN =         "0362-4331 (print), 1542-667X, 1553-8095",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-4331",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 16 11:17:51 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/10/obituaries/10DIJK.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "New York Times",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.nytimes.com/",
  remark-1 =     "From the obituary: ``Dr. Dijkstra is best known for
                 his shortest-path algorithm, a method for finding the
                 most direct route on a graph or map, and for his work
                 as the co-designer of the first version of Algol 60, a
                 programming language that represented one of the first
                 compiler programs that translates human
                 instructions.''",
  remark-2 =     "From the obituary: ``When he married in 1957, the
                 Dutch marriage rites required that he state his
                 profession and he attempted to say he was a programmer.
                 The municipal authorities in Amsterdam did not accept
                 his answer on the ground that there was no such
                 profession. As a result, his marriage certificate
                 described his profession as `theoretical
                 physicist'.''",
  subject-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
}

@Book{Mountbatten:2002:PAM,
  author =       "Sian Mountbatten",
  title =        "Programming {Algol 68} Made Easy",
  publisher =    "Phoenix Engineering",
  address =      "????, Scotland",
  edition =      "Third revised",
  pages =        "xi + 339",
  year =         "2002",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 30 09:40:01 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://softwarepreservation.computerhistory.org/ALGOL/book/pame.2008.a4.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  pdfpages =     "349",
  remark =       "First edition published by Oxford \& Cambridge
                 Compilers Ltd in 1995. Second (revised) edition
                 published by Oxford \& Cambridge Compilers Ltd in
                 1997. Third edition published by Ph{\oe}nix Engineering
                 in 2000. Revised by Ph{\oe}nix Engineering in 2001,
                 2002.",
  tableofcontents = "1 Introduction / 1 \\
                 1.1 What you will need / 2 \\
                 1.2 Terminology / 2 \\
                 1.3 Values and modes / 2 \\
                 1.4 Integers / 3 \\
                 1.5 Identity declarations / 4 \\
                 1.6 Characters / 6 \\
                 1.7 Real numbers / 7 \\
                 1.8 Program structure / 9 \\
                 1.9 Comments / 11 \\
                 1.10 External values / 13 \\
                 1.11 Summary / 13 \\
                 2 Formul{\ae} / 15 \\
                 2.1 Monadic operators / 15 \\
                 2.2 Dyadic operators / 16 \\
                 2.3 Multiplication / 18 \\
                 2.4 Division / 19 \\
                 2.5 Exponentiation / 20 \\
                 2.6 Mixed arithmetic / 21 \\
                 2.7 Order of elaboration / 21 \\
                 2.8 Changing the mode / 22 \\
                 2.9 Miscellaneous operators / 23 \\
                 2.10 Operators using CHAR / 23 \\
                 2.11 print revisited / 23 \\
                 2.12 Summary / 24 \\
                 3 Repetition / 26 \\
                 3.1 Multiples / 27 \\
                 3.1.1 Row-displays / 28 \\
                 3.1.2 Dimensions / 29 \\
                 3.1.3 Subscripts and bounds / 30 \\
                 3.2 Slicing / 32 \\
                 3.3 Trimming / 33 \\
                 3.4 Printing multiples / 35 \\
                 3.5 Operators with multiples / 36 \\
                 3.6 Ranges / 37 \\
                 3.7 Program repetition / 37 \\
                 3.8 Nested loops / 39 \\
                 3.9 Program structure / 40 \\
                 3.10 The FORALL loop / 41 \\
                 3.11 Summary / 41 \\
                 4 Choice / 44 \\
                 4.1 Boolean values / 45 \\
                 4.2 Boolean operators / 45 \\
                 4.3 Relational operators / 46 \\
                 4.4 Compound Boolean formul{\ae} / 48 \\
                 4.5 Conditional clauses / 49 \\
                 4.5.1 Pseudo-operators / 52 \\
                 4.6 Multiple choice / 54 \\
                 4.7 Summary / 57 \\
                 5 Names / 59 \\
                 5.1 Assignment / 60 \\
                 5.1.1 Copying values / 63 \\
                 5.1.2 Assigning operators / 63 \\
                 5.2 Assignments in formul{\ae} / 65 \\
                 5.3 Multiple names / 66 \\
                 5.4 Assigning to multiple names / 67 \\
                 5.4.1 Individual assignment / 67 \\
                 5.4.2 Collective assignment / 68 \\
                 5.5 Flexible names / 71 \\
                 5.6 The mode STRING / 73 \\
                 5.7 Reference modes in transput / 74 \\
                 5.8 Dynamic names / 76 \\
                 5.9 Loops revisited / 77 \\
                 5.10 Abbreviated declarations / 78 \\
                 5.11 Summary / 80 \\
                 6 Routines / 81 \\
                 6.1 Routines / 81 \\
                 6.1.1 Routine modes / 83 \\
                 6.1.2 Multiples as parameters / 84 \\
                 6.1.3 Names as parameters / 84 \\
                 6.1.4 The mode VOID / 85 \\
                 6.1.5 Routines yielding names / 85 \\
                 6.1.6 Parameterless routines / 86 \\
                 6.2 Operators / 87 \\
                 6.2.1 Identification of operators / 88 \\
                 6.2.2 Operator usage / 91 \\
                 6.2.3 Dyadic operators / 92 \\
                 6.2.4 Operator symbols / 94 \\
                 6.3 Procedures / 94 \\
                 6.3.1 Parameterless procedures / 95 \\
                 6.3.2 Procedures with parameters / 98 \\
                 6.3.3 Procedures as parameters / 101 \\
                 6.3.4 Recursion / 102 \\
                 6.3.5 Standard procedures / 103 \\
                 6.3.6 Other features of procedures / 104 \\
                 6.4 Summary / 105 \\
                 7 Structures / 107 \\
                 7.1 Structure denotations / 107 \\
                 7.2 Field selection / 109 \\
                 7.3 Mode declarations / 111 \\
                 7.4 Complex numbers / 114 \\
                 7.5 Multiples in structures / 116 \\
                 7.6 Rows of structures / 119 \\
                 7.7 Transput of structures / 120 \\
                 7.8 Summary / 121 \\
                 8 Unions / 122 \\
                 8.1 United mode declarations / 122 \\
                 8.2 United modes in procedures / 124 \\
                 8.3 Conformity clauses / 126 \\
                 8.4 Summary / 128 \\
                 9 Transput / 129 \\
                 9.1 Books, channels and files / 129 \\
                 9.2 Reading books / 130 \\
                 9.3 Writing to books / 133 \\
                 9.4 String terminators / 134 \\
                 9.5 Events / 135 \\
                 9.5.1 Logical file end / 135 \\
                 9.5.2 Physical file end / 137 \\
                 9.5.3 Value error / 137 \\
                 9.5.4 Char error / 137 \\
                 9.6 The command line / 139 \\
                 9.7 Environment strings / 140 \\
                 9.8 Writing reports / 142 \\
                 9.9 Binary books / 144 \\
                 9.10 Internal books / 146 \\
                 9.11 Other transput procedures / 147 \\
                 9.12 Summary / 147 \\
                 10 Units / 149 \\
                 10.1 Phrases / 149 \\
                 10.2 Contexts / 150 \\
                 10.3 Coercions / 151 \\
                 10.3.1 Deproceduring / 152 \\
                 10.3.2 Dereferencing / 153 \\
                 10.3.3 Weakly-dereferencing / 154 \\
                 10.3.4 Uniting / 154 \\
                 10.3.5 Widening / 154 \\
                 10.3.6 Rowing / 155 \\
                 10.3.7 Voiding / 156 \\
                 10.3.8 Legal coercions / 157 \\
                 10.4 Enclosed clauses / 158 \\
                 10.5 Primaries / 159 \\
                 10.6 Secondaries / 161 \\
                 10.7 Tertiaries / 163 \\
                 10.8 Quaternaries / 163 \\
                 10.9 Balancing / 165 \\
                 10.10 Well-formed modes / 167 \\
                 10.11 Flexible names / 170 \\
                 10.12 Orthogonality / 170 \\
                 10.13 Summary / 171 \\
                 11 Advanced constructs / 172 \\
                 11.1 Bits, bytes and words / 173 \\
                 11.1.1 Radix arithmetic / 173 \\
                 11.2 The mode BITS / 176 \\
                 11.3 Overlapping slices / 180 \\
                 11.4 Completers / 182 \\
                 11.5 References to names / 184 \\
                 11.6 Identity relations / 186 \\
                 11.7 The value NIL / 188 \\
                 11.8 Queues / 190 \\
                 11.9 The procedure add fan / 194 \\
                 11.10 More queue procedures / 196 \\
                 11.11 Trees / 198 \\
                 11.12 Parallel programming / 201 \\
                 11.13 Summary / 202 \\
                 12 Program development / 203 \\
                 12.1 Writing programs / 203 \\
                 12.1.1 Top-down analysis / 204 \\
                 12.1.2 Program layout / 205 \\
                 12.1.3 Declarations / 206 \\
                 12.1.4 Procedures / 206 \\
                 12.1.5 Monetary values / 206 \\
                 12.1.6 Optimisation / 208 \\
                 12.1.7 Testing and debugging / 209 \\
                 12.1.8 Compilation errors / 210 \\
                 12.1.9 Arithmetic overflow / 212 \\
                 12.1.10 Documentation / 212 \\
                 12.2 Non-canonical input / 213 \\
                 12.3 A simple utility / 213 \\
                 12.3.1 The source code / 214 \\
                 12.3.2 Routines / 215 \\
                 12.3.3 Dry-running example / 216 \\
                 12.3.4 ALIEN procedures / 217 \\
                 12.4 Summary / 219 \\
                 13 Standard Prelude / 220 \\
                 13.1 Standard modes / 221 \\
                 13.2 Environment enquiries / 222 \\
                 13.2.1 Arithmetic enquiries / 222 \\
                 13.2.2 Character set enquiries / 226 \\
                 13.3 Standard operators / 227 \\
                 13.3.1 Method of description / 227 \\
                 13.3.2 Standard priorities / 227 \\
                 13.3.3 Operators with row operands / 228 \\
                 13.3.4 Operators with BOOL operands / 228 \\
                 13.3.5 Operators with INT operands / 229 \\
                 13.3.6 Operators with REAL operands / 230 \\
                 13.3.7 Operators with COMPL operands / 232 \\
                 13.3.8 Operators with mixed operands / 233 \\
                 13.3.9 Operators with BITS operands / 234 \\
                 13.3.10 Operators with CHAR operands / 235 \\
                 13.3.11 Operators with STRING operands / 235 \\
                 13.3.12 Assigning operators / 236 \\
                 13.3.13 Other operators / 238 \\
                 13.4 Standard procedures / 239 \\
                 13.4.1 Mathematical procedures / 239 \\
                 13.4.2 Other procedures / 240 \\
                 13.4.3 ALIEN declarations / 240 \\
                 13.4.4 ALIEN routines / 241 \\
                 13.5 a68toc extensions / 244 \\
                 13.5.1 Modes peculiar to a68toc / 244 \\
                 13.5.2 a68toc constructs / 245 \\
                 13.5.3 Operators / 246 \\
                 13.6 Control routines / 249 \\
                 13.6.1 Floating-point unit control / 249 \\
                 13.6.2 Terminating a process / 250 \\
                 13.6.3 Garbage-collector control / 251 \\
                 13.7 Transput / 252 \\
                 13.7.1 Transput modes / 253 \\
                 13.7.2 Standard channels / 253 \\
                 13.7.3 Standard files / 259 \\
                 13.7.4 Opening files / 259 \\
                 13.7.5 Closing files / 261 \\
                 13.7.6 Transput routines / 261 \\
                 13.7.7 Interrogating files / 265 \\
                 13.7.8 File properties / 265 \\
                 13.7.9 Event routines / 266 \\
                 13.7.10 Conversion routines / 267 \\
                 13.7.11 Layout routines / 269 \\
                 13.8 Summary / 269 \\
                 A Answers / 270 \\
                 A.1 Chapter 1 / 270 \\
                 A.2 Chapter 2 / 272 \\
                 A.3 Chapter 3 / 274 \\
                 A.4 Chapter 4 / 279 \\
                 A.5 Chapter 5 / 281 \\
                 A.6 Chapter 6 / 288 \\
                 A.7 Chapter 7 / 292 \\
                 A.8 Chapter 8 / 294 \\
                 A.9 Chapter 9 / 296 \\
                 A.10 Chapter 10 / 315 \\
                 A.11 Chapter 11 / 317 \\
                 Bibliography / 327",
}

@InProceedings{Ong:2002:OEO,
  author =       "C.-H. L. Ong",
  title =        "Observational equivalence of 3rd-order {Idealized
                 Algol} is decidable",
  crossref =     "Plotkin:2002:PAI",
  pages =        "245--256",
  year =         "2002",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS.2002.1029833",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 14:51:26 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Algorithm design and analysis; Application software;
                 Automata; Character recognition; Computer applications;
                 Computer languages; Concrete; Data security; Hardware;
                 Laboratories",
}

@Misc{Randell:2002:ASE,
  author =       "Brian Randell",
  title =        "From {Algol 60} to Software Engineering",
  howpublished = "Talk at Dijkstra Tribute, Sun Microsystems, London,
                 UK.",
  pages =        "??",
  day =          "14",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2002",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 18 14:56:23 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Brian Randell and Lawford Russell wrote the {\em
                 second\/} successful Algol 60, benefitting from many
                 discussions with Edsger Dijkstra, who co-wrote the
                 first one.",
  subject-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
}

@TechReport{Ritchie:2002:FLL,
  author =       "Dennis M. Ritchie",
  title =        "Five Little Languages and How They Grew: Talk at
                 {HOPL}",
  type =         "Report",
  number =       "??",
  institution =  "Bell Laboratories",
  address =      "Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA",
  pages =        "??",
  day =          "19",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2002",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 07 15:47:45 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
  note =         "This talk was presented at the Second History of
                 Programming Languages conference, Cambridge, Mass.,
                 April, 1993.",
  URL =          "https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/hopl.html",
  abstract =     "A paper on the development of C was presented at the
                 second ACM History of Programming Languages conference
                 in Cambridge, Mass. in 1993. It was printed in History
                 of Programming Languages, ed. T. Bergin and R. Gibson,
                 ACM Press and Addison-Wesley, New York 1996, ISBN
                 0-201-89502-1. The paper itself has been available for
                 some time; here I record the transcript of the talk I
                 gave at the time. Unlike the paper, it doesn't talk
                 about C's history, but instead concentrates on its
                 relationships with other contemporary languages that
                 are at heart similar to C but have some characteristic
                 differences.\par

                 Although I have the introductory remarks by the session
                 chair, Brent Hailpern, and also the transcript of the
                 Q\&A session that followed, I've omitted these parts.
                 I'll leave the parts others said for the book (which I
                 recommend).\par

                 The transcript below is quite close to what I intended
                 to say according to my notes, though there were some
                 on-the-fly additions (especially in the opening --- not
                 surprisingly, there were more than a few barbs
                 thrown).\par

                 In cooperation with the volume's editors, particularly
                 Tim Bergin (to whom great thanks are due), my own
                 language glitches have been cleaned up well, but it
                 still retains some informality, as well as showing some
                 of the time pressure on the presentation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Dennis M. Ritchie (9 September 1941--12 October
                 2011)",
  keywords =     "Algol 68; BCPL; Bliss; C; Pascal",
}

@Book{Sebesta:2002:CPL,
  author =       "Robert W. Sebesta",
  title =        "Concepts of Programming Languages",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  edition =      "Fifth",
  pages =        "xiii + 698",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "0-201-75295-6, 0-321-17645-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-75295-3, 978-0-321-17645-5",
  LCCN =         "QA76.7 .S43 2002",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 13:51:36 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran3.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Programming languages (Electronic computers); Langages
                 de programmation; Programming languages (Electronic
                 computers); Programmiersprache",
  tableofcontents = "1.1: Reasons for Studying Concepts of Programming
                 Languages / 2 \\
                 1.2: Programming Domains / 5 \\
                 1.3: Language Evaluation Criteria / 8 \\
                 1.4: Influences on Language Design / 20 \\
                 1.5: Language Categories / 23 \\
                 1.6: Language Design Trade-Offs / 24 \\
                 1.7: Implementation Methods / 25 \\
                 1.8: Programming Environments / 31 \\
                 \\
                 2: Evolution of the Major Programming Languages / 37
                 \\
                 2.1: Zuse's Plankalk{\"u}l / 38 \\
                 2.2: Minimal Hardware Programming: Pseudocodes / 41 \\
                 2.3: IBM 704 and FORTRAN / 44 \\
                 2.4: Functional Programming: Lisp / 49 \\
                 2.5: First Step Toward Sophistication: ALGOL 60 / 55
                 \\
                 2.6: Computerizing Business Records: COBOL / 61 \\
                 2.7: Beginnings of Timesharing: BASIC / 66 \\
                 2.8: Everything for Everybody: PL/I / 68 \\
                 2.9: Two Early Dynamic Languages: APL and SNOBOL 73 \\
                 2.10: Beginnings of Data Abstraction: SIMULA 67 / 74
                 \\
                 2.11: Orthogonal Design: ALGOL 68 / 75 \\
                 2.12: Some Important Descendants of the ALGOLs / 77 \\
                 2.13: Programming Based on Logic: Prolog / 84 \\
                 2.14: History's Largest Design Effort: Ada / 85 \\
                 2.15: Object-Oriented Programming: Smalltalk / 91 \\
                 2.16: Combining Imperative and Object-Oriented
                 Features: C++ / 94 \\
                 2.17: Programming the World Wide Web: Java / 97 \\
                 \\
                 3: Describing Syntax and Semantics / 105 \\
                 3.2: General Problem of Describing Syntax / 107 \\
                 3.3: Formal Methods of Describing Syntax / 109 \\
                 3.4: Attribute Grammars / 123 \\
                 3.5: Describing the Meanings of Programs: Dynamic
                 Semantics / 129 \\
                 \\
                 4: Lexical and Syntax Analysis / 153 \\
                 4.2: Lexical Analysis / 155 \\
                 4.3: Parsing Problem / 159 \\
                 4.4: Recursive-Descent Parsing / 162 \\
                 4.5: Bottom-Up Parsing / 167 \\
                 \\
                 5: Names, Bindings, Type Checking, and Scopes / 179 \\
                 5.2: Names / 181 \\
                 5.3: Variables / 183 \\
                 5.4: Concept of Binding / 186 \\
                 5.5: Type Checking / 193 \\
                 5.6: Strong Typing / 194 \\
                 5.7: Type Compatibility / 196 \\
                 5.9: Scope and Lifetime / 207 \\
                 5.10: Referencing Environments / 207 \\
                 5.11: Named Constants / 209 \\
                 5.12: Variable Initialization / 211 \\
                 \\
                 6: Data Types / 219 \\
                 6.2: Primitive Data Types / 221 \\
                 6.3: Character String Types / 225 \\
                 6.4: User-Defined Ordinal Types / 230 \\
                 6.5: Array Types / 234 \\
                 6.6: Associative Arrays / 246 \\
                 6.7: Record Types / 248 \\
                 6.8: Union Types / 252 \\
                 6.9: Set Types / 258 \\
                 6.10: Pointer Types / 260 \\
                 \\
                 7: Expressions and Assignment Statements 281 \\
                 7.2: Arithmetic Expressions / 283 \\
                 7.3: Overloaded Operators / 291 \\
                 7.4: Type Conversions / 293 \\
                 7.5: Relational and Boolean Expressions / 296 \\
                 7.6: Short-Circuit Evaluation / 298 \\
                 7.7: Assignment Statements / 300 \\
                 7.8: Mixed-Mode Assignment / 304 \\
                 \\
                 8: Statement-Level Control Structures / 309 \\
                 8.2: Compound Statements / 311 \\
                 8.3: Selection Statements / 312 \\
                 8.4: Iterative Statements / 324 \\
                 8.5: Unconditional Branching / 337 \\
                 8.6: Guarded Commands / 339 \\
                 \\
                 9: Subprograms / 349 \\
                 9.2: Fundamentals of Subprograms / 350 \\
                 9.3: Design Issues for Subprograms / 356 \\
                 9.4: Local Referencing Environments / 357 \\
                 9.5: Parameter-Passing Methods / 358 \\
                 9.6: Parameters That Are Subprogram Names / 377 \\
                 9.7: Overloaded Subprograms / 380 \\
                 9.8: Generic Subprograms / 381 \\
                 9.9: Separate and Independent Compilation / 385 \\
                 9.10: Design Issues for Functions / 387 \\
                 9.11: Accessing Nonlocal Environments / 388 \\
                 9.12: User-Defined Overloaded Operators / 390 \\
                 9.13: Coroutines / 391 \\
                 \\
                 10: Implementing Subprograms / 399 \\
                 10.1: General Semantics of Calls and Returns / 400 \\
                 10.2: Implementing FORTRAN 77 Subprograms / 401 \\
                 10.3: Implementing Subprograms in ALGOL-like Languages
                 / 403 \\
                 10.4: Blocks / 421 \\
                 10.5: Implementing Dynamic Scoping / 422 \\
                 10.6: Implementing Parameters That Are Subprogram Names
                 / 426 \\
                 \\
                 11: Abstract Data Types / 433 \\
                 11.1: Concept of Abstraction / 434 \\
                 11.2: Encapsulation / 435 \\
                 11.3: Introduction to Data Abstraction / 436 \\
                 11.4: Design Issues / 439 \\
                 11.5: Language Examples9 / 440 \\
                 11.6: Parameterized Abstract Data Types / 450 \\
                 \\
                 12: Support for Object-Oriented Programming / 457 \\
                 12.2: Object-Oriented Programming / 458 \\
                 12.3: Design Issues for Object-Oriented Languages 463
                 \\
                 12.4: Overview of Smalltalk / 468 \\
                 12.5: Introduction to the Smalltalk Language / 469 \\
                 12.6: Smalltalk Example Programs / 480 \\
                 12.7: Large-Scale Features of Smalltalk / 485 \\
                 12.8: Evaluation of Smalltalk / 487 \\
                 12.9: Support for Object-Oriented Programming in C++ /
                 488 \\
                 12.10: Support for Object-Oriented Programming in Java
                 / 496 \\
                 12.11: Support for Object-Oriented Programming in Ada
                 95 / 498 \\
                 12.12: Support for Object-Oriented Programming in
                 Eiffel / 502 \\
                 12.13: Object Model of JavaScript / 505 \\
                 12.14: Implementation of Object-Oriented Constructs /
                 508 \\
                 \\
                 13: Concurrency / 515 \\
                 13.2: Introduction to Subprogram-Level Concurrency 519
                 \\
                 13.3: Semaphores / 523 \\
                 13.4: Monitors / 528 \\
                 13.5: Message Passing / 533 \\
                 13.6: Concurrency in Ada 95 / 543 \\
                 13.7: Java Threads / 546 \\
                 13.8: Statement-Level Concurrency / 551 \\
                 \\
                 14: Exception Handling / 557 \\
                 14.1: Introduction to Exception Handling / 558 \\
                 14.2: Exception Handling in PL/I / 564 \\
                 14.3: Exception Handling in Ada / 569 \\
                 14.4: Exception Handling in C++ / 575 \\
                 14.5: Exception Handling in Java / 579 \\
                 \\
                 15: Functional Programming Languages / 591 \\
                 15.2: Mathematical Functions / 593 \\
                 15.3: Fundamentals of Functional Programming Languages
                 / 595 \\
                 15.4: First Functional Programming Language: Lisp 597
                 \\
                 15.5: An Introduction to Scheme / 600 \\
                 15.6: Common Lisp / 616 \\
                 15.7: ML / 618 \\
                 15.8: Haskell / 619 \\
                 15.9: Applications of Functional Language / 623 \\
                 15.10: A Comparison of Functional and Imperative
                 Languages / 624 \\
                 \\
                 16: Logic Programming Languages / 629 \\
                 16.2: A Brief Introduction to Predicate Calculus 630
                 \\
                 16.3: Predicate Calculus and Proving Theorems / 634 \\
                 16.4: An Overview of Logic Programming / 636 \\
                 16.5: Origins of Prolog / 638 \\
                 16.6: Basic Elements of Prolog / 638 \\
                 16.7: Deficiencies of Prolog / 652 \\
                 16.8: Applications of Logic Programming 658",
}

@Book{Anonymous:2003:VCV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus [{Centrum voor Wiskunde en
                 Informatica}] 2003: wiskunde in het dagelijks leven.
                 ({Dutch}) [{Holiday} course [{Center for Mathematics
                 and Computer Science}] 2003: mathematics in everyday
                 life]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2003",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Unpublished{Aretz:2003:DZAa,
  author =       "F. E. J. Kruseman Aretz",
  title =        "The {Dijkstra--Zonneveld} {ALGOL 60} compiler for the
                 {Electrologica X1}",
  number =       "N 0301",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2003",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Dummy note.",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Aretz:2003:DZAb,
  author =       "F. E. J. Kruseman Aretz",
  title =        "The {Dijkstra--Zonneveld} {ALGOL 60} compiler for the
                 {Electrologica X1} historical note {SEN, 2}",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2003",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Knuth:2003:SPC,
  author =       "Donald E. Knuth",
  title =        "Selected Papers on Computer Languages",
  volume =       "139",
  publisher =    pub-CSLI,
  address =      pub-CSLI:adr,
  pages =        "xvi + 594",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "1-57586-381-2 (hardcover), 1-57586-382-0 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-57586-381-8 (hardback), 978-1-57586-382-5
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.7 .K63 2002",
  MRclass =      "68N15 (01A75 68-03 68-06)",
  MRnumber =     "MR2019164 (2005b:68045)",
  MRreviewer =   "Julian Padget",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 30 07:16:32 2004",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran3.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/litprog.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  series =       "CSLI Lecture Notes",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classmath =    "68-03 (Historical (computer science)); 00B60
                 (Collections of reprinted articles); 01A75 (Collected
                 or selected works); 68-02 (Research monographs
                 (computer science))",
  keywords =     "Algol; attribute grammars; automata; BNF; compiler;
                 Fortran; programming history; programming language;
                 semantics; syntax",
  remark =       "This book is the fifth volume of the papers written by
                 Donald E. Knuth, the pioneer of computer science. The
                 previous volumes were: 1. Literate Programming (1992);
                 2. Selected Papers on Computer Science (1996; Zbl
                 0866.68002); 3. Digital Typography (1999; Zbl
                 0927.68109); 4. Selected Papers on Analysis of
                 Algorithms (2000; Zbl 0966.68082). This fifth volume
                 contains 25 papers on programming languages, their
                 syntax, semantics and translation. The book begins with
                 a survey `The Early Development of Programming
                 Languages' originally published in 1977. It is followed
                 by the well known paper `Backus Normal Form versus
                 Backus Naur Form' (1964). Five papers are concerned
                 with Algol-60, two with SOL. The remaining papers deal
                 with the theory of programming languages, context-free
                 languages, formal semantics, attribute grammars,
                 compilers, algebraic translation, coroutine generation,
                 etc. The reader will be able to see the early history
                 and development of fundamental concepts that have now
                 become thoroughly integrated into modern software
                 systems.",
  tableofcontents = "1: The Early Development of Programming Languages
                 \\
                 2: Backus Normal Form versus Backus Naur Form \\
                 3: Teaching ALGOL 60 \\
                 4: ALGOL 60 Confidential \\
                 5: Smalgol-61 \\
                 6: Man or Boy? \\
                 7: A Proposal for Input-Output Conventions in ALGOL 60
                 \\
                 8: The Remaining Trouble Spots in ALGOL 60 \\
                 9: SOL \\
                 A Symbolic Language for Systems Simulation \\
                 10: A Formal Definition of SOL \\
                 11: The Science of Programming Languages \\
                 12: Programming Languages for Automata \\
                 13: A Characterization of Parenthesis Languages \\
                 14: Top-Down Syntax Analysis \\
                 15: On the Translation of Languages from Left to Right
                 \\
                 16: Context-Free Multilanguages \\
                 17: Semantics of Context-Free Languages \\
                 18: Examples of Formal Semantics",
  xxpages =      "xvi + 594",
  zz-isbn =      "1-57586-381-2 (hardback), 1-57586-382-0 (paperback)",
}

@TechReport{KrusemanAretz:2003:DZA,
  author =       "F. E. J. {Kruseman Aretz}",
  title =        "The {Dijkstra--Zonneveld} {ALGOL 60} compiler for the
                 {Electrologica X1}: historical note {SEN, 2}",
  type =         "Historical Note",
  number =       "SEN-N0301",
  institution =  inst-CWI,
  address =      inst-CWI:adr,
  pages =        "vii + 328",
  day =          "30",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2003",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 17 15:43:35 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/algol/algol_bulletin/EX/SN-N0301.PDF",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
}

@PhdThesis{Windhouwer:2003:FGS,
  author =       "Menzo A. indhouwer",
  title =        "Feature Grammar Systems --- Incremental Maintenance of
                 Indexes to Digital Media Warehouses",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} thesis",
  school =       "Faculty of Science (FNWI) --- Informatics Institute
                 (IVI), University of Amsterdam",
  address =      "Amsterdam, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "viii + 191",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "90-6196-522-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-90-6196-522-0",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "SIKS dissertation series",
  URL =          "http://dare.uva.nl/document/86747;
                 http://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.214540",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{Haigh:2004:IBF,
  author =       "Thomas Haigh",
  title =        "An interview with {Brian Ford}, {Steve Hague} and
                 {Sven Hammarling}",
  howpublished = "Web site",
  pages =        "50",
  day =          "29--30",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2004",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 20 12:41:55 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Interview conducted for the Society for Industrial and
                 Applied Mathematics, and the transcript and original
                 tapes were later donated to the Computer History Museum
                 in Mountain View, CA.",
  URL =          "https://history.siam.org/pdfs2/ford_final.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-dc,
  keywords =     "Abdul Salem; Alan M. Turing; Albert Prat; Allen
                 Hindmarch; Barry Trager; Bill Davidon; Bill Gear; Bill
                 Gropp; Bishop Heim; Bo Einarsson; Brian Ford; Brian
                 Smith; Brian Trubshaw; Burt Garbow; Canon John;
                 Cardinal Wojtyla; Carol Smith; Christian Reinsch;
                 Christopher Strachey; Chuck Lawson; Cleve Moler; Clive
                 Grainger; David Evans; David Jacobs; David J. Finney;
                 David Mayers; Diana Collins; Dick Jenks; Ed Batiste;
                 Eric Foxley; F. Alan Scott; Fran{\c{c}}oise
                 Chaitin-Chatelin; G. W. (Pete) Stewart; Gaston Gonnet;
                 George Forsythe; George Hall; Hans J. Setter; Henry
                 Neave; Ian Gladwell; Ian Reid; Ingmar Dahlstrom; Jack
                 Dongarra; James Davenport; James Demmel; James Lyness;
                 Jan Kok; Jeremy Du Croz; Jim Boyle; Jim Pool; Jim
                 Wilkinson; Joan Walsh; John Nelder; John Packer; John
                 Reeves; John Reid; John Rice; Keith Geddes; Ken
                 Brodlie; Larry Shampine; Lee Osterweil; Leslie Fox;
                 Linda Hayes; Linda Petzold; Lloyd Fosdick; Malcolm
                 Cohen; Marek Machura; Margaret Wright; Martin Luther;
                 Martin Luther King; Martin Schultz; Maurice Wilkes;
                 Mike Powell; Morven Gentleman; Nelson Mandela; Nicholas
                 Wirth; Norm Schryer; Olga Taussky; Per-Olov L{\"o}wdin;
                 Peter Kemp; Peter Mansfield; Phyllis Fox; Richard
                 Daley; Richard Field; Richard Tallett; Robert Sack;
                 Roger Fletcher; Roger Mead; Roger Payne; Seymour Cray;
                 Shirley Lill; Sidney Michaelson; Sir David Cox; Sir
                 Ronald A. Fisher; Stephen Watt; Steve Hague; Steven
                 Hawking; Steven Barnett; Stuart Feldman; Sue Bond; T.
                 J. (Derek) Dekker; Sven Hammarling; Thomas Haigh; Tom
                 Aird; Tom Hull; Virginia Klema; W. J. (Bill) Cody; W.
                 Stanley Brown; Wayne Cowell; Webb Miller; William
                 (Velvel) Kahan; Winnie Mandela",
  remark-1 =     "From page 22: Brian Ford of NAG says ``our Algol 60
                 library stopped at Mark 8, in 1981. We then also
                 started an Algol 68 library.''",
  remark-2 =     "From page 22: Brian Ford says ``There were Government
                 laboratories in England using Algol 60 until 1997.
                 There are strike aircraft still being flown in Europe
                 which use our Algol 68 codes, they'll do that until the
                 year 2007, \ldots{}''",
  remark-3 =     "From page 22: Brian Ford says ``Algol 68 was perhaps
                 the best language I ever worked in.''",
}

@PhdThesis{Abraham:2005:APS,
  author =       "Erika Abraham",
  title =        "An Assertional Proof System for Multithreaded {Java}
                 --- Theory and Tool Support",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} thesis",
  school =       "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2005",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib",
  URL =          "http://hdl.handle.net/1887/584",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@PhdThesis{Vinju:2005:ATS,
  author =       "Jurgen Vinju",
  title =        "Analysis and transformation of source code by parsing
                 and rewriting",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} thesis",
  school =       "Faculty of Science (FNWI) --- Informatics Institute
                 (IVI), University of Amsterdam",
  address =      "Amsterdam, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "??",
  day =          "15",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2005",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.252129",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  advisor =      "P. Klint and M. G. J. van den Brand",
}

@Misc{ACM:2006:SPP,
  author =       "{ACM}",
  title =        "Software Pioneer {Peter Naur} Wins {ACM}'s {Turing
                 Award}. {Dane}'s Creative Genius Revolutionized
                 Computer Language Design",
  howpublished = "ACM Web site",
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 09 06:50:15 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://campus.acm.org/public/pressroom/press_releases/3_2006/turing_3_01_2006.cfm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "URL no longer accessible.",
}

@Book{Anonymous:2006:PFS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Proceedings of the fifty-second {European} study group
                 with industry, {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
                 31.01-04.02.2005",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Anonymous:2006:VCV,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus 2006 {Centrum voor Wiskunde en
                 Informatica}: Actuele wiskunde, {Amsterdam} en
                 {Eindhoven}, 2006. ({Dutch}) [{Holiday} course 2006
                 {Center for Mathematics and Computer Science}: Current
                 mathematics, {Amsterdam} and {Eindhoven}, 2006]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@MastersThesis{deBeer:2006:HAE,
  author =       "H. T. de Beer",
  title =        "The history of the {ALGOL} effort",
  type =         "Masters's thesis",
  school =       "Department of Mathematics and Computer Science,
                 Technische Universiteit Eindhoven",
  address =      "Eindhoven, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "vi + 97",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 06 13:16:45 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran3.bib",
  URL =          "https://pure.tue.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/46991371/614154-1.pdf",
  abstract =     "This report studies the importance of the ALGOL effort
                 for computer science. Therefore the history of the
                 ALGOL effort is told, starting with the computational
                 context of the 1950s when the ALGOL effort was
                 initiated. Second, the development from IAL to ALGOL 60
                 and the role the BNF played in this development are
                 discussed. Third, the translation of ALGOL 60 and the
                 establishment of the scientific field of translator
                 writing are treated. Finally, the period of ALGOL 60
                 maintenance and the subsequent period of creating a
                 successor to ALGOL 60 are described.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  advisor =      "C. Hemerik and L. M. M. Royakkers",
  pdfpages =     "104",
  remark-01 =    "From page 0: ``Peter Naur was not the only Turing
                 Award winner related to the ALGOL effort: A. J. Perlis,
                 J. McCarthy, E. W. Dijkstra, J. Backus, R. W. Floyd, C.
                 A. R. Hoare, and N. Wirth were all awarded before
                 him.'' A ninth Turing awardee, Donald E. Knuth (1974),
                 was also an important contributor to Algol
                 developments.",
  remark-02 =    "According to \cite[page 56]{deBeer:2006:HAE}, this
                 paper extends earlier work by Irons
                 \cite{Irons:1961:SDC} on compilation of Algol 60.",
  remark-03 =    "From page 64: ``In Germany, the government stimulated
                 the use of ALGOL by requiring an ALGOL implementation
                 on every computer ordered by a university. Although the
                 USA government did support COBOL for data-processing,
                 it did not support a language for algebraic
                 applications. Consequently, a new language like ALGOL
                 60 was able to gain more support in Europe than in the
                 USA.''",
  remark-04 =    "From page 64: ``\ldots{} switching to ALGOL 60 was in
                 industry not economically sound. \ldots{} FORTRAN was
                 conceived as a standard and ALGOL was not.",
  remark-05 =    "From page 65: ``One of the main problems for the
                 acceptance of ALGOL in industry was the lack of one
                 responsible and stable organisation behind ALGOL. Where
                 FORTRAN had IBM, ALGOL had just a bunch of scientists
                 from all over the world.''",
  remark-06 =    "From page 77: in 1962, ``Peter Naur decided to stop
                 with his work on the \booktitle{ALGOL Bulletin} which
                 would not be published again until 1964.''",
  remark-07 =    "From page 67: ``\ldots{} three approaches were taken:
                 defining subsets, defining input-output procedures and
                 standardisation of ALGOL 60. Unfortunately, there were
                 different subsets defined: SMALGOL 6130, the ALCOR
                 group subset the ECMA subset, and the IFIP subset. Also
                 different input-output procedures were defined: one by
                 Knuth, also known as Knuthput, and one by IFIP35
                 Finally, there were also different standardisation
                 efforts going on: by ISO, by IFIP, by ECMA, and by the
                 ASA.''",
  remark-08 =    "From page 68: ``In May 1964, F. G. Duncan revived the
                 \booktitle{ALGOL Bulletin}.''",
  remark-09 =    "From pages 69--70: ``[Gerhard Seegm{\"u}ller]
                 introduced (1965) also the reference variable as a
                 generalisation of the {\em call-by-name\/} concept. To
                 that end he invented the \kwd{ref} operator.''",
  remark-10 =    "Page 70 describes features of the Euler language
                 \cite{Wirth:1966:EGAa,Wirth:1966:EGAb}.",
  remark-11 =    "From page 71: ``Hoare (1965) [entry Hoare:1965:RH in
                 algol-bulletin.bib] also gave some possible extensions
                 to his record concept. \ldots{} Hoare proposed to give
                 a set a name and list all the items. Thus {\tt set
                 suit( clubs, diamonds, hearts, spades);} would define
                 the \kwd{set} {\tt suit} with four items. Extra
                 operators, like \kwd{is a}, should be added too.''",
  remark-12 =    "From page 74: ``In September 1966 [entry
                 Wirth:1966:ANC in algol-bulletin.bib], Wirth reported
                 in the ALGOL Bulletin that he was implementing the
                 language on an IBM 360 at Stanford University.69 While
                 implementing he came across some problems and altered
                 the language accordingly. Some syntactic sugar for
                 arrays was introduced, like {\tt x[i,j]} instead of
                 {\tt x[i][j]}.''",
  remark-13 =    "From page 75: ``McCarthy proposed operator overloading
                 and Samelson anonymous subroutines.''",
  remark-14 =    "From page 76: ``Although ALGOL 60 was the most used
                 programming language for man-to-man communication, it
                 failed to truly become the universal algebraic
                 programming language for man-to-machine communication
                 due to the computational context of that time: the
                 predominance of IBM pushing FORTRAN, the legacy of
                 applications already created and used in the industry.
                 ALGOL was a new untested language and, especially on
                 the American market and outside universities, it could
                 not win the fight with FORTRAN.''",
  tableofcontents = "Abstract / ii \\
                 Preface / iii \\
                 Contents / iv \\
                 \\
                 0 Introduction / 1 \\
                 0.0 On the sources used / 2 \\
                 0.1 My own perspective / 3 \\
                 0.2 The ALGOL effort: a definition / 4 \\
                 0.3 Notes / 4 \\
                 \\
                 1 Creation / 5 \\
                 1.0 The start of the ALGOL effort / 5 \\
                 1.1 The need for a universal algorithmic language / 7
                 \\
                 1.1.0 The American field of computing / 7 \\
                 1.1.1 The European field of computing / 9 \\
                 1.1.2 The difference between Europe and the USA and the
                 need for universalism / 11 \\
                 1.2 Why was IAL chosen over other algorithmic
                 languages? / 11 \\
                 1.2.0 IT / 12 \\
                 1.2.1 MATH-MATIC / 14 \\
                 1.2.2 FORTRAN / 15 \\
                 1.2.3 IAL / 16 \\
                 1.2.4 Why did IAL have to be the international
                 algebraic language? / 16 \\
                 1.3 Conclusion / 18 \\
                 1.4 Notes / 19 \\
                 \\
                 2 Notation / 22 \\
                 2.0 Why notation matters? / 22 \\
                 2.1 Notations used to describe early programming
                 languages / 23 \\
                 2.1.0 The notation of IAL and FORTRAN compared / 23 \\
                 2.1.1 The quality of IAL's notation / 26 \\
                 2.2 Backus's notation / 29 \\
                 2.3 Developing ALGOL 60 / 31 \\
                 2.4 Conclusion / 36 \\
                 2.5 Notes / 37 \\
                 \\
                 3 Translation / 39 \\
                 3.0 From craftsmanship to science / 39 \\
                 3.1 Sequential formula translation / 41 \\
                 3.1.0 The development of the sequential formula
                 translation technique / 43 \\
                 3.1.1 Sequential formula translation explained / 46 \\
                 3.2 Implementing procedures and recursion / 49 \\
                 3.2.0 Solving by ignoring / 49 \\
                 3.2.1 Dijkstra's Recursive Programming / 50 \\
                 3.2.2 The solution of Irons and Feurzeig / 51 \\
                 3.3 The influence of ALGOL's structure / 54 \\
                 3.3.0 Grau's recursive translation technique / 54 \\
                 3.3.1 Irons's syntax directed compiler / 55 \\
                 3.3.2 Lucas's structure of formula translators / 56 \\
                 3.3.3 Connecting ALGOL-like languages with context-free
                 language theory / 58 \\
                 3.4 Conclusion / 59 \\
                 3.5 Notes / 60 \\
                 \\
                 4 Succession / 63 \\
                 4.0 Use and maintenance of ALGOL 60 / 63 \\
                 4.1 The move of responsibility for ALGOL to WG 2.1 / 65
                 \\
                 4.2 On ALGOL X and Y / 67 \\
                 4.3 The end of the ALGOL effort: the creation of ALGOL
                 68 / 72 \\
                 4.3.0 Orthogonality versus pragmatism / 72 \\
                 4.3.1 A contribution to the development of ALGOL / 73
                 \\
                 4.3.2 The end and the ALGOL 68 report / 75 \\
                 4.4 Conclusion / 76 \\
                 4.5 Notes / 77 \\
                 \\
                 5 Conclusion / 80 \\
                 5.0 Summary / 80 \\
                 5.0.0 The start of the ALGOL effort / 80 \\
                 5.0.1 From IAL to ALGOL 60: notation and language / 82
                 \\
                 5.0.2 From craftsmanship to science: translating ALGOL
                 60 / 83 \\
                 5.0.3 In search of a worthy successor to ALGOL 60 / 84
                 \\
                 5.1 Conclusions: The important contributions by the
                 ALGOL effort / 85 \\
                 5.1.0 The Backus Naur Form / 85 \\
                 5.1.1 Programming language concepts / 86 \\
                 5.1.2 Syntax directed translation and dynamic memory
                 management / 87 \\
                 5.1.3 The contribution of the field of translator
                 writing / 88 \\
                 5.2 Success and failure / 88 \\
                 5.3 Notes / 89 \\
                 \\
                 Bibliography / 90",
}

@PhdThesis{Economopoulos:2006:GLP,
  author =       "Giorgos Robert Economopoulos",
  title =        "Generalised {LR} Parsing Algorithms",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} thesis",
  school =       "Royal Holloway",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.proquest.com/pqdtglobal/docview/301691838/",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Herder:2006:MSP,
  author =       "Jorrit N. Herder and Herbert Bos and Ben Gras and
                 Philip Homburg and Andrew S. Tanenbaum",
  title =        "Modular System Programming in {MINIX 3}",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "31",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "19--28",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "2006",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  DOI =          "????",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 24 08:50:50 2014",
  bibsource =    "http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/2006-04/index.html;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fortran3.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/minix.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.minix3.org/;
                 http://www.minix3.org/docs/login-2006.pdf;
                 http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/2006-04/openpdfs/herder.pdf",
  abstract =     "When the first modern operating systems were being
                 developed in the early 1960s, the designers were so
                 worried about performance that these systems were
                 written in assembly language, even though high-level
                 languages such as FORTRAN, MAD, and Algol were well
                 established. Reliability and security were not even on
                 the radar. Times have changed and we now need to
                 reexamine the need for reliability in operating
                 systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
}

@Article{Aiken:2007:MJW,
  author =       "Alex Aiken",
  title =        "In Memoriam: {John W. Backus}, 1924--2007",
  journal =      j-LOGIN,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "68--69",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "LOGNEM",
  ISSN =         "1044-6397",
  ISSN-L =       "1044-6397",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 7 11:34:29 MST 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/n/naur-peter.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/usenix2000.bib;
                 https://www.usenix.org/publications/login",
  URL =          "https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/june-2007-volume-32-number-3/memoriam-john-w-backus-1924%E2%80%932007",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     ";login: the USENIX Association newsletter",
  keywords =     "BNF (Backus--Naur Form, or Backus Normal Form);
                 FORTRAN language",
  subject-dates = "John Warner Backus (3 December 1924--17 March 2007);
                 Peter Naur (25 October 1928--3 January 2016)",
}

@Article{Barnes:2007:SIBb,
  author =       "John G. P. Barnes",
  title =        "{SP1}: introducing the best of {Ada 2005}",
  journal =      j-SIGADA-LETTERS,
  volume =       "27",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "3--3",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "AALEE5",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1315580.1315584",
  ISSN =         "1094-3641 (print), 1557-9476 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1094-3641",
  bibdate =      "Tue Jun 17 09:18:04 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigada.bib",
  abstract =     "Ada 2005 is the latest chapter in the Ada story. Ada
                 95 was a huge leap forward from Ada 83. However,
                 experience showed that Ada 95 has a number of gaps. Ada
                 2005 is not such a giant leap forward but aims rather
                 to round off Ada 95 and so provide the community with a
                 really smooth programming language suited for the
                 demanding applications of the 21st century.\par

                 John will explain the specific goals of the development
                 and introduce the key new features of Ada 2005. The
                 most obvious new features are in the OO model with the
                 introduction of interfaces and in the real-time area
                 with more control over timing and scheduling plus much
                 more in the predefined library. But there are other
                 improvements as well in areas such as visibility
                 control, exceptions and generics. And of course also
                 downward closures so that Ada is at last as good as
                 Algol 60 in that area.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGAda Ada Letters",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigada",
}

@Article{Hermida:2007:FFP,
  author =       "C. Hermida and R. D. Tennent",
  title =        "A fibrational framework for possible-world semantics
                 of {Algol}",
  journal =      j-THEOR-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "375",
  number =       "1--3",
  pages =        "3--19",
  day =          "1",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2007",
  CODEN =        "TCSCDI",
  ISSN =         "0304-3975 (print), 1879-2294 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0304-3975",
  bibdate =      "Tue Mar 29 08:55:42 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tcs2005.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Theor. Comput. Sci.",
  fjournal =     "Theoretical Computer Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03043975/",
}

@InProceedings{Wirth:2007:MO,
  author =       "Niklaus Wirth",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the Third {ACM SIGPLAN Conference on
                 History of Programming Languages}",
  title =        "{Modula-2} and {Oberon}",
  publisher =    pub-ACM,
  address =      pub-ACM:adr,
  pages =        "3.1--3.10",
  year =         "2007",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1238844.1238847",
  ISBN =         "1-59593-766-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59593-766-7",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 5 08:25:24 2024",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wirth-niklaus.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "HOPL III",
  URL =          "https://people.inf.ethz.ch/wirth/Articles/Modula-Oberon-June.doc",
  abstract =     "This is an account of the development of the languages
                 Modula-2 and Oberon. Together with their ancestors
                 ALGOL 60 and Pascal they form a family called
                 Algol-like languages. Pascal (1970) reflected the ideas
                 of structured programming, Modula-2 (1979) added those
                 of modular system design, and Oberon (1988) catered to
                 the object-oriented style. Thus they mirror the
                 essential programming paradigms of the past decades.
                 Here the major language properties are outlined,
                 followed by an account of the respective implementation
                 efforts. The conditions and the environments in which
                 the languages were created are elucidated. We point out
                 that simplicity of design was the most essential
                 guiding principle. Clarity of concepts, economy of
                 features, efficiency and reliability of implementations
                 were its consequences.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Niklaus Wirth (15 February 1934--1 January 2024)",
  location =     "San Diego, California",
}

@Article{Acs:2008:CAB,
  author =       "{\'E}va {\'A}cs and A. K. Borsodi and Gy. Z{\'a}ray",
  title =        "Comparative algological and bacteriological
                 examinations on biofilms developed on different
                 substrata in a shallow soda lake",
  journal =      j-AQUAT-ECOL,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "521--531",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "AQECF9",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-007-9132-0",
  ISSN =         "1386-2588 (print), 1573-5125 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1386-2588",
  bibdate =      "Fri Sep 23 10:22:51 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/aquatecol.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10452-007-9132-0",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Aquat. Ecol.",
  fjournal =     "Aquatic Ecology",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/10452",
}

@Book{Anonymous:2008:VWP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus 2008 --- Wiskunde en profil: het
                 gezicht van de wiskunde. ({Dutch}) [{Holiday} course
                 2008 --- Mathematics and profile: the face of
                 mathematics]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2008",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Article{Lampson:2008:LSE,
  author =       "Butler W. Lampson",
  title =        "Lazy and speculative execution in computer systems",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "43",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "1--2",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1411204.1411205",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 23 17:31:25 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2000.bib",
  abstract =     "The distinction between lazy and eager (or strict)
                 evaluation has been studied in programming languages
                 since Algol 60's call by name, as a way to avoid
                 unnecessary work and to deal gracefully with infinite
                 structures such as streams. It is deeply integrated in
                 some languages, notably Haskell, and can be simulated
                 in many languages by wrapping a lazy expression in a
                 lambda. Less well studied is the role of laziness, and
                 its opposite, speculation, in computer systems, both
                 hardware and software. A wide range of techniques can
                 be understood as applications of these two ideas.
                 Laziness is the idea behind:\par

                 Redo logging for maintaining persistent state and
                 replicated state machines: the log represents the
                 current state, but it is evaluated only after a failure
                 or to bring a replica online.\par

                 Copy-on-write schemes for maintaining multiple versions
                 of a large, slowly changing state, usually in a
                 database or file system.\par

                 Write buffers and writeback caches in memory and file
                 systems, which are lazy about updating the main
                 store.\par

                 Relaxed memory models and eventual consistency
                 replication schemes (which require weakening the
                 spec).\par

                 Clipping regions and expose events in graphics and
                 window systems.\par

                 Carry-save adders, which defer propagating carries
                 until a clean result is needed.\par

                 'Infinity' and 'Not a number' results of floating point
                 operations.\par

                 Futures (in programming) and out of order execution (in
                 CPUs), which launch a computation but are lazy about
                 consuming the result. Dataflow is a
                 generalization.\par

                 'Formatting operators' in text editors, which apply
                 properties such as 'italic' to large regions of text by
                 attaching a sequence of functions that compute the
                 properties; the functions are not evaluated until the
                 text needs to be displayed.\par

                 Stream processing in database queries, Unix pipes,
                 etc., which conceptually applies operators to unbounded
                 sequences of data, but rearranges the computation when
                 possible to apply a sequence of operators to each data
                 item in turn. Speculation is the idea
                 behind:\par

                 Optimistic concurrency control in databases, and more
                 recently in transactional memory\par

                 Prefetching in memory and file systems.\par

                 Branch prediction, and speculative execution in general
                 in modern CPUs.\par

                 Data speculation, which works especially well when the
                 data is cached but might be updated by a concurrent
                 process. This is a form of optimistic concurrency
                 control.\par

                 Exponential backoff schemes for scheduling a resource,
                 most notably in LANs such as WiFi or classical
                 Ethernet.\par

                 All forms of caching, which speculate that it's worth
                 filling up some memory with data in the hope that it
                 will be used again. In both cases it is usual to insist
                 that the laziness or speculation is strictly a matter
                 of scheduling that doesn't affect the result of a
                 computation but only improves the performance.
                 Sometimes, however, the spec is weakened, for example
                 in eventual consistency. I will discuss many of these
                 examples in detail and examine what they have in
                 common, how they differ, and what factors govern the
                 effectiveness of laziness and speculation in computer
                 systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "lazy evaluation",
}

@Article{Murawski:2008:TOI,
  author =       "Andrzej S. Murawski and Igor Walukiewicz",
  title =        "Third-order {Idealized Algol} with iteration is
                 decidable",
  journal =      j-THEOR-COMP-SCI,
  volume =       "390",
  number =       "2--3",
  pages =        "214--229",
  day =          "28",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "TCSCDI",
  ISSN =         "0304-3975 (print), 1879-2294 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0304-3975",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 28 22:12:01 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/tcs2005.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Theor. Comput. Sci.",
  fjournal =     "Theoretical Computer Science",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03043975/",
}

@Article{Ahmed:2009:SDR,
  author =       "Amal Ahmed and Derek Dreyer and Andreas Rossberg",
  title =        "State-dependent representation independence",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "44",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "340--353",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/1594834.1480925",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 9 08:40:38 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2000.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2000.bib",
  abstract =     "Mitchell's notion of representation independence is a
                 particularly useful application of Reynolds' relational
                 parametricity -- two different implementations of an
                 abstract data type can be shown contextually equivalent
                 so long as there exists a relation between their type
                 representations that is preserved by their operations.
                 There have been a number of methods proposed for
                 proving representation independence in various pure
                 extensions of System F (where data abstraction is
                 achieved through existential typing), as well as in
                 Algol- or Java-like languages (where data abstraction
                 is achieved through the use of local mutable state).
                 However, none of these approaches addresses the
                 interaction of existential type abstraction and local
                 state. In particular, none allows one to prove
                 representation independence results for generative ADTs
                 -- i.e. ADTs that both maintain some local state and
                 define abstract types whose internal representations
                 are dependent on that local state.\par

                 In this paper, we present a syntactic,
                 logical-relations-based method for proving
                 representation independence of generative ADTs in a
                 language supporting polymorphic types, existential
                 types, general recursive types, and unrestricted
                 ML-style mutable references. We demonstrate the
                 effectiveness of our method by using it to prove
                 several interesting contextual equivalences that
                 involve a close interaction between existential typing
                 and local state, as well as some well-known
                 equivalences from the literature (such as Pitts and
                 Stark's 'awkward' example) that have caused trouble for
                 previous logical-relations-based methods.\par

                 The success of our method relies on two key technical
                 innovations. First, in order to handle generative ADTs,
                 we develop a possible-worlds model in which relational
                 interpretations of types are allowed to grow over time
                 in a manner that is tightly coupled with changes to
                 some local state. Second, we employ a step-indexed
                 stratification of possible worlds, which facilitates a
                 simplified account of mutable references of higher
                 type.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  keywords =     "abstract data types; existential types; local state;
                 representation independence; step-indexed logical
                 relations",
}

@Book{Anonymous:2009:VTU,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus 2009 --- Tel uit je winst --- wiskunde
                 in geld en spelen. ({Dutch}) [{Holiday} course 2009 ---
                 Count your winnings --- mathematics in money and
                 games]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2009",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Book{Apt:2009:VSC,
  author =       "Krzysztof Apt and Ernst-R{\"u}diger Olderog and Frank
                 de Boer",
  title =        "Verification of Sequential and Concurrent Programs",
  publisher =    "S",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2009",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-745-5",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@TechReport{KrusemanAretz:2010:DCP,
  author =       "F. E. J. {Kruseman Aretz}",
  title =        "Design and correctness proof of an emulation of the
                 floating-point operations of the {Electrologica X8}: a
                 case study",
  type =         "Computer Science Report",
  number =       "1002",
  institution =  "Technische Universiteit Eindhoven",
  address =      "Eindhoven, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "58",
  day =          "30",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2010",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 17 16:37:56 2016",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "http://repository.tue.nl/674735a",
  abstract =     "Some time ago I decided to write an emulator for a
                 Dutch computer from the sixties of the previous
                 century, the Electrologica X8, in order to be able to
                 run its ALGOL 60 implementation and to do some
                 measurements with it. That emulator was written in
                 (standard ISO) Pascal.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark-1 =     "From page 2: ``Electrologica was a Dutch computer
                 factory, founded in 1956. It produced the Electrologica
                 X1 (from 1958) and its successor, the Electrologica X8
                 (from 1965). The latter was more or less upwards
                 compatible with the former, about a factor of 12
                 faster, and in addition it had floating-point hardware:
                 an additional register F and instructions for
                 floating-point addition, subtraction, multiplication,
                 and division.''",
  remark-2 =     "From page 3: ``the floating-point operations `+', `-',
                 `*', and `/' all delivered the best possible result,
                 i.e. that floating-point number in standard form whose
                 value is closest to the exact result. In case that the
                 exact result of the operation was precisely midway two
                 consecutive floating-point numbers, the result was
                 rounded upwards for positive results and downwards for
                 negative results.''",
  remark-3 =     "From page 29: ``The number representation of the EL X8
                 was in one-complement, with preference for $-0$ over
                 $+0$ (I have not analyzed whether an implementation
                 directly in the one-complement representation needs
                 more, or perhaps less guarding bits).",
  remark-4 =     "Page 56 presents the four-step Newton--Raphson
                 algorithm used to implement the square-root operation
                 on the EL8, producing results with a maximum error of
                 0.90 bit.",
}

@Article{Nofre:2010:UAU,
  author =       "David Nofre",
  title =        "Unraveling {Algol}: {US}, {Europe}, and the Creation
                 of a Programming Language",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "58--68",
  month =        apr # "\slash " # jun,
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2010.4",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 13 10:26:12 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/householder-alston-s.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Nofre/publication/224107164_Unraveling_Algol_US_Europe_and_the_Creation_of_a_Programming_Language",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
  keywords =     "Algol; Collaboration; Computer languages; Cultural
                 differences; Europe; Global communication; History;
                 history of computing; history of software; Mirrors;
                 Natural languages; programming languages; Skeleton;
                 universal language; Writing",
}

@Book{Priestley:2010:SOM,
  author =       "Mark (Peter Mark) Priestley",
  title =        "A Science of Operations: Machines, Logic and the
                 Invention of Programming",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "1-84882-554-4, 1-84882-555-2 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-84882-554-3, 978-1-84882-555-0 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QA76.6 .P75 2010",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 6 07:13:30 MDT 2026",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  series =       "History of computing",
  URL =          "http://books.scholarsportal.info/viewdoc.html?id=/ebooks/ebooks2/springer/2011-11-16/2/9781848825550",
  abstract =     "A Science of Operations examines the history of what
                 we now call programming, defined not simply as computer
                 programming, but more broadly as the definition of the
                 steps involved in computations and other
                 information-processing activities. This unique
                 perspective highlights how the history of programming
                 is distinct from the history of the computer, despite
                 the close relationship between the two in the 20th
                 century. The book also discusses how the development of
                 programming languages is related to disparate fields
                 which attempted to give a mechanical account of
                 language on the one hand, and a linguistic account of
                 machines on the other.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Computer programming; History; Programming languages
                 (Electronic computers); Microcomputers; Logic, Symbolic
                 and mathematical; Programmation (Informatique);
                 Histoire; Micro-ordinateurs; Logique symbolique et
                 math{\'e}matique; COMPUTERS; Programming; Open Source;
                 Software Development and Engineering; General; Tools;
                 Informatique; Computer programming; Logic, Symbolic and
                 mathematical; Microcomputers; Programming languages
                 (Electronic computers)",
  tableofcontents = "1. Introduction \\
                 2. Babbage's Engines \\
                 3. Semi-Automatic Computing \\
                 4. Logic, Computability and Formal Systems \\
                 5. Automating Control \\
                 6. Logic and the Invention of the Computer \\
                 7. Machine Code Programming and Logic \\
                 8. The Invention of Programming Languages \\
                 9. The Algol Research Programme \\
                 10. The Logic of Correctness in Software Engineering
                 \\
                 11. The Unification of Data and Algorithms \\
                 12. Conclusions",
}

@Book{Anonymous:2011:VS,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Vakantiecursus 2011 --- Symmetrie. ({Dutch})
                 [{Holiday} course 2011 --- Symmetry]",
  publisher =    "C",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2011",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  language =     "Dutch",
}

@Article{Bauer:2011:AVG,
  author =       "Friedrich L. Bauer",
  title =        "{Die ALGOL-Verschw{\"o}rung}. ({German}) [{The}
                 {ALGOL} Conspiracy]",
  journal =      j-INFORMATIK-SPEKTRUM,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "141--149",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "INSKDW",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00287-011-0585-0",
  ISSN =         "0170-6012 (print), 1432-122X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0170-6012",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 22 14:48:56 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015)",
  fjournal =     "Informatik Spektrum",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/287",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Daylight:2011:DRCb,
  author =       "Edgar G. Daylight",
  title =        "{Dijkstra}'s Rallying Cry for Generalization: the
                 Advent of the Recursive Procedure, Late 1950s--Early
                 1960s",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "54",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1756--1772",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxr002",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 28 10:35:35 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/11.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2010.bib",
  URL =          "https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.366.3916&rep=rep1&type=pdf;
                 https://www.dijkstrascry.com/node/4",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  onlinedate =   "March 8, 2011",
  remark-1 =     "From page 1765: ``Dijkstra's single most important
                 ALGOL60-related contribution, in terms of
                 generalization, is without doubt his design of an
                 intermediate machine-independent object language; 14
                 that is, a language which serves the purpose of
                 describing the behavior of a general stack-based
                 machine and not the X1 machine in particular. Dijkstra
                 situated this language in between ALGOL60 and the
                 machine instructions of the X1, and thereby created ---
                 what we would today call --- a separation of concerns,
                 which heavily simplified the implementation of the
                 Dijkstra--Zonneveld compiler.''",
  remark-2 =     "From page 1769: ``In his own [Dijkstra's] words in
                 1962: ``One of our great features of our compiler is
                 that it happens to turn out that it is very easy to
                 have a good recursive function in it. I am very fond of
                 them. They are hardly used by customers. Nevertheless,
                 it is very important that they are in. The reason is
                 that they give us possibilities that make the tool
                 inspiring. In practical computations these [general]
                 features are not too frequently used, but the bare fact
                 that the programmers could use them if they wanted to
                 made the language very appealing.''",
  subject-dates = "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930--6 August 2002)",
}

@InBook{Gil:2011:BMC,
  author =       "Amparo Gil and Javier Segura and Nico Temme",
  booktitle =    "Recent Advances in Computational and Applied
                 Mathematics",
  title =        "Basic Methods for Computing Special Functions",
  chapter =      "??",
  publisher =    "S",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2011",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Mounier-Kuhn:2011:UPE,
  author =       "Pierre Mounier-Kuhn",
  editor =       "????",
  booktitle =    "{2011 SHOT meeting / Cleveland, OH. SIGCIS workshop on
                 Materiality and Immateriality in the History of
                 Computing}",
  title =        "From Universal Project to Embedded Culture: {Algol} in
                 {France}",
  publisher =    "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "1--33",
  year =         "2011",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 05 09:34:08 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://locomat.loria.fr/cs/nancy/docs/ALGOL-WIPSIGCIS2011MounierKuhn-AlgolinFrance.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Stoer:2011:GST,
  author =       "Josef Stoer",
  title =        "The {Gatlinburg Symposia} and Their Influence on the
                 Development of Numerical Linear Algebra",
  journal =      "IMAGE",
  volume =       "??",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "13--25",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "2011",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 28 16:51:41 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/taussky-todd-olga.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "From the start of \S 2: ``The Gatlinburg Symposia,
                 officially started by Alston S. Householder in 1961,
                 were influenced in part by the existence of two earlier
                 and similar symposia, the first organized by Olga
                 Taussky in 1951 in Los Angeles and the second by
                 Wallace Givens in 1957 in Detroit. ''",
  URL =          "http://www.maths.manchester.ac.uk/~higham/conferences/householder/image46_stoer.pdf",
  abstract =     "About 1960, Alton S. Householder initiated the idea of
                 ``Gatlinburg Symposia on Numerical Linear Algebra''.
                 They were named after the resort of Gatlinburg,
                 Tennessee, where the early meetings took place; later
                 on they shifted to various other locations in North
                 America and also in Europe. Responsible for their
                 program was the ``Gatlinburg Committee''; the first
                 consisted of A. S. Householder, J. H. Wilkinson, W.
                 Givens, G. E. Forsythe, P. Henrici, and F. L. Bauer.
                 There were only invited lectures and there were, at
                 least initially, no parallel sessions. The list of
                 participants contains many well known names and
                 continues to read like a ``Who's Who'' in the area of
                 Numerical Linear Algebra, so that it is not surprising
                 that the Symposia have had a tremendous influence on
                 its development, both with respect to theory and the
                 design of reliable and efficient algorithms. Such
                 well-known software packages as LINPACK, LAPACK,
                 EISPACK, and SPARSEPACK had their root in the
                 collection of ALGOL programs in the book of Wilkinson
                 and Reinsch, \booktitle{Linear Algebra}, in many
                 critical discussions during Gatlinburg Symposia, and in
                 the close cooperation of scientists attending these
                 meetings.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject-dates = "Olga Taussky-Todd (30 August 1906--7 October 1995)",
}

@InProceedings{Zaytsev:2011:UFL,
  author =       "Vadim Zaytsev and Ralf L{\"a}mmel",
  editor =       "Brian Malloy and Steffen Staab and Mark van den
                 Brand",
  booktitle =    "Software Language Engineering Third International
                 Conference, {SLE 2010}, Eindhoven, The Netherlands,
                 October 12--13, 2010, Revised Selected Papers",
  title =        "A Unified Format for Language Documents",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "206--225",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2011",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19440-5",
  ISBN =         "3-642-19439-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-642-19439-9",
  ISSN =         "0302-9743 (print), 1611-3349 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0302-9743",
  LCCN =         "QA76.758 .S54 2011",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  xxbooktitle =  "Post-proceedings of the Third International Conference
                 on Software Language Engineering {(SLE 2010)}",
}

@Article{Bauer:2012:AVG,
  author =       "Friedrich L. Bauer",
  title =        "{Die ALGOL-Verschw{\"o}rung}. ({German}) [{The}
                 {ALGOL} Conspiracy]",
  journal =      j-INFORMATIK-SPEKTRUM,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "141--149",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "INSKDW",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00287-011-0585-0",
  ISSN =         "0170-6012 (print), 1432-122X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0170-6012",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 22 15:20:53 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/hamming-richard-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00287-011-0585-0",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015)",
  fjournal =     "Informatik Spektrum",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/287",
  language =     "German",
}

@Article{Grassmann:2012:CBR,
  author =       "Winfried K. Grassmann",
  title =        "A Computer Built with Relays and a Mechanical Memory,
                 and {Algol}",
  journal =      j-COMP-J,
  volume =       "55",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "1309--1316",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "2012",
  CODEN =        "CMPJA6",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxr132",
  ISSN =         "0010-4620 (print), 1460-2067 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0010-4620",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 1 11:25:36 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/55/11.toc;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/compj2010.bib",
  URL =          "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/55/11/1309.full.pdf+html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "The Computer Journal",
  journal-URL =  "http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/",
  keywords =     "ALGOL; Rutishauser; Z4; Zuse",
  onlinedate =   "January 16, 2012",
}

@Article{Braden:2013:BAS,
  author =       "Robert Braden",
  title =        "{Burroughs Algol} at {Stanford University},
                 1960--1963",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "35",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "69--73",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2013.45",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 9 15:49:40 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/forsythe-george-elmer.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  note =         "From page 72: ``This Anecdote is dedicated to the
                 memory of George Forsythe, whose vision and gentle
                 wisdom initiated and steered the revolution I have
                 described. Between 1960 and 1963, he created at
                 Stanford an environment in which a Burroughs B220
                 computer system, the Burroughs Algebraic Compiler, and
                 the BALGOL language combined to excite and train a
                 group of Stanford people diving into the emerging
                 computer age.''",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
  keywords =     "academic computing; BAC; BALGOL; Biographies;
                 Burroughs Algol; Burroughs Algol 58; compiler design;
                 Educational institutions; History; history of
                 computing; Program processors; programming technology;
                 Stanford University; SUBALCOM",
  remark-01 =    "From page 69: ``The B220 was a transitional machine, a
                 vacuum-tube machine that performed base-10
                 arithmetic.''",
  remark-02 =    "From page 69: ``Professor George Forsythe employed
                 BALGOL to implement automatic grading of student
                 programs.''",
  remark-03 =    "From page 70: ``It could compile and execute
                 nontrivial programs on a machine with only 5,000
                 10-digit memory words. This was one-sixth of the memory
                 capacity (32,000 36-bit words) of the IBM 7090 that
                 replaced it.''",
  remark-04 =    "From page 70: ``The code had been commented by a Cal
                 Tech graduate student named Donald Knuth, who was a
                 summer hire at Burroughs Pasadena''",
  remark-05 =    "From page 71: ``The syntax notation subsequently
                 called BNF (originally Backus Normal Form, later
                 Backus-Naur Form) was initially published by John
                 Backus during the time of the BAC development.''",
  remark-06 =    "From page 71: ``BALGOL avoided many of the annoying
                 compiler limits that plagued programmers, such as six
                 character identifiers or many individual table limits.
                 The BAC allowed identifier lengths up to 50
                 characters.''",
  remark-07 =    "From page 71: ``The compiler and its tables occupied
                 approximately 4,100 words.''",
  remark-08 =    "From page 71: ``In 1962 Stanford contracted with IBM
                 for an IBM 7090, causing great consternation in
                 Forsythe's office. \ldots{} To subject this community
                 to IBM's EDP-oriented system software would have moved
                 academic computing at Stanford backward by several
                 years.''",
  remark-09 =    "From page 72: ``We decided to use bootstrapping to
                 port the BAC onto the [IBM] 7090 to create a compiler
                 written in its own language.''",
  remark-10 =    "From page 72: ``Over the next nine months, we
                 developed a SUBALGOL compiler for the IBM 7090.
                 \ldots{} SUBALCOM contained approximately 7,000 lines
                 of SUBALCOM source code, including comments and rather
                 lavish facilities for debugging the compiler itself''",
  remark-11 =    "From page 72: ``The SUBALCOM code was well commented;
                 we tried to maintain Knuth's high standard for lucidity
                 in commenting the code.''",
  remark-12 =    "From page 72: ``The SUBALGOL language was an extended
                 version of BALGOL. \ldots{} giving direct access to
                 shift and mask operations on the 7090 hardware.''",
  subject-dates = "George Elmer Forsythe (8 January 1917--9 April
                 1972)",
}

@Article{Rutishauser:2013:NAS,
  author =       "Hanna Rutishauser",
  title =        "{Numerik, ALGOL und die Schweizer Hochalpen. Zur
                 Arbeit an der Biografie von Heinz Rutishauser
                 (1918--1970)}. ({German}) [{Numerics}, {ALGOL} and the
                 {Swiss High Alps}. {On} the work on the biography of
                 {Heinz Rutishauser} (1918--1970)]",
  journal =      j-INFORMATIK-SPEKTRUM,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2013",
  CODEN =        "INSKDW",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00287-013-0730-z",
  ISSN =         "0170-6012 (print), 1432-122X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0170-6012",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 22 15:20:53 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bauer-friedrich-ludwig.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00287-013-0730-z",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Informatik Spektrum",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/287",
  language =     "German",
  subject-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10
                 November 1970)",
}

@Article{Alberts:2014:ACP,
  author =       "Gerard Alberts",
  title =        "{Algol} Culture and Programming Styles [{Guest
                 Editor}'s introduction]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "2--5",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2014.49",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 4 11:17:29 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
  keywords =     "Algol; Computer languages; Europe; History; history of
                 computing; history of software; Programming;
                 programming languages; Software engineering; Software
                 for Europe; Special issues and sections",
}

@Article{Alberts:2014:UVL,
  author =       "Gerard Alberts and Edgar G. Daylight",
  title =        "Universality versus Locality: The {Amsterdam} Style of
                 {Algol} Implementation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "52--63",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2014.61",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 4 11:17:29 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
  keywords =     "Aad van Wijngaarden; Alan Perlis; Algol; compiler
                 construction; Computer languages; Edsger W. Dijkstra;
                 Europe; Friedrich Bauer; Heinz Rutishauser; History;
                 history of computing; history of software; Jaap
                 Zonneveld; John Carr; Klaus Samelson; object language;
                 Peter Naur; Program processors; Programming; Saul Gorn;
                 Software engineering",
  subject-dates = "Friedrich (``Fritz'') Ludwig Bauer (10 June 1924--26
                 March 2015); Klaus Samelson (21 December 1918--25 May
                 1980)",
}

@Article{Durnova:2014:EAE,
  author =       "Helena Durnov{\'a}",
  title =        "Embracing the {Algol} Effort in {Czechoslovakia}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "26--37",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2014.51",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 4 11:17:29 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
  keywords =     "Algol 60; Automatic programming; Computer languages;
                 EPOS Algol; EPOS computer; Europe; History; history of
                 computing; Information processing; Program processors;
                 Programming; programming in Czechoslovakia; SAPO
                 computer",
}

@Article{Durnova:2014:TPW,
  author =       "H. Durnova and G. Alberts",
  title =        "Think Piece: Was {Algol 60} the First Algorithmic
                 Language?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "104, 102--103",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2014.63",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 4 11:17:29 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
}

@Article{Durnova:2014:WAF,
  author =       "Helena Durnov{\'a} and Gerard Alberts",
  title =        "Was {Algol 60} the First Algorithmic Language?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "104--104",
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2014.63",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 14:51:26 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
  keywords =     "Algol; Algol Bulletin; Algorithm design and analysis;
                 Computer languages; Hermann Bottenbruch; history of
                 computing; history of software programming; IAL;
                 Mathematics; Peter Naur; Programming",
}

@Article{Mounier-Kuhn:2014:AFU,
  author =       "Pierre Mounier-Kuhn",
  title =        "{Algol} in {France}: From Universal Project to
                 Embedded Culture",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "36",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "6--25",
  month =        oct # "\slash " # dec,
  year =         "2014",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2014.50",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180 (print), 1934-1547 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Wed Mar 4 11:17:29 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput.",
  fjournal =     "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing",
  journal-URL =  "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=85",
  keywords =     "Algol; Bull; Computer languages; computer science;
                 Europe; France; History; history of computing; IBM;
                 industrial research; learned society; Mathematics; Plan
                 Calcul; Programming; programming language; Research and
                 development; Software engineering",
}

@InProceedings{Terekhov:2014:AIU,
  author =       "Andrey Terekhov",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68} and Its Impact on the {USSR} and {Russian}
                 Programming",
  crossref =     "Tomilin:2014:TIC",
  pages =        "97--106",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2014",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/sorucom.2014.29",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 14:51:26 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://sorucom.iis.nsk.su/files/news/sorucom2014.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "ALGOL 68; compiler; compiler technique; Computers;
                 Domain specific languages; DSL; education; Educational
                 institutions; Grammar; history of programming; HLL
                 computer; Optimization; Programming; Standards;
                 translator",
}

@PhdThesis{Gruner:2015:TOI,
  author =       "Andreas Gr{\"u}ner",
  title =        "Testing Object Interaction",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} thesis",
  school =       "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2015",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://hdl.handle.net/1887/16243",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@PhdThesis{Rot:2015:EC,
  author =       "Jurriaan Rot",
  title =        "Enhanced coinduction",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} thesis",
  school =       "????",
  address =      "????",
  pages =        "??",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2015",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "http://hdl.handle.net/1887/35814",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Haigh:2016:HRW,
  author =       "Thomas Haigh and Mark Priestley",
  title =        "Historical reflections: Where code comes from:
                 architectures of automatic control from {Babbage} to
                 {Algol}",
  journal =      j-CACM,
  volume =       "59",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "39--44",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "CACMA2",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/2846088",
  ISSN =         "0001-0782 (print), 1557-7317 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-0782",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 15 16:12:33 MST 2016",
  bibsource =    "http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/cacm/;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/babbage-charles.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/adabooks.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/cacm2010.bib",
  URL =          "http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2015/1/195721/fulltext",
  abstract =     "Considering the evolving concept of programming.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Communications of the ACM",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/cacm",
}

@Article{Osvald:2016:GGT,
  author =       "Leo Osvald and Gr{\'e}gory Essertel and Xilun Wu and
                 Lilliam I. Gonz{\'a}lez Alay{\'o}n and Tiark Rompf",
  title =        "Gentrification gone too far? {Affordable} 2nd-class
                 values for fun and (co-)effect",
  journal =      j-SIGPLAN,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "234--251",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2016",
  CODEN =        "SINODQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3022671.2984009",
  ISSN =         "0362-1340 (print), 1523-2867 (print), 1558-1160
                 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0362-1340",
  bibdate =      "Sat Sep 16 10:18:13 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigplan2010.bib",
  abstract =     "First-class functions dramatically increase
                 expressiveness, at the expense of static guarantees. In
                 ALGOL or PASCAL, functions could be passed as arguments
                 but never escape their defining scope. Therefore,
                 function arguments could serve as temporary access
                 tokens or capabilities, enabling callees to perform
                 some action, but only for the duration of the call. In
                 modern languages, such programming patterns are no
                 longer available. The central thrust of this paper is
                 to re-introduce second-class functions and other values
                 alongside first-class entities in modern languages. We
                 formalize second-class values with stack-bounded
                 lifetimes as an extension to simply-typed $ \lambda $
                 calculus, and for richer type systems such as F$_{ <
                 \colon }$ and systems with path-dependent types. We
                 generalize the binary first- vs second-class
                 distinction to arbitrary privilege lattices, with the
                 underlying type lattice as a special case. In this
                 setting, abstract types naturally enable privilege
                 parametricity. We prove type soundness and lifetime
                 properties in Coq. We implement our system as an
                 extension of Scala, and present several case studies.
                 First, we modify the Scala Collections library and add
                 privilege annotations to all higher-order functions.
                 Privilege parametricity is key to retain the high
                 degree of code-reuse between sequential and parallel as
                 well as lazy and eager collections. Second, we use
                 scoped capabilities to introduce a model of checked
                 exceptions in the Scala library, with only few changes
                 to the code. Third, we employ second-class capabilities
                 for memory safety in a region-based off-heap memory
                 library.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "ACM SIGPLAN Notices",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/sigplan",
  remark =       "OOPSLA '16 conference proceedings.",
}

@Article{vandenHove:2017:DHC,
  author =       "Gauthier van den Hove",
  title =        "Dissolving a half century old problem about the
                 implementation of procedures",
  journal =      j-SCI-COMPUT-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "150",
  number =       "??",
  pages =        "75--86",
  day =          "15",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "2017",
  CODEN =        "SCPGD4",
  ISSN =         "0167-6423 (print), 1872-7964 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0167-6423",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 30 08:29:26 MDT 2017",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/scicomputprogram.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Dijkstra:1960:RPb}.",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642317301582",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Science of Computer Programming",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01676423",
  keywords =     "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra",
}

@InCollection{Astarte:2018:FSA,
  author =       "Troy K. Astarte and Cliff B. Jones",
  title =        "Formal Semantics of {Algol 60}: Four Descriptions in
                 their Historical Context",
  crossref =     "DeMol:2018:RPS",
  pages =        "83--152",
  year =         "2018",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97226-8_4",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 06 08:17:35 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Higham:2018:UN,
  author =       "Nicholas J. Higham",
  title =        "The Unwinding Number",
  journal =      j-SIAM-NEWS,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "2--2",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "2018",
  ISSN =         "0036-1437",
  ISSN-L =       "0036-1437",
  MRclass =      "65E05 (68N15)",
  MRnumber =     "3823081",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 06 08:46:15 2018",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/higham-nicholas-john.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/elefunt.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/fparith.bib",
  URL =          "https://sinews.siam.org/Details-Page/the-unwinding-number",
  abstract =     "While Fortran 66 had a complex data type, this was not
                 true of most other early programming languages, such as
                 Algol 60. As a result, programmers had to write their
                 own procedures to implement complex arithmetic and
                 transcendental functions in terms of separately stored
                 real and imaginary parts. They quickly realized that
                 this is not a trivial task; in the early 1960s, it took
                 five published attempts over three years to obtain a
                 correct implementation of the complex logarithm in
                 Algol 60.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "Nicholas John Higham (25 December 1961--20 January
                 2024)",
  fjournal =     "SIAM News",
  journal-URL =  "https://sinews.siam.org/",
}

@PhdThesis{vandenHovedErtsenryck:2019:NIO,
  author =       "Gauthier Marie Claude Jean Th{\'e}r{\`e}se G{\'e}rald
                 {van den Hove d'Ertsenryck}",
  title =        "New Insights from Old Programs: The Structure of The
                 First {ALGOL 60} System",
  type =         "{Ph.D.} thesis",
  school =       "Centrum Wiskunde \& Informatica (CWI), Informatics
                 Institute, Faculty of Science, Universit of Amsterdam",
  address =      "Amsterdam, The Netherlands",
  pages =        "???? + 302",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2019",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 3 08:09:23 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutishauser-heinz.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "Preface by Donald E. Knuth.",
  URL =          "https://hdl.handle.net/11245.1/8ecd6e9b-767d-44ab-84a7-8eed35822da5;
                 https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/28427/",
  abstract =     "It is a commonplace that computer programming is hard,
                 especially when one aims at creating a program that is
                 correct. What kind of methods should be used to reach
                 that goal is the subject of heated debates. Our thesis
                 is a contribution to these discussions: To understand
                 what computer programming is, and how it should be
                 done, we propose to study how it is actually done that
                 is, to induce elements of method from factual
                 observation. Our thesis takes the form of a detailed
                 analysis, based on a careful reconstruction, of a
                 particular well-crafted computer program: the first
                 ALGOL 60 system, designed and implemented at the
                 Mathematical Center (now CWI) by E. W. Dijkstra and J.
                 A. Zonneveld, with the assistance of S. J. Christen and
                 M. J. H. R{\"o}mgens, on an Electrologica X1 computer.
                 It is divided into three main chapters. Chapter I
                 presents the two elements of the problem the
                 Mathematical Center team was facing, namely the ALGOL
                 60 language and the X1 computer. Chapter II discusses
                 the principles of its solution, explains the
                 implementation choices made by the Mathematical Center
                 team, and compares them to other possible choices.
                 Chapter III presents the details of the Mathematical
                 Center ALGOL 60 system, on an ISO C version of that
                 system, reverse engineered from its X1 assembler
                 source. This program is about 3000 lines long, and is
                 composed of 173 subroutines working on 57 global
                 variables. Finally, our conclusion, in the form of 17
                 theses and 4 hypotheses, indicates some lessons, in
                 particular on computer programming methods, that we
                 believe can be drawn from the analysis of that
                 particular computer program.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark-1 =     "Appendix A contains reproductions of the 1958, 1960,
                 and 1962 ALGOL reports.",
  remark-2 =     "PDF links embargoed to 15 February 2021",
  subject-dates = "Heinz Rutishauser (30 January 1918--10 November
                 1970)",
  xxauthor =     "Gauthier van den Hove [short form]",
}

@Article{Apt:2020:EDM,
  author =       "Krzysztof R. Apt",
  title =        "{Edsger Dijkstra}: the Man Who Carried Computer
                 Science on His Shoulders",
  journal =      "Inference",
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1--12",
  day =          "28",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2020",
  bibdate =      "Fri May 29 15:52:37 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dijkstra-edsger-w.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://docslib.org/download/111708/edsger-dijkstra-the-man-who-carried-computer-science-on-his-shoulders",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark-01 =    "From page: ``Yet, despite his achievements, Dijkstra
                 has always remained largely unknown outside computer
                 science. Eighteen years after his death, few people
                 have heard of him, even in his own country.''",
  remark-02 =    "From page 2: ``In 1959, dijkstra began writing a
                 series of private reports. Consecutively numbered and
                 with his initials as a prefix, they became known as
                 EWDs. He continued writing these reports for more than
                 forty years. The final EWD, number 1,318, is dated
                 April 14, 2002. In total, the EWDs amount to over 7,700
                 pages. \ldots{} The EWDs were initially written in
                 Dutch using a typewriter. In 1972, Dijkstra switched to
                 writing exclusively in English, and in 1979 he began
                 writing them mostly by hand. \ldots{} This way of
                 reporting research was, in fact, common during the
                 eighteenth century. In the twentieth century it was a
                 disarming anachronism. Nevertheless, it worked. In
                 EWD1000, dated January 11, 1987, Dijkstra recounts
                 being told by readers that they possessed a sixth or
                 seventh generation copy of EWD249 [\booktitle{Notes on
                 structured programming}].''",
  remark-03 =    "From page 2: ``Despite a worldwide search, a number of
                 EWDs from the period prior to 1968 have never been
                 found. Other missing entries in the numbering scheme
                 were, by Dijkstra's own admission, `occupied by
                 documents that I failed to complete.'.''",
  remark-04 =    "From page 2: ``[the paper] \booktitle{A Note on Two
                 Problems in Connexion with Graphs} remains one of the
                 most highly cited papers in computer science, while
                 Dijkstra's algorithm has become indispensable in GPS
                 navigation systems for computing the shortest route
                 between two locations.``",
  remark-05 =    "From pages 2--3: ``Over a period of eight months
                 beginning in December 1959, Dijkstra wrote an ALGOL 60
                 compiler with Jaap Zonneveld. 14 Theirs was the first
                 compiler for this new and highly innovative programming
                 language. It was a remarkable achievement. In order to
                 write the compiler, several challenges had to be
                 overcome. The most obvious problem the pair faced was
                 that the machine designated to run the software, the
                 Dutch Electrologica X1 computer, had a memory of only
                 4,096 words.''",
  remark-06 =    "From page 3: ``In 1968, Dijkstra suffered a long, deep
                 depression that persisted for almost half a year.
                 \ldots{} A year later, the appearance of the 87-page
                 EWD249, \booktitle{Notes on Structured Programming},
                 marked the end of Dijkstra's depression. The subject of
                 the EWD was so novel, the writing so engaging, and the
                 new term `structured programming' so convincing that
                 the report became a huge success.''",
  remark-07 =    "From page 4: ``In 1974, Dijkstra published a two-page
                 article in which he introduced a new concept:
                 self-stabilization. \ldots{} the paper was completely
                 ignored until 1983, when Leslie Lamport stressed its
                 importance in an invited talk. In time, the ideas
                 outlined by Dijkstra would lead to the emergence of a
                 whole new area in distributed computing with its own
                 annual workshops and conferences. In 2002, the paper
                 won an award that was posthumously renamed the Edsger
                 W. Dijkstra Prize in Distributed Computing.''",
  remark-08 =    "From page 5: ``In 2009, EWD975 [a generalization of
                 the Pythagorean Theorem] was republished posthumously
                 by \booktitle{Nieuw Archief voor Wiskunde (New Archive
                 for Mathematics)}, the magazine of the Royal Dutch
                 Mathematical Association.''",
  remark-09 =    "From page 6: ``The period that followed [his sixtieth
                 birthday] was marked by a visible change in Dijkstra's
                 attitude and approach to his work. In the remaining
                 twelve years of his life, despite producing about 250
                 new EWDs, he published almost nothing.''",
  remark-10 =    "From page 6: ``In early 2002, Dijkstra returned to
                 Nuenen, incurably ill with cancer. \ldots{} He also
                 gave me a copy of EWD1318, \booktitle{Coxeter's
                 Rabbit}, dated April 14, 2002, mentioning that it would
                 be his final report. Dijkstra passed away a month
                 later.''",
  remark-11 =    "From page 8: ``He never had a secretary; he typed or
                 wrote all his publications himself. Most were entirely
                 his own work and even the few that listed coauthors
                 were clearly written by Dijkstra, or in his style.
                 After 1979, he preferred to write by hand using a
                 Montblanc fountain pen. His writing style became so
                 recognizable among computer scientists in the 1980s
                 that a fellow academic, Luca Cardelli, designed a
                 Dijkstra font \ldots{}''",
  remark-12 =    "From page 8: ``It seems Dijkstra never applied for any
                 grants --- though he did receive at least one, to
                 employ a PhD student --- nor did he bring any money, in
                 the form of research contracts, to the institutions he
                 worked for. He also never purchased a computer.
                 Eventually, in the late 1980s, he was given one as a
                 gift by a computer company, but never used it for word
                 processing.''",
  remark-13 =    "From page 8: ``He also found it difficult to browse
                 articles in his field to form an idea of their contents
                 and seemed uninterested in tracking down and studying
                 the relevant literature. For the most part, he followed
                 the recommendations of his close colleagues and only
                 studied the papers they suggested. As a result, his own
                 papers often had very few, if any, bibliographic
                 entries.''",
  remark-14 =    "From page 9: ``Dijkstra's sense of humor was, at
                 turns, wry and terse. I once asked him how many PhD
                 students he had. `Two,' he replied, before adding,
                 `Einstein had none.'\,''",
  remark-15 =    "From page 9: ``Dijkstra and Zonneveld's ALGOL 60
                 compiler is rightly recognized as a milestone in the
                 history of computer science -- albeit more so in Europe
                 than elsewhere. An entire PhD thesis was recently
                 devoted to its reconstruction and a detailed
                 analysis.'' [\cite{vandenHovedErtsenryck:2019:NIO}]",
  xxremark =     "PDF document [12 pages] fails to download.",
}

@Article{Bright:2020:ODP,
  author =       "Walter Bright and Andrei Alexandrescu and Michael
                 Parker",
  title =        "Origins of the {D} programming language",
  journal =      j-PACMPL,
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "HOPL",
  pages =        "73:1--73:38",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2020",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3386323",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 7 17:39:13 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/java2020.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pacmpl.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unicode.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3386323",
  abstract =     "As its name suggests, the initial motivation for the D
                 programming language was to improve on C and C++ while
                 keeping their spirit. The D language was to preserve
                 those languages' efficiency, low-level access, and
                 Algol-style syntax. The areas D set out to improve
                 focused initially on rapid development, convenience,
                 and simplifying the syntax without hampering
                 expressiveness.\par

                 The genesis of D has its peculiarities, as is the case
                 with many other languages. Walter Bright, D's creator,
                 is a mechanical engineer by education who started out
                 working for Boeing designing gearboxes for the 757. He
                 was programming games on the side, and in trying to
                 make his game Empire run faster, became interested in
                 compilers. Despite having no experience, Bright set out
                 in 1982 to implement a compiler that produced better
                 code than those on the market at the time.\par

                 This interest materialized into a C compiler, followed
                 by compilers for C++, Java, and JavaScript. Best known
                 of these would be the Zortech C++ compiler, the first
                 (and to date only) C++-to-native compiler developed by
                 a single person. The D programming language began in
                 1999 as an effort to pull the best features of these
                 languages into a new one. Fittingly, D would use the by
                 that time mature C/C++ back end (optimizer and code
                 generator) that had been under continued development
                 and maintenance since 1982.\par

                 Between 1999 and 2006, Bright worked alone on the D
                 language definition and its implementation, although a
                 steadily increasing volume of patches from users was
                 incorporated. The new language would be based on the
                 past successes of the languages he'd used and
                 implemented, but would be clearly looking to the
                 future. D started with choices that are obvious today
                 but were less clear winners back in the 1990s: full
                 support for Unicode, IEEE floating point, 2s complement
                 arithmetic, and flat memory addressing (memory is
                 treated as a linear address space with no
                 segmentation). It would do away with certain
                 compromises from past languages imposed by shortages of
                 memory (for example, forward declarations would not be
                 required). It would primarily appeal to C and C++
                 users, as expertise with those languages would be
                 readily transferable. The interface with C was designed
                 to be zero cost.\par

                 The language design was begun in late 1999. An alpha
                 version appeared in 2001 and the initial language was
                 completed, somewhat arbitrarily, at version 1.0 in
                 January 2007. During that time, the language evolved
                 considerably, both in capability and in the accretion
                 of a substantial worldwide community that became
                 increasingly involved with contributing. The front end
                 was open-sourced in April 2002, and the back end was
                 donated by Symantec to the open source community in
                 2017. Meanwhile, two additional open-source back ends
                 became mature in the 2010s: `gdc` (using the same back
                 end as the GNU C++ compiler) and `ldc` (using the LLVM
                 back end).\par

                 The increasing use of the D language in the 2010s
                 created an impetus for formalization and development
                 management. To that end, the D Language Foundation was
                 created in September 2015 as a nonprofit corporation
                 overseeing work on D's definition and implementation,
                 publications, conferences, and collaborations with
                 universities.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "73",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages",
  journal-URL =  "https://pacmpl.acm.org/",
}

@Misc{Brock:2020:DDR,
  author =       "David C. Brock",
  title =        "Discovering {Dennis Ritchie}'s Lost Dissertation",
  howpublished = "Web site",
  pages =        "??",
  day =          "19",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2020",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jun 19 17:13:11 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unix.bib",
  URL =          "https://computerhistory.org/blog/discovering-dennis-ritchies-lost-dissertation/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Dennis Ritchie completed a doctoral dissertation at
                 Harvard in the 1960s (possibly in 1966 or 1967: see
                 \cite{Meyer:1967:CLP}), but never received a degree
                 because he did not submit a bound copy to the Harvard
                 Library. The end of this Web site has links to two
                 copies of the dissertation, one badly damaged, and
                 neither dated.",
  subject-dates = "Dennis M. Ritchie (9 September 1941--12 October
                 2011)",
}

@Article{Mody:2020:BRS,
  author =       "Cyrus C. M. Mody",
  title =        "Book Review: {Subrata Dasgupta. \booktitle{The Second
                 Age of Computer Science: From Algol Genes to Neural
                 Nets}}",
  journal =      j-ISIS,
  volume =       "111",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "439--440",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2020",
  CODEN =        "ISISA4",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1086/709159",
  ISSN =         "0021-1753 (print), 1545-6994 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0021-1753",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 8 18:46:57 MDT 2020",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/isis2020.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Isis",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/loi/isis",
}

@Article{Nofre:2021:PEP,
  author =       "David Nofre",
  title =        "The Politics of Early Programming Languages: {IBM} and
                 the {Algol Project}",
  journal =      j-HIST-STUD-NAT-SCI,
  volume =       "51",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "379--??",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "2021",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2021.51.3.379",
  ISSN =         "1939-1811 (print), 1939-182X (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1939-182X",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 18 07:48:18 MDT 2022",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/hsns.bib",
  URL =          "https://online.ucpress.edu/hsns/article/51/3/379/117357/The-Politics-of-Early-Programming-LanguagesIBM-and",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences",
  journal-URL =  "https://online.ucpress.edu/hsns/issue/browse-by-year",
}

@Article{Korner:2022:FYP,
  author =       "Philipp K{\"o}rner and Michael Leuschel and Jo{\~a}o
                 Barbosa and V{\'\i}tor Santos Costa and Ver{\'o}nica
                 Dahl and Manuel Hermenegildo and Jose Morales and Jan
                 Wielemaker and Daniel Diaz and Salvador Abreu and
                 Giovanni Ciatto",
  title =        "Fifty years of {Prolog} and beyond",
  journal =      j-THEORY-PRACT-LOG-PROGRAM,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "776--858",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "2022",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1017/S1471068422000102",
  ISSN =         "1471-0684 (print), 1475-3081 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1471-0684",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 28 13:29:10 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-cwi # " and " # ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Theory Pract. Log. Program.",
  fjournal =     "Theory and Practice of Logic Programming",
  journal-URL =  "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/theory-and-practice-of-logic-programming",
}

@Article{Castellan:2023:GCM,
  author =       "Simon Castellan and Pierre Clairambault",
  title =        "The Geometry of Causality: Multi-token Geometry of
                 Interaction and Its Causal Unfolding",
  journal =      j-PACMPL,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "POPL",
  pages =        "24:1--24:??",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "????",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1145/3571217",
  ISSN =         "2475-1421 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2475-1421",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 17 09:16:16 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/pacmpl.bib",
  URL =          "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3571217",
  abstract =     "We introduce a multi-token machine for Idealized
                 Parallel Algol (IPA), a higher-order concurrent
                 programming language with shared state and semaphores.
                 Our \ldots{}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  articleno =    "24",
  fjournal =     "Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages
                 (PACMPL)",
  journal-URL =  "https://dl.acm.org/loi/pacmpl",
}

@Article{Reinsch:2023:SVD,
  author =       "Christian Reinsch and Mathias Richter",
  title =        "Singular value decomposition in extended double
                 precision arithmetic",
  journal =      j-NUMER-ALGORITHMS,
  volume =       "93",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1137--1155",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "2023",
  CODEN =        "NUALEG",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11075-022-01459-9",
  ISSN =         "1017-1398 (print), 1572-9265 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "1017-1398",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 8 10:00:53 MDT 2023",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/golub-gene-h.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wilkinson-james-hardy.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/numeralgorithms.bib",
  URL =          "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11075-022-01459-9",
  abstract =     "A well-known and successful algorithm to compute the
                 singular value decomposition (SVD) of a matrix was
                 published by Golub and Reinsch (Numer. Math.
                 14:403--420, 1970), together with an implementation in
                 Algol. We give an updated implementation in extended
                 double precision arithmetic in the C programming
                 language. Extended double precision is native for Intel
                 x86 processors and provides improved accuracy at full
                 hardware speed. The complete program for computing the
                 SVD is listed. Additionally, a comprehensive
                 explanation of the original algorithm of Golub and
                 Reinsch (Numer. Math. 14:403--420, 1970) is given at an
                 elementary level without referring to the more general
                 results of Francis (Comput. J. 4:265--271, 1961,
                 1962).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  ajournal =     "Numer. Algorithms",
  author-dates = "Christian H. Reinsch (?? ?? 1932--8 October 2022)",
  fjournal =     "Numerical Algorithms",
  journal-URL =  "http://link.springer.com/journal/11075",
}

@Misc{Anonymous:2025:AFE,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "An {Algol 68} front end for {GCC}",
  howpublished = "Web site",
  pages =        "??",
  day =          "1",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2025",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 15:59:39 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://lwn.net/Articles/1003916/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@InProceedings{Lakshana:2025:LML,
  author =       "Lakshana T H and Nikitha T and Laisha S L and Praveen
                 Sharma and Vineet Jain and Madhu Prakash T P and
                 Prashanth B S and Manoj Kumar M V",
  booktitle =    "2025 International Conference on Communication,
                 Computer, and Information Technology {(IC3IT)}",
  title =        "Leveraging Modern Languages for Developing System
                 Software on {ClearPath} {MCP}: Comparative Study of
                 {Python} Integration with {ALGOL}",
  publisher =    pub-IEEE,
  address =      pub-IEEE:adr,
  pages =        "1--10",
  year =         "2025",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1109/IC3IT66137.2025.11340916",
  ISBN-13 =      "979-83-315-2484-5, 979-83-315-2484-5",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jun 4 14:51:26 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  book-DOI =     "https://doi.org/10.1109/IC3IT66137.2025",
  keywords =     "Aging; ALGOL; ClearPath; Codes; Industries;
                 Information technology; Market research; MCP; Modern
                 Languages; Operating systems; Performance metrics;
                 Python; Software reliability; System Software;
                 Technological innovation",
}

@Misc{Marchesi:2025:AFE,
  author =       "Jose E. Marchesi",
  title =        "{Algol 68} Front End",
  howpublished = "Web site",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "2025",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 15:56:35 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Algol68FrontEnd",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Book{Marchesi:2025:GAC,
  author =       "Jose E. Marchesi",
  title =        "The {GNU Algol 68} Compiler",
  publisher =    "Free Software Foundation, Inc.",
  address =      "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  pages =        "iv + 74",
  year =         "2025",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 17:18:38 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  shorttableofcontents = "1 Invoking ga68 / 1 \\
                 2 Composing programs / 4 \\
                 3 Foreign Function Interface / 15 \\
                 4 Comments and pragmats / 18 \\
                 5 Hardware representation / 20 \\
                 6 Standard prelude / 29 \\
                 7 Extended prelude / 43 \\
                 8 POSIX prelude / 45 \\
                 9 Language extensions / 50 \\
                 GNU General Public License / 52 \\
                 GNU Free Documentation License / 63 \\
                 Option Index / 71 Index / 72",
}

@Misc{McJones:2026:HA,
  author =       "Paul McJones",
  title =        "History of {ALGOL}",
  howpublished = "Web site",
  pages =        "??",
  day =          "2",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2026",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 18 15:32:15 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  note =         "This useful site has clearly been in progress for some
                 time, and contains many links to publications about the
                 development of the Algol language family.",
  URL =          "https://softwarepreservation.computerhistory.org/ALGOL/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{SPG:2026:AID,
  author =       "{Software Preservation Group}",
  title =        "{ALGOL 68} implementations and dialects",
  howpublished = "Computer History Museum Web site",
  pages =        "??",
  day =          "2",
  month =        may,
  year =         "2026",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 20 06:43:06 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://softwarepreservation.computerhistory.org/ALGOL/algol68impl.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{SPG:2026:ALT,
  author =       "{Software Preservation Group}",
  key =          "Algol 60; Algol 68",
  title =        "Applications, libraries, and test suites",
  howpublished = "Computer History Museum Web site",
  pages =        "??",
  day =          "27",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "2026",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 20 06:45:35 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://softwarepreservation.computerhistory.org/ALGOL/applications.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Misc{Bulyonkov:20xx:AYU,
  author =       "Mikhail A. Bulyonkov and Alexandre F. Rar and Andrey
                 N. Terekhov",
  title =        "{Algol 68} --- 25 Years in the {USSR}",
  howpublished = "Russian Virtual Computer Museum Web site",
  pages =        "??",
  year =         "20xx",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 20 06:41:00 2026",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/algol68.bib",
  URL =          "https://www.computer-museum.ru/english/algol68.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}