\chapter{The \cls{amsart} and \cls{amsbook} document classes}

\section{Shared features}
\subsection{Intended use}
The intended use of the \cls{amsart} and \cls{amsbook} document
classes is for articles and books submitted for publication to the
American Mathematical Society. Detailed information/instructions about
the electronic submission process can be found in \booktitle{Instructions
for preparing electronic manuscripts---\amslatex/}
\cite{author-guidelines}.

\subsection{Variant versions of automatically generated text}

If the base language of an article is some language other than
English, the user may wish to change some pieces of text that are
generated automatically. To change ``Abstract'' to ``R\'esum\'e'',
use \cn{renewcommand} to redefine \cn{abstractname}:
\begin{verbatim}
\renewcommand{\abstractname}{R\'esum\'e}
\end{verbatim}
The user can change the following in the same way:
\begin{verbatim}
\abstractname   Abstract
\partname       Part
\indexname      Index
\figurename     Figure
\tablename      Table
\proofname      Proof
\refname        References
\appendixname   Appendix
\tocname        Contents
\end{verbatim}
This also allows the user to substitute, e.g., ``Diagram'' instead of
``Figure'' for the labels of figure environments. In the \cls{amsbook}
style, there are some additional names available for changing:
\begin{verbatim}
\chaptername    Chapter
\listfigurename List of Figures
\listtablename  List of Tables
\bibname        Bibliography
\end{verbatim}
(The environment \env{thebibliography} uses \cn{bibname} in the
\cls{amsbook} style, and \cn{refname} in the \cls{amsart} style.)

\subsection{Size-changing commands}

In the AMS document classes the range of typesize changing commands is
filled out to eleven: five large\slash huge commands and five
small\slash tiny commands, in addition to \cn{normalsize}. Following the
conventions of the large\slash huge commands, the small\slash tiny
commands are \cn{small}, \cn{Small}, \cn{SMALL}, \cn{tiny}, \cn{Tiny},
and the corresponding sizes (for a main document size of 10pt) are 9, 8,
7, 6, 5.

(Although the capitalization of the command names suggests that there
should actually be thirteen---adding \cn{TINY} and \cn{HUGE}---they are
conservatively omitted for the time being in the absence of evidence
that a real need for them exists. In practice, the \latex/ command
\cn{fontsize} is likely to be needed anyway for obtaining extreme font
sizes, because of the greater control and flexibility it provides.)

Note that this means \cn{tiny}, which formerly produced 5-point type,
now produces 6-point. This seems to be unavoidable if the naming
conventions are to be followed. In compatibility mode \cn{tiny} is
equated to \cn{Tiny}, leaving no dedicated command for the 6-point size;
but that was the situation in version 1.1 anyway.

The AMS document classes also provide a couple of \emph{relative}
size-changing commands, with the obvious names of \cn{larger} and
\cn{smaller}. These change the font size to the next larger or smaller
size in a progression that is defined by the document class. The AMS
classes use a progression that matches the standard \tex/ magstep
progression, to ensure font availability at the various sizes even for
users who don't have scalable font capabilities (PostScript, TrueType,
etc.\@) on their system. The \cn{larger} and \cn{smaller} commands take
an optional argument to specify increasing or decreasing by more steps:
|\larger[3]| means go up three sizes from the current font size.

\subsection{Package options}

The AMS document classes support the following options.
\begin{description}
\item[\opt{letterpaper}] Set paper size to US letter (8.5 x 11 inches).
\item[\opt{legalpaper}] Set paper size to US legal (8.5 x 14 inches).
\item[\opt{a4paper}] Set paper size to A4 (210 x 297 mm).
\item[\opt{landscape}] Switch orientation (swap paper height and width).
\item[\opt{portrait}] Normal orientation.
\item[\opt{oneside}] Format for one-sided printing (uniform margins and
running heads).
\item[\opt{twoside}] Format for two-sided printing (margins and
running heads vary on left-hand and right-hand pages).
\item[\opt{draft}] Mark overlong lines by black boxes.
\item[\opt{final}] Suppress black boxes.
\item[\opt{nomath}] Don't load the \pkg{amstex} package.
\item[\opt{noamsfonts}] Don't require the AMSFonts font set.
\item[\opt{psamsfonts}] Use variant font definitions for the AMSFonts
font set (see \secref{usepackage})
\item[\opt{leqno}] (default) Place equation numbers on the left.
\item[\opt{reqno}] Place equation numbers on the right.
\item[\opt{tbtags}] `Top-or-bottom tags': For a split equation, place
equation numbers level with the last (resp.\ first) line, if numbers are
on the right (resp.\ left).

\item[\opt{centertags}] (default) For a split equation, place equation
numbers vertically centered on the total height of the equation.
\item[\opt{fleqn}] Position equations at a fixed indent from the left
margin rather than centered in the text column. This option is typically
inherited from the documentclass, and so doesn't need to be specified
explicitly in the \cn{usepackage} command.

\item[\opt{10pt},\opt{8pt},\opt{9pt},\opt{11pt},\opt{12pt}] Specify the
main point size for the document.

\end{description}

\section{\cls{amsart}}

\subsection{Top matter}

We use the term ``top matter'' for the information found at the
beginning of an article, such as the title, author, addresses, and
abstract. Compared to the standard \cls{article} document class, the
\cls{amsart} document class has a significantly expanded top matter
section. \latex/'s \cls{article} style provides \cn{title}, \cn{author},
\cn{thanks}, \cn{date}, and an \env{abstract} environment. The complete
list of top matter commands provided by the \cls{amsart} style is:
\begin{ctab}{@{\hspace{1em}}lll}
\cn{title}&         \cn{keywords}&      \cn{author}\\
\cn{subjclass}&     \cn{address}&       \cn{curraddr}\\
\cn{email}&         \cn{translator}&    \cn{dedicatory}\\
\cn{thanks}&        \cn{date}\\
\end{ctab}

All of these commands should precede the \cn{maketitle} command. If
the \env{abstract} environment is used, it should follow
immediately after \cn{maketitle}. The address, current address, e-mail
address, and translator information print at the end of the document;
the key words, subject classification, and thanks information print as
footnotes at the bottom of the first page of the document.

An \cn{author} command should be used for each individual author, when
a paper has multiple authors. Things like \cn{address}, \cn{curraddr},
\cn{email}, and \cn{thanks} that pertain only to one author should be
placed after the \cn{author} command that they go with (and before any
other \cn{author} commands). The AMS custom is to list author names
in alphabetical order. (See \textbf{Author names and addresses} in
section \ref{s:variations} for further details.)

In giving an e-mail address remember that |@|\index{"@@\texttt{@@}
(at sign)} characters should be doubled in order for them to print
properly.

\subsection{Running heads}
Running heads on odd-numbered pages (right-hand pages) in the
\cls{amsart} style contain the text of the article title, and on
even-numbered pages they contain the author's name. If the title is
too long to fit within the page width, a shorter version for the
running head text can be specified with a square-bracket option of the
\cn{title} command:
\begin{verbatim}
\title[Short Version Here]{Long Version of the Title Here,\\
  Perhaps with Multiple Lines}
\end{verbatim}
The \cn{author} command also has the same kind of square-bracket option.

\section{\cls{amsbook}}
The \cls{amsbook} style has much in common with the \cls{amsart}
style; everything in the previous sections about \cls{amsart}
holds true for \cls{amsbook}, excepting some details
such as the placement of author addresses and other top matter
information.

\subsection{Front matter}
The ``top matter'' information for a book (more commonly called the
front matter, when discussing a book) is usually specially made up on
a title page, with the format varying widely from book to book.  In
the \cls{amsbook} design \cn{maketitle} produces a simple title page
with the title and author; subject classification numbers, abstract,
or key words, if supplied, will print on the following page.

\subsection{Running heads}
Right-hand running heads in the \cls{amsbook} style contain the text
of the current section heading; left-hand running heads contain the
current chapter title.  For special chapters such as a preface or
bibliography that don't have sections, the right running head will be
the same as the left. Square-bracket options can be used, as normal,
to change the text used for running heads.

\section{Variations from standard \latex/}\label{s:variations}

Variations from standard \latex/ in the \cls{amsart} and \cls{amsbook}
document classes that are simple additions (like |\subjclass| for
subject classification numbers) will not be pointed out in this section.
However, a couple of variations that involve contradictions of
statements in the \latex/ manual need to be noted.

\subsection{Starred forms of sectioning commands}

In the \cls{amsart} and \cls{amsbook} document classes starred forms of
the \cn{chapter} and \cn{section} commands produce a table of contents
entry.  This is a variation from standard \latex/ (see the \latex/
manual, \S C.3.1), but more in keeping with usual publishing practice.

\subsection{Author names and addresses}

The standard \latex/ format
for specifying the names and addresses of a document's authors is
this:
\begin{verbatim}
\author{First Author\\Address, Line 1\\Address, Line 2
  \and Second Author\\Address, Line 1\\Address, Line 2}
\end{verbatim}
In the \cls{amsart} and \cls{amsbook} document classes there is a
separate \cn{address} command for addresses, and the author names and
addresses are specified individually like all the other elements of
the top matter:
\begin{verbatim}
\author{First Author}
\address{Address, Line 1\\Address, Line 2}
...
\author{Second Author}
\address{Address, Line 1\\Address, Line 2}
\end{verbatim}
Addresses (including current address and e-mail address) will be
associated with the nearest preceding \cn{author} command to determine
where they should be printed.

\subsection{The \cn{appendix} command}

The standard \latex/ usage for the \cn{appendix} command is rather
peculiar and counter-intuitive. In the \cls{amsbook} document class
the \cn{appendix} command has its natural meaning: it is used in
place of \cn{chapter}, after the \cn{backmatter} command. In other
words, to produce two appendices, the document structure would be
\begin{verbatim}
...
\backmatter
\appendix{Title of first appendix}
Text text ...
...
\appendix{Title of second appendix}
Text text ...
...
\end{verbatim}

\subsection{The \cn{tiny} command}

The \cn{amsart} and \cls{amsbook} document classes provide a slightly
wider range of font size changing commands than most document classes,
and for the most part this involves no deviation from \latex/
conventions, but the \cn{tiny} command produces 6pt type instead of
5pt (when the main font size of the document is 10pt). If you really
need the 5pt size for some reason, you should use \cn{Tiny} instead of
\cn{tiny} to get it.

\chapter{Bibliography styles for use with \bibtex/}

The \amslatex/ distribution includes two \bibtex/ bibliography styles,
\bst{amsplain} and \bst{amsalpha}, analogous to the standard \latex/
\fn{plain} and \fn{alpha} bibliography styles. In the AMS styles an
extra field ``language'' is provided, for giving the original language
of a reference, as an indication to the reader that the title, author
name, and so on are translated.

Also included is a file \fn{mrabbrev.bib} containing standardized
abbreviations used by \journalname{Mathematical Reviews} for journal
names in the mathematical sciences and related fields. The full list is
too big to be handled by most current versions of \bibtex/, but authors
can use it as a resource, extracting abbreviations for the journals that
they cite in their personal bibliography database and adding them to
their database.

\endinput