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\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Barlow}{Barlow}{1974}]{Barlow:AB-22-876}
Barlow, G.~W. (1974).
\newblock Hexagonal territories.
\newblock {\em Anim. Behav.\/}~{\em 22}, 876--878.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Benhamou}{Benhamou}{1989}]{Benhamou:JTB-139-3%
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Benhamou, S. (1989).
\newblock An olfactory orientation model for mammals' movements in their home
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\newblock {\em J. Theor. Biol.\/}~{\em 139}, 379--388.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Bertram}{Bertram}{1978}]{Bertram:PL78}
Bertram, B. C.~R. (1978).
\newblock {\em Pride of lions}.
\newblock London: J.M. Dent.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Buckley and Buckley}{Buckley and
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Buckley, P.~A. and F.~G. Buckley (1977).
\newblock Hexagonal packing of royal tern nests.
\newblock {\em Auk\/}~{\em 94}, 36--43.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Caraco and Wolf}{Caraco and
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Caraco, T. and L.~L. Wolf (1975).
\newblock Ecological determinants of group sizes of foraging lions.
\newblock {\em Am. Nat.\/}~{\em 109}, 343--352.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Carr and Macdonald}{Carr and
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Carr, G.~M. and D.~W. Macdonald (1986).
\newblock The sociality of solitary foragers: a model based on resource
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\newblock {\em Anim. Behav.\/}~{\em 34}, 1540--1549.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Covich}{Covich}{1976}]{Covich:ARE-7-235}
Covich, A.~P. (1976).
\newblock Analysing shapes of foraging areas: some ecological and economical
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\newblock {\em Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.\/}~{\em 7}, 235--257.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Frame, Malcolm, Frame, and Van~Lawick}{Frame
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Frame, L.~H., J.~R. Malcolm, G.~W. Frame, and H.~Van~Lawick (1979).
\newblock Social organization of {A}frican wild dogs {\em {l}ycaon pictus} on
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\newblock {\em Zeit. Tierpsychol.\/}~{\em 50}, 225--249.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Fritts and Mech}{Fritts and
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Fritts, S.~H. and L.~D. Mech (1981).
\newblock Dynamics, movements, and feeding ecology of a newly protected wolf
  population in northwestern minnesota.
\newblock {\em Wildlife Monographs\/}~{\em 80}, 1--77.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Gr{\"{u}}nbaum and Okubo}{Gr{\"{u}}nbaum and
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Gr{\"{u}}nbaum, D. and A.~Okubo (1990).
\newblock Modelling social animal aggregations.
\newblock In S.~A. Levin (Ed.), {\em Frontiers in Mathematical Biology,
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\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Holgate}{Holgate}{1971}]{Holgate:ISS-2-1}
Holgate, P. (1971).
\newblock Random walk models for animal behavior.
\newblock In G.~P. Patil, C.~Pielou, and W.~W. E. (Eds.), {\em Statistical
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\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Holling}{Holling}{1966}]{Holling:MESC-66-1}
Holling, C.~S. (1966).
\newblock The functional response of invertebrate predators to prey density.
\newblock {\em Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada\/}~{\em 48},
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\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Holmes, Lewis, Banks, and Veit}{Holmes
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Holmes, E.~E., M.~A. Lewis, J.~E. Banks, and R.~R. Veit (1994).
\newblock Partial differential equations in ecology: {S}patial interactions and
  population dynamics.
\newblock {\em Ecology\/}~{\em 75}, 17--29.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Kruuk}{Kruuk}{1972}]{Kruuk:SPS72}
Kruuk, H. (1972).
\newblock {\em The Spotted Hyena: a Study of Predation and Social Behavior}.
\newblock Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Kruuk}{Kruuk}{1989}]{Kruuk:SBE89}
Kruuk, H. (1989).
\newblock {\em The Social Badger: Ecology and Behaviour of a Group-living
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\newblock Oxford: Oxford University Press.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Lewis and Murray}{Lewis and
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Lewis, M.~A. and J.~D. Murray (1993).
\newblock Modelling territoriality and wolf-deer interactions.
\newblock {\em Nature\/}~{\em 366}, 738--740.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Macdonald}{Macdonald}{1983}]{Macdonald:N-301-%
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Macdonald, D.~W. (1983).
\newblock The ecology of carnivore social behavior.
\newblock {\em Nature\/}~{\em 301}, 379--384.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Macdonald}{Macdonald}{1985}]{Macdonald:SOM85}
Macdonald, D.~W. (1985).
\newblock The carnivores: order {\em {c}arnivora}.
\newblock In R.~E. Brown and D.~W. Macdonald (Eds.), {\em Social Odours in
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\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Mech}{Mech}{1991}]{Mech:WOW91}
Mech, D.~L. (1991).
\newblock {\em The Way of The Wolf}.
\newblock Stillwater, Minnesota: Voyageur Press.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Mech}{Mech}{1966}]{Mech:WIR66}
Mech, L.~D. (1966).
\newblock {\em The Wolves of Isle Royale}.
\newblock U.S. Natl. Park Serv. Fauna Ser. 7.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Mech}{Mech}{1970}]{Mech:WEB70}
Mech, L.~D. (1970).
\newblock {\em The Wolf: The Ecology and Behavior of an Endangered Species}.
\newblock Garden City, New York: The Natural History Press.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Mech}{Mech}{1973}]{Mech:WNI73}
Mech, L.~D. (1973).
\newblock Wolf numbers in the superior national forest of minnesota.
\newblock Technical report, US Forest Service Research Paper NC-97.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Mech}{Mech}{1977a}]{Mech:PPP75}
Mech, L.~D. (1977a).
\newblock Population trend and winter deer consumption in a {M}innesota wolf
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\newblock In R.~L. Phillips and C.~Jonkel (Eds.), {\em Proceedings of the 1975
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\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Mech}{Mech}{1977b}]{Mech:S-198-320}
Mech, L.~D. (1977b).
\newblock Wolf-pack buffer zones as prey reservoirs.
\newblock {\em Science\/}~{\em 198}, 320--321.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Merti-Millhollen, Goodman, and
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Merti-Millhollen, A.~S., P.~A. Goodman, and E.~Klinghammer (1986).
\newblock Wolf scent marking with raised leg urination.
\newblock {\em Zoo Biology\/}~{\em 5}, 7--20.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Messier}{Messier}{1985}]{Messier:CJZ-85-1068}
Messier, F. (1985).
\newblock Social organization, spatial distribution, and population density of
  wolves in relation to moose density.
\newblock {\em Can. J. Zool.\/}~{\em 85}, 1068--1077.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Mills}{Mills}{1990}]{Mills:KHB90}
Mills, M. G.~L. (1990).
\newblock {\em Kalahari Hyaenas: the Behavioural Ecology of Two Species}.
\newblock London: Unwin Hyman.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Mimura and Kawasaki}{Mimura and
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Mimura, M. and K.~Kawasaki (1980).
\newblock Spatial segregation in competitive interaction- diffusion equations.
\newblock {\em J. Math. Biol.\/}~{\em 9}, 49--64.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Moehlman}{Moehlman}{1983}]{Moehlman:SSG83}
Moehlman, P.~D. (1983).
\newblock Socioecology of silverbacked and golden jackals {\em {c}anis
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\newblock In J.~F. Eisenberg and D.~G. Kleinman (Eds.), {\em Recent advances in
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\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Murray}{Murray}{1989}]{Murray:MB89}
Murray, J.~D. (1989).
\newblock {\em Mathematical Biology}.
\newblock Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Okubo}{Okubo}{1980}]{Okubo:DEP80}
Okubo, A. (1980).
\newblock {\em Diffusion and Ecological Problems: Mathematical Models}.
\newblock Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Peters and Mech}{Peters and
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Peters, R.~P. and L.~D. Mech (1975).
\newblock Scent-marking in wolves.
\newblock {\em Amer. Sci.\/}~{\em 63}, 628--637.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Rodman}{Rodman}{1981}]{Rodman:AN-118-275}
Rodman, P.~S. (1981).
\newblock Inclusive fitness and group size with a reconsideration of group
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\newblock {\em Am. Nat.\/}~{\em 118}, 275--188.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Rothman and Mech}{Rothman and
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Rothman, R.~J. and L.~D. Mech (1979).
\newblock Scent marking in lone wolves and newly formed pairs.
\newblock {\em Anim. Behav.\/}, 750--760.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Schaller}{Schaller}{1972}]{Schaller:SLS72}
Schaller, G.~B. (1972).
\newblock {\em The Serengeti Lion: a Study of Predator-prey Relations}.
\newblock Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Shigesada, Kawasaki, and Teramoto}{Shigesada
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Shigesada, N., K.~Kawasaki, and E.~Teramoto (1979).
\newblock Spatial segregation of interacting species.
\newblock {\em J. Theor. Biol.\/}~{\em 79}, 83--99.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Siniff and Jessen}{Siniff and
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Siniff, D.~B. and C.~R. Jessen (1969).
\newblock A simulation model of animal movement patterns.
\newblock {\em Adv. Ecol. Res.\/}~{\em 6}, 185--219.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Smoller}{Smoller}{1982}]{Smoller:swr82}
Smoller, J. (1982).
\newblock {\em Shock {W}aves and {R}eaction-{D}iffusion {E}quations}.
\newblock Berlin: Springer Verlag.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Taylor and Pekins}{Taylor and
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Taylor, R.~J. and P.~J. Pekins (1991).
\newblock Territory boundary avoidance as a stabilizing factor in wolf-deer
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\newblock {\em Theor. Pop. Biol.\/}~{\em 39}, 115--128.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Van~Ballenberghe, Erickson, and
  Byman}{Van~Ballenberghe et~al.}{1975}]{VanBallenberghe:WM-43-1}
Van~Ballenberghe, V., A.~W. Erickson, and D.~Byman (1975).
\newblock Ecology of the timber wolf in northeastern minnesota.
\newblock {\em Wildlife Monographs\/}~{\em 43}, 1--43.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{White, Lewis, and Murray}{White
  et~al.}{1996}]{White:SM}
White, K. A.~J., M.~A. Lewis, and J.~D. Murray (1996).
\newblock A model for wolf-pack territory formation and maintenance.
\newblock {\em J. Theor. Biol.\/}~{\em 178}, 29--43.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{White, Murray, and Lewis}{White
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White, K. A.~J., J.~D. Murray, and M.~A. Lewis (1996).
\newblock Wolf-deer interactions: a mathematical model.
\newblock {\em Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B\/}~{\em 263}, 299--305.

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