# bibtab

bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Dorato:1995:TRS
author: Mauro Dorato
title: Time and reality: spacetime physics and the objectivity of temporal becoming
volume: 11
publisher: CLUEB
address: Bologna
pages: xiii + 235
year: 1995
ISBN: 88-8091-172-4 OR 8880911724
ISBN13: 978-88-8091-172-2 OR 9788880911722
LCCN: QC6.4.R42 D67 1995
bibdate: Wed Jun 6 08:25:49 MDT 2012
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2012.06.06 08:25:49 MDT
series: Collana di studi epistemologici
subject: physics; philosophy; reality; space and time; time; history
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Mauro Dorato
rawtitle: Time and reality: spacetime physics and the objectivity of temporal becoming
TOC:
The A B C of time Semantical and ontological realism The instant view of reality The empty view of the future The half-full view of the future The full view of the future On defining ontological determinateness and determinedness Determinateness, determinedness and the tree model of reality The status of temporal becoming and Godel's argument from special relativity The relativistic instant view of reality The relativistic non-full views of the future Two dilemmas of relativistic temporal becoming Cosmic time and temporal becoming

rawTOC:
The A B C of time \\ Semantical and ontological realism \\ The instant view of reality \\ The empty view of the future \\ The half-full view of the future \\ The full view of the future \\ On defining ontological determinateness and determinedness \\ Determinateness, determinedness and the tree model of reality \\ The status of temporal becoming and G{\"o}del's argument from special relativity \\ The relativistic instant view of reality \\ The relativistic non-full views of the future \\ Two dilemmas of relativistic temporal becoming \\ Cosmic time and temporal becoming

entry:
@Book{Dorato:1995:TRS,
  author =       "Mauro Dorato",
  title =        "Time and reality: spacetime physics and the
                 objectivity of temporal becoming",
  volume =       "11",
  publisher =    "CLUEB",
  address =      "Bologna",
  pages =        "xiii + 235",
  year =         "1995",
  ISBN =         "88-8091-172-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-88-8091-172-2",
  LCCN =         "QC6.4.R42 D67 1995",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 6 08:25:49 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Collana di studi epistemologici",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "physics; philosophy; reality; space and time; time;
                 history",
  tableofcontents = "The A B C of time \\
                 Semantical and ontological realism \\
                 The instant view of reality \\
                 The empty view of the future \\
                 The half-full view of the future \\
                 The full view of the future \\
                 On defining ontological determinateness and
                 determinedness \\
                 Determinateness, determinedness and the tree model of
                 reality \\
                 The status of temporal becoming and G{\"o}del's
                 argument from special relativity \\
                 The relativistic instant view of reality \\
                 The relativistic non-full views of the future \\
                 Two dilemmas of relativistic temporal becoming \\
                 Cosmic time and temporal becoming",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Peskin:1995:IQF
author: Michael Edward Peskin and Daniel V. Schroeder
title: An introduction to quantum field theory
publisher: pub-AW
address: pub-AW:adr
pages: xxii + 842
year: 1995
ISBN: 0-201-50397-2, 0-201-50934-2 (paperback) OR 0201503972, 0201509342 (paperback)
ISBN13: 978-0-201-50397-5, 978-0-201-50934-2 (paperback) OR 9780201503975, 9780201509342 (paperback)
LCCN: QC174.45 .P465 1995b; QC174.45 .P465 1995; QC174.45 .P48 1995
bibdate: Wed Aug 12 18:20:27 MDT 2009
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90
bibtimestamp: 2009.08.12 18:20:27 MDT
subject: quantum field theory; Feynman diagrams; renormalization (physics); gauge fields (physics)
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Michael Edward Peskin and Daniel V. Schroeder
rawtitle: An introduction to quantum field theory
TOC:
1. Pair Production in $e^+ e^-$ Annihilation 2. The Klein-Gordon Field 3. The Dirac Field 4. Interacting Fields and Feynman Diagrams 5. Elementary Processes of Quantum Electrodynamics 6. Radiative Corrections: Introduction 7. Radiative Corrections: Some Formal Developments 8. Ultraviolet Cutoffs and Critical Fluctuations 9. Functional Methods 10. Systematics of Renormalization 11. Renormalization and Symmetry 12. The Renormalization Group 13. Critical Exponents and Scalar Field Theory 14. The Parton Model of Hadron Structure 15. Non-Abelian Gauge Invariance 16. Quantization of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories 17. Quantum Chromodynamics 18. Operator Products and Effective Vertices 19. Perturbation Theory Anomalies 20. Gauge Theories with Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking 21. Quantization of Spontaneously Broken Gauge Theories 22. Quantum Field Theory at the Frontier Appendix: Reference Formulae

rawTOC:
1. Pair Production in $e^+ e^-$ Annihilation \\ 2. The Klein-Gordon Field \\ 3. The Dirac Field \\ 4. Interacting Fields and Feynman Diagrams \\ 5. Elementary Processes of Quantum Electrodynamics \\ 6. Radiative Corrections: Introduction \\ 7. Radiative Corrections: Some Formal Developments \\ 8. Ultraviolet Cutoffs and Critical Fluctuations \\ 9. Functional Methods \\ 10. Systematics of Renormalization \\ 11. Renormalization and Symmetry \\ 12. The Renormalization Group \\ 13. Critical Exponents and Scalar Field Theory \\ 14. The Parton Model of Hadron Structure \\ 15. Non-Abelian Gauge Invariance \\ 16. Quantization of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories \\ 17. Quantum Chromodynamics \\ 18. Operator Products and Effective Vertices \\ 19. Perturbation Theory Anomalies \\ 20. Gauge Theories with Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking \\ 21. Quantization of Spontaneously Broken Gauge Theories \\ 22. Quantum Field Theory at the Frontier \\ Appendix: Reference Formulae

entry:
@Book{Peskin:1995:IQF,
  author =       "Michael Edward Peskin and Daniel V. Schroeder",
  title =        "An introduction to quantum field theory",
  publisher =    pub-AW,
  address =      pub-AW:adr,
  pages =        "xxii + 842",
  year =         "1995",
  ISBN =         "0-201-50397-2, 0-201-50934-2 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-50397-5, 978-0-201-50934-2 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC174.45 .P465 1995b; QC174.45 .P465 1995; QC174.45
                 .P48 1995",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 12 18:20:27 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "quantum field theory; Feynman diagrams;
                 renormalization (physics); gauge fields (physics)",
  tableofcontents = "1. Pair Production in $e^+ e^-$ Annihilation \\
                 2. The Klein-Gordon Field \\
                 3. The Dirac Field \\
                 4. Interacting Fields and Feynman Diagrams \\
                 5. Elementary Processes of Quantum Electrodynamics \\
                 6. Radiative Corrections: Introduction \\
                 7. Radiative Corrections: Some Formal Developments \\
                 8. Ultraviolet Cutoffs and Critical Fluctuations \\
                 9. Functional Methods \\
                 10. Systematics of Renormalization \\
                 11. Renormalization and Symmetry \\
                 12. The Renormalization Group \\
                 13. Critical Exponents and Scalar Field Theory \\
                 14. The Parton Model of Hadron Structure \\
                 15. Non-Abelian Gauge Invariance \\
                 16. Quantization of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories \\
                 17. Quantum Chromodynamics \\
                 18. Operator Products and Effective Vertices \\
                 19. Perturbation Theory Anomalies \\
                 20. Gauge Theories with Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
                 \\
                 21. Quantization of Spontaneously Broken Gauge Theories
                 \\
                 22. Quantum Field Theory at the Frontier \\
                 Appendix: Reference Formulae",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Weinberg:1995:QTF
author: Steven Weinberg
title: The quantum theory of fields
publisher: pub-CAMBRIDGE
address: pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr
pages: xxvi + 609
year: 1995 -- 2000
LCCN: 27; BFJ; QC174.45 .W45 1995
bibdate: Wed Jul 28 16:16:05 MDT 2010
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE
bibtimestamp: 2010.07.28 16:16:05 MDT
subject: Quantum field theory
TOC: Vol. 1: Foundations Vol. 2: Modern applications Vol. 3: Supersymmetry
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Steven Weinberg
rawtitle: The quantum theory of fields
rawTOC: Vol. 1: Foundations \\ Vol. 2: Modern applications \\ Vol. 3: Supersymmetry
ISBN:
0-521-58555-4 (set: hardcover), 0-521-67056-X (set: paperback), 0-521-55001-7 (vol. 1: hardcover), 0-521-67053-5 (vol. 1: paperback), 0-521-55002-5 (vol. 2: hardcover), 0-521-67054-3 (vol. 2: paperback), 0-521-66000-9 (vol. 3: hardcover), 0-521-67055-1 (vol. 3: paperback) OR 0521585554 (set: hardcover), 052167056X (set: paperback), 0521550017 (vol. 1: hardcover), 0521670535 (vol. 1: paperback), 0521550025 (vol. 2: hardcover), 0521670543 (vol. 2: paperback), 0521660009 (vol. 3: hardcover), 0521670551 (vol. 3: paperback)

ISBN13:
978-0-521-58555-2 (set: hardcover), 978-0-521-67056-2 (set: paperback), 978-0-521-55001-7 (vol. 1: hardcover), 978-0-521-67053-1 (vol. 1: paperback), 978-0-521-55002-4 (vol. 2: hardcover), 978-0-521-67054-8 (vol. 2: paperback), 978-0-521-66000-6 (vol. 3: hardcover), 978-0-521-67055-5 (vol. 3: paperback) OR 9780521585552 (set: hardcover), 9780521670562 (set: paperback), 9780521550017 (vol. 1: hardcover), 9780521670531 (vol. 1: paperback), 9780521550024 (vol. 2: hardcover), 9780521670548 (vol. 2: paperback), 9780521660006 (vol. 3: hardcover), 9780521670555 (vol. 3: paperback)

URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam026/95002782.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam021/95002782.html

entry:
@Book{Weinberg:1995:QTF,
  author =       "Steven Weinberg",
  title =        "The quantum theory of fields",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xxvi + 609",
  year =         "1995--2000",
  ISBN =         "0-521-58555-4 (set: hardcover), 0-521-67056-X (set:
                 paperback), 0-521-55001-7 (vol. 1: hardcover),
                 0-521-67053-5 (vol. 1: paperback), 0-521-55002-5 (vol.
                 2: hardcover), 0-521-67054-3 (vol. 2: paperback),
                 0-521-66000-9 (vol. 3: hardcover), 0-521-67055-1 (vol.
                 3: paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-58555-2 (set: hardcover), 978-0-521-67056-2
                 (set: paperback), 978-0-521-55001-7 (vol. 1:
                 hardcover), 978-0-521-67053-1 (vol. 1: paperback),
                 978-0-521-55002-4 (vol. 2: hardcover),
                 978-0-521-67054-8 (vol. 2: paperback),
                 978-0-521-66000-6 (vol. 3: hardcover),
                 978-0-521-67055-5 (vol. 3: paperback)",
  LCCN =         "27; BFJ; QC174.45 .W45 1995",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 28 16:16:05 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam026/95002782.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam021/95002782.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Quantum field theory",
  tableofcontents = "Vol. 1: Foundations \\
                 Vol. 2: Modern applications \\
                 Vol. 3: Supersymmetry",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Dirac:1996:GTR
author: P. A. M. (Paul Adrien Maurice) Dirac
title: General Theory of Relativity
publisher: pub-PRINCETON
address: pub-PRINCETON:adr
pages: viii + 69
year: 1996
ISBN: 0-691-01146-X (paperback) OR 069101146X (paperback)
ISBN13: 978-0-691-01146-2 (paperback) OR 9780691011462 (paperback)
LCCN: QC173.6 .D57 1996
bibdate: Wed Dec 24 13:29:26 MST 2008
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2008.12.24 13:29:26 MST
series: Princeton landmarks in mathematics and physics; Princeton paperbacks
remark: Originally published: New York: Wiley, 1975.
subject: General relativity (Physics)
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
authordates: 1902--1984
rawauthor: P. A. M. (Paul Adrien Maurice) Dirac
rawtitle: {General Theory of Relativity}
URL:
http://press.princeton.edu/titles/5813.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/prin021/95046196.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/prin031/95046196.html

TOC:
1. Special Relativity / 1 2. Oblique Axes / 3 3. Curvilinear Coordinates / 5 4. Nontensors / 8 5. Curved Space / 9 6. Parallel Displacement / 10 7. Christoffel Symbols / 12 8. Geodesics / 14 9. The Stationary Property of Geodesics / 16 10. Covariant Differentiation / 17 11. The Curvature Tensor / 20 12. The Condition for Fiat Space / 22 13. The Bianci Relations / 23 14. The Ricci Tensor / 24 15. Einstein's Law of Gravitation / 25 16. The Newtonian Approximation / 26 17. The Gravitational Red Shift / 29 18. The Schwarzchild Solution / 30 19. Black Holes / 32 20. Tensor Densities / 36 21. Gauss and Stokes Theorems / 38 22. Harmonie Coordinates / 40 23. The Electromagnetic Field / 41 24. Modification of the Einstein Equations by the Presence of Matter / 43 25. The Material Energy Tensor / 45 26. The Gravitational Action Principle / 48 27. The Action for a Continuous Distribution of Matter / 50 28. The Action for the Electromagnetic Field / 54 29. The Action for Charged Matter / 55 30. The Comprehensive Action Principle / 58 31. The Pseudo-Energy Tensor of the Gravitational Field / 61 32. Explicit Expression for the Pseudo-Tensor / 63 33. Gravitational Waves / 64 34. The Polarization of Gravitational Waves / 66 35. The Cosmological Term / 68 Index / 71

rawTOC:
1. Special Relativity / 1 \\ 2. Oblique Axes / 3 \\ 3. Curvilinear Coordinates / 5 \\ 4. Nontensors / 8 \\ 5. Curved Space / 9 \\ 6. Parallel Displacement / 10 \\ 7. Christoffel Symbols / 12 \\ 8. Geodesics / 14 \\ 9. The Stationary Property of Geodesics / 16 \\ 10. Covariant Differentiation / 17 \\ 11. The Curvature Tensor / 20 \\ 12. The Condition for Fiat Space / 22 \\ 13. The Bianci Relations / 23 \\ 14. The Ricci Tensor / 24 \\ 15. Einstein's Law of Gravitation / 25 \\ 16. The Newtonian Approximation / 26 \\ 17. The Gravitational Red Shift / 29 \\ 18. The Schwarzchild Solution / 30 \\ 19. Black Holes / 32 \\ 20. Tensor Densities / 36 \\ 21. Gauss and Stokes Theorems / 38 \\ 22. Harmonie Coordinates / 40 \\ 23. The Electromagnetic Field / 41 \\ 24. Modification of the Einstein Equations by the Presence of Matter / 43 \\ 25. The Material Energy Tensor / 45 \\ 26. The Gravitational Action Principle / 48 \\ 27. The Action for a Continuous Distribution of Matter / 50 \\ 28. The Action for the Electromagnetic Field / 54 \\ 29. The Action for Charged Matter / 55 \\ 30. The Comprehensive Action Principle / 58 \\ 31. The Pseudo-Energy Tensor of the Gravitational Field / 61 \\ 32. Explicit Expression for the Pseudo-Tensor / 63 \\ 33. Gravitational Waves / 64 \\ 34. The Polarization of Gravitational Waves / 66 \\ 35. The Cosmological Term / 68 \\ Index / 71

entry:
@Book{Dirac:1996:GTR,
  author =       "P. A. M. (Paul Adrien Maurice) Dirac",
  title =        "{General Theory of Relativity}",
  publisher =    pub-PRINCETON,
  address =      pub-PRINCETON:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 69",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "0-691-01146-X (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-691-01146-2 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC173.6 .D57 1996",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 24 13:29:26 MST 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Princeton landmarks in mathematics and physics;
                 Princeton paperbacks",
  URL =          "http://press.princeton.edu/titles/5813.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/prin021/95046196.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/prin031/95046196.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1902--1984",
  remark =       "Originally published: New York: Wiley, 1975.",
  subject =      "General relativity (Physics)",
  tableofcontents = "1. Special Relativity / 1 \\
                 2. Oblique Axes / 3 \\
                 3. Curvilinear Coordinates / 5 \\
                 4. Nontensors / 8 \\
                 5. Curved Space / 9 \\
                 6. Parallel Displacement / 10 \\
                 7. Christoffel Symbols / 12 \\
                 8. Geodesics / 14 \\
                 9. The Stationary Property of Geodesics / 16 \\
                 10. Covariant Differentiation / 17 \\
                 11. The Curvature Tensor / 20 \\
                 12. The Condition for Fiat Space / 22 \\
                 13. The Bianci Relations / 23 \\
                 14. The Ricci Tensor / 24 \\
                 15. Einstein's Law of Gravitation / 25 \\
                 16. The Newtonian Approximation / 26 \\
                 17. The Gravitational Red Shift / 29 \\
                 18. The Schwarzchild Solution / 30 \\
                 19. Black Holes / 32 \\
                 20. Tensor Densities / 36 \\
                 21. Gauss and Stokes Theorems / 38 \\
                 22. Harmonie Coordinates / 40 \\
                 23. The Electromagnetic Field / 41 \\
                 24. Modification of the Einstein Equations by the
                 Presence of Matter / 43 \\
                 25. The Material Energy Tensor / 45 \\
                 26. The Gravitational Action Principle / 48 \\
                 27. The Action for a Continuous Distribution of Matter
                 / 50 \\
                 28. The Action for the Electromagnetic Field / 54 \\
                 29. The Action for Charged Matter / 55 \\
                 30. The Comprehensive Action Principle / 58 \\
                 31. The Pseudo-Energy Tensor of the Gravitational Field
                 / 61 \\
                 32. Explicit Expression for the Pseudo-Tensor / 63 \\
                 33. Gravitational Waves / 64 \\
                 34. The Polarization of Gravitational Waves / 66 \\
                 35. The Cosmological Term / 68 \\
                 Index / 71",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Hetherington:1996:HCG
author: Norriss S. Hetherington and Edwin Powell Hubble
title: Hubble's cosmology: a guided study of selected texts
volume: 11
publisher: Pachart Publishing House
address: Tucson, AZ, USA
pages: xx + 218
year: 1996
ISBN: 0-88126-287-0 OR 0881262870
ISBN13: 978-0-88126-287-2 OR 9780881262872
LCCN: QB855 .H47 1996
bibdate: Thu Dec 15 06:31:08 MST 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.15 06:31:08 MST
series: Pachart history of astronomy series
subject: Nebulae; History; Sources; Cosmology; Hubble, Edwin Powell
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
subjectdates: 1889--1953
rawauthor: Norriss S. Hetherington and Edwin Powell Hubble
rawtitle: {Hubble}'s cosmology: a guided study of selected texts
TOC:
Photographic investigations of faint nebulae A spiral nebula as a stellar system, Messier 31 A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae The problem of the expanding universe The realm of the nebulae (excerpts)

rawTOC:
Photographic investigations of faint nebulae \\ A spiral nebula as a stellar system, Messier 31 \\ A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae \\ The problem of the expanding universe \\ The realm of the nebulae (excerpts)

entry:
@Book{Hetherington:1996:HCG,
  author =       "Norriss S. Hetherington and Edwin Powell Hubble",
  title =        "{Hubble}'s cosmology: a guided study of selected
                 texts",
  volume =       "11",
  publisher =    "Pachart Publishing House",
  address =      "Tucson, AZ, USA",
  pages =        "xx + 218",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "0-88126-287-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-88126-287-2",
  LCCN =         "QB855 .H47 1996",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 15 06:31:08 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Pachart history of astronomy series",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Nebulae; History; Sources; Cosmology; Hubble, Edwin
                 Powell",
  subject-dates = "1889--1953",
  tableofcontents = "Photographic investigations of faint nebulae \\
                 A spiral nebula as a stellar system, Messier 31 \\
                 A relation between distance and radial velocity among
                 extra-galactic nebulae \\
                 The problem of the expanding universe \\
                 The realm of the nebulae (excerpts)",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Schramm:1996:BBO
author: David N. Schramm
title: The Big Bang and other explosions in nuclear and particle astrophysics
publisher: pub-WORLD-SCI
address: pub-WORLD-SCI:adr
pages: xix + 710
year: 1996
ISBN: 981-02-2024-3, 981-02-2025-1 (paperback) OR 9810220243, 9810220251 (paperback)
ISBN13: 978-981-02-2024-2, 978-981-02-2025-9 (paperback) OR 9789810220242, 9789810220259 (paperback)
LCCN: QB464 .S37 1995
bibdate: Sun Oct 31 19:52:15 MDT 2010
bibsource: fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2010.10.31 19:52:15 MDT
subject: nuclear astrophysics; astrophysics; cosmology; Big Bang theory
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: David N. Schramm
rawtitle: The {Big Bang} and other explosions in nuclear and particle astrophysics
entry:
@Book{Schramm:1996:BBO,
  author =       "David N. Schramm",
  title =        "The {Big Bang} and other explosions in nuclear and
                 particle astrophysics",
  publisher =    pub-WORLD-SCI,
  address =      pub-WORLD-SCI:adr,
  pages =        "xix + 710",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "981-02-2024-3, 981-02-2025-1 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-981-02-2024-2, 978-981-02-2025-9 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QB464 .S37 1995",
  bibdate =      "Sun Oct 31 19:52:15 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "nuclear astrophysics; astrophysics; cosmology; Big
                 Bang theory",
  tableofcontents-1 = "The Case for the Relativistic Hot Big Bang
                 Cosmology / P. J. E. Peebles, D. N. Schramm, E. L.
                 Turner and R. G. Kron \\
                 The Evolution of the Universe / P. J. E. Peebles, D. N.
                 Schramm, E. L. Turner and R. G. Kron \\
                 An Unbound Universe? / J. R. Gott III, J. E. Gunn, D.
                 N. Schramm and B. M. Tinsley \\
                 The Big Bang Strikes Back / D. N. Schramm \\
                 Big Bang Nucleosynthesis: The Standard Model and
                 Alternatives / D. N. Schramm \\
                 Primordial Nucleosynthesis Redux / T. P. Walker, G.
                 Steigman, D. N. Schramm, K. A. Olive and H.-S. Kang \\
                 On the Origin of Light Elements / H. Reeves, J.
                 Audouze, W. A. Fowler and D. N. Schramm \\
                 The Origin of Deuterium / R. I. Epstein, J. M. Lattimer
                 and D. N. Schramm \\
                 What Can Deuterium Tell Us? / D. N. Schramm and R. V.
                 Wagoner \\
                 Constraints on the Density of Baryons in the Universe /
                 D. N. Schramm \\
                 Contamination of Primordial Helium in Galaxies / G.
                 Steigman, J. S. Gallagher III and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Destruction of $^3$He in Stars / D. S. P. Dearborn, D.
                 N. Schramm and G. Steigman \\
                 Limits to the Primordial Helium Abundance in the
                 Baryon-Inhomogeneous Big Bang / G. J. Mathews, D. N.
                 Schramm and B. S. Meyer \\
                 Lithium Probes the Universe / D. N. Schramm \\
                 Population II $^6$Li as a Probe of Nucleosynthesis and
                 Stellar Structure and Evolution / G. Steigman, B. D.
                 Fields, K. A. Olive, D. N. Schramm and T. P. Walker \\
                 Main Sequence Mass Loss and the Lithium Dip / D. N.
                 Schramm, G. Steigman and D. S. P. Dearborn \\
                 Effects of Convective Overshoot on Lithium Depletion in
                 Main-Sequence Stars / J. M. Straus, J. B. Blake and D.
                 N. Schramm \\
                 Mass Loss and a Possible Population II Lithium Dip / D.
                 S. P. Dearborn, D. N. Schramm and L. M. Hobbs \\
                 Cosmological Limits to the Number of Massive Leptons /
                 G. Steigman, D. N. Schramm and J. E. Gunn \\
                 Cosmology and the Neutron Lifetime / D. N. Schramm and
                 L. Kawano \\
                 On the Relation of the Cosmological Constraints on
                 Neutrino Flavors to the Width of the Z$^0$ / D. N.
                 Schramm and G. Steigman \\
                 Particle Accelerators Test Cosmological Theory / D. N.
                 Schramm and G. Steigman \\
                 Cosmological Constraints on Superweak Particles / G.
                 Steigman, K. A. Olive and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Limits from Supernovae on Neutrino Radiative Lifetimes
                 / S. W. Falk and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Updated Constraints on Axions from SN1987A / R. Mayle,
                 J. R. Wilson, J. Ellis, K. A. Olive, D. N. Schramm and
                 G. Steigman \\
                 Astrophysical and Cosmological Constraints to Neutrino
                 Properties / E. W. Kolb, D. N. Schramm and M. S. Turner
                 \\
                 Some Astrophysical Consequences of the Existence of a
                 Heavy Stable Neutral Lepton / J. E. Gunn, B. W. Lee, I.
                 Lerche, D. N. Schramm and G. Steigman \\
                 General Cosmological Constraints on the Masses of
                 Stable Neutrinos and Other ``Inos'' / K. Freese and D.
                 N. Schramm \\
                 Constraints from Primordial Nucleosynthesis on the Mass
                 of the $\tau$ Neutrino / E. W. Kolb, M. S. Turner, A.
                 Chakravorty and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Astrophysical Constraints on the Couplings of Axions,
                 Majorons, and Familons / D. S. P. Dearborn, D. N.
                 Schramm and G. Steigman \\
                 The Origin of Baryons in the Universe / M. S. Turner
                 and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Cosmology and Elementary-Particle Physics / M. S.
                 Turner and D. N. Schramm \\
                 The Cosmology/Particle Physics Interface / K. A. Olive
                 and D. N. Schramm",
  tableofcontents-2 = "Leptonic and Hadronic Mass Scales - A Cosmic
                 Connection? / H. Fritzsch and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Spontaneous Generation of Density Perturbations in the
                 Early Universe / M. Crawford and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Quark-Hadron and Chiral Transitions and Their Relation
                 to the Early Universe / D. N. Schramm and K. A. Olive
                 \\
                 The Quark-Hadron Transition in the Early Universe / D.
                 N. Schramm \\
                 Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the Quark-Hadron
                 Transition / H. Kurki-Suonio, R. A. Matzner, K. A.
                 Olive and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Production of Lithium, Beryllium, and Boron From Baryon
                 Inhomogeneous Primordial Nucleosynthesis / D. Thomas,
                 D. N. Schramm, K. A. Olive, G. J. Mathews, B. S. Meyer
                 and B. D. Fields \\
                 Recent Advances in Cosmology / D. N. Schramm \\
                 The Phenomenological Status of Late Time Phase
                 Transition Models after Cosmic Background Radiation
                 Anisotropy Measurements / X. Luo and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Fractals and Cosmological Large-Scale Structure / X.
                 Luo and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Are Galaxies More Strongly Correlated Than Clusters? /
                 A. S. Szalay and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Cosmological Structure Formation from Soft Topological
                 Defects / C. T. Hill, D. N. Schramm and J. N. Fry \\
                 Testing for the Gaussian Nature of Cosmological Density
                 Perturbations through the Three-Point Temperature
                 Correlation Function / X. Luo and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Strings and the Origins of Galaxies / N. Turok and D.
                 N. Schramm \\
                 Can ``Warm'' Particles Provide the Missing Mass in
                 Dwarf Galaxies? / A. L. Melott and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Galaxy and Structure Formation with Hot Dark Matter and
                 Cosmic Strings / R. Brandenberger, N. Kaiser, D. N.
                 Schramm and N. Turok \\
                 Relic Neutrinos and the Density of the Universe / D. N.
                 Schramm and G. Steigman \\
                 Dark Matter and the Origin of Cosmic Structure / D. N.
                 Schramm \\
                 The Age of the Universe: Concordance / D. N. Schramm",
  tableofcontents-3 = "Nucleochronologies and the Mean Age of the
                 Elements / D. N. Schramm and G. J. Wasserburg \\
                 r-Process Production Ratios of Chronologic Importance /
                 P. A. Seeger and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Urban High Energy Cosmic Ray Neutrinos / C. T. Hill and
                 D. N. Schramm \\
                 OB Associations and the Nonuniversality of the Cosmic
                 Abundances: Implications for Cosmic Rays and Meteorites
                 / K. A. Olive and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Implications of the Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray
                 Spectrum Observed by the Fly's Eye Detector / C. T.
                 Hill, D. N. Schramm and T. P. Walker \\
                 Beryllium and Boron Constraints on an Early Galactic
                 Bright Phase / B. D. Fields, D. N. Schramm and J. W.
                 Truran \\
                 Grand Unified Theories, Topological Defects and
                 Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays / P. Bhattacharjee, C. T.
                 Hill and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Photon/Proton Ratio as a Diagnostic Tool for
                 Topological Defects as the Sources of Extremely
                 High-Energy Cosmic Rays / F. A. Aharonian, P.
                 Bhattacharjee and D. N. Schramm \\
                 On the Origin of Highest Energy Cosmic Rays / G. Sigl,
                 D. N. Schramm and P. Bhattacharjee \\
                 High Energy Neutrino Astronomy / D. Eichler and D. N.
                 Schramm \\
                 Origin of Cosmic Rays, Atomic Nuclei and Pulsars in
                 Explosions of Massive Stars / W. D. Arnett and D. N.
                 Schramm \\
                 Neutral Currents and Supernovas / D. N. Schramm and W.
                 D. Arnett \\
                 On the Conditions Required for the r-Process / E. B.
                 Norman and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Neutrino Damping of Nonradial Pulsations in
                 Gravitational Collapse / D. Kazanas and D. N. Schramm
                 \\
                 Supernovae, Grains and the Formation of the Solar
                 System / J. M. Lattimer, D. N. Schramm and L. Grossman
                 \\
                 Neutrinos From Gravitational Collapse / R. Mayle, J. R.
                 Wilson and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Supernova 1987A: 18 Months Later / D. N. Schramm \\
                 The Great Supernova of 1987 / D. N. Schramm \\
                 Supernova Neutrinos / D. N. Schramm \\
                 Did a Supernova Trigger the Formation of the Solar
                 System? / D. N. Schramm and R. N. Clayton \\
                 Protogalactic Mergers and Cosmochronology / G. J.
                 Mathews and D. N. Schramm \\
                 On the Origin and Evolution of s-Process Elements / D.
                 N. Schramm and B. M. Tinsley \\
                 Black-Hole-Neutron-Star Collisions / J. M. Lattimer and
                 D. N. Schramm \\
                 Magneto-hydrodynamics Jets, Pulsar Formation and
                 SN1987a / S. A. Colgate, L. M. Krauss, D. N. Schramm
                 and T. P. Walker \\
                 Antineutrino Astronomy and Geophysics / L. M. Krauss,
                 S. L. Glashow and D. N. Schramm \\
                 Nucleosynthesis, Neutrino Bursts and $\gamma$-rays From
                 Coalescing Neutron Stars / D. Eichler, M. Livio, T.
                 Piran and D. N. Schramm \\
                 The Need for New Neutrino Physics or a Cooler Sun in
                 the Solar Neutrino Problem / X. Shi and D. N. Schramm
                 \\
                 Monte Carlo Exploration of Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein
                 Solutions to the Solar Neutrino Problem / X. Shi, D. N.
                 Schramm and J. N. Bahcall \\
                 Neutrinos From a Standard Solar Model / B. W. Filippone
                 and D. N. Schramm",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Chandrasekhar:1998:MTB
author: S. (Subrahmanyan) Chandrasekhar
title: The mathematical theory of black holes
publisher: pub-CLARENDON
address: pub-CLARENDON:adr
pages: xxi + 646
year: 1998
ISBN: 0-19-850370-9 OR 0198503709
ISBN13: 978-0-19-850370-5 OR 9780198503705
LCCN: QB843.B55 C48 1998
bibdate: Wed Aug 12 18:16:20 MDT 2009
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90
bibtimestamp: 2009.08.12 18:16:20 MDT
series: Oxford classic texts in the physical sciences
URL: http://www.zentralblattmath.org/zmath/en/search/?an=0912.53053
subject: black holes (astronomy); mathematics; Kerr black holes; space and time
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
authordates: 1910--1995
rawauthor: S. (Subrahmanyan) Chandrasekhar
rawtitle: The mathematical theory of black holes
TOC:
Mathematical preliminaries A space--time of sufficient generality The Schwarzchild space--time The perturbations of the Schwarzchild black hole The Reissner--Nordstrom solution The Kerr metric The geodesics in the Kerr space--time Electromagnetic waves in Kerr geometry The gravitational perturbations of the Kerr black hole Spin-1/2 particles in Kerr geometry Other solutions Other methods

rawTOC:
Mathematical preliminaries \\ A space--time of sufficient generality \\ The Schwarzchild space--time \\ The perturbations of the Schwarzchild black hole \\ The Reissner--Nordstrom solution \\ The Kerr metric \\ The geodesics in the Kerr space--time \\ Electromagnetic waves in Kerr geometry \\ The gravitational perturbations of the Kerr black hole \\ Spin-1/2 particles in Kerr geometry \\ Other solutions \\ Other methods

entry:
@Book{Chandrasekhar:1998:MTB,
  author =       "S. (Subrahmanyan) Chandrasekhar",
  title =        "The mathematical theory of black holes",
  publisher =    pub-CLARENDON,
  address =      pub-CLARENDON:adr,
  pages =        "xxi + 646",
  year =         "1998",
  ISBN =         "0-19-850370-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-850370-5",
  LCCN =         "QB843.B55 C48 1998",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 12 18:16:20 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  series =       "Oxford classic texts in the physical sciences",
  URL =          "http://www.zentralblattmath.org/zmath/en/search/?an=0912.53053",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1910--1995",
  subject =      "black holes (astronomy); mathematics; Kerr black
                 holes; space and time",
  tableofcontents = "Mathematical preliminaries \\
                 A space--time of sufficient generality \\
                 The Schwarzchild space--time \\
                 The perturbations of the Schwarzchild black hole \\
                 The Reissner--Nordstrom solution \\
                 The Kerr metric \\
                 The geodesics in the Kerr space--time \\
                 Electromagnetic waves in Kerr geometry \\
                 The gravitational perturbations of the Kerr black hole
                 \\
                 Spin-1/2 particles in Kerr geometry \\
                 Other solutions \\
                 Other methods",
}


bibtype: article
filename: einstein.bib
label: Gutzwiller:1998:MES
author: Martin C. Gutzwiller
title: Moon--Earth--Sun: The oldest three-body problem
journal: j-REV-MOD-PHYS
volume: 70
number: 2
pages: 589--639
month: apr
monthnumber: 4
year: 1998
CODEN: RMPHAT
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.70.589
ISSNL: 0034-6861 OR 00346861
bibdate: Tue May 22 16:37:24 MDT 2012
bibtimestamp: 2012.05.22 16:37:24 MDT
URL: http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.70.589; http://rmp.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v70/i2/p589_1
fjournal: Reviews of Modern Physics
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Martin C. Gutzwiller
rawtitle: {Moon--Earth--Sun}: The oldest three-body problem
bibsource:
http://rmp.aps.org/toc/RMP/v70/i2; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/revmodphys1990.bib

entry:
@Article{Gutzwiller:1998:MES,
  author =       "Martin C. Gutzwiller",
  title =        "{Moon--Earth--Sun}: The oldest three-body problem",
  journal =      j-REV-MOD-PHYS,
  volume =       "70",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "589--639",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "RMPHAT",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.70.589",
  ISSN =         "0034-6861 (print), 1538-4527 (electronic), 1539-0756",
  ISSN-L =       "0034-6861",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 22 16:37:24 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://rmp.aps.org/toc/RMP/v70/i2;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/revmodphys1990.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.70.589;
                 http://rmp.aps.org/abstract/RMP/v70/i2/p589_1",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Reviews of Modern Physics",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Miller:1998:AES
author: Arthur I. Miller
publisher: pub-SV
address: pub-SV:adr
pages: xix + 446
year: 1998
ISBN: 0-387-94870-8 (softcover) OR 0387948708 (softcover)
ISBN13: 978-0-387-94870-6 (softcover) OR 9780387948706 (softcover)
LCCN: QC173.52 .M54 1998
bibdate: Mon Oct 9 06:21:54 MDT 2006
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2006.10.09 06:21:54 MDT
subject: Relativity (physics); History; Physics; Einstein, Albert; Physicists; Biography
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
subjectdates: Albert Einstein (1879--1955)
rawauthor: Arthur I. Miller
title:
Albert Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity: emergence (1905) and early interpretation (1905--1911)

remark:
Includes a translation by A. I. Miller of A. Einstein's em On the electrodynamics of moving bodies. Previously published: Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Pub., Advanced Book Program, 1981.

TOC:
Preface Preface to the Republication of This Volume Acknowledgments Author's Notes to the Reader Cast of Characters Introduction / 1 Electrodynamics: 1890--1905 / 11 Einstein's Philosophic Viewpoint in 1905 / 115 Analysis of Einstein's Introductory Comments to ``Zur Elektrodynamik Bewegter Korper'' / 135 Simultaneity and Time / 173 Length and Time Are Relative Quantities / 189 The Relativistic Transformations / 195 The Relativity of Length and Time / 209 The Theorem of Addition of Velocities / 259 The Relativity of the Electric and Magnetic Fields / 269 Doppler's Principle and Stellar Aberration / 283 Light Quanta, Radiation and Relativity / 291 On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies / 305 Epilogue / 365 Appendix / 369 Bibliography / 395 Index / 417

rawtitle:
{Albert Einstein}'s {Special Theory of Relativity}: emergence (1905) and early interpretation (1905--1911)

rawTOC:
Preface \\ Preface to the Republication of This Volume \\ Acknowledgments \\ Author's Notes to the Reader \\ Cast of Characters \\ Introduction / 1 \\ Electrodynamics: 1890--1905 / 11 \\ Einstein's Philosophic Viewpoint in 1905 / 115 \\ Analysis of Einstein's Introductory Comments to ``Zur Elektrodynamik Bewegter Korper'' / 135 \\ Simultaneity and Time / 173 \\ Length and Time Are Relative Quantities / 189 \\ The Relativistic Transformations / 195 \\ The Relativity of Length and Time / 209 \\ The Theorem of Addition of Velocities / 259 \\ The Relativity of the Electric and Magnetic Fields / 269 \\ Doppler's Principle and Stellar Aberration / 283 \\ Light Quanta, Radiation and Relativity / 291 \\ On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies / 305 \\ Epilogue / 365 \\ Appendix / 369 \\ Bibliography / 395 \\ Index / 417

entry:
@Book{Miller:1998:AES,
  author =       "Arthur I. Miller",
  title =        "{Albert Einstein}'s {Special Theory of Relativity}:
                 emergence (1905) and early interpretation
                 (1905--1911)",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xix + 446",
  year =         "1998",
  ISBN =         "0-387-94870-8 (softcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-94870-6 (softcover)",
  LCCN =         "QC173.52 .M54 1998",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 9 06:21:54 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Includes a translation by A. I. Miller of A.
                 Einstein's {\em On the electrodynamics of moving
                 bodies}. Previously published: Reading, MA:
                 Addison-Wesley Pub., Advanced Book Program, 1981.",
  subject =      "Relativity (physics); History; Physics; Einstein,
                 Albert; Physicists; Biography",
  subject-dates = "Albert Einstein (1879--1955)",
  tableofcontents = "Preface \\
                 Preface to the Republication of This Volume \\
                 Acknowledgments \\
                 Author's Notes to the Reader \\
                 Cast of Characters \\
                 Introduction / 1 \\
                 Electrodynamics: 1890--1905 / 11 \\
                 Einstein's Philosophic Viewpoint in 1905 / 115 \\
                 Analysis of Einstein's Introductory Comments to ``Zur
                 Elektrodynamik Bewegter Korper'' / 135 \\
                 Simultaneity and Time / 173 \\
                 Length and Time Are Relative Quantities / 189 \\
                 The Relativistic Transformations / 195 \\
                 The Relativity of Length and Time / 209 \\
                 The Theorem of Addition of Velocities / 259 \\
                 The Relativity of the Electric and Magnetic Fields /
                 269 \\
                 Doppler's Principle and Stellar Aberration / 283 \\
                 Light Quanta, Radiation and Relativity / 291 \\
                 On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies / 305 \\
                 Epilogue / 365 \\
                 Appendix / 369 \\
                 Bibliography / 395 \\
                 Index / 417",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Wald:1998:BHR
editor: Robert M. Wald
title: Black holes and relativistic stars
publisher: pub-U-CHICAGO
address: pub-U-CHICAGO:adr
pages: xii + 278
year: 1998
ISBN: 0-226-87034-0 (hardcover) OR 0226870340 (hardcover)
ISBN13: 978-0-226-87034-2 (hardcover) OR 9780226870342 (hardcover)
LCCN: QB843.B55 B585 1998
bibdate: Wed Dec 24 13:51:25 MST 2008
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2008.12.24 13:51:25 MST
subject: Black holes (Astronomy); Chandrasekhar, S; (Subrahmanyan)
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
subjectdates: 1910--1995
raweditor: Robert M. Wald
rawtitle: Black holes and relativistic stars
URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/uchi051/97043102.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/uchi052/97043102.html

TOC:
Gravitational waves, stars and black holes / Valeria Ferrari Rotating relativistic stars / John L. Friedman Probing black holes and relativistic stars with gravitational waves / Kip S. Thorne Astrophysical evidence for black holes / Martin J. Rees Question of cosmic censorship / Roger Penrose Black hole collisions, toroidal black holes, and numerical relativity / Saul A. Teukolsky Internal structure of black holes / Werner Israel Black holes and thermodynamics / Robert M. Wald Statistical mechanics if black hole thermodynamics / Rafael D. Sorkin Generalized quantum theory in evaporating black hole spacetimes / James B. Hartle Is information lost in black holes? / Stephen W. Hawking Quantum states of black holes / Gary T. Horowitz Chandra / Kameshwar C. Wali Our song / Lalitha Chandrasekhar

rawTOC:
Gravitational waves, stars and black holes / Valeria Ferrari \\ Rotating relativistic stars / John L. Friedman \\ Probing black holes and relativistic stars with gravitational waves / Kip S. Thorne \\ Astrophysical evidence for black holes / Martin J. Rees \\ Question of cosmic censorship / Roger Penrose \\ Black hole collisions, toroidal black holes, and numerical relativity / Saul A. Teukolsky \\ Internal structure of black holes / Werner Israel \\ Black holes and thermodynamics / Robert M. Wald \\ Statistical mechanics if black hole thermodynamics / Rafael D. Sorkin \\ Generalized quantum theory in evaporating black hole spacetimes / James B. Hartle \\ Is information lost in black holes? / Stephen W. Hawking \\ Quantum states of black holes / Gary T. Horowitz \\ Chandra / Kameshwar C. Wali \\ Our song / Lalitha Chandrasekhar

entry:
@Book{Wald:1998:BHR,
  editor =       "Robert M. Wald",
  title =        "Black holes and relativistic stars",
  publisher =    pub-U-CHICAGO,
  address =      pub-U-CHICAGO:adr,
  pages =        "xii + 278",
  year =         "1998",
  ISBN =         "0-226-87034-0 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-226-87034-2 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QB843.B55 B585 1998",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 24 13:51:25 MST 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/uchi051/97043102.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/uchi052/97043102.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Black holes (Astronomy); Chandrasekhar, S;
                 (Subrahmanyan)",
  subject-dates = "1910--1995",
  tableofcontents = "Gravitational waves, stars and black holes /
                 Valeria Ferrari \\
                 Rotating relativistic stars / John L. Friedman \\
                 Probing black holes and relativistic stars with
                 gravitational waves / Kip S. Thorne \\
                 Astrophysical evidence for black holes / Martin J. Rees
                 \\
                 Question of cosmic censorship / Roger Penrose \\
                 Black hole collisions, toroidal black holes, and
                 numerical relativity / Saul A. Teukolsky \\
                 Internal structure of black holes / Werner Israel \\
                 Black holes and thermodynamics / Robert M. Wald \\
                 Statistical mechanics if black hole thermodynamics /
                 Rafael D. Sorkin \\
                 Generalized quantum theory in evaporating black hole
                 spacetimes / James B. Hartle \\
                 Is information lost in black holes? / Stephen W.
                 Hawking \\
                 Quantum states of black holes / Gary T. Horowitz \\
                 Chandra / Kameshwar C. Wali \\
                 Our song / Lalitha Chandrasekhar",
}


bibtype: article
filename: einstein.bib
label: Bahcall:1999:CTR
author: Neta A. Bahcall and Jeremiah P. Ostriker and Saul Perlmutter and Paul J. Steinhardt
title: The Cosmic Triangle: Revealing the State of the Universe
journal: j-SCIENCE
volume: 284
number: 5419
pages: 1481--1488
day: 28
month: may
monthnumber: 5
year: 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5419.1481
bibdate: Fri Dec 16 06:57:21 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.16 06:57:21 ???
URL: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/284/5419/1481
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
journalURL: http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/
rawauthor: Neta A. Bahcall and Jeremiah P. Ostriker and Saul Perlmutter and Paul J. Steinhardt
rawtitle: The Cosmic Triangle: Revealing the State of the Universe
abstract:
The cosmic triangle is introduced as a way of representing the past, present, and future status of the universe. Our current location within the cosmic triangle is determined by the answers to three questions: How much matter is in the universe? Is the expansion rate slowing down or speeding up? And, is the universe flat? A review of recent observations suggests a universe that is lightweight (matter density about one-third the critical value), is accelerating, and is flat. The acceleration implies the existence of cosmic dark energy that overcomes the gravitational self-attraction of matter and causes the expansion to speed up.

remark:
Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt, and Adam G. Riess shared the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics ``for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae''.

rawabstract:
The cosmic triangle is introduced as a way of representing the past, present, and future status of the universe. Our current location within the cosmic triangle is determined by the answers to three questions: How much matter is in the universe? Is the expansion rate slowing down or speeding up? And, is the universe flat? A review of recent observations suggests a universe that is lightweight (matter density about one-third the critical value), is accelerating, and is flat. The acceleration implies the existence of cosmic dark energy that overcomes the gravitational self-attraction of matter and causes the expansion to speed up.

entry:
@Article{Bahcall:1999:CTR,
  author =       "Neta A. Bahcall and Jeremiah P. Ostriker and Saul
                 Perlmutter and Paul J. Steinhardt",
  title =        "The Cosmic Triangle: Revealing the State of the
                 Universe",
  journal =      j-SCIENCE,
  volume =       "284",
  number =       "5419",
  pages =        "1481--1488",
  day =          "28",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1999",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5419.1481",
  bibdate =      "Fri Dec 16 06:57:21 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.sciencemag.org/content/284/5419/1481",
  abstract =     "The cosmic triangle is introduced as a way of
                 representing the past, present, and future status of
                 the universe. Our current location within the cosmic
                 triangle is determined by the answers to three
                 questions: How much matter is in the universe? Is the
                 expansion rate slowing down or speeding up? And, is the
                 universe flat? A review of recent observations suggests
                 a universe that is lightweight (matter density about
                 one-third the critical value), is accelerating, and is
                 flat. The acceleration implies the existence of cosmic
                 dark energy that overcomes the gravitational
                 self-attraction of matter and causes the expansion to
                 speed up.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  journal-URL =  "http://www.sciencemag.org/archive/",
  remark =       "Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt, and Adam G. Riess
                 shared the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics ``for the
                 discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe
                 through observations of distant supernovae''.",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Gosling:1999:MPM
author: Francis G. (Francis George) Gosling
title: The Manhattan Project: making the atomic bomb
publisher: US Dept. of Energy
address: Washington, DC, USA
pages: vii + 66
month: jan
monthnumber: 1
year: 1999
bibdate: Wed Dec 21 17:36:40 MST 2005
bibsource: bobcat.nyu.edu:210/ADVANCE; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2005.12.21 17:36:40 MST
subject: Atomic bomb; United States; History
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Francis G. (Francis George) Gosling
rawtitle: The {Manhattan Project}: making the atomic bomb
remark:
History Division, Executive Secretariat, Management and Administration, Department of Energy. DOE/MA-0001.

entry:
@Book{Gosling:1999:MPM,
  author =       "Francis G. (Francis George) Gosling",
  title =        "The {Manhattan Project}: making the atomic bomb",
  publisher =    "US Dept. of Energy",
  address =      "Washington, DC, USA",
  pages =        "vii + 66",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1999",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 21 17:36:40 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "bobcat.nyu.edu:210/ADVANCE;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "History Division, Executive Secretariat, Management
                 and Administration, Department of Energy.
                 DOE/MA-0001.",
  subject =      "Atomic bomb; United States; History",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Hoffmann:1999:RR
author: Banesh Hoffmann
title: Relativity and its roots
publisher: pub-DOVER
address: pub-DOVER:adr
pages: 161
year: 1999
ISBN: 0-486-40676-8 (paperback) OR 0486406768 (paperback)
ISBN13: 978-0-486-40676-3 (paperback) OR 9780486406763 (paperback)
LCCN: QC173.52 .H63 1999
bibdate: Mon Dec 29 15:34:16 MST 2008
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2008.12.29 15:34:16 MST
URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/dover032/98048651.html
remark: Originally published: New York: Scientific American Books, 1983.
subject: Relativity (Physics); History
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Banesh Hoffmann
rawtitle: {Relativity} and its roots
entry:
@Book{Hoffmann:1999:RR,
  author =       "Banesh Hoffmann",
  title =        "{Relativity} and its roots",
  publisher =    pub-DOVER,
  address =      pub-DOVER:adr,
  pages =        "161",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "0-486-40676-8 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-486-40676-3 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC173.52 .H63 1999",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 29 15:34:16 MST 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/dover032/98048651.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Originally published: New York: Scientific American
                 Books, 1983.",
  subject =      "Relativity (Physics); History",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Ellis:2000:FCS
author: George F. R. (George Francis Rayner) Ellis and Ruth M. Williams
title: Flat and curved space--times
publisher: pub-OXFORD
address: pub-OXFORD:adr
edition: Second
pages: x + 375
year: 2000
LCCN: QC173.65 .E45 2000
bibdate: Wed Jun 6 08:09:29 MDT 2012
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2012.06.06 08:09:29 MDT
note: Diagrams by Mauro Carfora.
remark: See also first edition cite Ellis:1988:FCS.
subject: Special relativity (Physics); Space and time
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: George F. R. (George Francis Rayner) Ellis and Ruth M. Williams
rawnote: Diagrams by Mauro Carfora.
rawtitle: Flat and curved space--times
ISBN:
0-19-850657-0 (hardcover), 0-19-850656-2 (paperback) OR 0198506570 (hardcover), 0198506562 (paperback)

ISBN13:
978-0-19-850657-7 (hardcover), 978-0-19-850656-0 (paperback) OR 9780198506577 (hardcover), 9780198506560 (paperback)

URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0611/2001268456-d.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0611/2001268456-t.html

TOC:
Introduction 1. Space--time diagrams and the foundations of special relativity 2. Fundamentals of measurement 3. Measurements in flat space--times 4. The Lorentz transformation and the invariant interval 5. Curved space--times 6. Spherical and stellar collapse 7. Simple cosmological models 8. Finale Afterword Appendix A. Line integrals Appendix B. Four-vectors and relativistic dynamics Appendix C. Four-vectors, electromagnetism, and energy--momentum conservation Symbols used Index

rawTOC:
Introduction \\ 1. Space--time diagrams and the foundations of special relativity \\ 2. Fundamentals of measurement \\ 3. Measurements in flat space--times \\ 4. The Lorentz transformation and the invariant interval \\ 5. Curved space--times \\ 6. Spherical and stellar collapse \\ 7. Simple cosmological models \\ 8. Finale \\ Afterword \\ Appendix A. Line integrals \\ Appendix B. Four-vectors and relativistic dynamics \\ Appendix C. Four-vectors, electromagnetism, and energy--momentum conservation \\ Symbols used \\ Index

entry:
@Book{Ellis:2000:FCS,
  author =       "George F. R. (George Francis Rayner) Ellis and Ruth M.
                 Williams",
  title =        "Flat and curved space--times",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "x + 375",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "0-19-850657-0 (hardcover), 0-19-850656-2 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-850657-7 (hardcover), 978-0-19-850656-0
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC173.65 .E45 2000",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 6 08:09:29 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Diagrams by Mauro Carfora.",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0611/2001268456-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0611/2001268456-t.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "See also first edition \cite{Ellis:1988:FCS}.",
  subject =      "Special relativity (Physics); Space and time",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 1. Space--time diagrams and the foundations of special
                 relativity \\
                 2. Fundamentals of measurement \\
                 3. Measurements in flat space--times \\
                 4. The Lorentz transformation and the invariant
                 interval \\
                 5. Curved space--times \\
                 6. Spherical and stellar collapse \\
                 7. Simple cosmological models \\
                 8. Finale \\
                 Afterword \\
                 Appendix A. Line integrals \\
                 Appendix B. Four-vectors and relativistic dynamics \\
                 Appendix C. Four-vectors, electromagnetism, and
                 energy--momentum conservation \\
                 Symbols used \\
                 Index",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Groueff:2000:MPU
author: Stephane Groueff
title: Manhattan Project: the untold story of the making of the atomic bomb
publisher: iUniverse.com, Inc.
address: Lincoln, NE, USA
pages: xii + 372
year: 2000
ISBN: 0-595-09238-1 (paperback) OR 0595092381 (paperback)
ISBN13: 978-0-595-09238-3 (paperback) OR 9780595092383 (paperback)
LCCN: QC773.3.U6 G76 2000
bibdate: Wed Dec 21 17:31:30 MST 2005
bibsource: clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2005.12.21 17:31:30 MST
series: Authors Guild backinprint.com edition
remark: Originally published: Boston: Little, Brown, 1967 cite Groueff:1967:MPUb.
subject: Atomic bomb; United States; History
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: St{\'e}phane Groueff
rawtitle: {Manhattan Project}: the untold story of the making of the atomic bomb
entry:
@Book{Groueff:2000:MPU,
  author =       "St{\'e}phane Groueff",
  title =        "{Manhattan Project}: the untold story of the making of
                 the atomic bomb",
  publisher =    "iUniverse.com, Inc.",
  address =      "Lincoln, NE, USA",
  pages =        "xii + 372",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "0-595-09238-1 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-595-09238-3 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC773.3.U6 G76 2000",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 21 17:31:30 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "clio-db.cc.columbia.edu:7090/Voyager;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  series =       "Authors Guild backinprint.com edition",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Originally published: Boston: Little, Brown, 1967
                 \cite{Groueff:1967:MPUb}.",
  subject =      "Atomic bomb; United States; History",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Perlick:2000:ROF
author: Volker Perlick
title: Ray Optics, Fermat's Principle, and Applications to General Relativity
volume: 61
publisher: pub-SV
address: pub-SV:adr
pages: x + 220
year: 2000
ISBN: 3-540-66898-5 OR 3540668985
ISBN13: 978-3-540-66898-5 OR 9783540668985
LCCN: QC389 .P37 2000
bibdate: Thu Jan 31 05:41:49 2019
bibsource: fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2019.01.31 05:41:49 ???
series: Lecture notes in physics: New series m, Monographs; Physics and astronomy online library
ZMnumber: 0964.83002
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Volker Perlick
rawtitle: Ray Optics, {Fermat}'s Principle, and Applications to General Relativity
subject:
Licht; Wellenausbreitung; Raum-Zeit; Fermatsches Prinzip; Gravitationslinse; Optik; Allgemeine Relativitatstheorie.; Allgemeine Relativitatstheorie; Optik.; Licht.; Wellenausbreitung.; Raum-Zeit.; Fermatsches Prinzip.; Gravitationslinse.

TOC:
Part I. From Maxwell's equations to ray optics 1. Introduction to Part I / 3 1.1 A brief guide to the literature / 3 1.2 Assumptions and notations / 5 2. Light propagation in linear dielectric and permeable media / 7 2.1 Maxwell's equations in linear dielectric and permeable media / 7 2.2 Approximate-plane-wave families / 14 2.3 Asymptotic Solutions of Maxwell's equations / 17 2.4 Derivation of the eikonal equation and transport equations / 19 2.5 Discussion of the eikonal equation / 24 2.6 Discussion of transport equations and the introduction of rays / 31 2.7 Ray optics as an approximation scheme / 36 3. Light propagation in other kinds of media / 43 3.1 Methodological remarks on dispersive media / 44 3.2 Light propagation in a non-magnetized plasma / 46 Part II. A mathematical framework for ray optics 4. Introduction to Part II / 61 4.1 A brief guide to the literature / 61 4.2 Assumptions and notations / 63 5. Ray-optical structures on arbitrary manifolds / 67 5.1 Definition and basic properties of ray-optical structures / 67 5.2 Regularity notions for ray-optical structures / 76 5.3 Symmetries of ray-optical structures / 82 5.4 Dilation-invariant ray-optical structures / 87 5.5 Eikonal equation / 92 5.6 Caustics / 100 6. Ray-optical structures on Lorentzian manifolds / 111 6.1 The vacuum ray-optical structure / 111 6.2 Observer fields, frequency, and redshift / 113 6.3 Isotropic ray-optical structures / 120 6.4 Light bundles in isotropic media / 123 6.5 Stationary ray-optical structures / 131 6.6 Stationary ray optics in vacuum and in simple media / 141 7. Variational principles for rays / 149 7.1 The principle of stationary action: The general case / 149 7.2 The principle of stationary action: The strongly regular case / 154 7.3 Fermat's principle / 156 7.4 A Hubert manifold setting for variational problems / 165 7.5 A Morse theory for strongly hyperregular ray-optical structures / 168 8. Applications / 183 8.1 Doppler effect, aberration, and drag effect in isotropic media / 183 8.2 Light rays in a uniformly accelerated medium on Minkowski space / 190 8.3 Light propagation in a plasma on Kerr spacetime / 193 8.4 Gravitational lensing / 199 References / 211

rawTOC:
Part I. From Maxwell's equations to ray optics \\ 1. Introduction to Part I / 3 \\ 1.1 A brief guide to the literature / 3 \\ 1.2 Assumptions and notations / 5 \\ 2. Light propagation in linear dielectric and permeable media / 7 \\ 2.1 Maxwell's equations in linear dielectric and permeable media / 7 \\ 2.2 Approximate-plane-wave families / 14 \\ 2.3 Asymptotic Solutions of Maxwell's equations / 17 \\ 2.4 Derivation of the eikonal equation and transport equations / 19 \\ 2.5 Discussion of the eikonal equation / 24 \\ 2.6 Discussion of transport equations and the introduction of rays / 31 \\ 2.7 Ray optics as an approximation scheme / 36 \\ 3. Light propagation in other kinds of media / 43 \\ 3.1 Methodological remarks on dispersive media / 44 \\ 3.2 Light propagation in a non-magnetized plasma / 46 \\ Part II. A mathematical framework for ray optics \\ 4. Introduction to Part II / 61 \\ 4.1 A brief guide to the literature / 61 \\ 4.2 Assumptions and notations / 63 \\ 5. Ray-optical structures on arbitrary manifolds / 67 \\ 5.1 Definition and basic properties of ray-optical structures / 67 \\ 5.2 Regularity notions for ray-optical structures / 76 \\ 5.3 Symmetries of ray-optical structures / 82 \\ 5.4 Dilation-invariant ray-optical structures / 87 \\ 5.5 Eikonal equation / 92 \\ 5.6 Caustics / 100 \\ 6. Ray-optical structures on Lorentzian manifolds / 111 \\ 6.1 The vacuum ray-optical structure / 111 \\ 6.2 Observer fields, frequency, and redshift / 113 \\ 6.3 Isotropic ray-optical structures / 120 \\ 6.4 Light bundles in isotropic media / 123 \\ 6.5 Stationary ray-optical structures / 131 \\ 6.6 Stationary ray optics in vacuum and in simple media / 141 \\ 7. Variational principles for rays / 149 \\ 7.1 The principle of stationary action: The general case / 149 \\ 7.2 The principle of stationary action: The strongly regular case / 154 \\ 7.3 Fermat's principle / 156 \\ 7.4 A Hubert manifold setting for variational problems / 165 \\ 7.5 A Morse theory for strongly hyperregular ray-optical structures / 168 \\ 8. Applications / 183 \\ 8.1 Doppler effect, aberration, and drag effect in isotropic media / 183 \\ 8.2 Light rays in a uniformly accelerated medium on Minkowski space / 190 \\ 8.3 Light propagation in a plasma on Kerr spacetime / 193 \\ 8.4 Gravitational lensing / 199 \\ References / 211

entry:
@Book{Perlick:2000:ROF,
  author =       "Volker Perlick",
  title =        "Ray Optics, {Fermat}'s Principle, and Applications to
                 General Relativity",
  volume =       "61",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "x + 220",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "3-540-66898-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-540-66898-5",
  LCCN =         "QC389 .P37 2000",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jan 31 05:41:49 2019",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  series =       "Lecture notes in physics: New series m, Monographs;
                 Physics and astronomy online library",
  ZMnumber =     "0964.83002",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Licht; Wellenausbreitung; Raum-Zeit; Fermatsches
                 Prinzip; Gravitationslinse; Optik; Allgemeine
                 Relativit{\"a}tstheorie.; Allgemeine
                 Relativit{\"a}tstheorie; Optik.; Licht.;
                 Wellenausbreitung.; Raum-Zeit.; Fermatsches Prinzip.;
                 Gravitationslinse.",
  tableofcontents = "Part I. From Maxwell's equations to ray optics \\
                 1. Introduction to Part I / 3 \\
                 1.1 A brief guide to the literature / 3 \\
                 1.2 Assumptions and notations / 5 \\
                 2. Light propagation in linear dielectric and permeable
                 media / 7 \\
                 2.1 Maxwell's equations in linear dielectric and
                 permeable media / 7 \\
                 2.2 Approximate-plane-wave families / 14 \\
                 2.3 Asymptotic Solutions of Maxwell's equations / 17
                 \\
                 2.4 Derivation of the eikonal equation and transport
                 equations / 19 \\
                 2.5 Discussion of the eikonal equation / 24 \\
                 2.6 Discussion of transport equations and the
                 introduction of rays / 31 \\
                 2.7 Ray optics as an approximation scheme / 36 \\
                 3. Light propagation in other kinds of media / 43 \\
                 3.1 Methodological remarks on dispersive media / 44 \\
                 3.2 Light propagation in a non-magnetized plasma / 46
                 \\
                 Part II. A mathematical framework for ray optics \\
                 4. Introduction to Part II / 61 \\
                 4.1 A brief guide to the literature / 61 \\
                 4.2 Assumptions and notations / 63 \\
                 5. Ray-optical structures on arbitrary manifolds / 67
                 \\
                 5.1 Definition and basic properties of ray-optical
                 structures / 67 \\
                 5.2 Regularity notions for ray-optical structures / 76
                 \\
                 5.3 Symmetries of ray-optical structures / 82 \\
                 5.4 Dilation-invariant ray-optical structures / 87 \\
                 5.5 Eikonal equation / 92 \\
                 5.6 Caustics / 100 \\
                 6. Ray-optical structures on Lorentzian manifolds / 111
                 \\
                 6.1 The vacuum ray-optical structure / 111 \\
                 6.2 Observer fields, frequency, and redshift / 113 \\
                 6.3 Isotropic ray-optical structures / 120 \\
                 6.4 Light bundles in isotropic media / 123 \\
                 6.5 Stationary ray-optical structures / 131 \\
                 6.6 Stationary ray optics in vacuum and in simple media
                 / 141 \\
                 7. Variational principles for rays / 149 \\
                 7.1 The principle of stationary action: The general
                 case / 149 \\
                 7.2 The principle of stationary action: The strongly
                 regular case / 154 \\
                 7.3 Fermat's principle / 156 \\
                 7.4 A Hubert manifold setting for variational problems
                 / 165 \\
                 7.5 A Morse theory for strongly hyperregular
                 ray-optical structures / 168 \\
                 8. Applications / 183 \\
                 8.1 Doppler effect, aberration, and drag effect in
                 isotropic media / 183 \\
                 8.2 Light rays in a uniformly accelerated medium on
                 Minkowski space / 190 \\
                 8.3 Light propagation in a plasma on Kerr spacetime /
                 193 \\
                 8.4 Gravitational lensing / 199 \\
                 References / 211",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Taylor:2000:EBH
author: Edwin F. Taylor and John Archibald Wheeler
title: Exploring black holes: introduction to general relativity
publisher: pub-AW-LONGMAN
address: pub-AW-LONGMAN:adr
pages: 330 (est.)
year: 2000
ISBN: 0-201-38423-X OR 020138423X
ISBN13: 978-0-201-38423-9 OR 9780201384239
LCCN: QC173.6 .T39 2000
bibdate: Wed Dec 24 14:03:24 MST 2008
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2008.12.24 14:03:24 MST
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Edwin F. Taylor and John Archibald Wheeler
rawtitle: Exploring black holes: introduction to general relativity
subject:
General relativity (Physics); Black holes (Astronomy); Relativite generale (Physique); Trous noirs (Astronomie)

TOC:
Chapter 1: Speeding Chapter 2: Curving Project A: Global Positioning System Chapter 3: Plunging Project B: Inside the Black Hole Chapter 4: Orbiting Project C: Advance of Mercury's Perihelion Chapter 5: Seeing Project D: Einstein Rings Project E: Light Slowed Near Sun Project F: Spinning Black Hole Project G: Friedmann Universe Readings in General Relativity

rawTOC:
Chapter 1: Speeding \\ Chapter 2: Curving \\ Project A: Global Positioning System \\ Chapter 3: Plunging \\ Project B: Inside the Black Hole \\ Chapter 4: Orbiting \\ Project C: Advance of Mercury's Perihelion \\ Chapter 5: Seeing \\ Project D: Einstein Rings \\ Project E: Light Slowed Near Sun \\ Project F: Spinning Black Hole \\ Project G: Friedmann Universe \\ Readings in General Relativity

entry:
@Book{Taylor:2000:EBH,
  author =       "Edwin F. Taylor and John Archibald Wheeler",
  title =        "Exploring black holes: introduction to general
                 relativity",
  publisher =    pub-AW-LONGMAN,
  address =      pub-AW-LONGMAN:adr,
  pages =        "330 (est.)",
  year =         "2000",
  ISBN =         "0-201-38423-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-201-38423-9",
  LCCN =         "QC173.6 .T39 2000",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 24 14:03:24 MST 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "General relativity (Physics); Black holes (Astronomy);
                 Relativit{\'e} g{\'e}n{\'e}rale (Physique); Trous noirs
                 (Astronomie)",
  tableofcontents = "Chapter 1: Speeding \\
                 Chapter 2: Curving \\
                 Project A: Global Positioning System \\
                 Chapter 3: Plunging \\
                 Project B: Inside the Black Hole \\
                 Chapter 4: Orbiting \\
                 Project C: Advance of Mercury's Perihelion \\
                 Chapter 5: Seeing \\
                 Project D: Einstein Rings \\
                 Project E: Light Slowed Near Sun \\
                 Project F: Spinning Black Hole \\
                 Project G: Friedmann Universe \\
                 Readings in General Relativity",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Rich:2001:FC
author: James Rich
title: Fundamentals of cosmology
publisher: pub-SV
address: pub-SV:adr
pages: xi + 302
year: 2001
ISBN: 3-540-41350-2 OR 3540413502
ISBN13: 978-3-540-41350-9 OR 9783540413509
LCCN: QB981 .R486 2001
bibdate: Sat Jun 30 14:45:37 MDT 2012
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2012.06.30 14:45:37 MDT
subject: cosmology
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: James Rich
rawtitle: Fundamentals of cosmology
URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0816/2001020334-d.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0816/2001020334-t.html

TOC:
1. Introduction / 1 1.1 The Composition of the Universe / 3 1.1.1 The Visible Universe: Galaxies / 3 1.1.2 Baryons / 10 1.1.3 Cold Dark Matter / 11 1.1.4 Photons / 12 1.1.5 Neutrinos / 13 1.1.6 The Vacuum / 15 1.2 The Evolution of the Universe / 17 1.2.1 The Scale Factor $a(t)$ / 17 1.2.2 Gravitation and the Friedmann Equation / 19 1.2.3 Open and Closed Universes / 21 1.2.4 The Evolution of the Temperature / 23 1.2.5 An Improved Friedmann Equation / 28 1.2.6 The Evolution of the $Omega $s and Structure Formation / 30 1.2.7 The Standard Scenario / 32 1.3 Open Questions / 34 Exercises / 38 2. Observational Cosmology / 39 2.1 Stars and Quasi-stars / 39 2.2 Galaxies / 51 2.3 Galaxy Clusters / 54 2.4 Dark Matter / 57 2.4.1 Wimps / 59 2.4.2 Axions / 62 2.4.3 Baryonic Dark Matter / 62 2.5 The Cosmological Parameters / 67 2.5.1 $H_0$ / 67 2.5.2 $rho $s and $Omega $s / 70 Exercises / 74 3. Coordinates and Metrics / 85 3.1 Relativity and Gravitation / 88 3.2 Comoving coordinates / 93 3.3 The Metric I: Mostly Isotropy / 96 3.4 The Metric II: Mostly Homogeneity / 99 3.5 Photon Propagation / 103 3.6 The Luminosity and Angular Distances / 106 3.7 The Geodesic Equation / 108 3.8 Gravitational Lensing Ill Exercises / 118 4. The Field Equations / 125 4.1 Our Freely Falling Coordinates / 126 4.2 The Energy-Momentum Tensor / 129 4.3 The Friedmann Equation / 134 4.4 The Cosmological Parameters / 136 4.5 Scalar Fields / 137 4.6 The Riemann Tensor / 139 4.7 A Universe with $rho = 0$ / 142 4.8 The Einstein Tensor / 143 4.9 The General Einstein Equation / 144 Exercises / 148 5. Friedmannology / 151 5.1 The Age of the Universe / 153 5.2 Luminosity and Angular Distances / 156 5.3 The Horizon Problem / 162 5.4 The $Omega $ Problem / 168 5.5 Inflation / 169 5.6 Intergalactic Scattering and Absorption / 172 Exercises / 174 6. The Thermal History of the Universe / 179 6.1 Equilibrium Distributions / 182 6.2 The Boltzmann Equation / 186 6.3 Electrons and Positrons / 191 6.4 Neutrinos / 196 6.5 Primordial Nucleosynthesis / 198 6.6 Wimps / 206 6.7 Baryogenesis / 209 6.8 Irreversibility / 210 6.9 The Future / 212 Exercises / 214 7. Structure Formation / 221 7.1 A Spherical Collapse Model / 226 7.1.1 The Metric / 227 7.1.2 Expansion and Collapse / 228 7.1.3 The Linear Regime / 232 7.2 The Spectrum of Density Fluctuations / 234 7.3 Newtonian Evolution / 240 7.4 Hubble Exit and Entry / 244 7.5 The Primordial Spectrum / 247 7.6 Cold Dark Matter Models / 252 7.7 Neutrinos and Baryons / 254 7.8 Photon Propagation / 256 7.9 CBR Anisotropies / 259 7.9.1 The Sources of Anisotropy / 263 7.9.2 $Delta theta > theta _H$ / 264 7.9.3 $Delta thetaH < theta _H$ / 265 7.9.4 The Cosmological Parameters / 268 Exercises / 269 Appendix / 275 A Lorentz Vectors and Tensors / 275 B Natural Units / 277 C Standard Particles and Beyond / 279 D Magnitudes / 283 E Useful Formulas and Numbers / 285 F Solutions and Hints for Selected Exercises / 288 References / 293 Index / 299

rawTOC:
1. Introduction / 1 \\ 1.1 The Composition of the Universe / 3 \\ 1.1.1 The Visible Universe: Galaxies / 3 \\ 1.1.2 Baryons / 10 \\ 1.1.3 Cold Dark Matter / 11 \\ 1.1.4 Photons / 12 \\ 1.1.5 Neutrinos / 13 \\ 1.1.6 The Vacuum / 15 \\ 1.2 The Evolution of the Universe / 17 \\ 1.2.1 The Scale Factor $a(t)$ / 17 \\ 1.2.2 Gravitation and the Friedmann Equation / 19 \\ 1.2.3 Open and Closed Universes / 21 \\ 1.2.4 The Evolution of the Temperature / 23 \\ 1.2.5 An Improved Friedmann Equation / 28 \\ 1.2.6 The Evolution of the $\Omega$s and Structure Formation / 30 \\ 1.2.7 The Standard Scenario / 32 \\ 1.3 Open Questions / 34 \\ Exercises / 38 \\ 2. Observational Cosmology / 39 \\ 2.1 Stars and Quasi-stars / 39 \\ 2.2 Galaxies / 51 \\ 2.3 Galaxy Clusters / 54 \\ 2.4 Dark Matter / 57 \\ 2.4.1 Wimps / 59 \\ 2.4.2 Axions / 62 \\ 2.4.3 Baryonic Dark Matter / 62 \\ 2.5 The Cosmological Parameters / 67 \\ 2.5.1 $H_0$ / 67 \\ 2.5.2 $\rho$s and $\Omega$s / 70 \\ Exercises / 74 \\ 3. Coordinates and Metrics / 85 \\ 3.1 Relativity and Gravitation / 88 \\ 3.2 Comoving coordinates / 93 \\ 3.3 The Metric I: Mostly Isotropy / 96 \\ 3.4 The Metric II: Mostly Homogeneity / 99 \\ 3.5 Photon Propagation / 103 \\ 3.6 The Luminosity and Angular Distances / 106 \\ 3.7 The Geodesic Equation / 108 \\ 3.8 Gravitational Lensing Ill Exercises / 118 \\ 4. The Field Equations / 125 \\ 4.1 Our Freely Falling Coordinates / 126 \\ 4.2 The Energy-Momentum Tensor / 129 \\ 4.3 The Friedmann Equation / 134 \\ 4.4 The Cosmological Parameters / 136 \\ 4.5 Scalar Fields / 137 \\ 4.6 The Riemann Tensor / 139 \\ 4.7 A Universe with $\rho = 0$ / 142 \\ 4.8 The Einstein Tensor / 143 \\ 4.9 The General Einstein Equation / 144 \\ Exercises / 148 \\ 5. Friedmannology / 151 \\ 5.1 The Age of the Universe / 153 \\ 5.2 Luminosity and Angular Distances / 156 \\ 5.3 The Horizon Problem / 162 \\ 5.4 The $\Omega$ Problem / 168 \\ 5.5 Inflation / 169 \\ 5.6 Intergalactic Scattering and Absorption / 172 \\ Exercises / 174 \\ 6. The Thermal History of the Universe / 179 \\ 6.1 Equilibrium Distributions / 182 \\ 6.2 The Boltzmann Equation / 186 \\ 6.3 Electrons and Positrons / 191 \\ 6.4 Neutrinos / 196 \\ 6.5 Primordial Nucleosynthesis / 198 \\ 6.6 Wimps / 206 \\ 6.7 Baryogenesis / 209 \\ 6.8 Irreversibility / 210 \\ 6.9 The Future / 212 \\ Exercises / 214 \\ 7. Structure Formation / 221 \\ 7.1 A Spherical Collapse Model / 226 \\ 7.1.1 The Metric / 227 \\ 7.1.2 Expansion and Collapse / 228 \\ 7.1.3 The Linear Regime / 232 \\ 7.2 The Spectrum of Density Fluctuations / 234 \\ 7.3 Newtonian Evolution / 240 \\ 7.4 Hubble Exit and Entry / 244 \\ 7.5 The Primordial Spectrum / 247 \\ 7.6 Cold Dark Matter Models / 252 \\ 7.7 Neutrinos and Baryons / 254 \\ 7.8 Photon Propagation / 256 \\ 7.9 CBR Anisotropies / 259 \\ 7.9.1 The Sources of Anisotropy / 263 \\ 7.9.2 $\Delta \theta > \theta_H$ / 264 \\ 7.9.3 $\Delta \thetaH < \theta_H$ / 265 \\ 7.9.4 The Cosmological Parameters / 268 \\ Exercises / 269 \\ Appendix / 275 \\ A Lorentz Vectors and Tensors / 275 \\ B Natural Units / 277 \\ C Standard Particles and Beyond / 279 \\ D Magnitudes / 283 \\ E Useful Formulas and Numbers / 285 \\ F Solutions and Hints for Selected Exercises / 288 \\ References / 293 \\ Index / 299

entry:
@Book{Rich:2001:FC,
  author =       "James Rich",
  title =        "Fundamentals of cosmology",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 302",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "3-540-41350-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-540-41350-9",
  LCCN =         "QB981 .R486 2001",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jun 30 14:45:37 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0816/2001020334-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0816/2001020334-t.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "cosmology",
  tableofcontents = "1. Introduction / 1 \\
                 1.1 The Composition of the Universe / 3 \\
                 1.1.1 The Visible Universe: Galaxies / 3 \\
                 1.1.2 Baryons / 10 \\
                 1.1.3 Cold Dark Matter / 11 \\
                 1.1.4 Photons / 12 \\
                 1.1.5 Neutrinos / 13 \\
                 1.1.6 The Vacuum / 15 \\
                 1.2 The Evolution of the Universe / 17 \\
                 1.2.1 The Scale Factor $a(t)$ / 17 \\
                 1.2.2 Gravitation and the Friedmann Equation / 19 \\
                 1.2.3 Open and Closed Universes / 21 \\
                 1.2.4 The Evolution of the Temperature / 23 \\
                 1.2.5 An Improved Friedmann Equation / 28 \\
                 1.2.6 The Evolution of the $\Omega$s and Structure
                 Formation / 30 \\
                 1.2.7 The Standard Scenario / 32 \\
                 1.3 Open Questions / 34 \\
                 Exercises / 38 \\
                 2. Observational Cosmology / 39 \\
                 2.1 Stars and Quasi-stars / 39 \\
                 2.2 Galaxies / 51 \\
                 2.3 Galaxy Clusters / 54 \\
                 2.4 Dark Matter / 57 \\
                 2.4.1 Wimps / 59 \\
                 2.4.2 Axions / 62 \\
                 2.4.3 Baryonic Dark Matter / 62 \\
                 2.5 The Cosmological Parameters / 67 \\
                 2.5.1 $H_0$ / 67 \\
                 2.5.2 $\rho$s and $\Omega$s / 70 \\
                 Exercises / 74 \\
                 3. Coordinates and Metrics / 85 \\
                 3.1 Relativity and Gravitation / 88 \\
                 3.2 Comoving coordinates / 93 \\
                 3.3 The Metric I: Mostly Isotropy / 96 \\
                 3.4 The Metric II: Mostly Homogeneity / 99 \\
                 3.5 Photon Propagation / 103 \\
                 3.6 The Luminosity and Angular Distances / 106 \\
                 3.7 The Geodesic Equation / 108 \\
                 3.8 Gravitational Lensing Ill Exercises / 118 \\
                 4. The Field Equations / 125 \\
                 4.1 Our Freely Falling Coordinates / 126 \\
                 4.2 The Energy-Momentum Tensor / 129 \\
                 4.3 The Friedmann Equation / 134 \\
                 4.4 The Cosmological Parameters / 136 \\
                 4.5 Scalar Fields / 137 \\
                 4.6 The Riemann Tensor / 139 \\
                 4.7 A Universe with $\rho = 0$ / 142 \\
                 4.8 The Einstein Tensor / 143 \\
                 4.9 The General Einstein Equation / 144 \\
                 Exercises / 148 \\
                 5. Friedmannology / 151 \\
                 5.1 The Age of the Universe / 153 \\
                 5.2 Luminosity and Angular Distances / 156 \\
                 5.3 The Horizon Problem / 162 \\
                 5.4 The $\Omega$ Problem / 168 \\
                 5.5 Inflation / 169 \\
                 5.6 Intergalactic Scattering and Absorption / 172 \\
                 Exercises / 174 \\
                 6. The Thermal History of the Universe / 179 \\
                 6.1 Equilibrium Distributions / 182 \\
                 6.2 The Boltzmann Equation / 186 \\
                 6.3 Electrons and Positrons / 191 \\
                 6.4 Neutrinos / 196 \\
                 6.5 Primordial Nucleosynthesis / 198 \\
                 6.6 Wimps / 206 \\
                 6.7 Baryogenesis / 209 \\
                 6.8 Irreversibility / 210 \\
                 6.9 The Future / 212 \\
                 Exercises / 214 \\
                 7. Structure Formation / 221 \\
                 7.1 A Spherical Collapse Model / 226 \\
                 7.1.1 The Metric / 227 \\
                 7.1.2 Expansion and Collapse / 228 \\
                 7.1.3 The Linear Regime / 232 \\
                 7.2 The Spectrum of Density Fluctuations / 234 \\
                 7.3 Newtonian Evolution / 240 \\
                 7.4 Hubble Exit and Entry / 244 \\
                 7.5 The Primordial Spectrum / 247 \\
                 7.6 Cold Dark Matter Models / 252 \\
                 7.7 Neutrinos and Baryons / 254 \\
                 7.8 Photon Propagation / 256 \\
                 7.9 CBR Anisotropies / 259 \\
                 7.9.1 The Sources of Anisotropy / 263 \\
                 7.9.2 $\Delta \theta > \theta_H$ / 264 \\
                 7.9.3 $\Delta \thetaH < \theta_H$ / 265 \\
                 7.9.4 The Cosmological Parameters / 268 \\
                 Exercises / 269 \\
                 Appendix / 275 \\
                 A Lorentz Vectors and Tensors / 275 \\
                 B Natural Units / 277 \\
                 C Standard Particles and Beyond / 279 \\
                 D Magnitudes / 283 \\
                 E Useful Formulas and Numbers / 285 \\
                 F Solutions and Hints for Selected Exercises / 288 \\
                 References / 293 \\
                 Index / 299",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Rindler:2001:RSG
author: Wolfgang Rindler
title: Relativity: special, general, and cosmological
publisher: pub-OXFORD
address: pub-OXFORD:adr
pages: xiii + 428
year: 2001
LCCN: QC173.55 .R563 2001
bibdate: Wed Dec 24 14:11:20 MST 2008
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2008.12.24 14:11:20 MST
subject: relativity (physics); cosmology
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Wolfgang Rindler
rawtitle: {Relativity}: special, general, and cosmological
ISBN:
0-19-850836-0 (paperback), 0-19-850835-2 (hardcover) OR 0198508360 (paperback), 0198508352 (hardcover)

ISBN13:
978-0-19-850836-6 (paperback), 978-0-19-850835-9 (hardcover) OR 9780198508366 (paperback), 9780198508359 (hardcover)

URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0610/00067605-d.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0610/00067605-t.html

TOC:
Introduction / 1 1 From absolute space and time to influenceable spacetime: an overview / 3 1.1 Definition of relativity / 3 1.2 Newton's laws and inertial frames / 4 1.3 The Galilean transformation / 5 1.4 Newtonian relativity / 6 1.5 Objections to absolute space; Mach's principle / 7 1.6 The ether / 9 1.7 Michelson and Morley's search for the ether / 9 1.8 Lorentz's ether theory / 10 1.9 Origins of special relativity / 12 1.10 Further arguments for Einstein's two postulates / 14 1.11 Cosmology and first doubts about inertial frames / 15 1.12 Inertial and gravitational mass / 16 1.13 Einstein's equivalence principle / 18 1.14 Preview of general relativity / 20 1.15 Caveats on the equivalence principle / 22 1.16 Gravitational frequency shift and light bending / 24 Exercises 1 / 27 1 Special Relativity / 31 2 Foundations of special relativity; The Lorentz transformation / 33 2.1 On the nature of physical theories / 33 2.2 Basic features of special relativity / 34 2.3 Relativistic problem solving / 36 2.4 Relativity of simultaneity, time-dilation and length-contraction: a preview / 38 2.5 The relativity principle and the homogeneity and isotropy of inertial frames / 39 2.6 The coordinate lattice; Definitions of simultaneity / 41 2.7 Derivation of the Lorentz transformation / 43 2.8 Properties of the Lorentz transformation / 47 2.9 Graphical representation of the Lorentz transformation / 49 2.10 The relativistic speed limit / 54 2.11 Which transformations are allowed by the relativity principle? / 57 Exercises 2 / 58 Relativistic kinematics / 61 3.1 Introduction / 61 3.2 World-picture and world-map / 61 3.3 Length contraction / 62 3.4 Length contraction paradox / 63 3.5 Time dilation; The twin paradox / 64 3.6' Velocity transformation; Relative and mutual velocity / 68 3.7 Acceleration transformation; Hyperbolic motion / 70 3.8 Rigid motion and the uniformly accelerated rod / 71 Exercises 3 / 73 Relativistic optics / 77 4.1 Introduction / 77 4.2 The drag effect / 77 4.3 The Doppler effect / 78 4.4 Aberration / 81 4.5 The visual appearance of moving objects / 82 Exercises 4 / 85 Spacetime and four-vectors / 89 5.1 The discovery of Minkowski space / 89 5.2 Three-dimensional Minkowski diagrams / 90 5.3 Light cones and intervals 95.4 Three-vectors / 94 5.5 Four-vectors / 97 5.6 The geometry of four-vectors / 101 5.7 Plane waves / 103 Exercises 5 / 105 Relativistic particle mechanics / 108 6.1 Domain of sufficient validity of Newtonian mechanics / 108 6.2 The axioms of the new mechanics / 109 6.3 The equivalence of mass and energy / 111 6.4 Four-momentum identities / 114 6.5 Relativistic billiards / 115 6.6 The zero-momentum frame / 117 6.7 Threshold energies / 118 6.8 Light quanta and de Broglie waves / 119 6.9 The Compton effect / 121 6.10 Four-force and three-force / 123 Exercises 6 / 126 7 Four-tensors; Electromagnetism in vacuum / 130 7.1 Tensors: Preliminary ideas and notations / 130 7.2 Tensors: Definition and properties / 132 7.3 Maxwell's equations-in tensor form / 139 7.4 The four-potential / 143 7.5 Transformation of e and b; The dual field / 146 7.6 The field of a uniformly moving point charge / 148 7.7 The field of an infinite straight current / 150 7.8 The energy tensor of the electromagnetic field / 151 7.9 From the mechanics of the field to the mechanics of material continua / 154 Exercises 7 / 157 II General Relativity / 163 8 Curved spaces and the basic ideas of general relativity / 165 8.1 Curved surfaces / 165 8.2 Curved spaces of higher dimensions / 169 8.3 Riemannian spaces / 172 8.4 A plan for general relativity / 177 Exercises 8 / 180 9 Static and stationary spacetimes / 183 9.1 The coordinate lattice / 183 9.2 Synchronization of clocks / 184 9.3 First standard form of the metric / 186 9.4 Newtonian support for the geodesic law of motion / 188 9.5 Symmetries and the geometric characterization of static and stationary spacetimes / 191 9.6 Canonical metric and relativistic potentials / 195 9.7 The uniformly rotating lattice in Minkowski space / 198 Exercises 9 / 200 10 Geodesies, curvature tensor and vacuum field equations / 203 10.1 Tensors for general relativity / 203 10.2 Geodesies / 204 10.3 Geodesic coordinates / 208 10.4 Covariant and absolute differentiation / 210 10.5 The Riemann curvature tensor / 217 10.6 Einstein's vacuum field equations / 221 Exercises 10 / 224 11 The Schwarzschild metric / 228 11.1 Derivation of the metric / 228 11.2 Properties of the metric / 230 11.3 The geometry of the Schwarzschild lattice / 231 11.4 Contributions of the spatial curvature to post-Newtonian effects / 233 11.5 Coordinates and measurements / 235 11.6 The gravitational frequency shift / 236 11.7 Isotropic metric and Shapiro time delay / 237 11.8 Particle orbits in Schwarzschild space / 238 11.9 The precession of Mercury's orbit / 241 11.10 Photon orbits / 245 11.11 Deflection of light by a spherical mass / 248 11.12 Gravitational lenses / 250 11.13 de Sitter precession via rotating coordinates / 252 Exercises 11 / 254 12 Black holes and Kruskal space / 258 12.1 Schwarzschild black holes / 258 12.2 Potential energy; A general-relativistic `proof' of $E = m c^2$ / 263 12.3 The extendibility of Schwarzschild spacetime / 265 12.4 The uniformly accelerated lattice / 267 12.5 Kruskal space / 272 12.6 Black-hole thermodynamics and related topics / 279 Exercises 12 / 281 13 An exact plane gravitational wave / 284 13.1 Introduction / 284 13.2 The plane-wave metric / 284 13.3 When wave meets dust / 287 13.4 Inertial coordinates behind the wave / 288 13.5 When wave meets light / 290 13.6 The Penrose topology / 291 13.7 Solving the field equation / 293 Exercises 13 / 295 14 The full field equations; de Sitter space / 296 14.1 The laws of physics in curved spacetime / 296 14.2 At last, the full field equations / 299 14.3 The cosmological constant / 303 14.4 Modified Schwarzschild space / 304 14.5 de Sitter space / 306 14.6 Anti-de Sitter space / 312 Exercises 14 / 314 15 Linearized general relativity / 318 15.1 The basic equations / 318 15.2 Gravitational waves. The TT gauge / 323 15.3 Some physics of plane waves / 325 15.4 Generation and detection of gravitational waves / 330 15.5 The electromagnetic analogy in linearized GR / 335 Exercises 15 / 341 III Cosmology / 345 16 Cosmological spacetimes / 347 16.1 The basic facts / 347 16.2 Beginning to construct the model / 358 16.3 Milne's model / 360 16.4 The Friedman--Robertson--Walker metric / 363 16.5 Robertson and Walker's theorem / 368 Exercises 16 / 369 17 Light propagation in FRW universes / 373 17.1 Representation of FRW universes by subuniverses / 373 17.2 The cosmological frequency shift / 374 17.3 Cosmological horizons / 376 17.4 The apparent horizon / 382 17.5 Observables / 384 Exercises 17 / 388 18 Dynamics of FRW universes / 391 18.1 Applying the field equations / 391 18.2 What the field equations tell us / 393 18.3 The Friedman models / 396 18.4 Once again, comparison with observation / 405 18.5 Inflation / 409 18.6 The anthropic principle / 413 Exercises 18 / 415 Appendix: Curvature tensor components for the diagonal metric / 417 Index / 421

rawTOC:
Introduction / 1 \\ 1 From absolute space and time to influenceable spacetime: an overview / 3 \\ 1.1 Definition of relativity / 3 \\ 1.2 Newton's laws and inertial frames / 4 \\ 1.3 The Galilean transformation / 5 \\ 1.4 Newtonian relativity / 6 \\ 1.5 Objections to absolute space; Mach's principle / 7 \\ 1.6 The ether / 9 \\ 1.7 Michelson and Morley's search for the ether / 9 \\ 1.8 Lorentz's ether theory / 10 \\ 1.9 Origins of special relativity / 12 \\ 1.10 Further arguments for Einstein's two postulates / 14 \\ 1.11 Cosmology and first doubts about inertial frames / 15 \\ 1.12 Inertial and gravitational mass / 16 \\ 1.13 Einstein's equivalence principle / 18 \\ 1.14 Preview of general relativity / 20 \\ 1.15 Caveats on the equivalence principle / 22 \\ 1.16 Gravitational frequency shift and light bending / 24 \\ Exercises 1 / 27 \\ 1 Special Relativity / 31 \\ 2 Foundations of special relativity; The Lorentz transformation / 33 \\ 2.1 On the nature of physical theories / 33 \\ 2.2 Basic features of special relativity / 34 \\ 2.3 Relativistic problem solving / 36 \\ 2.4 Relativity of simultaneity, time-dilation and length-contraction: a preview / 38 \\ 2.5 The relativity principle and the homogeneity and isotropy of inertial frames / 39 \\ 2.6 The coordinate lattice; Definitions of simultaneity / 41 \\ 2.7 Derivation of the Lorentz transformation / 43 \\ 2.8 Properties of the Lorentz transformation / 47 \\ 2.9 Graphical representation of the Lorentz transformation / 49 \\ 2.10 The relativistic speed limit / 54 \\ 2.11 Which transformations are allowed by the relativity principle? / 57 \\ Exercises 2 / 58 \\ Relativistic kinematics / 61 \\ 3.1 Introduction / 61 \\ 3.2 World-picture and world-map / 61 \\ 3.3 Length contraction / 62 \\ 3.4 Length contraction paradox / 63 \\ 3.5 Time dilation; The twin paradox / 64 \\ 3.6' Velocity transformation; Relative and mutual velocity / 68 \\ 3.7 Acceleration transformation; Hyperbolic motion / 70 \\ 3.8 Rigid motion and the uniformly accelerated rod / 71 \\ Exercises 3 / 73 \\ Relativistic optics / 77 \\ 4.1 Introduction / 77 \\ 4.2 The drag effect / 77 \\ 4.3 The Doppler effect / 78 \\ 4.4 Aberration / 81 \\ 4.5 The visual appearance of moving objects / 82 \\ Exercises 4 / 85 \\ Spacetime and four-vectors / 89 \\ 5.1 The discovery of Minkowski space / 89 \\ 5.2 Three-dimensional Minkowski diagrams / 90 \\ 5.3 Light cones and intervals 9\ 5.4 Three-vectors / 94 \\ 5.5 Four-vectors \. / 97 \\ 5.6 The geometry of four-vectors / 101 \\ 5.7 Plane waves / 103 \\ Exercises 5 / 105 \\ Relativistic particle mechanics / 108 \\ 6.1 Domain of sufficient validity of Newtonian mechanics / 108 \\ 6.2 The axioms of the new mechanics / 109 \\ 6.3 The equivalence of mass and energy / 111 \\ 6.4 Four-momentum identities / 114 \\ 6.5 Relativistic billiards / 115 \\ 6.6 The zero-momentum frame / 117 \\ 6.7 Threshold energies / 118 \\ 6.8 Light quanta and de Broglie waves / 119 \\ 6.9 The Compton effect / 121 \\ 6.10 Four-force and three-force / 123 \\ Exercises 6 / 126 \\ 7 Four-tensors; Electromagnetism in vacuum / 130 \\ 7.1 Tensors: Preliminary ideas and notations / 130 \\ 7.2 Tensors: Definition and properties / 132 \\ 7.3 Maxwell's equations-in tensor form / 139 \\ 7.4 The four-potential / 143 \\ 7.5 Transformation of e and b; The dual field / 146 \\ 7.6 The field of a uniformly moving point charge / 148 \\ 7.7 The field of an infinite straight current / 150 \\ 7.8 The energy tensor of the electromagnetic field / 151 \\ 7.9 From the mechanics of the field to the mechanics of material continua / 154 \\ Exercises 7 / 157 \\ II General Relativity / 163 \\ 8 Curved spaces and the basic ideas of general relativity / 165 \\ 8.1 Curved surfaces / 165 \\ 8.2 Curved spaces of higher dimensions / 169 \\ 8.3 Riemannian spaces / 172 \\ 8.4 A plan for general relativity / 177 \\ Exercises 8 / 180 \\ 9 Static and stationary spacetimes / 183 \\ 9.1 The coordinate lattice / 183 \\ 9.2 Synchronization of clocks / 184 \\ 9.3 First standard form of the metric / 186 \\ 9.4 Newtonian support for the geodesic law of motion / 188 \\ 9.5 Symmetries and the geometric characterization of static and stationary spacetimes / 191 \\ 9.6 Canonical metric and relativistic potentials / 195 \\ 9.7 The uniformly rotating lattice in Minkowski space / 198 \\ Exercises 9 / 200 \\ 10 Geodesies, curvature tensor and vacuum field equations / 203 \\ 10.1 Tensors for general relativity / 203 \\ 10.2 Geodesies / 204 \\ 10.3 Geodesic coordinates / 208 \\ 10.4 Covariant and absolute differentiation / 210 \\ 10.5 The Riemann curvature tensor / 217 \\ 10.6 Einstein's vacuum field equations / 221 \\ Exercises 10 / 224 \\ 11 The Schwarzschild metric / 228 \\ 11.1 Derivation of the metric / 228 \\ 11.2 Properties of the metric / 230 \\ 11.3 The geometry of the Schwarzschild lattice / 231 \\ 11.4 Contributions of the spatial curvature to post-Newtonian effects / 233 \\ 11.5 Coordinates and measurements / 235 \\ 11.6 The gravitational frequency shift / 236 \\ 11.7 Isotropic metric and Shapiro time delay / 237 \\ 11.8 Particle orbits in Schwarzschild space / 238 \\ 11.9 The precession of Mercury's orbit / 241 \\ 11.10 Photon orbits / 245 \\ 11.11 Deflection of light by a spherical mass / 248 \\ 11.12 Gravitational lenses / 250 \\ 11.13 de Sitter precession via rotating coordinates / 252 \\ Exercises 11 / 254 \\ 12 Black holes and Kruskal space / 258 \\ 12.1 Schwarzschild black holes / 258 \\ 12.2 Potential energy; A general-relativistic `proof' of $E = m c^2$ / 263 \\ 12.3 The extendibility of Schwarzschild spacetime / 265 \\ 12.4 The uniformly accelerated lattice / 267 \\ 12.5 Kruskal space / 272 \\ 12.6 Black-hole thermodynamics and related topics / 279 \\ Exercises 12 / 281 \\ 13 An exact plane gravitational wave / 284 \\ 13.1 Introduction / 284 \\ 13.2 The plane-wave metric / 284 \\ 13.3 When wave meets dust / 287 \\ 13.4 Inertial coordinates behind the wave / 288 \\ 13.5 When wave meets light / 290 \\ 13.6 The Penrose topology / 291 \\ 13.7 Solving the field equation / 293 \\ Exercises 13 / 295 \\ 14 The full field equations; de Sitter space / 296 \\ 14.1 The laws of physics in curved spacetime / 296 \\ 14.2 At last, the full field equations / 299 \\ 14.3 The cosmological constant / 303 \\ 14.4 Modified Schwarzschild space / 304 \\ 14.5 de Sitter space / 306 \\ 14.6 Anti-de Sitter space / 312 \\ Exercises 14 / 314 \\ 15 Linearized general relativity / 318 \\ 15.1 The basic equations / 318 \\ 15.2 Gravitational waves. The TT gauge / 323 \\ 15.3 Some physics of plane waves / 325 \\ 15.4 Generation and detection of gravitational waves / 330 \\ 15.5 The electromagnetic analogy in linearized GR / 335 \\ Exercises 15 / 341 \\ III Cosmology / 345 \\ 16 Cosmological spacetimes / 347 \\ 16.1 The basic facts / 347 \\ 16.2 Beginning to construct the model / 358 \\ 16.3 Milne's model / 360 \\ 16.4 The Friedman--Robertson--Walker metric / 363 \\ 16.5 Robertson and Walker's theorem / 368 \\ Exercises 16 / 369 \\ 17 Light propagation in FRW universes / 373 \\ 17.1 Representation of FRW universes by subuniverses / 373 \\ 17.2 The cosmological frequency shift / 374 \\ 17.3 Cosmological horizons / 376 \\ 17.4 The apparent horizon / 382 \\ 17.5 Observables / 384 \\ Exercises 17 / 388 \\ 18 Dynamics of FRW universes / 391 \\ 18.1 Applying the field equations / 391 \\ 18.2 What the field equations tell us / 393 \\ 18.3 The Friedman models / 396 \\ 18.4 Once again, comparison with observation / 405 \\ 18.5 Inflation / 409 \\ 18.6 The anthropic principle / 413 \\ Exercises 18 / 415 \\ Appendix: Curvature tensor components for the diagonal metric / 417 \\ Index / 421

entry:
@Book{Rindler:2001:RSG,
  author =       "Wolfgang Rindler",
  title =        "{Relativity}: special, general, and cosmological",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xiii + 428",
  year =         "2001",
  ISBN =         "0-19-850836-0 (paperback), 0-19-850835-2 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-850836-6 (paperback), 978-0-19-850835-9
                 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QC173.55 .R563 2001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 24 14:11:20 MST 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0610/00067605-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0610/00067605-t.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "relativity (physics); cosmology",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction / 1 \\
                 1 From absolute space and time to influenceable
                 spacetime: an overview / 3 \\
                 1.1 Definition of relativity / 3 \\
                 1.2 Newton's laws and inertial frames / 4 \\
                 1.3 The Galilean transformation / 5 \\
                 1.4 Newtonian relativity / 6 \\
                 1.5 Objections to absolute space; Mach's principle / 7
                 \\
                 1.6 The ether / 9 \\
                 1.7 Michelson and Morley's search for the ether / 9 \\
                 1.8 Lorentz's ether theory / 10 \\
                 1.9 Origins of special relativity / 12 \\
                 1.10 Further arguments for Einstein's two postulates /
                 14 \\
                 1.11 Cosmology and first doubts about inertial frames /
                 15 \\
                 1.12 Inertial and gravitational mass / 16 \\
                 1.13 Einstein's equivalence principle / 18 \\
                 1.14 Preview of general relativity / 20 \\
                 1.15 Caveats on the equivalence principle / 22 \\
                 1.16 Gravitational frequency shift and light bending /
                 24 \\
                 Exercises 1 / 27 \\
                 1 Special Relativity / 31 \\
                 2 Foundations of special relativity; The Lorentz
                 transformation / 33 \\
                 2.1 On the nature of physical theories / 33 \\
                 2.2 Basic features of special relativity / 34 \\
                 2.3 Relativistic problem solving / 36 \\
                 2.4 Relativity of simultaneity, time-dilation and
                 length-contraction: a preview / 38 \\
                 2.5 The relativity principle and the homogeneity and
                 isotropy of inertial frames / 39 \\
                 2.6 The coordinate lattice; Definitions of simultaneity
                 / 41 \\
                 2.7 Derivation of the Lorentz transformation / 43 \\
                 2.8 Properties of the Lorentz transformation / 47 \\
                 2.9 Graphical representation of the Lorentz
                 transformation / 49 \\
                 2.10 The relativistic speed limit / 54 \\
                 2.11 Which transformations are allowed by the
                 relativity principle? / 57 \\
                 Exercises 2 / 58 \\
                 Relativistic kinematics / 61 \\
                 3.1 Introduction / 61 \\
                 3.2 World-picture and world-map / 61 \\
                 3.3 Length contraction / 62 \\
                 3.4 Length contraction paradox / 63 \\
                 3.5 Time dilation; The twin paradox / 64 \\
                 3.6' Velocity transformation; Relative and mutual
                 velocity / 68 \\
                 3.7 Acceleration transformation; Hyperbolic motion / 70
                 \\
                 3.8 Rigid motion and the uniformly accelerated rod / 71
                 \\
                 Exercises 3 / 73 \\
                 Relativistic optics / 77 \\
                 4.1 Introduction / 77 \\
                 4.2 The drag effect / 77 \\
                 4.3 The Doppler effect / 78 \\
                 4.4 Aberration / 81 \\
                 4.5 The visual appearance of moving objects / 82 \\
                 Exercises 4 / 85 \\
                 Spacetime and four-vectors / 89 \\
                 5.1 The discovery of Minkowski space / 89 \\
                 5.2 Three-dimensional Minkowski diagrams / 90 \\
                 5.3 Light cones and intervals 9\ 5.4 Three-vectors / 94
                 \\
                 5.5 Four-vectors \. / 97 \\
                 5.6 The geometry of four-vectors / 101 \\
                 5.7 Plane waves / 103 \\
                 Exercises 5 / 105 \\
                 Relativistic particle mechanics / 108 \\
                 6.1 Domain of sufficient validity of Newtonian
                 mechanics / 108 \\
                 6.2 The axioms of the new mechanics / 109 \\
                 6.3 The equivalence of mass and energy / 111 \\
                 6.4 Four-momentum identities / 114 \\
                 6.5 Relativistic billiards / 115 \\
                 6.6 The zero-momentum frame / 117 \\
                 6.7 Threshold energies / 118 \\
                 6.8 Light quanta and de Broglie waves / 119 \\
                 6.9 The Compton effect / 121 \\
                 6.10 Four-force and three-force / 123 \\
                 Exercises 6 / 126 \\
                 7 Four-tensors; Electromagnetism in vacuum / 130 \\
                 7.1 Tensors: Preliminary ideas and notations / 130 \\
                 7.2 Tensors: Definition and properties / 132 \\
                 7.3 Maxwell's equations-in tensor form / 139 \\
                 7.4 The four-potential / 143 \\
                 7.5 Transformation of e and b; The dual field / 146 \\
                 7.6 The field of a uniformly moving point charge / 148
                 \\
                 7.7 The field of an infinite straight current / 150 \\
                 7.8 The energy tensor of the electromagnetic field /
                 151 \\
                 7.9 From the mechanics of the field to the mechanics of
                 material continua / 154 \\
                 Exercises 7 / 157 \\
                 II General Relativity / 163 \\
                 8 Curved spaces and the basic ideas of general
                 relativity / 165 \\
                 8.1 Curved surfaces / 165 \\
                 8.2 Curved spaces of higher dimensions / 169 \\
                 8.3 Riemannian spaces / 172 \\
                 8.4 A plan for general relativity / 177 \\
                 Exercises 8 / 180 \\
                 9 Static and stationary spacetimes / 183 \\
                 9.1 The coordinate lattice / 183 \\
                 9.2 Synchronization of clocks / 184 \\
                 9.3 First standard form of the metric / 186 \\
                 9.4 Newtonian support for the geodesic law of motion /
                 188 \\
                 9.5 Symmetries and the geometric characterization of
                 static and stationary spacetimes / 191 \\
                 9.6 Canonical metric and relativistic potentials / 195
                 \\
                 9.7 The uniformly rotating lattice in Minkowski space /
                 198 \\
                 Exercises 9 / 200 \\
                 10 Geodesies, curvature tensor and vacuum field
                 equations / 203 \\
                 10.1 Tensors for general relativity / 203 \\
                 10.2 Geodesies / 204 \\
                 10.3 Geodesic coordinates / 208 \\
                 10.4 Covariant and absolute differentiation / 210 \\
                 10.5 The Riemann curvature tensor / 217 \\
                 10.6 Einstein's vacuum field equations / 221 \\
                 Exercises 10 / 224 \\
                 11 The Schwarzschild metric / 228 \\
                 11.1 Derivation of the metric / 228 \\
                 11.2 Properties of the metric / 230 \\
                 11.3 The geometry of the Schwarzschild lattice / 231
                 \\
                 11.4 Contributions of the spatial curvature to
                 post-Newtonian effects / 233 \\
                 11.5 Coordinates and measurements / 235 \\
                 11.6 The gravitational frequency shift / 236 \\
                 11.7 Isotropic metric and Shapiro time delay / 237 \\
                 11.8 Particle orbits in Schwarzschild space / 238 \\
                 11.9 The precession of Mercury's orbit / 241 \\
                 11.10 Photon orbits / 245 \\
                 11.11 Deflection of light by a spherical mass / 248 \\
                 11.12 Gravitational lenses / 250 \\
                 11.13 de Sitter precession via rotating coordinates /
                 252 \\
                 Exercises 11 / 254 \\
                 12 Black holes and Kruskal space / 258 \\
                 12.1 Schwarzschild black holes / 258 \\
                 12.2 Potential energy; A general-relativistic `proof'
                 of $E = m c^2$ / 263 \\
                 12.3 The extendibility of Schwarzschild spacetime / 265
                 \\
                 12.4 The uniformly accelerated lattice / 267 \\
                 12.5 Kruskal space / 272 \\
                 12.6 Black-hole thermodynamics and related topics / 279
                 \\
                 Exercises 12 / 281 \\
                 13 An exact plane gravitational wave / 284 \\
                 13.1 Introduction / 284 \\
                 13.2 The plane-wave metric / 284 \\
                 13.3 When wave meets dust / 287 \\
                 13.4 Inertial coordinates behind the wave / 288 \\
                 13.5 When wave meets light / 290 \\
                 13.6 The Penrose topology / 291 \\
                 13.7 Solving the field equation / 293 \\
                 Exercises 13 / 295 \\
                 14 The full field equations; de Sitter space / 296 \\
                 14.1 The laws of physics in curved spacetime / 296 \\
                 14.2 At last, the full field equations / 299 \\
                 14.3 The cosmological constant / 303 \\
                 14.4 Modified Schwarzschild space / 304 \\
                 14.5 de Sitter space / 306 \\
                 14.6 Anti-de Sitter space / 312 \\
                 Exercises 14 / 314 \\
                 15 Linearized general relativity / 318 \\
                 15.1 The basic equations / 318 \\
                 15.2 Gravitational waves. The TT gauge / 323 \\
                 15.3 Some physics of plane waves / 325 \\
                 15.4 Generation and detection of gravitational waves /
                 330 \\
                 15.5 The electromagnetic analogy in linearized GR / 335
                 \\
                 Exercises 15 / 341 \\
                 III Cosmology / 345 \\
                 16 Cosmological spacetimes / 347 \\
                 16.1 The basic facts / 347 \\
                 16.2 Beginning to construct the model / 358 \\
                 16.3 Milne's model / 360 \\
                 16.4 The Friedman--Robertson--Walker metric / 363 \\
                 16.5 Robertson and Walker's theorem / 368 \\
                 Exercises 16 / 369 \\
                 17 Light propagation in FRW universes / 373 \\
                 17.1 Representation of FRW universes by subuniverses /
                 373 \\
                 17.2 The cosmological frequency shift / 374 \\
                 17.3 Cosmological horizons / 376 \\
                 17.4 The apparent horizon / 382 \\
                 17.5 Observables / 384 \\
                 Exercises 17 / 388 \\
                 18 Dynamics of FRW universes / 391 \\
                 18.1 Applying the field equations / 391 \\
                 18.2 What the field equations tell us / 393 \\
                 18.3 The Friedman models / 396 \\
                 18.4 Once again, comparison with observation / 405 \\
                 18.5 Inflation / 409 \\
                 18.6 The anthropic principle / 413 \\
                 Exercises 18 / 415 \\
                 Appendix: Curvature tensor components for the diagonal
                 metric / 417 \\
                 Index / 421",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Carmeli:2002:CSR
author: Moshe Carmeli
title: Cosmological Special Relativity: the large scale structure of space, time and velocity
publisher: pub-WORLD-SCI
address: pub-WORLD-SCI:adr
edition: Second
pages: xvi + 207
year: 2002
ISBN: 981-02-4936-5 OR 9810249365
ISBN13: 978-981-02-4936-6 OR 9789810249366
LCCN: QB981 .C363 2002
bibdate: Mon Oct 9 07:52:59 MDT 2006
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2006.10.09 07:52:59 MDT
URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy031/2002025893.html
subject: Cosmology; Special Relativity (physics); Gravitational fields; Space and time
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Moshe Carmeli
rawtitle: Cosmological {Special Relativity}: the large scale structure of space, time and velocity
TOC:
1 Introduction 1.1 Historical background 1.2 Cosmology and Special Relativity 1.3 References 2 Cosmological Special Relativity 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Fundamentals of Special Relativity 2.3 Present-day cosmology 2.4 Postulates 2.5 Cosmic frames 2.6 Spacevelocity in cosmology 2.7 Pre-Special-Relativity 2.8 Relative cosmic time 2.9 Inadequacy of the classical transformation 2.10 Universe expansion versus light propagation 2.11 The cosmological transformation 2.12 Interpretation of the cosmological transformation 2.13 Another derivation of the cosmological transformation 2.14 The galaxy cone 2.15 Consequences of the cosmological transformation 2.15.1 Classical limit 2.15.2 Length contraction 2.15.3 Velocity contraction 2.15.4 Law of addition of cosmic times 2.15.5 Inflation of the Universe 2.15.6 Minimal acceleration in nature 2.15.7 Cosmological redshift 2.16 Concluding remarks 2.17 References 3 Extension of the Lorentz Group to Cosmology 3.1 Preliminaries 3.2 The line element 3.3 The transformations explicitly 3.4 The generalized transformation 3.5 Concluding remarks 3.6 References 4 Fundamentals of Einstein's Special Relativity 4.1 Postulates of Special Relativity 4.1.1 The Principle of Relativity. Constancy of the speed of light 4.1.2 Coordinates 4.1.3 Inertial coordinate system 4.1.4 Simultaneity 4.2 The Galilean transformation 4.2.1 The Galilean group 4.3 The Lorentz transformation 4.3.1 Measuring rods and clocks 4.3.2 Spatial coordinates and time 4.3.3 Einstein's paradox 4.3.4 Apparent incompatibility of the Special Relativity postulates 4.3.5 Remark on action-at-a-distance 4.3.6 Derivation of the Lorentz transformation 4.3.7 The Lorentz group 4.3.8 Problems 4.4 Consequences of the Lorentz transformation 4.4.1 Nonrelativistic limit 4.4.2 The Lorentz contraction of lengths 4.4.3 The dilation of time 4.4.4 The addition of velocities law 4.4.5 Problems 4.5 References 5 Structure of Spacetime 5.1 Special Relativity as a valuable guide 5.2 Four dimensions in classical mechanics 5.3 The Minkowskian spacetime 5.4 Proper time 5.5 Velocity and acceleration four-vectors 5.6 Problems 5.7 References 6 The Light Cone 6.1 The light cone 6.2 Events and coordinate systems 6.3 Problems 6.4 Future and past 6.5 References 7 Mass, Energy and Momentum 7.1 Preliminaries 7.2 Mass, energy and momentum 7.3 Angular-momentum representation 7.4 Energy-momentum four-vector 7.5 Problems 7.6 References 8 Velocity, Acceleration and Cosmic Distances 8.1 Preliminaries 8.2 Velocity and acceleration four-vectors 8.3 Acceleration and distances 8.4 Energy in ESR versus cosmic distance in CSR 8.5 Distance-velocity four-vector 8.6 Conclusions 8.7 References 9 First Days of the Universe 9.1 Preliminaries 9.2 Lengths of days 9.3 Comparison with Einstein's Special Relativity 9.4 References A Cosmological General Relativity A.1 Preliminaries A.2 Cosmology in spacevelocity A.3 Gravitational field equations A.4 Solution of the field equations A.5 Classification of universes A.6 Physical meaning A.7 The accelerating universe A.8 Theory versus experiment A.9 Concluding remarks A.10 References B Five-Dimensional Brane World Theory B.1 Introduction B.1.1 Cosmic coordinate systems: The Hubble transformation B.1.2 Lorentz-like cosmological transformation B.1.3 Five-dimensional manifold of space, time and velocity B.2 Universe with gravitation B.2.1 The Bianchi identities B.2.2 The gravitational field equations B.2.3 Velocity as an independent coordinate B.2.4 Effective mass density in cosmology B.3 The accelerating Universe B.3.1 Preliminaries B.3.2 Expanding Universe B.3.3 Decelerating, constant and accelerating expansions B.3.4 Accelerating Universe B.4 The Tully--Fisher formula: Halo dark matter B.4.1 The geodesic equation B.4.2 Equations of motion B.4.3 The Tully--Fisher law B.5 The cosmological constant B.5.1 The cosmological term B.5.2 The supernovae experiments value for the cosmological constant B.5.3 The Behar-Carmeli predicted value for the cosmological constant B.5.4 Comparison with experiment B.6 Cosmological redshift analysis B.6.1 The redshift formula B.6.2 Particular cases B.6.3 Conclusions B.7 Concluding remarks B.8 Mathematical conventions and Christoffel symbols B.9 Components of the Ricci tensor B.10 Integration of the Universe expansion equation B.11 References C Cosmic Temperature Decline C.1 Introduction C.2 Temperature formula without gravity C.3 Comparison C.4 References

rawTOC:
1 Introduction \\ 1.1 Historical background \\ 1.2 Cosmology and Special Relativity \\ 1.3 References \\ 2 Cosmological Special Relativity \\ 2.1 Introduction \\ 2.2 Fundamentals of Special Relativity \\ 2.3 Present-day cosmology \\ 2.4 Postulates \\ 2.5 Cosmic frames \\ 2.6 Spacevelocity in cosmology \\ 2.7 Pre-Special-Relativity \\ 2.8 Relative cosmic time \\ 2.9 Inadequacy of the classical transformation \\ 2.10 Universe expansion versus light propagation \\ 2.11 The cosmological transformation \\ 2.12 Interpretation of the cosmological transformation \\ 2.13 Another derivation of the \\ cosmological transformation \\ 2.14 The galaxy cone \\ 2.15 Consequences of the cosmological transformation \\ 2.15.1 Classical limit \\ 2.15.2 Length contraction \\ 2.15.3 Velocity contraction \\ 2.15.4 Law of addition of cosmic times \\ 2.15.5 Inflation of the Universe \\ 2.15.6 Minimal acceleration in nature \\ 2.15.7 Cosmological redshift \\ 2.16 Concluding remarks \\ 2.17 References \\ 3 Extension of the Lorentz Group to Cosmology \\ 3.1 Preliminaries \\ 3.2 The line element \\ 3.3 The transformations explicitly \\ 3.4 The generalized transformation \\ 3.5 Concluding remarks \\ 3.6 References \\ 4 Fundamentals of Einstein's Special Relativity \\ 4.1 Postulates of Special Relativity \\ 4.1.1 The Principle of Relativity. Constancy of the \\ speed of light \\ 4.1.2 Coordinates \\ 4.1.3 Inertial coordinate system \\ 4.1.4 Simultaneity \\ 4.2 The Galilean transformation \\ 4.2.1 The Galilean group \\ 4.3 The Lorentz transformation \\ 4.3.1 Measuring rods and clocks \\ 4.3.2 Spatial coordinates and time \\ 4.3.3 Einstein's paradox \\ 4.3.4 Apparent incompatibility of the Special Relativity postulates \\ 4.3.5 Remark on action-at-a-distance \\ 4.3.6 Derivation of the Lorentz transformation \\ 4.3.7 The Lorentz group \\ 4.3.8 Problems \\ 4.4 Consequences of the Lorentz transformation \\ 4.4.1 Nonrelativistic limit \\ 4.4.2 The Lorentz contraction of lengths \\ 4.4.3 The dilation of time \\ 4.4.4 The addition of velocities law \\ 4.4.5 Problems \\ 4.5 References \\ 5 Structure of Spacetime \\ 5.1 Special Relativity as a valuable guide \\ 5.2 Four dimensions in classical mechanics \\ 5.3 The Minkowskian spacetime \\ 5.4 Proper time \\ 5.5 Velocity and acceleration four-vectors \\ 5.6 Problems \\ 5.7 References \\ 6 The Light Cone \\ 6.1 The light cone \\ 6.2 Events and coordinate systems \\ 6.3 Problems \\ 6.4 Future and past \\ 6.5 References \\ 7 Mass, Energy and Momentum \\ 7.1 Preliminaries \\ 7.2 Mass, energy and momentum \\ 7.3 Angular-momentum representation \\ 7.4 Energy-momentum four-vector \\ 7.5 Problems \\ 7.6 References \\ 8 Velocity, Acceleration and Cosmic Distances \\ 8.1 Preliminaries \\ 8.2 Velocity and acceleration four-vectors \\ 8.3 Acceleration and distances \\ 8.4 Energy in ESR versus cosmic distance in CSR \\ 8.5 Distance-velocity four-vector \\ 8.6 Conclusions \\ 8.7 References \\ 9 First Days of the Universe \\ 9.1 Preliminaries \\ 9.2 Lengths of days \\ 9.3 Comparison with Einstein's Special Relativity \\ 9.4 References \\ A Cosmological General Relativity \\ A.1 Preliminaries \\ A.2 Cosmology in spacevelocity \\ A.3 Gravitational field equations \\ A.4 Solution of the field equations \\ A.5 Classification of universes \\ A.6 Physical meaning \\ A.7 The accelerating universe \\ A.8 Theory versus experiment \\ A.9 Concluding remarks \\ A.10 References \\ B Five-Dimensional Brane World Theory \\ B.1 Introduction \\ B.1.1 Cosmic coordinate systems: The Hubble transformation \\ B.1.2 Lorentz-like cosmological transformation \\ B.1.3 Five-dimensional manifold of space, time and \\ velocity \\ B.2 Universe with gravitation \\ B.2.1 The Bianchi identities \\ B.2.2 The gravitational field equations \\ B.2.3 Velocity as an independent coordinate \\ B.2.4 Effective mass density in cosmology \\ B.3 The accelerating Universe \\ B.3.1 Preliminaries \\ B.3.2 Expanding Universe \\ B.3.3 Decelerating, constant and accelerating expansions \\ B.3.4 Accelerating Universe \\ B.4 The Tully--Fisher formula: Halo dark matter \\ B.4.1 The geodesic equation \\ B.4.2 Equations of motion \\ B.4.3 The Tully--Fisher law \\ B.5 The cosmological constant \\ B.5.1 The cosmological term \\ B.5.2 The supernovae experiments value for the \\ cosmological constant \\ B.5.3 The Behar-Carmeli predicted value for the \\ cosmological constant \\ B.5.4 Comparison with experiment \\ B.6 Cosmological redshift analysis \\ B.6.1 The redshift formula \\ B.6.2 Particular cases \\ B.6.3 Conclusions \\ B.7 Concluding remarks \\ B.8 Mathematical conventions and Christoffel symbols \\ B.9 Components of the Ricci tensor \\ B.10 Integration of the Universe expansion equation \\ B.11 References \\ C Cosmic Temperature Decline \\ C.1 Introduction \\ C.2 Temperature formula without gravity \\ C.3 Comparison \\ C.4 References

entry:
@Book{Carmeli:2002:CSR,
  author =       "Moshe Carmeli",
  title =        "Cosmological {Special Relativity}: the large scale
                 structure of space, time and velocity",
  publisher =    pub-WORLD-SCI,
  address =      pub-WORLD-SCI:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xvi + 207",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "981-02-4936-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-981-02-4936-6",
  LCCN =         "QB981 .C363 2002",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 9 07:52:59 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy031/2002025893.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Cosmology; Special Relativity (physics); Gravitational
                 fields; Space and time",
  tableofcontents = "1 Introduction \\
                 1.1 Historical background \\
                 1.2 Cosmology and Special Relativity \\
                 1.3 References \\
                 2 Cosmological Special Relativity \\
                 2.1 Introduction \\
                 2.2 Fundamentals of Special Relativity \\
                 2.3 Present-day cosmology \\
                 2.4 Postulates \\
                 2.5 Cosmic frames \\
                 2.6 Spacevelocity in cosmology \\
                 2.7 Pre-Special-Relativity \\
                 2.8 Relative cosmic time \\
                 2.9 Inadequacy of the classical transformation \\
                 2.10 Universe expansion versus light propagation \\
                 2.11 The cosmological transformation \\
                 2.12 Interpretation of the cosmological transformation
                 \\
                 2.13 Another derivation of the \\
                 cosmological transformation \\
                 2.14 The galaxy cone \\
                 2.15 Consequences of the cosmological transformation
                 \\
                 2.15.1 Classical limit \\
                 2.15.2 Length contraction \\
                 2.15.3 Velocity contraction \\
                 2.15.4 Law of addition of cosmic times \\
                 2.15.5 Inflation of the Universe \\
                 2.15.6 Minimal acceleration in nature \\
                 2.15.7 Cosmological redshift \\
                 2.16 Concluding remarks \\
                 2.17 References \\
                 3 Extension of the Lorentz Group to Cosmology \\
                 3.1 Preliminaries \\
                 3.2 The line element \\
                 3.3 The transformations explicitly \\
                 3.4 The generalized transformation \\
                 3.5 Concluding remarks \\
                 3.6 References \\
                 4 Fundamentals of Einstein's Special Relativity \\
                 4.1 Postulates of Special Relativity \\
                 4.1.1 The Principle of Relativity. Constancy of the \\
                 speed of light \\
                 4.1.2 Coordinates \\
                 4.1.3 Inertial coordinate system \\
                 4.1.4 Simultaneity \\
                 4.2 The Galilean transformation \\
                 4.2.1 The Galilean group \\
                 4.3 The Lorentz transformation \\
                 4.3.1 Measuring rods and clocks \\
                 4.3.2 Spatial coordinates and time \\
                 4.3.3 Einstein's paradox \\
                 4.3.4 Apparent incompatibility of the Special
                 Relativity postulates \\
                 4.3.5 Remark on action-at-a-distance \\
                 4.3.6 Derivation of the Lorentz transformation \\
                 4.3.7 The Lorentz group \\
                 4.3.8 Problems \\
                 4.4 Consequences of the Lorentz transformation \\
                 4.4.1 Nonrelativistic limit \\
                 4.4.2 The Lorentz contraction of lengths \\
                 4.4.3 The dilation of time \\
                 4.4.4 The addition of velocities law \\
                 4.4.5 Problems \\
                 4.5 References \\
                 5 Structure of Spacetime \\
                 5.1 Special Relativity as a valuable guide \\
                 5.2 Four dimensions in classical mechanics \\
                 5.3 The Minkowskian spacetime \\
                 5.4 Proper time \\
                 5.5 Velocity and acceleration four-vectors \\
                 5.6 Problems \\
                 5.7 References \\
                 6 The Light Cone \\
                 6.1 The light cone \\
                 6.2 Events and coordinate systems \\
                 6.3 Problems \\
                 6.4 Future and past \\
                 6.5 References \\
                 7 Mass, Energy and Momentum \\
                 7.1 Preliminaries \\
                 7.2 Mass, energy and momentum \\
                 7.3 Angular-momentum representation \\
                 7.4 Energy-momentum four-vector \\
                 7.5 Problems \\
                 7.6 References \\
                 8 Velocity, Acceleration and Cosmic Distances \\
                 8.1 Preliminaries \\
                 8.2 Velocity and acceleration four-vectors \\
                 8.3 Acceleration and distances \\
                 8.4 Energy in ESR versus cosmic distance in CSR \\
                 8.5 Distance-velocity four-vector \\
                 8.6 Conclusions \\
                 8.7 References \\
                 9 First Days of the Universe \\
                 9.1 Preliminaries \\
                 9.2 Lengths of days \\
                 9.3 Comparison with Einstein's Special Relativity \\
                 9.4 References \\
                 A Cosmological General Relativity \\
                 A.1 Preliminaries \\
                 A.2 Cosmology in spacevelocity \\
                 A.3 Gravitational field equations \\
                 A.4 Solution of the field equations \\
                 A.5 Classification of universes \\
                 A.6 Physical meaning \\
                 A.7 The accelerating universe \\
                 A.8 Theory versus experiment \\
                 A.9 Concluding remarks \\
                 A.10 References \\
                 B Five-Dimensional Brane World Theory \\
                 B.1 Introduction \\
                 B.1.1 Cosmic coordinate systems: The Hubble
                 transformation \\
                 B.1.2 Lorentz-like cosmological transformation \\
                 B.1.3 Five-dimensional manifold of space, time and \\
                 velocity \\
                 B.2 Universe with gravitation \\
                 B.2.1 The Bianchi identities \\
                 B.2.2 The gravitational field equations \\
                 B.2.3 Velocity as an independent coordinate \\
                 B.2.4 Effective mass density in cosmology \\
                 B.3 The accelerating Universe \\
                 B.3.1 Preliminaries \\
                 B.3.2 Expanding Universe \\
                 B.3.3 Decelerating, constant and accelerating
                 expansions \\
                 B.3.4 Accelerating Universe \\
                 B.4 The Tully--Fisher formula: Halo dark matter \\
                 B.4.1 The geodesic equation \\
                 B.4.2 Equations of motion \\
                 B.4.3 The Tully--Fisher law \\
                 B.5 The cosmological constant \\
                 B.5.1 The cosmological term \\
                 B.5.2 The supernovae experiments value for the \\
                 cosmological constant \\
                 B.5.3 The Behar-Carmeli predicted value for the \\
                 cosmological constant \\
                 B.5.4 Comparison with experiment \\
                 B.6 Cosmological redshift analysis \\
                 B.6.1 The redshift formula \\
                 B.6.2 Particular cases \\
                 B.6.3 Conclusions \\
                 B.7 Concluding remarks \\
                 B.8 Mathematical conventions and Christoffel symbols
                 \\
                 B.9 Components of the Ricci tensor \\
                 B.10 Integration of the Universe expansion equation \\
                 B.11 References \\
                 C Cosmic Temperature Decline \\
                 C.1 Introduction \\
                 C.2 Temperature formula without gravity \\
                 C.3 Comparison \\
                 C.4 References",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Durell:2003:RR
author: Clement V. (Clement Vavasor) Durell
title: Readable Relativity
publisher: pub-DOVER
address: pub-DOVER:adr
pages: xi + 146
year: 2003
ISBN: 0-486-43257-2 (paperback) OR 0486432572 (paperback)
ISBN13: 978-0-486-43257-1 (paperback) OR 9780486432571 (paperback)
LCCN: QC173.57 .D87 2003
bibdate: Mon Dec 29 15:34:38 MST 2008
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2008.12.29 15:34:38 MST
URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0614/2003055297-d.html
remark: Originally published: London: G. Bell and Sons Ltd., 1926.
subject: Relativity (Physics); Popular works
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
authordates: 1882--????
rawauthor: Clement V. (Clement Vavasor) Durell
rawtitle: Readable {Relativity}
entry:
@Book{Durell:2003:RR,
  author =       "Clement V. (Clement Vavasor) Durell",
  title =        "Readable {Relativity}",
  publisher =    pub-DOVER,
  address =      pub-DOVER:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 146",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "0-486-43257-2 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-486-43257-1 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC173.57 .D87 2003",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 29 15:34:38 MST 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0614/2003055297-d.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1882--????",
  remark =       "Originally published: London: G. Bell and Sons Ltd.,
                 1926.",
  subject =      "Relativity (Physics); Popular works",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Pathria:2003:TR
author: R. K. Pathria
title: The Theory of Relativity
publisher: pub-DOVER
address: pub-DOVER:adr
pages: x + 314
year: 2003
ISBN: 0-486-42819-2 (paperback) OR 0486428192 (paperback)
ISBN13: 978-0-486-42819-2 (paperback) OR 9780486428192 (paperback)
LCCN: QC173.55 .P37 2003
bibdate: Mon Dec 29 14:59:00 MST 2008
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2008.12.29 14:59:00 MST
remark: Originally published: 2nd ed. Delhi: Hindustan Pub. Corp., 1963.
subject: relativity (physics)
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: R. K. Pathria
rawtitle: The {Theory of Relativity}
URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/dover031/2003043452.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/dover031/2003043452.html

TOC:
Historical Introduction Part 1. The Special Theory: 1. Space--Time Transformations 2. Four-Dimensional Formulation of the Theory 3. Mechanics 4. Optics 5. Electromagnetism Part 2. The General Theory: 6. General Transformations in the Space--Time Continuum 7. Geometrization of Gravitation 8. Experimental Tests of Einstein's Theory of Gravitation 9. Relativistic Cosmology Appendixes. Differential Geometry of a Curved Surface

rawTOC:
Historical Introduction \\ Part 1. The Special Theory: \\ 1. Space--Time Transformations \\ 2. Four-Dimensional Formulation of the Theory \\ 3. Mechanics \\ 4. Optics \\ 5. Electromagnetism \\ Part 2. The General Theory: \\ 6. General Transformations in the Space--Time Continuum \\ 7. Geometrization of Gravitation \\ 8. Experimental Tests of Einstein's Theory of Gravitation \\ 9. Relativistic Cosmology \\ Appendixes. Differential Geometry of a Curved Surface

entry:
@Book{Pathria:2003:TR,
  author =       "R. K. Pathria",
  title =        "The {Theory of Relativity}",
  publisher =    pub-DOVER,
  address =      pub-DOVER:adr,
  pages =        "x + 314",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "0-486-42819-2 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-486-42819-2 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC173.55 .P37 2003",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 29 14:59:00 MST 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/dover031/2003043452.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/dover031/2003043452.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Originally published: 2nd ed. Delhi: Hindustan Pub.
                 Corp., 1963.",
  subject =      "relativity (physics)",
  tableofcontents = "Historical Introduction \\
                 Part 1. The Special Theory: \\
                 1. Space--Time Transformations \\
                 2. Four-Dimensional Formulation of the Theory \\
                 3. Mechanics \\
                 4. Optics \\
                 5. Electromagnetism \\
                 Part 2. The General Theory: \\
                 6. General Transformations in the Space--Time Continuum
                 \\
                 7. Geometrization of Gravitation \\
                 8. Experimental Tests of Einstein's Theory of
                 Gravitation \\
                 9. Relativistic Cosmology \\
                 Appendixes. Differential Geometry of a Curved Surface",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Dvoeglazov:2004:RGC
editor: Valeri V. Dvoeglazov and Augusto A. Espinoza Garrido
title: Relativity, gravitation, cosmology
publisher: Nova Science Publishers
address: Hauppauge, NY, USA
pages: x + 195
year: 2004
ISBN: 1-59033-981-9 OR 1590339819
ISBN13: 978-1-59033-981-7 OR 9781590339817
LCCN: QC173.58 .R45 2004
bibdate: Thu Aug 20 10:52:43 MDT 2015
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2015.08.20 10:52:43 MDT
series: Contemporary fundamental physics
remark: Includes bibliographical references and index.
subject: Relativity (Physics); Gravitation; Cosmology
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
raweditor: Valeri V. Dvoeglazov and Augusto A. {Espinoza Garrido}
rawtitle: Relativity, gravitation, cosmology
TOC:
1: Extended Relativistic Mechanics of Charged Particle / Robert M. Yamaleev / 1 2: The Schwarzschild Solution in a Kaluza--Klein Theory with Two Times / J. Kocinski and M. Wierbicki / 19 3: Cartana's Torsion: Necessity and Observational Evidence / Rainer W. Kuhne / 37 4: On Torison in a Theory of Gravity / 43 5: Electron in the Einstein--Weyl Space / 61 6: Toward the Unification of Gravity and Electromagnetism / R. L. Amoroso and J. P. Vigier / 71 7: Time Evolution of a Quantum Particle and a Generalized Uncertainty Principle / A. Camacho / 89 8: The Seiberg--Witten Map in Noncommutative Field Theory: an Alternative Interpretation / Subir Ghosh / 97 9: Relativistic Brownian Motion / O. Oron and L. P. Horwitz / 109 10: A New Insight into the Negative-Mass Paradox Gravity and the Accelerating Universe / Guang-Jiong Ni / 123 11: A Minimal Three-flavor Model for Neutrino Oscillation based on Superluminal Property / Guang-Jiong Ni / 137 12: The World of Events Reality: Instantaneous Action as Connection of Events Through time / I. A. Eganova / 149 13: A Topological Perspective of Cosmology / R. M. Kiehn / 163 Index / 193

rawTOC:
1: Extended Relativistic Mechanics of Charged Particle / Robert M. Yamaleev / 1 \\ 2: The Schwarzschild Solution in a Kaluza--Klein Theory with Two Times / J. Kocinski and M. Wierbicki / 19 \\ 3: Cartana's Torsion: Necessity and Observational Evidence / Rainer W. Kuhne / 37 \\ 4: On Torison in a Theory of Gravity / 43 \\ 5: Electron in the Einstein--Weyl Space / 61 \\ 6: Toward the Unification of Gravity and Electromagnetism / R. L. Amoroso and J. P. Vigier / 71 \\ 7: Time Evolution of a Quantum Particle and a Generalized Uncertainty Principle / A. Camacho / 89 \\ 8: The Seiberg--Witten Map in Noncommutative Field Theory: an Alternative Interpretation / Subir Ghosh / 97 \\ 9: Relativistic Brownian Motion / O. Oron and L. P. Horwitz / 109 \\ 10: A New Insight into the Negative-Mass Paradox Gravity and the Accelerating Universe / Guang-Jiong Ni / 123 \\ 11: A Minimal Three-flavor Model for Neutrino Oscillation based on Superluminal Property / Guang-Jiong Ni / 137 \\ 12: The World of Events Reality: Instantaneous Action as Connection of Events Through time / I. A. Eganova / 149 \\ 13: A Topological Perspective of Cosmology / R. M. Kiehn / 163 Index / 193

entry:
@Book{Dvoeglazov:2004:RGC,
  editor =       "Valeri V. Dvoeglazov and Augusto A. {Espinoza
                 Garrido}",
  title =        "Relativity, gravitation, cosmology",
  publisher =    "Nova Science Publishers",
  address =      "Hauppauge, NY, USA",
  pages =        "x + 195",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "1-59033-981-9",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59033-981-7",
  LCCN =         "QC173.58 .R45 2004",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 20 10:52:43 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Contemporary fundamental physics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Includes bibliographical references and index.",
  subject =      "Relativity (Physics); Gravitation; Cosmology",
  tableofcontents = "1: Extended Relativistic Mechanics of Charged
                 Particle / Robert M. Yamaleev / 1 \\
                 2: The Schwarzschild Solution in a Kaluza--Klein Theory
                 with Two Times / J. Kocinski and M. Wierbicki / 19 \\
                 3: Cartana's Torsion: Necessity and Observational
                 Evidence / Rainer W. Kuhne / 37 \\
                 4: On Torison in a Theory of Gravity / 43 \\
                 5: Electron in the Einstein--Weyl Space / 61 \\
                 6: Toward the Unification of Gravity and
                 Electromagnetism / R. L. Amoroso and J. P. Vigier / 71
                 \\
                 7: Time Evolution of a Quantum Particle and a
                 Generalized Uncertainty Principle / A. Camacho / 89 \\
                 8: The Seiberg--Witten Map in Noncommutative Field
                 Theory: an Alternative Interpretation / Subir Ghosh /
                 97 \\
                 9: Relativistic Brownian Motion / O. Oron and L. P.
                 Horwitz / 109 \\
                 10: A New Insight into the Negative-Mass Paradox
                 Gravity and the Accelerating Universe / Guang-Jiong Ni
                 / 123 \\
                 11: A Minimal Three-flavor Model for Neutrino
                 Oscillation based on Superluminal Property /
                 Guang-Jiong Ni / 137 \\
                 12: The World of Events Reality: Instantaneous Action
                 as Connection of Events Through time / I. A. Eganova /
                 149 \\
                 13: A Topological Perspective of Cosmology / R. M.
                 Kiehn / 163 Index / 193",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Oyibo:2004:GUT
author: G. A. Oyibo
publisher: Nova Science Publishers
address: New York, NY, USA
pages: xiii + 126
year: 2004
ISBN: 1-59033-835-9 (hardcover), 1-62808-163-5 (e-book) OR 1590338359 (hardcover), 1628081635 (ebook)
LCCN: QC794.6.G7 O947 2004
bibdate: Thu Aug 20 10:38:38 MDT 2015
bibsource: fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2015.08.20 10:38:38 MDT
URL: http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip047/2003017395.html
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: G. A. Oyibo
title:
Grand unified theorem: discovery of the theory of everything and the fundamental building block of quantum theory

ISBN13:
978-1-59033-835-3 (hardcover), 978-1-62808-163-3 (e-book) OR 9781590338353 (hardcover), 9781628081633 (ebook)

subject:
Grand unified theories (Nuclear physics); Nuclear physics; Group theory; Grand unified theories (Nuclear physics); Group theory.; Nuclear physics.; SCIENCE / Waves and Wave Mechanics

TOC:
Preface 1. Generic Group Theory Definition of Generic or New Group Theory Relationships to traditional Groups Group operations 2. Generic Conservation Laws Generic or Conservation Laws in Cartesian Coordinates Flux Transformations Pure Field vs. Particle Mass Point and Continuum Field Representation for Matter 3. Grand Unified Theorem(GUT) Grand Unified Field Theory Highlights of Previous Attempts to Develop Grand Unified Field Theory Grand Unified Theorem Statement --- Relationship to Previous Formulations Proof of Theorem ``Generalized Proof of Einstein's Theory Using a New Group Theory'' Generic Universal Conservation Equations in Groups independent Variables and Unified Force Field Equations Group Theory and Fundamental Theorem Theorem Conformal Invariance for Conservation Equations General Invariant Solutions Mass Conservation Reproducing Newton's universal gravitational and Einstein's general relativity force fields from present work (Proof of Corollary 2) Reproducing Newtonian Gravitational Fields from present work Reproducing Einstein General Relativity Force Fields from present work Reproducing Maxwell's Electromagnetic Field Theory results from the present work (Proof of Corollary 1) Proposition for the strong and weak nuclear forces Does this work have anything to do with the Fermat's Last Theorem? Full Unsteady Navier Stokes Equations --- General Boltzmann's Equations and Particle Physics Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Equations Incompressible Steady Laminar Navier Stokes Equations Conclusion and General Implications of Invariant Solutions General Summary for the Grand Unified Field Theory Quantum Mechanics Component of the Grand Unified Theorem GAGUT Unifies the Three Known Universe Origin Theories, GAGUT's Quantum Theorem or GAGUT's Third Corollary, String Theory Component of the Grand Unified Theorem Geometry, Relativity and Generalized Unified Force Field Formula Electro-Weak Unification and Generalized Representations From the Grand Unified Theorem's Unified Force Field Formulations God, Cosmology and Genesis Index

rawtitle:
Grand unified theorem: discovery of the theory of everything and the fundamental building block of quantum theory

rawTOC:
Preface \\ 1. Generic Group Theory \\ Definition of Generic or New Group Theory \\ Relationships to traditional Groups \\ Group operations \\ 2. Generic Conservation Laws \\ Generic or Conservation Laws in Cartesian Coordinates \\ Flux Transformations \\ Pure Field vs. Particle Mass Point and Continuum Field Representation for Matter \\ 3. Grand Unified Theorem(GUT) Grand Unified Field Theory \\ Highlights of Previous Attempts to Develop Grand Unified Field Theory \\ Grand Unified Theorem Statement --- Relationship to Previous Formulations \\ Proof of Theorem \\ ``Generalized Proof of Einstein's Theory Using a New Group Theory'' \\ Generic Universal Conservation Equations in Groups independent Variables and Unified Force Field Equations \\ Group Theory and Fundamental Theorem \\ Theorem \\ Conformal Invariance for Conservation Equations \\ General Invariant Solutions \\ Mass Conservation \\ Reproducing Newton's universal gravitational and Einstein's general relativity force fields from present work (Proof of \\ Corollary 2) \\ Reproducing Newtonian Gravitational Fields from present work \\ Reproducing Einstein General Relativity Force Fields from present work \\ Reproducing Maxwell's Electromagnetic Field Theory results from the present work (Proof of Corollary 1) \\ Proposition for the strong and weak nuclear forces \\ Does this work have anything to do with the Fermat's Last Theorem? \\ Full Unsteady Navier Stokes Equations --- General Boltzmann's Equations and Particle Physics \\ Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Equations \\ Incompressible Steady Laminar Navier Stokes Equations \\ Conclusion and General Implications of Invariant Solutions \\ General Summary for the Grand Unified Field Theory \\ Quantum Mechanics Component of the Grand Unified Theorem \\ GAGUT Unifies the Three Known Universe Origin Theories, GAGUT's Quantum Theorem or GAGUT's Third \\ Corollary, String Theory Component of the Grand Unified Theorem \\ Geometry, Relativity and Generalized Unified Force Field Formula \\ Electro-Weak Unification and Generalized Representations From the Grand Unified Theorem's Unified Force Field \\ Formulations \\ God, Cosmology and Genesis \\ Index

entry:
@Book{Oyibo:2004:GUT,
  author =       "G. A. Oyibo",
  title =        "Grand unified theorem: discovery of the theory of
                 everything and the fundamental building block of
                 quantum theory",
  publisher =    "Nova Science Publishers",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xiii + 126",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "1-59033-835-9 (hardcover), 1-62808-163-5 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59033-835-3 (hardcover), 978-1-62808-163-3
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QC794.6.G7 O947 2004",
  bibdate =      "Thu Aug 20 10:38:38 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip047/2003017395.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Grand unified theories (Nuclear physics); Nuclear
                 physics; Group theory; Grand unified theories (Nuclear
                 physics); Group theory.; Nuclear physics.; SCIENCE /
                 Waves and Wave Mechanics",
  tableofcontents = "Preface \\
                 1. Generic Group Theory \\
                 Definition of Generic or New Group Theory \\
                 Relationships to traditional Groups \\
                 Group operations \\
                 2. Generic Conservation Laws \\
                 Generic or Conservation Laws in Cartesian Coordinates
                 \\
                 Flux Transformations \\
                 Pure Field vs. Particle Mass Point and Continuum Field
                 Representation for Matter \\
                 3. Grand Unified Theorem(GUT) Grand Unified Field
                 Theory \\
                 Highlights of Previous Attempts to Develop Grand
                 Unified Field Theory \\
                 Grand Unified Theorem Statement --- Relationship to
                 Previous Formulations \\
                 Proof of Theorem \\
                 ``Generalized Proof of Einstein's Theory Using a New
                 Group Theory'' \\
                 Generic Universal Conservation Equations in Groups
                 independent Variables and Unified Force Field Equations
                 \\
                 Group Theory and Fundamental Theorem \\
                 Theorem \\
                 Conformal Invariance for Conservation Equations \\
                 General Invariant Solutions \\
                 Mass Conservation \\
                 Reproducing Newton's universal gravitational and
                 Einstein's general relativity force fields from present
                 work (Proof of \\
                 Corollary 2) \\
                 Reproducing Newtonian Gravitational Fields from present
                 work \\
                 Reproducing Einstein General Relativity Force Fields
                 from present work \\
                 Reproducing Maxwell's Electromagnetic Field Theory
                 results from the present work (Proof of Corollary 1)
                 \\
                 Proposition for the strong and weak nuclear forces \\
                 Does this work have anything to do with the Fermat's
                 Last Theorem? \\
                 Full Unsteady Navier Stokes Equations --- General
                 Boltzmann's Equations and Particle Physics \\
                 Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Equations \\
                 Incompressible Steady Laminar Navier Stokes Equations
                 \\
                 Conclusion and General Implications of Invariant
                 Solutions \\
                 General Summary for the Grand Unified Field Theory \\
                 Quantum Mechanics Component of the Grand Unified
                 Theorem \\
                 GAGUT Unifies the Three Known Universe Origin Theories,
                 GAGUT's Quantum Theorem or GAGUT's Third \\
                 Corollary, String Theory Component of the Grand Unified
                 Theorem \\
                 Geometry, Relativity and Generalized Unified Force
                 Field Formula \\
                 Electro-Weak Unification and Generalized
                 Representations From the Grand Unified Theorem's
                 Unified Force Field \\
                 Formulations \\
                 God, Cosmology and Genesis \\
                 Index",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Stephani:2004:RIS
author: Hans Stephani
title: Relativity: an introduction to Special and General Relativity
publisher: pub-CAMBRIDGE
address: pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr
edition: Third
pages: xx + 396
year: 2004
LCCN: QC17 .S7413 2004
bibdate: Mon Aug 10 17:40:12 MDT 2009
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2009.08.10 17:40:12 MDT
remark: Rev. ed. of: General relativity. 2nd ed. 1990.
subject: Gravitational fields; General relativity (Physics)
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Hans Stephani
rawtitle: {Relativity}: an introduction to {Special} and {General Relativity}
ISBN:
0-521-81185-6 (hardcover), 0-521-01069-1 (paperback) OR 0521811856 (hardcover), 0521010691 (paperback)

ISBN13:
978-0-521-81185-9 (hardcover), 978-0-521-01069-6 (paperback) OR 9780521811859 (hardcover), 9780521010696 (paperback)

URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam032/2003053217.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam032/2003053217.html

TOC:
Preface / xv Notation / xix Part I Special Relativity / 1 1 Introduction: Inertial systems and the Galilei invariance of Classical Mechanics / 1 1.1 Inertial systems / 1 1.2 Invariance under translations / 2 1.3 Invariance under rotations / 3 1.4 Invariance under Galilei transformations / 4 1.5 Some remarks on the homogeneity of time / 5 Exercises / 6 2 Light propagation in moving coordinate systems and Lorentz transformations / 7 2.1 The Michelson experiment / 7 2.2 The Lorentz transformations / 8 2.3 Some properties of Lorentz transformations / 10 Exercises / 14 3 Our world as a Minkowski space / 14 3.1 The concept of Minkowski space / 15 3.2 Four-vectors and light cones / 15 3.3 Measuring length and time in Minkowski space / 17 3.4 Two thought experiments / 20 3.4.1 A rod moving through a tube / 20 3.4.2 The twin paradox / 20 3.5 Causality, and velocities larger than that of light / 21 Exercises / 24 Mechanics of Special Relativity 4.1 Kinematics 4.2 Equations of motion 4.3 Hyperbolic motion 4.4 Systems of particles Exercises Optics of plane waves 5.1 Invariance of phase and null vectors 5.2 The Doppler effect --- shift in the frequency of a wave 5.3 Aberration --- change in the direction of a light ray 5.4 The visual shape of moving bodies 5.5 Reflection at a moving mirror 5.6 Dragging of light within a fluid Exercises Four-dimensional vectors and tensors 6.1 Some definitions 6.2 Tensor algebra 6.3 Symmetries of tensors 6.4 Algebraic properties of second rank tensors 6.5 Tensor analysis Exercises Electrodynamics in vacuo 7.1 The Maxwell equations in three-dimensional notation 7.2 Current four-vector and four-potential and the retarded potentials 7.3 Field tensor and the Maxwell equations 7.4 Poynting's theorem, Lorentz force, and the energy-momentum tensor 7.5 The variational principle for the Maxwell equations Exercises Transformation properties of electromagnetic fields: examples 8.1 Current and four-potential 8.2 Field tensor and energy-momentum tensor Exercises Null vectors and the algebraic properties of electromagnetic field tensors 9.1 Null tetrads and Lorentz transformations 9.2 Self-dual bivectors and the electromagnetic field tensor 9.3 The algebraic classification of electromagnetic fields / 66 9.4 The physical interpretation of electromagnetic null fields / 67 Exercises / 68 0 Charged point particles and their field / 69 10.1 The equations of motion of charged test particles / 69 10.2 The variational principle for charged particles / 70 10.3 Canonical equations / 72 10.4 The field of a charged particle in arbitrary motion / 74 10.5 The equations of motion of charged particles --- the self-force / 77 Exercises / 79 1 Pole-dipole particles and their field / 80 11.1 The current density / 80 11.2 The dipole term and its field / 82 11.3 The force exerted on moving dipoles / 84 Exercises / 84 2 Electrodynamics in media / 84 12.1 Field equations and constitutive relations / 84 12.2 Remarks on the matching conditions at moving surfaces / 87 12.3 The energy-momentum tensor / 87 Exercises / 89 3 Perfect fluids and other physical theories / 89 13.1 Perfect fluids / 89 13.2 Other physical theories --- an outlook / 92 Part II Riemannian geometry / 95 4 Introduction: The force-free motion of particles in Newtonian mechanics / 95 14.1 Coordinate systems / 95 14.2 Equations of motion / 97 14.3 The geodesic equation / 98 14.4 Geodesic deviation / 100 Exercises / 103 5 Why Riemannian geometry? / 103 6 Riemannian space / 105 16.1 The metric / 105 16.2 Geodesies and Christoffel symbols / 106 16.3 Coordinate transformations / 109 16.4 Special coordinate systems 16.5 The physical meaning and interpretation of coordinate systems Exercises 17 Tensor algebra 17.1 Scalars and vectors 17.2 Tensors and other geometrical objects 17.3 Algebraic operations with tensors 17.4 Tetrad and spinor components of tensors Exercises 18 The covariant derivative and parallel transport 18.1 Partial and covariant derivatives 18.2 The covariant differential and local parallelism 18.3 Parallel displacement along a curve and the parallel propagator 18.4 Fermi-Walker transport 18.5 The Lie derivative Exercises 19 The curvature tensor 19.1 Intrinsic geometry and curvature 19.2 The curvature tensor and global parallelism of vectors 19.3 The curvature tensor and second derivatives of the metric tensor 19.4 Properties of the curvature tensor 19.5 Spaces of constant curvature Exercises 20 Differential operators, integrals and integral laws 20.1 The problem 20.2 Some important differential operators 20.3 Volume, surface and line integrals 20.4 Integral laws 20.5 Integral conservation laws 21 Fundamental laws of physics in Riemannian spaces 21.1 How does one find the fundamental physical laws? 21.2 Particle mechanics 21.3 Electrodynamics in vacuo 21.4 Geometrical optics 21.5 Thermodynamics 21.6 Perfect fluids and dust 21.7 Other fundamental physical laws Exercises Part III Foundations of Einstein's theory of gravitation / 173 12 The fundamental equations of Einstein's theory of gravitation / 173 22.1 The Einstein field equations / 173 22.2 The Newtonian limit / 176 22.3 The equations of motion of test particles / 178 22.4 A variational principle for Einstein's theory / 182 13 The Schwarzschild solution / 185 23.1 The field equations / 185 23.2 The solution of the vacuum field equations / 188 23.3 General discussion of the Schwarzschild solution / 189 23.4 The motion of the planets and perihelion precession / 191 23.5 The propagation of light in the Schwarzschild field / 194 23.6 Further aspects of the Schwarzschild solution / 198 23.7 The Reissner-Nordstrom solution / 199 Exercises / 200 14 Experiments to verify the Schwarzschild metric / 200 24.1 Some general remarks / 200 24.2 Perihelion precession and planetary orbits / 201 24.3 Light deflection by the Sun / 202 24.4 Redshifts / 203 24.5 Measurements of the travel time of radar signals (time delay) / 203 24.6 Geodesic precession of a top / 204 25 Gravitational lenses / 205 25.1 The spherically symmetric gravitational lens / 205 25.2 Galaxies as gravitational lenses / 207 Exercise / 208 26 T h e interior Schwarzschild solution / 209 26.1 The field equations / 209 26.2 The solution of the field equations / 210 26.3 Matching conditions and connection to the exterior Schwarzchild solution / 212 26.4 A discussion of the interior Schwarzschild solution / 214 Exercises / 215 Part IV Linearized theory of gravitation, far fields and gravitational waves / 217 27 The linearized Einstein theory of gravity / 217 27.1 Justification for a linearized theory and its realm of validity 27.2 The fundamental equations of the linearized theory 27.3 A discussion of the fundamental equations and a comparison with special-relativistic electrodynamics 27.4 The far field due to a time-dependent source 27.5 Discussion of the properties of the far field (linearized theory) 27.6 Some remarks on approximation schemes Exercise 28 Far fields due to arbitrary matter distributions and balance equations for momentum and angular momentum 28.1 What are far fields? 28.2 The energy-momentum pseudotensor for the gravitational field 28.3 The balance equations for momentum and angular momentum 28.4 Is there an energy law for the gravitational field? 29 Gravitational waves 29.1 Are there gravitational waves? 29.2 Plane gravitational waves in the linearized theory 29.3 Plane waves as exact solutions of Einstein's equations 29.4 The experimental evidence for gravitational waves Exercises 30 The Cauchy problem for the Einstein field equations 30.1 The problem 30.2 Three-dimensional hypersurfaces and reduction formulae for the curvature tensor 30.3 The Cauchy problem for the vacuum field equations 30.4 The characteristic initial value problem 30.5 Matching conditions at the boundary surface of two metrics Part V Invariant characterization of exact solutions 31 Preferred vector fields and their properties 31.1 Special simple vector fields 31.2 Timelike vector fields 31.3 Null vector fields Exercises 32 The Petrov classification / 272 32.1 What is the Petrov classification? / 272 32.2 The algebraic classification of gravitational fields / 273 32.3 The physical interpretation of degenerate vacuum gravitational fields / 276 Exercises / 278 33 Killing vectors and groups of motion / 278 33.1 The problem / 278 33.2 Killing vectors / 278 33.3 Killing vectors of some simple spaces / 280 33.4 Relations between the curvature tensor and Killing vectors / 281 33.5 Groups of motion / 283 33.6 Killing vectors and conservation laws / 288 Exercises / 292 34 A survey of some selected classes of exact solutions / 293 34.1 Degenerate vacuum solutions / 293 34.2 Vacuum solutions with special symmetry properties / 295 34.3 Perfect fluid solutions with special symmetry properties / 298 Exercises / 299 Part VI Gravitational collapse and black holes / 301 35 The Schwarzschild singularity / 301 35.1 How does one examine the singular points of a metric? / 301 35.2 Radial geodesies near $r = 2M$ / 303 35.3 The Schwarzschild solution in other coordinate systems / 304 35.4 The Schwarzschild solution as a black hole / 307 Exercises / 310 36 Gravitational collapse --- the possible life history of a spherically symmetric star / 310 36.1 The evolutionary phases of a spherically symmetric star / 310 36.2 The critical mass of a star / 311 36.3 Gravitational collapse of spherically symmetric dust / 315 37 Rotating black holes / 322 37.1 The Kerr solution / 322 37.2 Gravitational collapse the possible life history of a rotating star / 325 37.3 Some properties of black holes 37.4 Are there black holes? 38 Black holes are not black --- Relativity Theory and Quantum Theory 38.1 The problem 38.2 Unified quantum field theory and quantization of the gravitational field 38.3 Semiclassical gravity 38.4 Quantization in a given classical gravitational field 38.5 Black holes are not black --- the thermodynamics of black holes 39 The conformal structure of infinity 39.1 The problem and methods to answer it 39.2 Infinity of the three-dimensional Euclidean space (E3) 39.3 The conformal structure of Minkowski space 39.4 Asymptotically flat gravitational fields 39.5 Examples of Penrose diagrams Exercises Part VII Cosmology 40 Robertson-Walker metrics and their properties 40.1 The cosmological principle and Robertson--Walker metrics 40.2 The motion of particles and photons 40.3 Distance definitions and horizons 40.4 Some remarks on physics in closed universes Exercises 41 The dynamics of Robertson Walker metrics and the Friedmann universes 41.1 The Einstein field equations for Robertson--Walker metrics 41.2 The most important Friedmann universes 41.3 Consequences of the field equations for models with arbitrary equation of state having positive pressure and positive rest mass density Exercises 42 Our universe as a Friedmann model 42.1 Redshift and mass density 42.2 The earliest epochs of our universe and the cosmic background radiation / 373 42.3 A Schwarzschild cavity in the Friedmann universe / 376 43 General cosmological models / 380 43.1 What is a cosmological model? / 380 43.2 Solutions of Bianchi type / with dust / 381 43.3 The Godel universe / 384 43.4 Singularity theorems / 385 Exercises / 387 Bibliography / 388 Index / 392

rawTOC:
Preface / xv \\ Notation / xix \\ Part I Special Relativity / 1 \\ 1 Introduction: Inertial systems and the Galilei invariance of Classical Mechanics / 1 \\ 1.1 Inertial systems / 1 \\ 1.2 Invariance under translations / 2 \\ 1.3 Invariance under rotations / 3 \\ 1.4 Invariance under Galilei transformations / 4 \\ 1.5 Some remarks on the homogeneity of time / 5 \\ Exercises / 6 \\ 2 Light propagation in moving coordinate systems and Lorentz \\ transformations / 7 \\ 2.1 The Michelson experiment / 7 \\ 2.2 The Lorentz transformations / 8 \\ 2.3 Some properties of Lorentz transformations / 10 \\ Exercises / 14 \\ 3 Our world as a Minkowski space / 14 \\ 3.1 The concept of Minkowski space / 15 \\ 3.2 Four-vectors and light cones / 15 \\ 3.3 Measuring length and time in Minkowski space / 17 \\ 3.4 Two thought experiments / 20 \\ 3.4.1 A rod moving through a tube / 20 \\ 3.4.2 The twin paradox / 20 \\ 3.5 Causality, and velocities larger than that of light / 21 \\ Exercises / 24 \\ Mechanics of Special Relativity \\ 4.1 Kinematics \\ 4.2 Equations of motion \\ 4.3 Hyperbolic motion \\ 4.4 Systems of particles \\ Exercises \\ Optics of plane waves \\ 5.1 Invariance of phase and null vectors \\ 5.2 The Doppler effect --- shift in the frequency of a wave \\ 5.3 Aberration --- change in the direction of a light ray \\ 5.4 The visual shape of moving bodies \\ 5.5 Reflection at a moving mirror \\ 5.6 Dragging of light within a fluid \\ Exercises \\ Four-dimensional vectors and tensors \\ 6.1 Some definitions \\ 6.2 Tensor algebra \\ 6.3 Symmetries of tensors \\ 6.4 Algebraic properties of second rank tensors \\ 6.5 Tensor analysis \\ Exercises \\ Electrodynamics in vacuo \\ 7.1 The Maxwell equations in three-dimensional notation \\ 7.2 Current four-vector and four-potential and the retarded potentials \\ 7.3 Field tensor and the Maxwell equations \\ 7.4 Poynting's theorem, Lorentz force, and the energy-momentum tensor \\ 7.5 The variational principle for the Maxwell equations \\ Exercises \\ Transformation properties of electromagnetic fields: \\ examples \\ 8.1 Current and four-potential \\ 8.2 Field tensor and energy-momentum tensor \\ Exercises \\ Null vectors and the algebraic properties of electromagnetic field tensors \\ 9.1 Null tetrads and Lorentz transformations \\ 9.2 Self-dual bivectors and the electromagnetic field tensor \\ 9.3 The algebraic classification of electromagnetic fields / 66 \\ 9.4 The physical interpretation of electromagnetic null fields / 67 \\ Exercises / 68 \\ 0 Charged point particles and their field / 69 \\ 10.1 The equations of motion of charged test particles / 69 \\ 10.2 The variational principle for charged particles / 70 \\ 10.3 Canonical equations / 72 \\ 10.4 The field of a charged particle in arbitrary motion / 74 \\ 10.5 The equations of motion of charged particles --- the self-force / 77 \\ Exercises / 79 \\ 1 Pole-dipole particles and their field / 80 \\ 11.1 The current density / 80 \\ 11.2 The dipole term and its field / 82 \\ 11.3 The force exerted on moving dipoles / 84 \\ Exercises / 84 \\ 2 Electrodynamics in media / 84 \\ 12.1 Field equations and constitutive relations / 84 \\ 12.2 Remarks on the matching conditions at moving surfaces / 87 \\ 12.3 The energy-momentum tensor / 87 \\ Exercises / 89 \\ 3 Perfect fluids and other physical theories / 89 \\ 13.1 Perfect fluids / 89 \\ 13.2 Other physical theories --- an outlook / 92 \\ Part II Riemannian geometry / 95 \\ 4 Introduction: The force-free motion of particles in Newtonian mechanics / 95 \\ 14.1 Coordinate systems / 95 \\ 14.2 Equations of motion / 97 \\ 14.3 The geodesic equation / 98 \\ 14.4 Geodesic deviation / 100 \\ Exercises / 103 \\ 5 Why Riemannian geometry? / 103 \\ 6 Riemannian space / 105 \\ 16.1 The metric / 105 \\ 16.2 Geodesies and Christoffel symbols / 106 \\ 16.3 Coordinate transformations / 109 \\ 16.4 Special coordinate systems \\ 16.5 The physical meaning and interpretation of coordinate systems \\ Exercises \\ 17 Tensor algebra \\ 17.1 Scalars and vectors \\ 17.2 Tensors and other geometrical objects \\ 17.3 Algebraic operations with tensors \\ 17.4 Tetrad and spinor components of tensors \\ Exercises \\ 18 The covariant derivative and parallel transport \\ 18.1 Partial and covariant derivatives \\ 18.2 The covariant differential and local parallelism \\ 18.3 Parallel displacement along a curve and the parallel propagator \\ 18.4 Fermi-Walker transport \\ 18.5 The Lie derivative \\ Exercises \\ 19 The curvature tensor \\ 19.1 Intrinsic geometry and curvature \\ 19.2 The curvature tensor and global parallelism of vectors \\ 19.3 The curvature tensor and second derivatives of the metric tensor \\ 19.4 Properties of the curvature tensor \\ 19.5 Spaces of constant curvature \\ Exercises \\ 20 Differential operators, integrals and integral laws \\ 20.1 The problem \\ 20.2 Some important differential operators \\ 20.3 Volume, surface and line integrals \\ 20.4 Integral laws \\ 20.5 Integral conservation laws \\ 21 Fundamental laws of physics in Riemannian spaces \\ 21.1 How does one find the fundamental physical laws? \\ 21.2 Particle mechanics \\ 21.3 Electrodynamics in vacuo \\ 21.4 Geometrical optics \\ 21.5 Thermodynamics \\ 21.6 Perfect fluids and dust \\ 21.7 Other fundamental physical laws \\ Exercises \\ Part III Foundations of Einstein's theory of gravitation / 173 \\ 12 The fundamental equations of Einstein's theory of gravitation / 173 \\ 22.1 The Einstein field equations / 173 \\ 22.2 The Newtonian limit / 176 \\ 22.3 The equations of motion of test particles / 178 \\ 22.4 A variational principle for Einstein's theory / 182 \\ 13 The Schwarzschild solution / 185 \\ 23.1 The field equations / 185 \\ 23.2 The solution of the vacuum field equations / 188 \\ 23.3 General discussion of the Schwarzschild solution / 189 \\ 23.4 The motion of the planets and perihelion precession / 191 \\ 23.5 The propagation of light in the Schwarzschild field / 194 \\ 23.6 Further aspects of the Schwarzschild solution / 198 \\ 23.7 The Reissner-Nordstrom solution / 199 \\ Exercises / 200 \\ 14 Experiments to verify the Schwarzschild metric / 200 \\ 24.1 Some general remarks / 200 \\ 24.2 Perihelion precession and planetary orbits / 201 \\ 24.3 Light deflection by the Sun / 202 \\ 24.4 Redshifts / 203 \\ 24.5 Measurements of the travel time of radar signals (time delay) / 203 \\ 24.6 Geodesic precession of a top / 204 \\ 25 Gravitational lenses / 205 \\ 25.1 The spherically symmetric gravitational lens / 205 \\ 25.2 Galaxies as gravitational lenses / 207 \\ Exercise / 208 \\ 26 T h e interior Schwarzschild solution / 209 \\ 26.1 The field equations / 209 \\ 26.2 The solution of the field equations / 210 \\ 26.3 Matching conditions and connection to the exterior \\ Schwarzchild solution / 212 \\ 26.4 A discussion of the interior Schwarzschild solution / 214 \\ Exercises / 215 \\ Part IV Linearized theory of gravitation, far fields and gravitational waves / 217 \\ 27 The linearized Einstein theory of gravity / 217 \\ 27.1 Justification for a linearized theory and its realm of validity \\ 27.2 The fundamental equations of the linearized theory \\ 27.3 A discussion of the fundamental equations and a comparison with special-relativistic electrodynamics \\ 27.4 The far field due to a time-dependent source \\ 27.5 Discussion of the properties of the far field (linearized theory) \\ 27.6 Some remarks on approximation schemes \\ Exercise \\ 28 Far fields due to arbitrary matter distributions and balance equations for momentum and angular momentum \\ 28.1 What are far fields? \\ 28.2 The energy-momentum pseudotensor for the gravitational field \\ 28.3 The balance equations for momentum and angular momentum \\ 28.4 Is there an energy law for the gravitational field? \\ 29 Gravitational waves \\ 29.1 Are there gravitational waves? \\ 29.2 Plane gravitational waves in the linearized theory \\ 29.3 Plane waves as exact solutions of Einstein's equations \\ 29.4 The experimental evidence for gravitational waves \\ Exercises \\ 30 The Cauchy problem for the Einstein field equations \\ 30.1 The problem \\ 30.2 Three-dimensional hypersurfaces and reduction formulae for the curvature tensor \\ 30.3 The Cauchy problem for the vacuum field equations \\ 30.4 The characteristic initial value problem \\ 30.5 Matching conditions at the boundary surface of two metrics \\ Part V Invariant characterization of exact solutions \\ 31 Preferred vector fields and their properties \\ 31.1 Special simple vector fields \\ 31.2 Timelike vector fields \\ 31.3 Null vector fields \\ Exercises \\ 32 The Petrov classification / 272 \\ 32.1 What is the Petrov classification? / 272 \\ 32.2 The algebraic classification of gravitational fields / 273 \\ 32.3 The physical interpretation of degenerate vacuum gravitational fields / 276 \\ Exercises / 278 \\ 33 Killing vectors and groups of motion / 278 \\ 33.1 The problem / 278 \\ 33.2 Killing vectors / 278 \\ 33.3 Killing vectors of some simple spaces / 280 \\ 33.4 Relations between the curvature tensor and Killing vectors / 281 \\ 33.5 Groups of motion / 283 \\ 33.6 Killing vectors and conservation laws / 288 \\ Exercises / 292 \\ 34 A survey of some selected classes of exact solutions / 293 \\ 34.1 Degenerate vacuum solutions / 293 \\ 34.2 Vacuum solutions with special symmetry properties / 295 \\ 34.3 Perfect fluid solutions with special symmetry properties / 298 \\ Exercises / 299 \\ Part VI Gravitational collapse and black holes / 301 \\ 35 The Schwarzschild singularity / 301 \\ 35.1 How does one examine the singular points of a metric? / 301 \\ 35.2 Radial geodesies near $r = 2M$ / 303 \\ 35.3 The Schwarzschild solution in other coordinate systems / 304 \\ 35.4 The Schwarzschild solution as a black hole / 307 \\ Exercises / 310 \\ 36 Gravitational collapse --- the possible life history of a spherically symmetric star / 310 \\ 36.1 The evolutionary phases of a spherically symmetric star / 310 \\ 36.2 The critical mass of a star / 311 \\ 36.3 Gravitational collapse of spherically symmetric dust / 315 \\ 37 Rotating black holes / 322 \\ 37.1 The Kerr solution / 322 \\ 37.2 Gravitational collapse the possible life history of a rotating star / 325 \\ 37.3 Some properties of black holes \\ 37.4 Are there black holes? \\ 38 Black holes are not black --- Relativity Theory and Quantum \\ Theory \\ 38.1 The problem \\ 38.2 Unified quantum field theory and quantization of the gravitational field \\ 38.3 Semiclassical gravity \\ 38.4 Quantization in a given classical gravitational field \\ 38.5 Black holes are not black --- the thermodynamics of black holes \\ 39 The conformal structure of infinity \\ 39.1 The problem and methods to answer it \\ 39.2 Infinity of the three-dimensional Euclidean space (E3) \\ 39.3 The conformal structure of Minkowski space \\ 39.4 Asymptotically flat gravitational fields \\ 39.5 Examples of Penrose diagrams \\ Exercises \\ Part VII Cosmology \\ 40 Robertson-Walker metrics and their properties \\ 40.1 The cosmological principle and Robertson--Walker metrics \\ 40.2 The motion of particles and photons \\ 40.3 Distance definitions and horizons \\ 40.4 Some remarks on physics in closed universes \\ Exercises \\ 41 The dynamics of Robertson Walker metrics and the \\ Friedmann universes \\ 41.1 The Einstein field equations for Robertson--Walker metrics \\ 41.2 The most important Friedmann universes \\ 41.3 Consequences of the field equations for models with arbitrary equation of state having positive pressure and positive rest mass density \\ Exercises \\ 42 Our universe as a Friedmann model \\ 42.1 Redshift and mass density \\ 42.2 The earliest epochs of our universe and the cosmic background radiation / 373 \\ 42.3 A Schwarzschild cavity in the Friedmann universe / 376 \\ 43 General cosmological models / 380 \\ 43.1 What is a cosmological model? / 380 \\ 43.2 Solutions of Bianchi type / with dust / 381 \\ 43.3 The G{\"o}del universe / 384 \\ 43.4 Singularity theorems / 385 \\ Exercises / 387 \\ Bibliography / 388 \\ Index / 392

entry:
@Book{Stephani:2004:RIS,
  author =       "Hans Stephani",
  title =        "{Relativity}: an introduction to {Special} and
                 {General Relativity}",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  edition =      "Third",
  pages =        "xx + 396",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "0-521-81185-6 (hardcover), 0-521-01069-1 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-81185-9 (hardcover), 978-0-521-01069-6
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC17 .S7413 2004",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 10 17:40:12 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam032/2003053217.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam032/2003053217.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Rev. ed. of: General relativity. 2nd ed. 1990.",
  subject =      "Gravitational fields; General relativity (Physics)",
  tableofcontents = "Preface / xv \\
                 Notation / xix \\
                 Part I Special Relativity / 1 \\
                 1 Introduction: Inertial systems and the Galilei
                 invariance of Classical Mechanics / 1 \\
                 1.1 Inertial systems / 1 \\
                 1.2 Invariance under translations / 2 \\
                 1.3 Invariance under rotations / 3 \\
                 1.4 Invariance under Galilei transformations / 4 \\
                 1.5 Some remarks on the homogeneity of time / 5 \\
                 Exercises / 6 \\
                 2 Light propagation in moving coordinate systems and
                 Lorentz \\
                 transformations / 7 \\
                 2.1 The Michelson experiment / 7 \\
                 2.2 The Lorentz transformations / 8 \\
                 2.3 Some properties of Lorentz transformations / 10 \\
                 Exercises / 14 \\
                 3 Our world as a Minkowski space / 14 \\
                 3.1 The concept of Minkowski space / 15 \\
                 3.2 Four-vectors and light cones / 15 \\
                 3.3 Measuring length and time in Minkowski space / 17
                 \\
                 3.4 Two thought experiments / 20 \\
                 3.4.1 A rod moving through a tube / 20 \\
                 3.4.2 The twin paradox / 20 \\
                 3.5 Causality, and velocities larger than that of light
                 / 21 \\
                 Exercises / 24 \\
                 Mechanics of Special Relativity \\
                 4.1 Kinematics \\
                 4.2 Equations of motion \\
                 4.3 Hyperbolic motion \\
                 4.4 Systems of particles \\
                 Exercises \\
                 Optics of plane waves \\
                 5.1 Invariance of phase and null vectors \\
                 5.2 The Doppler effect --- shift in the frequency of a
                 wave \\
                 5.3 Aberration --- change in the direction of a light
                 ray \\
                 5.4 The visual shape of moving bodies \\
                 5.5 Reflection at a moving mirror \\
                 5.6 Dragging of light within a fluid \\
                 Exercises \\
                 Four-dimensional vectors and tensors \\
                 6.1 Some definitions \\
                 6.2 Tensor algebra \\
                 6.3 Symmetries of tensors \\
                 6.4 Algebraic properties of second rank tensors \\
                 6.5 Tensor analysis \\
                 Exercises \\
                 Electrodynamics in vacuo \\
                 7.1 The Maxwell equations in three-dimensional notation
                 \\
                 7.2 Current four-vector and four-potential and the
                 retarded potentials \\
                 7.3 Field tensor and the Maxwell equations \\
                 7.4 Poynting's theorem, Lorentz force, and the
                 energy-momentum tensor \\
                 7.5 The variational principle for the Maxwell equations
                 \\
                 Exercises \\
                 Transformation properties of electromagnetic fields:
                 \\
                 examples \\
                 8.1 Current and four-potential \\
                 8.2 Field tensor and energy-momentum tensor \\
                 Exercises \\
                 Null vectors and the algebraic properties of
                 electromagnetic field tensors \\
                 9.1 Null tetrads and Lorentz transformations \\
                 9.2 Self-dual bivectors and the electromagnetic field
                 tensor \\
                 9.3 The algebraic classification of electromagnetic
                 fields / 66 \\
                 9.4 The physical interpretation of electromagnetic null
                 fields / 67 \\
                 Exercises / 68 \\
                 0 Charged point particles and their field / 69 \\
                 10.1 The equations of motion of charged test particles
                 / 69 \\
                 10.2 The variational principle for charged particles /
                 70 \\
                 10.3 Canonical equations / 72 \\
                 10.4 The field of a charged particle in arbitrary
                 motion / 74 \\
                 10.5 The equations of motion of charged particles ---
                 the self-force / 77 \\
                 Exercises / 79 \\
                 1 Pole-dipole particles and their field / 80 \\
                 11.1 The current density / 80 \\
                 11.2 The dipole term and its field / 82 \\
                 11.3 The force exerted on moving dipoles / 84 \\
                 Exercises / 84 \\
                 2 Electrodynamics in media / 84 \\
                 12.1 Field equations and constitutive relations / 84
                 \\
                 12.2 Remarks on the matching conditions at moving
                 surfaces / 87 \\
                 12.3 The energy-momentum tensor / 87 \\
                 Exercises / 89 \\
                 3 Perfect fluids and other physical theories / 89 \\
                 13.1 Perfect fluids / 89 \\
                 13.2 Other physical theories --- an outlook / 92 \\
                 Part II Riemannian geometry / 95 \\
                 4 Introduction: The force-free motion of particles in
                 Newtonian mechanics / 95 \\
                 14.1 Coordinate systems / 95 \\
                 14.2 Equations of motion / 97 \\
                 14.3 The geodesic equation / 98 \\
                 14.4 Geodesic deviation / 100 \\
                 Exercises / 103 \\
                 5 Why Riemannian geometry? / 103 \\
                 6 Riemannian space / 105 \\
                 16.1 The metric / 105 \\
                 16.2 Geodesies and Christoffel symbols / 106 \\
                 16.3 Coordinate transformations / 109 \\
                 16.4 Special coordinate systems \\
                 16.5 The physical meaning and interpretation of
                 coordinate systems \\
                 Exercises \\
                 17 Tensor algebra \\
                 17.1 Scalars and vectors \\
                 17.2 Tensors and other geometrical objects \\
                 17.3 Algebraic operations with tensors \\
                 17.4 Tetrad and spinor components of tensors \\
                 Exercises \\
                 18 The covariant derivative and parallel transport \\
                 18.1 Partial and covariant derivatives \\
                 18.2 The covariant differential and local parallelism
                 \\
                 18.3 Parallel displacement along a curve and the
                 parallel propagator \\
                 18.4 Fermi-Walker transport \\
                 18.5 The Lie derivative \\
                 Exercises \\
                 19 The curvature tensor \\
                 19.1 Intrinsic geometry and curvature \\
                 19.2 The curvature tensor and global parallelism of
                 vectors \\
                 19.3 The curvature tensor and second derivatives of the
                 metric tensor \\
                 19.4 Properties of the curvature tensor \\
                 19.5 Spaces of constant curvature \\
                 Exercises \\
                 20 Differential operators, integrals and integral laws
                 \\
                 20.1 The problem \\
                 20.2 Some important differential operators \\
                 20.3 Volume, surface and line integrals \\
                 20.4 Integral laws \\
                 20.5 Integral conservation laws \\
                 21 Fundamental laws of physics in Riemannian spaces \\
                 21.1 How does one find the fundamental physical laws?
                 \\
                 21.2 Particle mechanics \\
                 21.3 Electrodynamics in vacuo \\
                 21.4 Geometrical optics \\
                 21.5 Thermodynamics \\
                 21.6 Perfect fluids and dust \\
                 21.7 Other fundamental physical laws \\
                 Exercises \\
                 Part III Foundations of Einstein's theory of
                 gravitation / 173 \\
                 12 The fundamental equations of Einstein's theory of
                 gravitation / 173 \\
                 22.1 The Einstein field equations / 173 \\
                 22.2 The Newtonian limit / 176 \\
                 22.3 The equations of motion of test particles / 178
                 \\
                 22.4 A variational principle for Einstein's theory /
                 182 \\
                 13 The Schwarzschild solution / 185 \\
                 23.1 The field equations / 185 \\
                 23.2 The solution of the vacuum field equations / 188
                 \\
                 23.3 General discussion of the Schwarzschild solution /
                 189 \\
                 23.4 The motion of the planets and perihelion
                 precession / 191 \\
                 23.5 The propagation of light in the Schwarzschild
                 field / 194 \\
                 23.6 Further aspects of the Schwarzschild solution /
                 198 \\
                 23.7 The Reissner-Nordstrom solution / 199 \\
                 Exercises / 200 \\
                 14 Experiments to verify the Schwarzschild metric / 200
                 \\
                 24.1 Some general remarks / 200 \\
                 24.2 Perihelion precession and planetary orbits / 201
                 \\
                 24.3 Light deflection by the Sun / 202 \\
                 24.4 Redshifts / 203 \\
                 24.5 Measurements of the travel time of radar signals
                 (time delay) / 203 \\
                 24.6 Geodesic precession of a top / 204 \\
                 25 Gravitational lenses / 205 \\
                 25.1 The spherically symmetric gravitational lens / 205
                 \\
                 25.2 Galaxies as gravitational lenses / 207 \\
                 Exercise / 208 \\
                 26 T h e interior Schwarzschild solution / 209 \\
                 26.1 The field equations / 209 \\
                 26.2 The solution of the field equations / 210 \\
                 26.3 Matching conditions and connection to the exterior
                 \\
                 Schwarzchild solution / 212 \\
                 26.4 A discussion of the interior Schwarzschild
                 solution / 214 \\
                 Exercises / 215 \\
                 Part IV Linearized theory of gravitation, far fields
                 and gravitational waves / 217 \\
                 27 The linearized Einstein theory of gravity / 217 \\
                 27.1 Justification for a linearized theory and its
                 realm of validity \\
                 27.2 The fundamental equations of the linearized theory
                 \\
                 27.3 A discussion of the fundamental equations and a
                 comparison with special-relativistic electrodynamics
                 \\
                 27.4 The far field due to a time-dependent source \\
                 27.5 Discussion of the properties of the far field
                 (linearized theory) \\
                 27.6 Some remarks on approximation schemes \\
                 Exercise \\
                 28 Far fields due to arbitrary matter distributions and
                 balance equations for momentum and angular momentum \\
                 28.1 What are far fields? \\
                 28.2 The energy-momentum pseudotensor for the
                 gravitational field \\
                 28.3 The balance equations for momentum and angular
                 momentum \\
                 28.4 Is there an energy law for the gravitational
                 field? \\
                 29 Gravitational waves \\
                 29.1 Are there gravitational waves? \\
                 29.2 Plane gravitational waves in the linearized theory
                 \\
                 29.3 Plane waves as exact solutions of Einstein's
                 equations \\
                 29.4 The experimental evidence for gravitational waves
                 \\
                 Exercises \\
                 30 The Cauchy problem for the Einstein field equations
                 \\
                 30.1 The problem \\
                 30.2 Three-dimensional hypersurfaces and reduction
                 formulae for the curvature tensor \\
                 30.3 The Cauchy problem for the vacuum field equations
                 \\
                 30.4 The characteristic initial value problem \\
                 30.5 Matching conditions at the boundary surface of two
                 metrics \\
                 Part V Invariant characterization of exact solutions
                 \\
                 31 Preferred vector fields and their properties \\
                 31.1 Special simple vector fields \\
                 31.2 Timelike vector fields \\
                 31.3 Null vector fields \\
                 Exercises \\
                 32 The Petrov classification / 272 \\
                 32.1 What is the Petrov classification? / 272 \\
                 32.2 The algebraic classification of gravitational
                 fields / 273 \\
                 32.3 The physical interpretation of degenerate vacuum
                 gravitational fields / 276 \\
                 Exercises / 278 \\
                 33 Killing vectors and groups of motion / 278 \\
                 33.1 The problem / 278 \\
                 33.2 Killing vectors / 278 \\
                 33.3 Killing vectors of some simple spaces / 280 \\
                 33.4 Relations between the curvature tensor and Killing
                 vectors / 281 \\
                 33.5 Groups of motion / 283 \\
                 33.6 Killing vectors and conservation laws / 288 \\
                 Exercises / 292 \\
                 34 A survey of some selected classes of exact solutions
                 / 293 \\
                 34.1 Degenerate vacuum solutions / 293 \\
                 34.2 Vacuum solutions with special symmetry properties
                 / 295 \\
                 34.3 Perfect fluid solutions with special symmetry
                 properties / 298 \\
                 Exercises / 299 \\
                 Part VI Gravitational collapse and black holes / 301
                 \\
                 35 The Schwarzschild singularity / 301 \\
                 35.1 How does one examine the singular points of a
                 metric? / 301 \\
                 35.2 Radial geodesies near $r = 2M$ / 303 \\
                 35.3 The Schwarzschild solution in other coordinate
                 systems / 304 \\
                 35.4 The Schwarzschild solution as a black hole / 307
                 \\
                 Exercises / 310 \\
                 36 Gravitational collapse --- the possible life history
                 of a spherically symmetric star / 310 \\
                 36.1 The evolutionary phases of a spherically symmetric
                 star / 310 \\
                 36.2 The critical mass of a star / 311 \\
                 36.3 Gravitational collapse of spherically symmetric
                 dust / 315 \\
                 37 Rotating black holes / 322 \\
                 37.1 The Kerr solution / 322 \\
                 37.2 Gravitational collapse the possible life history
                 of a rotating star / 325 \\
                 37.3 Some properties of black holes \\
                 37.4 Are there black holes? \\
                 38 Black holes are not black --- Relativity Theory and
                 Quantum \\
                 Theory \\
                 38.1 The problem \\
                 38.2 Unified quantum field theory and quantization of
                 the gravitational field \\
                 38.3 Semiclassical gravity \\
                 38.4 Quantization in a given classical gravitational
                 field \\
                 38.5 Black holes are not black --- the thermodynamics
                 of black holes \\
                 39 The conformal structure of infinity \\
                 39.1 The problem and methods to answer it \\
                 39.2 Infinity of the three-dimensional Euclidean space
                 (E3) \\
                 39.3 The conformal structure of Minkowski space \\
                 39.4 Asymptotically flat gravitational fields \\
                 39.5 Examples of Penrose diagrams \\
                 Exercises \\
                 Part VII Cosmology \\
                 40 Robertson-Walker metrics and their properties \\
                 40.1 The cosmological principle and Robertson--Walker
                 metrics \\
                 40.2 The motion of particles and photons \\
                 40.3 Distance definitions and horizons \\
                 40.4 Some remarks on physics in closed universes \\
                 Exercises \\
                 41 The dynamics of Robertson Walker metrics and the \\
                 Friedmann universes \\
                 41.1 The Einstein field equations for Robertson--Walker
                 metrics \\
                 41.2 The most important Friedmann universes \\
                 41.3 Consequences of the field equations for models
                 with arbitrary equation of state having positive
                 pressure and positive rest mass density \\
                 Exercises \\
                 42 Our universe as a Friedmann model \\
                 42.1 Redshift and mass density \\
                 42.2 The earliest epochs of our universe and the cosmic
                 background radiation / 373 \\
                 42.3 A Schwarzschild cavity in the Friedmann universe /
                 376 \\
                 43 General cosmological models / 380 \\
                 43.1 What is a cosmological model? / 380 \\
                 43.2 Solutions of Bianchi type / with dust / 381 \\
                 43.3 The G{\"o}del universe / 384 \\
                 43.4 Singularity theorems / 385 \\
                 Exercises / 387 \\
                 Bibliography / 388 \\
                 Index / 392",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Weber:2004:GRG
author: J. (Joseph) Weber
title: General Relativity and Gravitational Waves
publisher: pub-DOVER
address: pub-DOVER:adr
pages: viii + 200
year: 2004
ISBN: 0-486-43887-2 (paperback) OR 0486438872 (paperback)
ISBN13: 978-0-486-43887-0 (paperback) OR 9780486438870 (paperback)
LCCN: QC173.6 .W43 2004
bibdate: Sat Oct 28 15:02:35 MDT 2006
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2006.10.28 15:02:35 MDT
URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0618/2004056006-d.html
remark: Original edition cite Weber:1961:GRG.
subject: General Relativity (physics); Gravitation
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: J. (Joseph) Weber
rawtitle: General Relativity and Gravitational Waves
TOC:
The Equivalence Principle The Eotvos Experiment / 1 Negative Mass / 5 Equivalence of Different Frames of Reference / 6 Gravitational Red Shift of Spectral Lines / 8 Further Remarks on the Equivalence Principle / 9 Generalization of the Special Theory of Relativity The Idea of Covariance / 11 The Metric Tensor / 12 The Metric Tensor in Curved Spaces and Accelerated Frames / 12 General Covariance / 15 Riemannian Geometry and Tensor Calculus Some Ideas about Curvature / 17 Transformation Laws for Different Kinds of Tensors / 18 Parallel Displacement and Covariant Differentiation / 22 The Curvature Tensor / 28 The Bianchi Identities / 32 Geodesics / 34 Some Useful Calculational Aids / 37 Length Measurements / 39 Determination of the Metric Tensor / 41 Field Equations of General Relativity and Electromagnetism The Gravitational Field Equations / 43 Variational Principle Deduction of the Field Equations / 50 Maxwell's Equations / 53 Motion of a Charged Particle / 54 Experimental Tests of General Relativity The Schwarzschild Solution / 56 The Gravitational Red Shift / 60 Effects on Planetary Orbits / 64 Deflection of Light / 67 Concluding Remarks / 69 The Conservation Laws The Canonical Stress Energy Pseudotensor / 70 Other Conservation Laws / 79 Further Remarks on the Conservation Laws / 85 Gravitational Waves Weak-Field Solutions / 87 Riemann Tensor for a Wave of Arbitrary Strength Which is Locally Plane / 90 Approximate Evaluation of Source Volume Integrals / 92 Weak-Field Approximations for Energy Flux and Energy Density / 94 Linear Mass Quadrupole Oscillator / 95 Radiation from a Spinning Rod / 97 Further Remarks on the Weak-Field Solutions / 98 Exact Cylindrical Wave Solutions / 99 Interaction of a Particle with Cylindrical Gravitational Waves / 102 Exact Plane-Wave Solutions / 105 Initial-Value Formulation of the Radiation Problem / 107 Time-Symmetric Solution With Positive Energy / 110 Conditions on the Differentiability and Continuity of Manifolds / 113 Six-Dimensional Treatment of Gravitational Radiation / 113 Other Petrov Class II Wave Solutions / 119 Detection and Generation of Gravitational Waves Detection / 124 Mass Quadrupole Detector / 126 Interaction of a Crystal with a Gravitational Wave / 131 Rotations Induced by Gravitational Radiation / 138 Generation of Gravitational Waves / 140 Other Radiation Experiments / 144 Selected Topics in General Relativity Unified Field Theories / 146 Equations of Motion / 153 Mach's Principle / 157 Remarks on Cosmology / 162 Hamiltonian Formulation / 167 Remarks on Quantization of General Relativity / 184 Spinors in General Relativity / 186 Exercises / 191 Index / 194

rawTOC:
The Equivalence Principle \\ The E{\"o}tv{\"o}s Experiment / 1 \\ Negative Mass / 5 \\ Equivalence of Different Frames of Reference / 6 \\ Gravitational Red Shift of Spectral Lines / 8 \\ Further Remarks on the Equivalence Principle / 9 \\ Generalization of the Special Theory of Relativity \\ The Idea of Covariance / 11 \\ The Metric Tensor / 12 \\ The Metric Tensor in Curved Spaces and Accelerated Frames / 12 \\ General Covariance / 15 \\ Riemannian Geometry and Tensor Calculus \\ Some Ideas about Curvature / 17 \\ Transformation Laws for Different Kinds of Tensors / 18 \\ Parallel Displacement and Covariant Differentiation / 22 \\ The Curvature Tensor / 28 \\ The Bianchi Identities / 32 \\ Geodesics / 34 \\ Some Useful Calculational Aids / 37 \\ Length Measurements / 39 \\ Determination of the Metric Tensor / 41 \\ Field Equations of General Relativity and Electromagnetism \\ The Gravitational Field Equations / 43 \\ Variational Principle Deduction of the Field Equations / 50 \\ Maxwell's Equations / 53 \\ Motion of a Charged Particle / 54 \\ Experimental Tests of General Relativity \\ The Schwarzschild Solution / 56 \\ The Gravitational Red Shift / 60 \\ Effects on Planetary Orbits / 64 \\ Deflection of Light / 67 \\ Concluding Remarks / 69 \\ The Conservation Laws \\ The Canonical Stress Energy Pseudotensor / 70 \\ Other Conservation Laws / 79 \\ Further Remarks on the Conservation Laws / 85 \\ Gravitational Waves \\ Weak-Field Solutions / 87 \\ Riemann Tensor for a Wave of Arbitrary Strength Which is Locally Plane / 90 \\ Approximate Evaluation of Source Volume Integrals / 92 \\ Weak-Field Approximations for Energy Flux and Energy Density / 94 \\ Linear Mass Quadrupole Oscillator / 95 \\ Radiation from a Spinning Rod / 97 \\ Further Remarks on the Weak-Field Solutions / 98 \\ Exact Cylindrical Wave Solutions / 99 \\ Interaction of a Particle with Cylindrical Gravitational Waves / 102 \\ Exact Plane-Wave Solutions / 105 \\ Initial-Value Formulation of the Radiation Problem / 107 \\ Time-Symmetric Solution With Positive Energy / 110 \\ Conditions on the Differentiability and Continuity of Manifolds / 113 \\ Six-Dimensional Treatment of Gravitational Radiation / 113 \\ Other Petrov Class II Wave Solutions / 119 \\ Detection and Generation of Gravitational Waves \\ Detection / 124 \\ Mass Quadrupole Detector / 126 \\ Interaction of a Crystal with a Gravitational Wave / 131 \\ Rotations Induced by Gravitational Radiation / 138 \\ Generation of Gravitational Waves / 140 \\ Other Radiation Experiments / 144 \\ Selected Topics in General Relativity \\ Unified Field Theories / 146 \\ Equations of Motion / 153 \\ Mach's Principle / 157 \\ Remarks on Cosmology / 162 \\ Hamiltonian Formulation / 167 \\ Remarks on Quantization of General Relativity / 184 \\ Spinors in General Relativity / 186 \\ Exercises / 191 \\ Index / 194

entry:
@Book{Weber:2004:GRG,
  author =       "J. (Joseph) Weber",
  title =        "General Relativity and Gravitational Waves",
  publisher =    pub-DOVER,
  address =      pub-DOVER:adr,
  pages =        "viii + 200",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "0-486-43887-2 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-486-43887-0 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC173.6 .W43 2004",
  bibdate =      "Sat Oct 28 15:02:35 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0618/2004056006-d.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Original edition \cite{Weber:1961:GRG}.",
  subject =      "General Relativity (physics); Gravitation",
  tableofcontents = "The Equivalence Principle \\
                 The E{\"o}tv{\"o}s Experiment / 1 \\
                 Negative Mass / 5 \\
                 Equivalence of Different Frames of Reference / 6 \\
                 Gravitational Red Shift of Spectral Lines / 8 \\
                 Further Remarks on the Equivalence Principle / 9 \\
                 Generalization of the Special Theory of Relativity \\
                 The Idea of Covariance / 11 \\
                 The Metric Tensor / 12 \\
                 The Metric Tensor in Curved Spaces and Accelerated
                 Frames / 12 \\
                 General Covariance / 15 \\
                 Riemannian Geometry and Tensor Calculus \\
                 Some Ideas about Curvature / 17 \\
                 Transformation Laws for Different Kinds of Tensors / 18
                 \\
                 Parallel Displacement and Covariant Differentiation /
                 22 \\
                 The Curvature Tensor / 28 \\
                 The Bianchi Identities / 32 \\
                 Geodesics / 34 \\
                 Some Useful Calculational Aids / 37 \\
                 Length Measurements / 39 \\
                 Determination of the Metric Tensor / 41 \\
                 Field Equations of General Relativity and
                 Electromagnetism \\
                 The Gravitational Field Equations / 43 \\
                 Variational Principle Deduction of the Field Equations
                 / 50 \\
                 Maxwell's Equations / 53 \\
                 Motion of a Charged Particle / 54 \\
                 Experimental Tests of General Relativity \\
                 The Schwarzschild Solution / 56 \\
                 The Gravitational Red Shift / 60 \\
                 Effects on Planetary Orbits / 64 \\
                 Deflection of Light / 67 \\
                 Concluding Remarks / 69 \\
                 The Conservation Laws \\
                 The Canonical Stress Energy Pseudotensor / 70 \\
                 Other Conservation Laws / 79 \\
                 Further Remarks on the Conservation Laws / 85 \\
                 Gravitational Waves \\
                 Weak-Field Solutions / 87 \\
                 Riemann Tensor for a Wave of Arbitrary Strength Which
                 is Locally Plane / 90 \\
                 Approximate Evaluation of Source Volume Integrals / 92
                 \\
                 Weak-Field Approximations for Energy Flux and Energy
                 Density / 94 \\
                 Linear Mass Quadrupole Oscillator / 95 \\
                 Radiation from a Spinning Rod / 97 \\
                 Further Remarks on the Weak-Field Solutions / 98 \\
                 Exact Cylindrical Wave Solutions / 99 \\
                 Interaction of a Particle with Cylindrical
                 Gravitational Waves / 102 \\
                 Exact Plane-Wave Solutions / 105 \\
                 Initial-Value Formulation of the Radiation Problem /
                 107 \\
                 Time-Symmetric Solution With Positive Energy / 110 \\
                 Conditions on the Differentiability and Continuity of
                 Manifolds / 113 \\
                 Six-Dimensional Treatment of Gravitational Radiation /
                 113 \\
                 Other Petrov Class II Wave Solutions / 119 \\
                 Detection and Generation of Gravitational Waves \\
                 Detection / 124 \\
                 Mass Quadrupole Detector / 126 \\
                 Interaction of a Crystal with a Gravitational Wave /
                 131 \\
                 Rotations Induced by Gravitational Radiation / 138 \\
                 Generation of Gravitational Waves / 140 \\
                 Other Radiation Experiments / 144 \\
                 Selected Topics in General Relativity \\
                 Unified Field Theories / 146 \\
                 Equations of Motion / 153 \\
                 Mach's Principle / 157 \\
                 Remarks on Cosmology / 162 \\
                 Hamiltonian Formulation / 167 \\
                 Remarks on Quantization of General Relativity / 184 \\
                 Spinors in General Relativity / 186 \\
                 Exercises / 191 \\
                 Index / 194",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Bona:2005:ENR
author: Carles Bona and Carlos Palenzuela-Luque
title: Elements of numerical relativity: from Einstein's equations to Black Hole simulations
volume: 673
publisher: pub-SV
address: pub-SV:adr
pages: xi + 151
year: 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-25779-0
ISBN: 3-540-25779-9 (hardcover) OR 3540257799 (hardcover)
ISBN13: 978-3-540-25779-0 (hardcover) OR 9783540257790 (hardcover)
ISSN: 0075-8450 (print), 1616-6361 (electronic) OR 00758450 (print), 16166361 (electronic)
LCCN: QC6 .B615 2005
bibdate: Fri Oct 7 08:50:24 MDT 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE
bibtimestamp: 2011.10.07 08:50:24 MDT
series: Lecture notes in physics
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Carles Bona and Carlos Palenzuela-Luque
rawtitle: Elements of numerical relativity: from {Einstein}'s equations to {Black Hole} simulations
subject:
Relativity (Physics); Space and time; Mathematics; Evolution equations; Numerical solutions; Einstein field equations

TOC:
1. The four-dimensional spacetime 2. The evolution formalism 3. Free evolution 4. First order hyperbolic systems 5. Boundary conditions 6. Black hole simulations

rawTOC:
1. The four-dimensional spacetime \\ 2. The evolution formalism \\ 3. Free evolution \\ 4. First order hyperbolic systems \\ 5. Boundary conditions \\ 6. Black hole simulations

entry:
@Book{Bona:2005:ENR,
  author =       "Carles Bona and Carlos Palenzuela-Luque",
  title =        "Elements of numerical relativity: from {Einstein}'s
                 equations to {Black Hole} simulations",
  volume =       "673",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 151",
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-25779-0",
  ISBN =         "3-540-25779-9 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-540-25779-0 (hardcover)",
  ISSN =         "0075-8450 (print), 1616-6361 (electronic)",
  LCCN =         "QC6 .B615 2005",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 7 08:50:24 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE",
  series =       "Lecture notes in physics",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Relativity (Physics); Space and time; Mathematics;
                 Evolution equations; Numerical solutions; Einstein
                 field equations",
  tableofcontents = "1. The four-dimensional spacetime \\
                 2. The evolution formalism \\
                 3. Free evolution \\
                 4. First order hyperbolic systems \\
                 5. Boundary conditions \\
                 6. Black hole simulations",
}


bibtype: article
filename: einstein.bib
label: Katzir:2005:PRP
author: Shaul Katzir
title: Poincare's Relativistic Physics: Its Origins and Nature
journal: Physics in Perspective (PIP)
volume: 7
number: 3
pages: 268--292
month: sep
monthnumber: 9
year: 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-004-0234-y
bibdate: Thu May 31 16:13:05 2012
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2012.05.31 16:13:05 ???
URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/w40237nj121084w3/
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Shaul Katzir
rawtitle: {Poincar{\'e}}'s Relativistic Physics: Its Origins and Nature
entry:
@Article{Katzir:2005:PRP,
  author =       "Shaul Katzir",
  title =        "{Poincar{\'e}}'s Relativistic Physics: Its Origins and
                 Nature",
  journal =      "Physics in Perspective (PIP)",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "268--292",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "2005",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-004-0234-y",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 31 16:13:05 2012",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/w40237nj121084w3/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Penrose:2005:RRC
author: Roger Penrose
title: The road to reality: a complete guide to the laws of the universe
publisher: pub-KNOPF
address: pub-KNOPF:adr
pages: xxviii + 1099
year: 2005
ISBN: 0-679-45443-8 OR 0679454438
ISBN13: 978-0-679-45443-4 OR 9780679454434
LCCN: QC20 .P366 2005
bibdate: Wed Jun 21 17:10:47 MDT 2006
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2006.06.21 17:10:47 MDT
remark: Originally published: London: Jonathan Cape, 2004.
subject: Mathematical physics; Physical laws
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Roger Penrose
rawtitle: The road to reality: a complete guide to the laws of the universe
URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/bios/random051/2004061543.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/random051/2004061543.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0619/2004061543-s.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0619/2004061543-t.html

abstract:
This guide to the universe aims to provide a comprehensive account of our present understanding of the physical universe, and the essentials of its underlying mathematical theory. It attempts to convey an overall understanding -- a feeling for the deep beauty and philosophical connotations of the subject, as well as of its intricate logical interconnections. While a work of this nature is challenging, no particular mathematical knowledge is assumed, the early chapters providing the essential background for the physical theories described in the remainder of the book. There is also enough descriptive material to carry the less mathematically inclined reader through, as well as some 450-500 figures. The book counters the common complaint that cutting-edge science is fundamentally inaccessible.

TOC:
The roots of science An ancient theorem and a modern question Kinds of number in the physical world Magical complex numbers Geometry of logarithms, powers, and roots Real-number calculus Complex-number calculus Riemann surfaces and complex mappings Fourier decomposition and hyperfunctions Surfaces Hypercomplex numbers Manifolds of n dimensions Symmetry groups Calculus on manifolds Fibre bundles and gauge connections The ladder of infinity Spacetime Minkowskian geometry The classical fields of Maxwell and Einstein Lagrangians and Hamiltonians The quantum particle Quantum algebra, geometry, and spin The entangled quantum world Dirac's electron and antiparticles The standard model of particle physics Quantum field theory The Big Bang and its thermodynamic legacy Speculative theories of the early universe The measurement paradox Gravity's role in quantum state reduction Supersymmetry, supra-dimensionality, and strings Einstein's narrower path : loop variables More radical perspectives : twistor theory Where lies the road to reality.

rawabstract:
This guide to the universe aims to provide a comprehensive account of our present understanding of the physical universe, and the essentials of its underlying mathematical theory. It attempts to convey an overall understanding -- a feeling for the deep beauty and philosophical connotations of the subject, as well as of its intricate logical interconnections. While a work of this nature is challenging, no particular mathematical knowledge is assumed, the early chapters providing the essential background for the physical theories described in the remainder of the book. There is also enough descriptive material to carry the less mathematically inclined reader through, as well as some 450-500 figures. The book counters the common complaint that cutting-edge science is fundamentally inaccessible.

rawTOC:
The roots of science \\ An ancient theorem and a modern question \\ Kinds of number in the physical world \\ Magical complex numbers \\ Geometry of logarithms, powers, and roots \\ Real-number calculus \\ Complex-number calculus \\ Riemann surfaces and complex mappings \\ Fourier decomposition and hyperfunctions \\ Surfaces \\ Hypercomplex numbers \\ Manifolds of n dimensions \\ Symmetry groups \\ Calculus on manifolds \\ Fibre bundles and gauge connections \\ The ladder of infinity \\ Spacetime \\ Minkowskian geometry \\ The classical fields of Maxwell and Einstein \\ Lagrangians and Hamiltonians \\ The quantum particle \\ Quantum algebra, geometry, and spin \\ The entangled quantum world \\ Dirac's electron and antiparticles \\ The standard model of particle physics \\ Quantum field theory \\ The Big Bang and its thermodynamic legacy \\ Speculative theories of the early universe \\ The measurement paradox \\ Gravity's role in quantum state reduction \\ Supersymmetry, supra-dimensionality, and strings \\ Einstein's narrower path : loop variables \\ More radical perspectives : twistor theory \\ Where lies the road to reality.

entry:
@Book{Penrose:2005:RRC,
  author =       "Roger Penrose",
  title =        "The road to reality: a complete guide to the laws of
                 the universe",
  publisher =    pub-KNOPF,
  address =      pub-KNOPF:adr,
  pages =        "xxviii + 1099",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "0-679-45443-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-679-45443-4",
  LCCN =         "QC20 .P366 2005",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 21 17:10:47 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/bios/random051/2004061543.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/random051/2004061543.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0619/2004061543-s.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0619/2004061543-t.html",
  abstract =     "This guide to the universe aims to provide a
                 comprehensive account of our present understanding of
                 the physical universe, and the essentials of its
                 underlying mathematical theory. It attempts to convey
                 an overall understanding -- a feeling for the deep
                 beauty and philosophical connotations of the subject,
                 as well as of its intricate logical interconnections.
                 While a work of this nature is challenging, no
                 particular mathematical knowledge is assumed, the early
                 chapters providing the essential background for the
                 physical theories described in the remainder of the
                 book. There is also enough descriptive material to
                 carry the less mathematically inclined reader through,
                 as well as some 450-500 figures. The book counters the
                 common complaint that cutting-edge science is
                 fundamentally inaccessible.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Originally published: London: Jonathan Cape, 2004.",
  subject =      "Mathematical physics; Physical laws",
  tableofcontents = "The roots of science \\
                 An ancient theorem and a modern question \\
                 Kinds of number in the physical world \\
                 Magical complex numbers \\
                 Geometry of logarithms, powers, and roots \\
                 Real-number calculus \\
                 Complex-number calculus \\
                 Riemann surfaces and complex mappings \\
                 Fourier decomposition and hyperfunctions \\
                 Surfaces \\
                 Hypercomplex numbers \\
                 Manifolds of n dimensions \\
                 Symmetry groups \\
                 Calculus on manifolds \\
                 Fibre bundles and gauge connections \\
                 The ladder of infinity \\
                 Spacetime \\
                 Minkowskian geometry \\
                 The classical fields of Maxwell and Einstein \\
                 Lagrangians and Hamiltonians \\
                 The quantum particle \\
                 Quantum algebra, geometry, and spin \\
                 The entangled quantum world \\
                 Dirac's electron and antiparticles \\
                 The standard model of particle physics \\
                 Quantum field theory \\
                 The Big Bang and its thermodynamic legacy \\
                 Speculative theories of the early universe \\
                 The measurement paradox \\
                 Gravity's role in quantum state reduction \\
                 Supersymmetry, supra-dimensionality, and strings \\
                 Einstein's narrower path : loop variables \\
                 More radical perspectives : twistor theory \\
                 Where lies the road to reality.",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Weinberg:2005:QTF
author: Steven Weinberg
title: The quantum theory of fields. 1. Foundations, 2. Modern applications, 3. Supersymmetry
publisher: pub-CAMBRIDGE
address: pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr
pages: xxvi + 609
year: 2005
ISBN: 0-521-67053-5 (paperback) OR 0521670535 (paperback)
ISBN13: 978-0-521-67053-1 (paperback) OR 9780521670531 (paperback)
bibdate: Wed Aug 12 18:24:11 MDT 2009
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk
bibtimestamp: 2009.08.12 18:24:11 MDT
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Steven Weinberg
rawtitle: The quantum theory of fields. 1. Foundations, 2. Modern applications, 3. Supersymmetry
URL:
http://www.gbv.de/dms/ohb-opac/481933859.pdf; http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?an=1069.81500

TOC:
Cover Front Matter Title Copyright Contents Preface To Volume III Notation 24 Historical Introduction 24.1 Unconventional Symmetries and 'No-Go' Theorems 24.2 The Birth of Supersymmetry Appendix A Su(6) Symmetry of Non-Relativistic Quark Models Appendix B The Coleman--Mandula Theorem Problems References 25 Supersymmetry Algebras 25.1 Graded Lie Algebras and Graded Parameters 25.2 Supersymmetry Algebras 25.3 Space Inversion Properties of Supersymmetry Generators 25.4 Massless Particle SupermuItiplets 25.5 Massive Particle Supermultiplets Problems References 26 Supersymmetric Field Theories 26.1 Direct Construction of Field Supermultiplets 26.2 General Superfields 26.3 Chiral and Linear Superfields 26.4 Renormalizable Theories of Chiral Superfields 26.5 Spontaneous Supersymmetry Breaking in the Tree Approximation 26.6 Superspace Integrals, Field Equations, and the Current Superfield 26.7 The Supercurrent 26.8 General Kahler Potentials Appendix Majorana Spinors Problems References 27 Supersymmetric Gauge Theories 27.1 Gauge-Invariant Actions for Chiral Superfields 27.2 Gauge-Invariant Action for Abelian Gauge Superfields 27.3 Gauge-Invariant Action for General Gauge Superfields 27.4 Renormalizable Gauge Theories with Chiral Superfields 27.5 Supersymmetry Breaking in the Tree Approximation Resumed 27.6 Perturbative Non-Renormalization Theorems 27.7 Soft Supersymmetry Breaking 27.8 Another Approach: Gauge-Invariant Supersymmetry Transformations 27.9 Gauge Theories with Extended Supersymmetry Problems References 28 Supersymmetric Versions of the Standard Model 28.1 Superfields, Anomalies, and Conservation Laws 28.2 Supersymmetry and Strong-Electroweak Unification 28.3 Where is Supersymmetry Broken?28.4 The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model 28.5 The Sector of Zero Baryon and Lepton Number 28.6 Gauge Mediation of Supersymmetry Breaking 28.7 Baryon and Lepton Non-Conservation Problems References 29 Beyond Perturbation Theory 29.1 General Aspects of Supersymmetry Breaking 29.2 Supersymmetry Current Sum Rules 29.3 Non-Perturbative Corrections to the Superpotential 29.4 Supersymmetry Breaking in Gauge Theories 29.5 The Seiberg--Witten Solution Problems References 30 Supergraphs 30.1 Potential Superfields 30.2 Superpropagators 30.3 Calculations with Supergraphs Problems

rawTOC:
Cover \\ Front Matter \\ Title \\ Copyright \\ Contents \\ Preface To Volume III \\ Notation \\ 24 Historical Introduction \\ 24.1 Unconventional Symmetries and 'No-Go' Theorems \\ 24.2 The Birth of Supersymmetry \\ Appendix A Su(6) Symmetry of Non-Relativistic Quark Models \\ Appendix B The Coleman--Mandula Theorem \\ Problems \\ References \\ 25 Supersymmetry Algebras \\ 25.1 Graded Lie Algebras and Graded Parameters \\ 25.2 Supersymmetry Algebras \\ 25.3 Space Inversion Properties of Supersymmetry Generators \\ 25.4 Massless Particle SupermuItiplets \\ 25.5 Massive Particle Supermultiplets \\ Problems \\ References 26 Supersymmetric Field Theories 26.1 Direct Construction of Field Supermultiplets \\ 26.2 General Superfields \\ 26.3 Chiral and Linear Superfields \\ 26.4 Renormalizable Theories of Chiral Superfields \\ 26.5 Spontaneous Supersymmetry Breaking in the Tree Approximation \\ 26.6 Superspace Integrals, Field Equations, and the Current Superfield \\ 26.7 The Supercurrent \\ 26.8 General Kahler Potentials \\ Appendix Majorana Spinors \\ Problems \\ References \\ 27 Supersymmetric Gauge Theories \\ 27.1 Gauge-Invariant Actions for Chiral Superfields \\ 27.2 Gauge-Invariant Action for Abelian Gauge Superfields 27.3 Gauge-Invariant Action for General Gauge Superfields 27.4 Renormalizable Gauge Theories with Chiral Superfields \\ 27.5 Supersymmetry Breaking in the Tree Approximation Resumed \\ 27.6 Perturbative Non-Renormalization Theorems \\ 27.7 Soft Supersymmetry Breaking \\ 27.8 Another Approach: Gauge-Invariant Supersymmetry Transformations \\ 27.9 Gauge Theories with Extended Supersymmetry \\ Problems \\ References \\ 28 Supersymmetric Versions of the Standard Model \\ 28.1 Superfields, Anomalies, and Conservation Laws \\ 28.2 Supersymmetry and Strong-Electroweak Unification \\ 28.3 Where is Supersymmetry Broken?28.4 The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model 28.5 The Sector of Zero Baryon and Lepton Number \\ 28.6 Gauge Mediation of Supersymmetry Breaking \\ 28.7 Baryon and Lepton Non-Conservation \\ Problems \\ References \\ 29 Beyond Perturbation Theory \\ 29.1 General Aspects of Supersymmetry Breaking \\ 29.2 Supersymmetry Current Sum Rules \\ 29.3 Non-Perturbative Corrections to the Superpotential \\ 29.4 Supersymmetry Breaking in Gauge Theories \\ 29.5 The Seiberg--Witten Solution \\ Problems \\ References \\ 30 Supergraphs \\ 30.1 Potential Superfields \\ 30.2 Superpropagators \\ 30.3 Calculations with Supergraphs \\ Problems

entry:
@Book{Weinberg:2005:QTF,
  author =       "Steven Weinberg",
  title =        "The quantum theory of fields. 1. Foundations, 2.
                 Modern applications, 3. Supersymmetry",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xxvi + 609",
  year =         "2005",
  ISBN =         "0-521-67053-5 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-67053-1 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 12 18:24:11 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  URL =          "http://www.gbv.de/dms/ohb-opac/481933859.pdf;
                 http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?an=1069.81500",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "Cover \\
                 Front Matter \\
                 Title \\
                 Copyright \\
                 Contents \\
                 Preface To Volume III \\
                 Notation \\
                 24 Historical Introduction \\
                 24.1 Unconventional Symmetries and 'No-Go' Theorems \\
                 24.2 The Birth of Supersymmetry \\
                 Appendix A Su(6) Symmetry of Non-Relativistic Quark
                 Models \\
                 Appendix B The Coleman--Mandula Theorem \\
                 Problems \\
                 References \\
                 25 Supersymmetry Algebras \\
                 25.1 Graded Lie Algebras and Graded Parameters \\
                 25.2 Supersymmetry Algebras \\
                 25.3 Space Inversion Properties of Supersymmetry
                 Generators \\
                 25.4 Massless Particle SupermuItiplets \\
                 25.5 Massive Particle Supermultiplets \\
                 Problems \\
                 References 26 Supersymmetric Field Theories 26.1 Direct
                 Construction of Field Supermultiplets \\
                 26.2 General Superfields \\
                 26.3 Chiral and Linear Superfields \\
                 26.4 Renormalizable Theories of Chiral Superfields \\
                 26.5 Spontaneous Supersymmetry Breaking in the Tree
                 Approximation \\
                 26.6 Superspace Integrals, Field Equations, and the
                 Current Superfield \\
                 26.7 The Supercurrent \\
                 26.8 General Kahler Potentials \\
                 Appendix Majorana Spinors \\
                 Problems \\
                 References \\
                 27 Supersymmetric Gauge Theories \\
                 27.1 Gauge-Invariant Actions for Chiral Superfields \\
                 27.2 Gauge-Invariant Action for Abelian Gauge
                 Superfields 27.3 Gauge-Invariant Action for General
                 Gauge Superfields 27.4 Renormalizable Gauge Theories
                 with Chiral Superfields \\
                 27.5 Supersymmetry Breaking in the Tree Approximation
                 Resumed \\
                 27.6 Perturbative Non-Renormalization Theorems \\
                 27.7 Soft Supersymmetry Breaking \\
                 27.8 Another Approach: Gauge-Invariant Supersymmetry
                 Transformations \\
                 27.9 Gauge Theories with Extended Supersymmetry \\
                 Problems \\
                 References \\
                 28 Supersymmetric Versions of the Standard Model \\
                 28.1 Superfields, Anomalies, and Conservation Laws \\
                 28.2 Supersymmetry and Strong-Electroweak Unification
                 \\
                 28.3 Where is Supersymmetry Broken?28.4 The Minimal
                 Supersymmetric Standard Model 28.5 The Sector of Zero
                 Baryon and Lepton Number \\
                 28.6 Gauge Mediation of Supersymmetry Breaking \\
                 28.7 Baryon and Lepton Non-Conservation \\
                 Problems \\
                 References \\
                 29 Beyond Perturbation Theory \\
                 29.1 General Aspects of Supersymmetry Breaking \\
                 29.2 Supersymmetry Current Sum Rules \\
                 29.3 Non-Perturbative Corrections to the Superpotential
                 \\
                 29.4 Supersymmetry Breaking in Gauge Theories \\
                 29.5 The Seiberg--Witten Solution \\
                 Problems \\
                 References \\
                 30 Supergraphs \\
                 30.1 Potential Superfields \\
                 30.2 Superpropagators \\
                 30.3 Calculations with Supergraphs \\
                 Problems",
}


bibtype: misc
filename: einstein.bib
label: Bergman:2006:BRE
author: Aaron Bergman
pages: 11
day: 18
month: aug
monthnumber: 8
year: 2006
bibdate: Mon Oct 09 11:38:47 2006
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2006.10.09 11:38:47 ???
URL: http://zippy.ph.utexas.edu/~abergman/Review.pdf
remark: Critical review and rebuttal of Woit's book.
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
howpublished: World Wide Web document
rawauthor: Aaron Bergman
title:
Book Review: em Not Even Wrong: The Failure of String Theory and the Continuing Challenge to Unify the Laws of Physics, Peter Woit, Jonathan Cape, London 2006

rawtitle:
Book Review: {{\em Not Even Wrong: The Failure of String Theory and the Continuing Challenge to Unify the Laws of Physics}, Peter Woit, Jonathan Cape, London 2006}

entry:
@Misc{Bergman:2006:BRE,
  author =       "Aaron Bergman",
  title =        "Book Review: {{\em Not Even Wrong: The Failure of
                 String Theory and the Continuing Challenge to Unify the
                 Laws of Physics}, Peter Woit, Jonathan Cape, London
                 2006}",
  howpublished = "World Wide Web document",
  pages =        "11",
  day =          "18",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "2006",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 09 11:38:47 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://zippy.ph.utexas.edu/~abergman/Review.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Critical review and rebuttal of Woit's book.",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Frauendiener:2006:ANA
editor: J. (Jorg) Frauendiener and D. (Domenico) Giulini and Volker Perlick and Roger Penrose
title: Analytical and numerical approaches to mathematical relativity
volume: 692
publisher: pub-SV
address: pub-SV:adr
pages: xvii + 278
year: 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/b11550259
ISBN: 3-540-31027-4, 3-540-33484-X (e-book) OR 3540310274, 354033484X (ebook)
ISBN13: 978-3-540-31027-3, 978-3-540-33484-2 (e-book) OR 9783540310273, 9783540334842 (ebook)
ISSN: 0075-8450 (print), 1616-6361 (electronic) OR 00758450 (print), 16166361 (electronic)
LCCN: QC173.59.M3 A63 2006
bibdate: Fri Oct 7 08:50:24 MDT 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE
bibtimestamp: 2011.10.07 08:50:24 MDT
series: Lecture notes in physics
subject: Relativity (Physics); Mathematics; Mathematical physics
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
raweditor: J. (J{\"o}rg) Frauendiener and D. (Domenico) Giulini and Volker Perlick and Roger Penrose
rawtitle: Analytical and numerical approaches to mathematical relativity
abstract:
This book contains a representative collection of surveys by experts in mathematical relativity writing about the current status of, and problems in, their fields. There are four contributions for each of the following mathematical areas: differential geometry and differential topology, analytical methods and differential equations, and numerical methods. This book addresses graduate students and specialist researchers alike.

TOC:
A personal perspective on global Lorentzian geometry / P. E. Ehrlich The space of null geodesics (and a new causal boundary) / R. J. Low Some variational problems in semi-Riemannian geometry / A. Masiello On the geometry of pp-wave type spacetimes / J. L. Flores and M. Sanchez Concepts of hyperbolicity and relativistic continuum mechanics / R. Beig Elliptic systems / S. Dain Mathematical properties of cosmological models with accelerated expansion / A. D. Rendall The Poincare structure and the centre-of-mass of asymptotically flat spacetimes / L. B. Szabados Computer simulation: a tool for mathematical relativity and vice versa / B. K. Berger On boundary conditions for the Einstein equations / S. Fritelli and R. Gomez Recent analytical and numerical techniques applied to the Einstein equations / D. Neilsen ldots [et al. ] Some mathematical problems in numerical relativity / M. Babiuc, B. Szilagyi, J. Winicour

rawabstract:
This book contains a representative collection of surveys by experts in mathematical relativity writing about the current status of, and problems in, their fields. There are four contributions for each of the following mathematical areas: differential geometry and differential topology, analytical methods and differential equations, and numerical methods. This book addresses graduate students and specialist researchers alike.

rawTOC:
A personal perspective on global Lorentzian geometry / P. E. Ehrlich \\ The space of null geodesics (and a new causal boundary) / R. J. Low \\ Some variational problems in semi-Riemannian geometry / A. Masiello \\ On the geometry of pp-wave type spacetimes / J. L. Flores and M. S{\'a}nchez \\ Concepts of hyperbolicity and relativistic continuum mechanics / R. Beig \\ Elliptic systems / S. Dain \\ Mathematical properties of cosmological models with accelerated expansion / A. D. Rendall \\ The Poincar{\'e} structure and the centre-of-mass of asymptotically flat spacetimes / L. B. Szabados \\ Computer simulation: a tool for mathematical relativity \\ and vice versa / B. K. Berger \\ On boundary conditions for the Einstein equations / S. Fritelli and R. G{\'o}mez \\ Recent analytical and numerical techniques applied to the Einstein equations / D. Neilsen \ldots{} [et al. ] \\ Some mathematical problems in numerical relativity / M. Babiuc, B. Szil{\'a}gyi, J. Winicour

entry:
@Book{Frauendiener:2006:ANA,
  editor =       "J. (J{\"o}rg) Frauendiener and D. (Domenico) Giulini
                 and Volker Perlick and Roger Penrose",
  title =        "Analytical and numerical approaches to mathematical
                 relativity",
  volume =       "692",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xvii + 278",
  year =         "2006",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/b11550259",
  ISBN =         "3-540-31027-4, 3-540-33484-X (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-540-31027-3, 978-3-540-33484-2 (e-book)",
  ISSN =         "0075-8450 (print), 1616-6361 (electronic)",
  LCCN =         "QC173.59.M3 A63 2006",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 7 08:50:24 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE",
  series =       "Lecture notes in physics",
  abstract =     "This book contains a representative collection of
                 surveys by experts in mathematical relativity writing
                 about the current status of, and problems in, their
                 fields. There are four contributions for each of the
                 following mathematical areas: differential geometry and
                 differential topology, analytical methods and
                 differential equations, and numerical methods. This
                 book addresses graduate students and specialist
                 researchers alike.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Relativity (Physics); Mathematics; Mathematical
                 physics",
  tableofcontents = "A personal perspective on global Lorentzian
                 geometry / P. E. Ehrlich \\
                 The space of null geodesics (and a new causal boundary)
                 / R. J. Low \\
                 Some variational problems in semi-Riemannian geometry /
                 A. Masiello \\
                 On the geometry of pp-wave type spacetimes / J. L.
                 Flores and M. S{\'a}nchez \\
                 Concepts of hyperbolicity and relativistic continuum
                 mechanics / R. Beig \\
                 Elliptic systems / S. Dain \\
                 Mathematical properties of cosmological models with
                 accelerated expansion / A. D. Rendall \\
                 The Poincar{\'e} structure and the centre-of-mass of
                 asymptotically flat spacetimes / L. B. Szabados \\
                 Computer simulation: a tool for mathematical relativity
                 \\
                 and vice versa / B. K. Berger \\
                 On boundary conditions for the Einstein equations / S.
                 Fritelli and R. G{\'o}mez \\
                 Recent analytical and numerical techniques applied to
                 the Einstein equations / D. Neilsen \ldots{} [et al. ]
                 \\
                 Some mathematical problems in numerical relativity / M.
                 Babiuc, B. Szil{\'a}gyi, J. Winicour",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Plebanski:2006:IGR
author: Jerzy Plebanski and Andrzej Krasinski
title: An Introduction to General Relativity and Cosmology
publisher: pub-CAMBRIDGE
address: pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr
pages: xix + 534
year: 2006
ISBN: 0-521-85623-X (hardcover), 1-139-45840-X OR 052185623X (hardcover), 113945840X
ISBN13: 978-0-521-85623-2 (hardcover), 978-1-139-45840-5 OR 9780521856232 (hardcover), 9781139458405
LCCN: QC173.6 .P64 2006
bibdate: Thu Dec 04 16:14:19 2014
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2014.12.04 16:14:19 ???
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Jerzy Pleba{\'n}ski and Andrzej Krasi{\'n}ski
rawtitle: An Introduction to General Relativity and Cosmology
URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0618/2006299685-d.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0618/2006299685-t.html

TOC:
1. How the theory of relativity came into being (a brief historical sketch) / 1 Part I. Elements of Differential Geometry / 7 2. A short sketch of two-dimensional differential geometries / 9 3. Tensors, tensor densities / 13 4. Covariant derivatives / 26 5. Parallel transport and geodesic lines / 33 6. Curvature of a manifold: flat manifolds / 36 7. Riemannian geometry / 48 8. Symmetries of Rieman spaces, invariance of tensors / 74 9. Methods to calculate the curvature quickly --- Cartan forms and algebraic computer programs / 94 10. The spatially homogeneous Bianchi-type spacetimes / 99 11. The Petrov classification by the spinor method / 113 Part II. The Gravitation Theory / 123 12. The Einstein equations and the sources of a gravitational field / 125 13. The Maxwell and Einstein--Maxwell equations and the Kaluza--Klein theory / 161 14. Spherically symmetric gravitational field of isolated objects / 168 15. Relativistic hydrodynamics and thermodynamics / 222 16. Relativistic cosmology I: general geometry / 235 17. Relativistic cosmology II: the Robertson--Walker geometry / 261 18. Relativistic cosmology III: the Lemaitre--Tolman geometry / 294 19. Relativistic cosmology IV: generalisations of L-T and related geometries / 367 20. The Kerr solution / 438 21. Subjects omitted in this book / 498 References

rawTOC:
1. How the theory of relativity came into being (a brief historical sketch) / 1 \\ Part I. Elements of Differential Geometry / 7 \\ 2. A short sketch of two-dimensional differential geometries / 9 \\ 3. Tensors, tensor densities / 13 \\ 4. Covariant derivatives / 26 \\ 5. Parallel transport and geodesic lines / 33 \\ 6. Curvature of a manifold: flat manifolds / 36 \\ 7. Riemannian geometry / 48 \\ 8. Symmetries of Rieman spaces, invariance of tensors / 74 \\ 9. Methods to calculate the curvature quickly --- Cartan forms and algebraic computer programs / 94 \\ 10. The spatially homogeneous Bianchi-type spacetimes / 99 \\ 11. The Petrov classification by the spinor method / 113 \\ Part II. The Gravitation Theory / 123 \\ 12. The Einstein equations and the sources of a gravitational field / 125 \\ 13. The Maxwell and Einstein--Maxwell equations and the Kaluza--Klein theory / 161 \\ 14. Spherically symmetric gravitational field of isolated objects / 168 \\ 15. Relativistic hydrodynamics and thermodynamics / 222 \\ 16. Relativistic cosmology I: general geometry / 235 \\ 17. Relativistic cosmology II: the Robertson--Walker geometry / 261 \\ 18. Relativistic cosmology III: the Lema{\^\i}tre--Tolman geometry / 294 \\ 19. Relativistic cosmology IV: generalisations of L-T and related geometries / 367 \\ 20. The Kerr solution / 438 \\ 21. Subjects omitted in this book / 498 \\ References

entry:
@Book{Plebanski:2006:IGR,
  author =       "Jerzy Pleba{\'n}ski and Andrzej Krasi{\'n}ski",
  title =        "An Introduction to General Relativity and Cosmology",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xix + 534",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-521-85623-X (hardcover), 1-139-45840-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-85623-2 (hardcover), 978-1-139-45840-5",
  LCCN =         "QC173.6 .P64 2006",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 04 16:14:19 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0618/2006299685-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0618/2006299685-t.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "1. How the theory of relativity came into being (a
                 brief historical sketch) / 1 \\
                 Part I. Elements of Differential Geometry / 7 \\
                 2. A short sketch of two-dimensional differential
                 geometries / 9 \\
                 3. Tensors, tensor densities / 13 \\
                 4. Covariant derivatives / 26 \\
                 5. Parallel transport and geodesic lines / 33 \\
                 6. Curvature of a manifold: flat manifolds / 36 \\
                 7. Riemannian geometry / 48 \\
                 8. Symmetries of Rieman spaces, invariance of tensors /
                 74 \\
                 9. Methods to calculate the curvature quickly ---
                 Cartan forms and algebraic computer programs / 94 \\
                 10. The spatially homogeneous Bianchi-type spacetimes /
                 99 \\
                 11. The Petrov classification by the spinor method /
                 113 \\
                 Part II. The Gravitation Theory / 123 \\
                 12. The Einstein equations and the sources of a
                 gravitational field / 125 \\
                 13. The Maxwell and Einstein--Maxwell equations and the
                 Kaluza--Klein theory / 161 \\
                 14. Spherically symmetric gravitational field of
                 isolated objects / 168 \\
                 15. Relativistic hydrodynamics and thermodynamics / 222
                 \\
                 16. Relativistic cosmology I: general geometry / 235
                 \\
                 17. Relativistic cosmology II: the Robertson--Walker
                 geometry / 261 \\
                 18. Relativistic cosmology III: the
                 Lema{\^\i}tre--Tolman geometry / 294 \\
                 19. Relativistic cosmology IV: generalisations of L-T
                 and related geometries / 367 \\
                 20. The Kerr solution / 438 \\
                 21. Subjects omitted in this book / 498 \\
                 References",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Rindler:2006:RSG
author: Wolfgang Rindler
title: Relativity: special, general, and cosmological
publisher: pub-OXFORD
address: pub-OXFORD:adr
edition: Second
pages: xv + 430
year: 2006
LCCN: QC173.55 .R563 2006
bibdate: Wed Dec 24 14:11:20 MST 2008
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2008.12.24 14:11:20 MST
subject: relativity (physics); cosmology
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Wolfgang Rindler
rawtitle: {Relativity}: special, general, and cosmological
ISBN:
0-19-856732-4 (paperback), 0-19-856731-6 (hardcover) OR 0198567324 (paperback), 0198567316 (hardcover)

ISBN13:
978-0-19-856732-5 (paperback), 978-0-19-856731-8 (hardcover) OR 9780198567325 (paperback), 9780198567318 (hardcover)

URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0725/2006277893-b.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0725/2006277893-d.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0611/2006277893.html

TOC:
1 From absolute space and time to influenceable spacetime: an overview / 3 1.1 Definition of relativity / 3 1.2 Newton's laws and inertial frames / 4 1.3 The Galilean transformation / 5 1.4 Newtonian relativity / 6 1.5 Objections to absolute space; Mach's principle / 7 1.6 The ether / 9 1.7 Michelson and Morley's search for the ether / 9 1.8 Lorentz's ether theory / 10 1.9 Origins of special relativity / 12 1.10 Further arguments for Einstein's two postulates / 14 1.11 Cosmology and first doubts about inertial frames / 15 1.12 Inertial and gravitational mass / 16 1.13 Einstein's equivalence principle / 18 1.14 Preview of general relativity / 20 1.15 Caveats on the equivalence principle / 22 1.16 Gravitational frequency shift and light bending / 24 Exercises 1 / 27 I Special Relativity / 31 2 Foundations of special relativity; The Lorentz transformation / 33 2.1 On the nature of physical theories / 33 2.2 Basic features of special relativity / 34 2.3 Relativistic problem solving / 36 2.4 Relativity of simultaneity, time dilation and length contraction: a preview / 38 2.5 The relativity principle and the homogeneity and isotropy of inertial frames / 39 2.6 The coordinate lattice; Definitions of simultaneity / 41 2.7 Derivation of the Lorentz transformation / 43 2.8 Properties of the Lorentz transformation / 47 2.9 Graphical representation of the Lorentz transformation / 49 2.10 The relativistic speed limit / 54 2.11 Which transformations are allowed by the relativity principle? / 57 Exercises 2 / 58 3 Relativistic kinematics / 61 3.1 Introduction / 61 3.2 World-picture and world-map / 61 3.3 Length contraction / 62 3.4 Length contraction paradox / 63 3.5 Time dilation; The twin paradox / 64 3.6 Velocity transformation; Relative and mutual velocity / 68 3.7 Acceleration transformation; Hyperbolic motion / 70 3.8 Rigid motion and the uniformly accelerated rod / 71 Exercises 3 / 73 4 Relativistic optics / 77 4.1 Introduction / 77 4.2 The drag effect / 77 4.3 The Doppler effect / 78 4.4 Aberration / 81 4.5 The visual appearance of moving objects / 82 Exercises 4 / 85 5 Spacetime and four-vectors / 89 5.1 The discovery of Minkowski space / 89 5.2 Three-dimensional Minkowski diagrams / 90 5.3 Light cones and intervals / 91 5.4 Three-vectors / 94 5.5 Four-vectors / 97 5.6 The geometry of four-vectors / 101 5.7 Plane waves / 103 Exercises 5 / 105 6 Relativistic particle mechanics / 108 6.1 Domain of sufficient validity of Newtonian mechanics / 108 6.2 The axioms of the new mechanics / 109 6.3 The equivalence of mass and energy / 111 6.4 Four-momentum identities / 114 6.5 Relativistic billiards / 115 6.6 The zero-momentum frame / 117 6.7 Threshold energies / 118 6.8 Light quanta and de Broglie waves / 119 6.9 The Compton effect / 121 6.10 Four-force and three-force / 123 Exercises 6 / 126 7 Four-tensors; Electromagnetism in vacuum / 130 7.1 Tensors: Preliminary ideas and notations / 130 7.2 Tensors: Definition and properties / 132 7.3 Maxwell's equations in tensor form / 139 7.4 The four-potential / 143 7.5 Transformation of e and b; The dual field / 146 7.6 The field of a uniformly moving point charge / 148 7.7 The field of an infinite straight current / 150 7.8 The energy tensor of the electromagnetic field / 151 7.9 From the mechanics of the field to the mechanics of material continua / 154 Exercises 7 / 157 II General Relativity / 163 8 Curved spaces and the basic ideas of general relativity / 165 8.1 Curved surfaces / 165 8.2 Curved spaces of higher dimensions / 169 8.3 Riemannian spaces / 172 8.4 A plan for general relativity / 177 Exercises 8 / 180 9 Static and stationary spacetimes / 183 9.1 The coordinate lattice / 183 9.2 Synchronization of clocks / 184 9.3 First standard form of the metric / 186 9.4 Newtonian support for the geodesic law of motion / 188 9.5 Symmetries and the geometric characterization of static and stationary spacetimes / 191 9.6 Canonical metric and relativistic potentials / 195 9.7 The uniformly rotating lattice in Minkowski space / 198 Exercises 9 / 200 10 Geodesics, curvature tensor and vacuum field equations / 203 10.1 Tensors for general relativity / 203 10.2 Geodesics / 204 10.3 Geodesic coordinates / 208 10.4 Covariant and absolute differentiation / 210 10.5 The Riemann curvature tensor / 217 10.6 Einstein's vacuum field equations / 221 Exercises 10 / 224 11 The Schwarzschild metric / 228 11.1 Derivation of the metric / 228 11.2 Properties of the metric / 230 11.3 The geometry of the Schwarzschild lattice / 231 11.4 Contributions of the spatial curvature to post-Newtonian effects / 233 11.5 Coordinates and measurements / 235 11.6 The gravitational frequency shift / 236 11.7 Isotropic metric and Shapiro time delay / 237 11.8 Particle orbits in Schwarzschild space / 238 11.9 The precession of Mercury's orbit / 241 11.10 Photon orbits / 245 11.11 Deflection of light by a spherical mass / 248 11.12 Gravitational lenses / 250 11.13 de Sitter precession via rotating coordinates / 252 Exercises 11 / 254 12 Black holes and Kruskal space / 258 12.1 Schwarzschild black holes / 258 12.2 Potential energy; A general-relativistic `proof' of $E = m c^2$ / 263 12.3 The extendibility of Schwarzschild spacetime / 265 12.4 The uniformly accelerated lattice / 267 12.5 Kruskal space / 272 12.6 Black-hole thermodynamics and related topics / 279 Exercises 12 / 281 13 An exact plane gravitational wave / 284 13.1 Introduction / 284 13.2 The plane-wave metric / 284 13.3 When wave meets dust / 287 13.4 Inertial coordinates behind the wave / 288 13.5 When wave meets light / 290 13.6 The Penrose topology / 291 13.7 Solving the field equation / 293 Exercises 13 / 295 14 The full field equations; de Sitter space / 296 14.1 The laws of physics in curved spacetime / 296 14.2 At last, the full field equations / 299 14.3 The cosmological constant / 303 14.4 Modified Schwarzschild space / 304 14.5 de Sitter space / 306 14.6 Anti-de Sitter space / 312 Exercises 14 / 314 15 Linearized general relativity / 318 15.1 The basic equations / 318 15.2 Gravitational waves; The TT gauge / 323 15.3 Some physics of plane waves / 325 15.4 Generation and detection of gravitational waves / 330 15.5 The electromagnetic analogy in linearized GR / 335 Exercises 15 / 341 III Cosmology / 345 16 Cosmological spacetimes / 347 16.1 The basic facts / 347 16.2 Beginning to construct the model / 358 16.3 Milne's model / 360 16.4 The Friedman--Robertson--Walker metric / 363 16.5 Robertson and Walker's theorem / 368 Exercises 16 / 369 17 Light propagation in FRW universes / 373 17.1 Representation of FRW universes by subuniverses / 373 17.2 The cosmological frequency shift / 374 17.3 Cosmological horizons / 376 17.4 The apparent horizon / 382 17.5 Observables / 384 Exercises 17 / 388 18 Dynamics of FRW universes / 391 18.1 Applying the field equations / 391 18.2 What the field equations tell us / 393 18.3 The Friedman models / 397 18.4 Once again, comparison with observation / 406 18.5 Inflation / 411 18.6 The anthropic principle / 415 Exercises 18 / 416

rawTOC:
1 From absolute space and time to influenceable spacetime: an overview / 3 \\ 1.1 Definition of relativity / 3 \\ 1.2 Newton's laws and inertial frames / 4 \\ 1.3 The Galilean transformation / 5 \\ 1.4 Newtonian relativity / 6 \\ 1.5 Objections to absolute space; Mach's principle / 7 \\ 1.6 The ether / 9 \\ 1.7 Michelson and Morley's search for the ether / 9 \\ 1.8 Lorentz's ether theory / 10 \\ 1.9 Origins of special relativity / 12 \\ 1.10 Further arguments for Einstein's two postulates / 14 \\ 1.11 Cosmology and first doubts about inertial frames / 15 \\ 1.12 Inertial and gravitational mass / 16 \\ 1.13 Einstein's equivalence principle / 18 \\ 1.14 Preview of general relativity / 20 \\ 1.15 Caveats on the equivalence principle / 22 \\ 1.16 Gravitational frequency shift and light bending / 24 \\ Exercises 1 / 27 \\ I Special Relativity / 31 \\ 2 Foundations of special relativity; The Lorentz transformation / 33 \\ 2.1 On the nature of physical theories / 33 \\ 2.2 Basic features of special relativity / 34 \\ 2.3 Relativistic problem solving / 36 \\ 2.4 Relativity of simultaneity, time dilation and length contraction: a preview / 38 \\ 2.5 The relativity principle and the homogeneity and isotropy of inertial frames / 39 \\ 2.6 The coordinate lattice; Definitions of simultaneity / 41 \\ 2.7 Derivation of the Lorentz transformation / 43 \\ 2.8 Properties of the Lorentz transformation / 47 \\ 2.9 Graphical representation of the Lorentz transformation / 49 \\ 2.10 The relativistic speed limit / 54 \\ 2.11 Which transformations are allowed by the relativity principle? / 57 \\ Exercises 2 / 58 \\ 3 Relativistic kinematics / 61 \\ 3.1 Introduction / 61 \\ 3.2 World-picture and world-map / 61 \\ 3.3 Length contraction / 62 \\ 3.4 Length contraction paradox / 63 \\ 3.5 Time dilation; The twin paradox / 64 \\ 3.6 Velocity transformation; Relative and mutual velocity / 68 \\ 3.7 Acceleration transformation; Hyperbolic motion / 70 \\ 3.8 Rigid motion and the uniformly accelerated rod / 71 \\ Exercises 3 / 73 \\ 4 Relativistic optics / 77 \\ 4.1 Introduction / 77 \\ 4.2 The drag effect / 77 \\ 4.3 The Doppler effect / 78 \\ 4.4 Aberration / 81 \\ 4.5 The visual appearance of moving objects / 82 \\ Exercises 4 / 85 \\ 5 Spacetime and four-vectors / 89 \\ 5.1 The discovery of Minkowski space / 89 \\ 5.2 Three-dimensional Minkowski diagrams / 90 \\ 5.3 Light cones and intervals / 91 \\ 5.4 Three-vectors / 94 \\ 5.5 Four-vectors / 97 \\ 5.6 The geometry of four-vectors / 101 \\ 5.7 Plane waves / 103 \\ Exercises 5 / 105 \\ 6 Relativistic particle mechanics / 108 \\ 6.1 Domain of sufficient validity of Newtonian mechanics / 108 \\ 6.2 The axioms of the new mechanics / 109 \\ 6.3 The equivalence of mass and energy / 111 \\ 6.4 Four-momentum identities / 114 \\ 6.5 Relativistic billiards / 115 \\ 6.6 The zero-momentum frame / 117 \\ 6.7 Threshold energies / 118 \\ 6.8 Light quanta and de Broglie waves / 119 \\ 6.9 The Compton effect / 121 \\ 6.10 Four-force and three-force / 123 \\ Exercises 6 / 126 \\ 7 Four-tensors; Electromagnetism in vacuum / 130 \\ 7.1 Tensors: Preliminary ideas and notations / 130 \\ 7.2 Tensors: Definition and properties / 132 \\ 7.3 Maxwell's equations in tensor form / 139 \\ 7.4 The four-potential / 143 \\ 7.5 Transformation of e and b; The dual field / 146 \\ 7.6 The field of a uniformly moving point charge / 148 \\ 7.7 The field of an infinite straight current / 150 \\ 7.8 The energy tensor of the electromagnetic field / 151 \\ 7.9 From the mechanics of the field to the mechanics of material continua / 154 \\ Exercises 7 / 157 \\ II General Relativity / 163 \\ 8 Curved spaces and the basic ideas of general relativity / 165 \\ 8.1 Curved surfaces / 165 \\ 8.2 Curved spaces of higher dimensions / 169 \\ 8.3 Riemannian spaces / 172 \\ 8.4 A plan for general relativity / 177 \\ Exercises 8 / 180 \\ 9 Static and stationary spacetimes / 183 \\ 9.1 The coordinate lattice / 183 \\ 9.2 Synchronization of clocks / 184 \\ 9.3 First standard form of the metric / 186 \\ 9.4 Newtonian support for the geodesic law of motion / 188 \\ 9.5 Symmetries and the geometric characterization of static and stationary spacetimes / 191 \\ 9.6 Canonical metric and relativistic potentials / 195 \\ 9.7 The uniformly rotating lattice in Minkowski space / 198 \\ Exercises 9 / 200 \\ 10 Geodesics, curvature tensor and vacuum field equations / 203 \\ 10.1 Tensors for general relativity / 203 \\ 10.2 Geodesics / 204 \\ 10.3 Geodesic coordinates / 208 \\ 10.4 Covariant and absolute differentiation / 210 \\ 10.5 The Riemann curvature tensor / 217 \\ 10.6 Einstein's vacuum field equations / 221 \\ Exercises 10 / 224 \\ 11 The Schwarzschild metric / 228 \\ 11.1 Derivation of the metric / 228 \\ 11.2 Properties of the metric / 230 \\ 11.3 The geometry of the Schwarzschild lattice / 231 \\ 11.4 Contributions of the spatial curvature to post-Newtonian effects / 233 \\ 11.5 Coordinates and measurements / 235 \\ 11.6 The gravitational frequency shift / 236 \\ 11.7 Isotropic metric and Shapiro time delay / 237 \\ 11.8 Particle orbits in Schwarzschild space / 238 \\ 11.9 The precession of Mercury's orbit / 241 \\ 11.10 Photon orbits / 245 \\ 11.11 Deflection of light by a spherical mass / 248 \\ 11.12 Gravitational lenses / 250 \\ 11.13 de Sitter precession via rotating coordinates / 252 \\ Exercises 11 / 254 \\ 12 Black holes and Kruskal space / 258 \\ 12.1 Schwarzschild black holes / 258 \\ 12.2 Potential energy; A general-relativistic `proof' of $E = m c^2$ / 263 \\ 12.3 The extendibility of Schwarzschild spacetime / 265 \\ 12.4 The uniformly accelerated lattice / 267 \\ 12.5 Kruskal space / 272 \\ 12.6 Black-hole thermodynamics and related topics / 279 \\ Exercises 12 / 281 \\ 13 An exact plane gravitational wave / 284 \\ 13.1 Introduction / 284 \\ 13.2 The plane-wave metric / 284 \\ 13.3 When wave meets dust / 287 \\ 13.4 Inertial coordinates behind the wave / 288 \\ 13.5 When wave meets light / 290 \\ 13.6 The Penrose topology / 291 \\ 13.7 Solving the field equation / 293 \\ Exercises 13 / 295 \\ 14 The full field equations; de Sitter space / 296 \\ 14.1 The laws of physics in curved spacetime / 296 \\ 14.2 At last, the full field equations / 299 \\ 14.3 The cosmological constant / 303 \\ 14.4 Modified Schwarzschild space / 304 \\ 14.5 de Sitter space / 306 \\ 14.6 Anti-de Sitter space / 312 \\ Exercises 14 / 314 \\ 15 Linearized general relativity / 318 \\ 15.1 The basic equations / 318 \\ 15.2 Gravitational waves; The TT gauge / 323 \\ 15.3 Some physics of plane waves / 325 \\ 15.4 Generation and detection of gravitational waves / 330 \\ 15.5 The electromagnetic analogy in linearized GR / 335 \\ Exercises 15 / 341 \\ III Cosmology / 345 \\ 16 Cosmological spacetimes / 347 \\ 16.1 The basic facts / 347 \\ 16.2 Beginning to construct the model / 358 \\ 16.3 Milne's model / 360 \\ 16.4 The Friedman--Robertson--Walker metric / 363 \\ 16.5 Robertson and Walker's theorem / 368 \\ Exercises 16 / 369 \\ 17 Light propagation in FRW universes / 373 \\ 17.1 Representation of FRW universes by subuniverses / 373 \\ 17.2 The cosmological frequency shift / 374 \\ 17.3 Cosmological horizons / 376 \\ 17.4 The apparent horizon / 382 \\ 17.5 Observables / 384 \\ Exercises 17 / 388 \\ 18 Dynamics of FRW universes / 391 \\ 18.1 Applying the field equations / 391 \\ 18.2 What the field equations tell us / 393 \\ 18.3 The Friedman models / 397 \\ 18.4 Once again, comparison with observation / 406 \\ 18.5 Inflation / 411 \\ 18.6 The anthropic principle / 415 \\ Exercises 18 / 416

entry:
@Book{Rindler:2006:RSG,
  author =       "Wolfgang Rindler",
  title =        "{Relativity}: special, general, and cosmological",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xv + 430",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-19-856732-4 (paperback), 0-19-856731-6 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-856732-5 (paperback), 978-0-19-856731-8
                 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QC173.55 .R563 2006",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 24 14:11:20 MST 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0725/2006277893-b.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0725/2006277893-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0611/2006277893.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "relativity (physics); cosmology",
  tableofcontents = "1 From absolute space and time to influenceable
                 spacetime: an overview / 3 \\
                 1.1 Definition of relativity / 3 \\
                 1.2 Newton's laws and inertial frames / 4 \\
                 1.3 The Galilean transformation / 5 \\
                 1.4 Newtonian relativity / 6 \\
                 1.5 Objections to absolute space; Mach's principle / 7
                 \\
                 1.6 The ether / 9 \\
                 1.7 Michelson and Morley's search for the ether / 9 \\
                 1.8 Lorentz's ether theory / 10 \\
                 1.9 Origins of special relativity / 12 \\
                 1.10 Further arguments for Einstein's two postulates /
                 14 \\
                 1.11 Cosmology and first doubts about inertial frames /
                 15 \\
                 1.12 Inertial and gravitational mass / 16 \\
                 1.13 Einstein's equivalence principle / 18 \\
                 1.14 Preview of general relativity / 20 \\
                 1.15 Caveats on the equivalence principle / 22 \\
                 1.16 Gravitational frequency shift and light bending /
                 24 \\
                 Exercises 1 / 27 \\
                 I Special Relativity / 31 \\
                 2 Foundations of special relativity; The Lorentz
                 transformation / 33 \\
                 2.1 On the nature of physical theories / 33 \\
                 2.2 Basic features of special relativity / 34 \\
                 2.3 Relativistic problem solving / 36 \\
                 2.4 Relativity of simultaneity, time dilation and
                 length contraction: a preview / 38 \\
                 2.5 The relativity principle and the homogeneity and
                 isotropy of inertial frames / 39 \\
                 2.6 The coordinate lattice; Definitions of simultaneity
                 / 41 \\
                 2.7 Derivation of the Lorentz transformation / 43 \\
                 2.8 Properties of the Lorentz transformation / 47 \\
                 2.9 Graphical representation of the Lorentz
                 transformation / 49 \\
                 2.10 The relativistic speed limit / 54 \\
                 2.11 Which transformations are allowed by the
                 relativity principle? / 57 \\
                 Exercises 2 / 58 \\
                 3 Relativistic kinematics / 61 \\
                 3.1 Introduction / 61 \\
                 3.2 World-picture and world-map / 61 \\
                 3.3 Length contraction / 62 \\
                 3.4 Length contraction paradox / 63 \\
                 3.5 Time dilation; The twin paradox / 64 \\
                 3.6 Velocity transformation; Relative and mutual
                 velocity / 68 \\
                 3.7 Acceleration transformation; Hyperbolic motion / 70
                 \\
                 3.8 Rigid motion and the uniformly accelerated rod / 71
                 \\
                 Exercises 3 / 73 \\
                 4 Relativistic optics / 77 \\
                 4.1 Introduction / 77 \\
                 4.2 The drag effect / 77 \\
                 4.3 The Doppler effect / 78 \\
                 4.4 Aberration / 81 \\
                 4.5 The visual appearance of moving objects / 82 \\
                 Exercises 4 / 85 \\
                 5 Spacetime and four-vectors / 89 \\
                 5.1 The discovery of Minkowski space / 89 \\
                 5.2 Three-dimensional Minkowski diagrams / 90 \\
                 5.3 Light cones and intervals / 91 \\
                 5.4 Three-vectors / 94 \\
                 5.5 Four-vectors / 97 \\
                 5.6 The geometry of four-vectors / 101 \\
                 5.7 Plane waves / 103 \\
                 Exercises 5 / 105 \\
                 6 Relativistic particle mechanics / 108 \\
                 6.1 Domain of sufficient validity of Newtonian
                 mechanics / 108 \\
                 6.2 The axioms of the new mechanics / 109 \\
                 6.3 The equivalence of mass and energy / 111 \\
                 6.4 Four-momentum identities / 114 \\
                 6.5 Relativistic billiards / 115 \\
                 6.6 The zero-momentum frame / 117 \\
                 6.7 Threshold energies / 118 \\
                 6.8 Light quanta and de Broglie waves / 119 \\
                 6.9 The Compton effect / 121 \\
                 6.10 Four-force and three-force / 123 \\
                 Exercises 6 / 126 \\
                 7 Four-tensors; Electromagnetism in vacuum / 130 \\
                 7.1 Tensors: Preliminary ideas and notations / 130 \\
                 7.2 Tensors: Definition and properties / 132 \\
                 7.3 Maxwell's equations in tensor form / 139 \\
                 7.4 The four-potential / 143 \\
                 7.5 Transformation of e and b; The dual field / 146 \\
                 7.6 The field of a uniformly moving point charge / 148
                 \\
                 7.7 The field of an infinite straight current / 150 \\
                 7.8 The energy tensor of the electromagnetic field /
                 151 \\
                 7.9 From the mechanics of the field to the mechanics of
                 material continua / 154 \\
                 Exercises 7 / 157 \\
                 II General Relativity / 163 \\
                 8 Curved spaces and the basic ideas of general
                 relativity / 165 \\
                 8.1 Curved surfaces / 165 \\
                 8.2 Curved spaces of higher dimensions / 169 \\
                 8.3 Riemannian spaces / 172 \\
                 8.4 A plan for general relativity / 177 \\
                 Exercises 8 / 180 \\
                 9 Static and stationary spacetimes / 183 \\
                 9.1 The coordinate lattice / 183 \\
                 9.2 Synchronization of clocks / 184 \\
                 9.3 First standard form of the metric / 186 \\
                 9.4 Newtonian support for the geodesic law of motion /
                 188 \\
                 9.5 Symmetries and the geometric characterization of
                 static and stationary spacetimes / 191 \\
                 9.6 Canonical metric and relativistic potentials / 195
                 \\
                 9.7 The uniformly rotating lattice in Minkowski space /
                 198 \\
                 Exercises 9 / 200 \\
                 10 Geodesics, curvature tensor and vacuum field
                 equations / 203 \\
                 10.1 Tensors for general relativity / 203 \\
                 10.2 Geodesics / 204 \\
                 10.3 Geodesic coordinates / 208 \\
                 10.4 Covariant and absolute differentiation / 210 \\
                 10.5 The Riemann curvature tensor / 217 \\
                 10.6 Einstein's vacuum field equations / 221 \\
                 Exercises 10 / 224 \\
                 11 The Schwarzschild metric / 228 \\
                 11.1 Derivation of the metric / 228 \\
                 11.2 Properties of the metric / 230 \\
                 11.3 The geometry of the Schwarzschild lattice / 231
                 \\
                 11.4 Contributions of the spatial curvature to
                 post-Newtonian effects / 233 \\
                 11.5 Coordinates and measurements / 235 \\
                 11.6 The gravitational frequency shift / 236 \\
                 11.7 Isotropic metric and Shapiro time delay / 237 \\
                 11.8 Particle orbits in Schwarzschild space / 238 \\
                 11.9 The precession of Mercury's orbit / 241 \\
                 11.10 Photon orbits / 245 \\
                 11.11 Deflection of light by a spherical mass / 248 \\
                 11.12 Gravitational lenses / 250 \\
                 11.13 de Sitter precession via rotating coordinates /
                 252 \\
                 Exercises 11 / 254 \\
                 12 Black holes and Kruskal space / 258 \\
                 12.1 Schwarzschild black holes / 258 \\
                 12.2 Potential energy; A general-relativistic `proof'
                 of $E = m c^2$ / 263 \\
                 12.3 The extendibility of Schwarzschild spacetime / 265
                 \\
                 12.4 The uniformly accelerated lattice / 267 \\
                 12.5 Kruskal space / 272 \\
                 12.6 Black-hole thermodynamics and related topics / 279
                 \\
                 Exercises 12 / 281 \\
                 13 An exact plane gravitational wave / 284 \\
                 13.1 Introduction / 284 \\
                 13.2 The plane-wave metric / 284 \\
                 13.3 When wave meets dust / 287 \\
                 13.4 Inertial coordinates behind the wave / 288 \\
                 13.5 When wave meets light / 290 \\
                 13.6 The Penrose topology / 291 \\
                 13.7 Solving the field equation / 293 \\
                 Exercises 13 / 295 \\
                 14 The full field equations; de Sitter space / 296 \\
                 14.1 The laws of physics in curved spacetime / 296 \\
                 14.2 At last, the full field equations / 299 \\
                 14.3 The cosmological constant / 303 \\
                 14.4 Modified Schwarzschild space / 304 \\
                 14.5 de Sitter space / 306 \\
                 14.6 Anti-de Sitter space / 312 \\
                 Exercises 14 / 314 \\
                 15 Linearized general relativity / 318 \\
                 15.1 The basic equations / 318 \\
                 15.2 Gravitational waves; The TT gauge / 323 \\
                 15.3 Some physics of plane waves / 325 \\
                 15.4 Generation and detection of gravitational waves /
                 330 \\
                 15.5 The electromagnetic analogy in linearized GR / 335
                 \\
                 Exercises 15 / 341 \\
                 III Cosmology / 345 \\
                 16 Cosmological spacetimes / 347 \\
                 16.1 The basic facts / 347 \\
                 16.2 Beginning to construct the model / 358 \\
                 16.3 Milne's model / 360 \\
                 16.4 The Friedman--Robertson--Walker metric / 363 \\
                 16.5 Robertson and Walker's theorem / 368 \\
                 Exercises 16 / 369 \\
                 17 Light propagation in FRW universes / 373 \\
                 17.1 Representation of FRW universes by subuniverses /
                 373 \\
                 17.2 The cosmological frequency shift / 374 \\
                 17.3 Cosmological horizons / 376 \\
                 17.4 The apparent horizon / 382 \\
                 17.5 Observables / 384 \\
                 Exercises 17 / 388 \\
                 18 Dynamics of FRW universes / 391 \\
                 18.1 Applying the field equations / 391 \\
                 18.2 What the field equations tell us / 393 \\
                 18.3 The Friedman models / 397 \\
                 18.4 Once again, comparison with observation / 406 \\
                 18.5 Inflation / 411 \\
                 18.6 The anthropic principle / 415 \\
                 Exercises 18 / 416",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Smolin:2006:TPR
author: Lee Smolin
title: The trouble with physics: the rise of string theory, the fall of a science, and what comes next
publisher: pub-HOUGHTON-MIFFLIN
address: pub-HOUGHTON-MIFFLIN:adr
pages: xxiii + 392
year: 2006
ISBN: 0-618-55105-0 OR 0618551050
ISBN13: 978-0-618-55105-7 OR 9780618551057
LCCN: QC6 .S6535 2006
bibdate: Mon Oct 9 10:31:44 MDT 2006
bibtimestamp: 2006.10.09 10:31:44 MDT
subject: physics; methodology; history; 20th century; string models
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Lee Smolin
rawtitle: The trouble with physics: the rise of string theory, the fall of a science, and what comes next
bibsource:
https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager

URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0634/2006007235-d.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0666/2006007235-s.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip069/2006007235.html

TOC:
Contents Introduction Part I: The Unfinished Revolution 1: The Five Great Problems in Theoretical Physics 2: The Beauty Myth 3: The World as Geometry 4: Unification Becomes a Science 5: From Unification to Super-Unification 6: Quantum Gravity Part II: A Brief History of String Theory 7: Preparing for a Revolution 8: The First Superstring Revolution 9: Revolution Number Two 10: A Theory of Anything 11: Experimental Evidence for String Theory? 12: What String Theory Explains Part III: Beyond String Theory 13: Surprises from the Real World 14: Building on Einstein 15: Physics After String Theory Part IV: Learning from Experience 16: You Can't Fight Sociology 17: What Is Science? 18: How Science Works 19: How Science Really Works 20: Saving Science Glossary Notes Index

rawTOC:
Contents \\ Introduction \\ Part I: The Unfinished Revolution \\ 1: The Five Great Problems in Theoretical Physics \\ 2: The Beauty Myth \\ 3: The World as Geometry \\ 4: Unification Becomes a Science \\ 5: From Unification to Super-Unification \\ 6: Quantum Gravity \\ Part II: A Brief History of String Theory \\ 7: Preparing for a Revolution \\ 8: The First Superstring Revolution \\ 9: Revolution Number Two \\ 10: A Theory of Anything \\ 11: Experimental Evidence for String Theory? \\ 12: What String Theory Explains \\ Part III: Beyond String Theory \\ 13: Surprises from the Real World \\ 14: Building on Einstein \\ 15: Physics After String Theory \\ Part IV: Learning from Experience \\ 16: You Can't Fight Sociology \\ 17: What Is Science? \\ 18: How Science Works \\ 19: How Science Really Works \\ 20: Saving Science \\ Glossary \\ Notes \\ Index

entry:
@Book{Smolin:2006:TPR,
  author =       "Lee Smolin",
  title =        "The trouble with physics: the rise of string theory,
                 the fall of a science, and what comes next",
  publisher =    pub-HOUGHTON-MIFFLIN,
  address =      pub-HOUGHTON-MIFFLIN:adr,
  pages =        "xxiii + 392",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-618-55105-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-618-55105-7",
  LCCN =         "QC6 .S6535 2006",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 9 10:31:44 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.bibsys.no:2100/BIBSYS;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0634/2006007235-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0666/2006007235-s.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip069/2006007235.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "physics; methodology; history; 20th century; string
                 models",
  tableofcontents = "Contents \\
                 Introduction \\
                 Part I: The Unfinished Revolution \\
                 1: The Five Great Problems in Theoretical Physics \\
                 2: The Beauty Myth \\
                 3: The World as Geometry \\
                 4: Unification Becomes a Science \\
                 5: From Unification to Super-Unification \\
                 6: Quantum Gravity \\
                 Part II: A Brief History of String Theory \\
                 7: Preparing for a Revolution \\
                 8: The First Superstring Revolution \\
                 9: Revolution Number Two \\
                 10: A Theory of Anything \\
                 11: Experimental Evidence for String Theory? \\
                 12: What String Theory Explains \\
                 Part III: Beyond String Theory \\
                 13: Surprises from the Real World \\
                 14: Building on Einstein \\
                 15: Physics After String Theory \\
                 Part IV: Learning from Experience \\
                 16: You Can't Fight Sociology \\
                 17: What Is Science? \\
                 18: How Science Works \\
                 19: How Science Really Works \\
                 20: Saving Science \\
                 Glossary \\
                 Notes \\
                 Index",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Woit:2006:EWF
author: Peter Woit
title: Not even wrong: the failure of string theory and the search for unity in physical law
publisher: pub-BASIC-BOOKS
address: pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr
pages: xix + 291
year: 2006
ISBN: 0-465-09275-6 OR 0465092756
ISBN13: 978-0-465-09275-8 OR 9780465092758
LCCN: QC794.6.S85 W65 2006
bibdate: Mon Oct 9 10:31:56 MDT 2006
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2006.10.09 10:31:56 MDT
note: See critical review cite Bergman:2006:BRE.
URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0613/2006013933.html
subject: string models; supersymmetry; quantum theory; superstring theories; physical laws
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Peter Woit
rawnote: See critical review \cite{Bergman:2006:BRE}.
rawtitle: Not even wrong: the failure of string theory and the search for unity in physical law
TOC:
Particle physics at the turn of the millennium The instruments of production Quantum theory Quantum field theory Gauge symmetry and Gauge theories The standard model Triumph of the standard model Problems of the standard model Beyond the standard model New insights in quantum field theory and mathematics String theory: history String theory and supersymmetry: an evaluation On beauty and difficulty Is superstring theory science? The Bogdanov affair The only game in town: the power and the glory of string theory The landscape of string theory Other points of view

rawTOC:
Particle physics at the turn of the millennium \\ The instruments of production \\ Quantum theory \\ Quantum field theory \\ Gauge symmetry and Gauge theories \\ The standard model \\ Triumph of the standard model \\ Problems of the standard model \\ Beyond the standard model \\ New insights in quantum field theory and mathematics \\ String theory: history \\ String theory and supersymmetry: an evaluation \\ On beauty and difficulty \\ Is superstring theory science? \\ The Bogdanov affair \\ The only game in town: the power and the glory of string theory \\ The landscape of string theory \\ Other points of view

entry:
@Book{Woit:2006:EWF,
  author =       "Peter Woit",
  title =        "Not even wrong: the failure of string theory and the
                 search for unity in physical law",
  publisher =    pub-BASIC-BOOKS,
  address =      pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr,
  pages =        "xix + 291",
  year =         "2006",
  ISBN =         "0-465-09275-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-465-09275-8",
  LCCN =         "QC794.6.S85 W65 2006",
  bibdate =      "Mon Oct 9 10:31:56 MDT 2006",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "See critical review \cite{Bergman:2006:BRE}.",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0613/2006013933.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "string models; supersymmetry; quantum theory;
                 superstring theories; physical laws",
  tableofcontents = "Particle physics at the turn of the millennium \\
                 The instruments of production \\
                 Quantum theory \\
                 Quantum field theory \\
                 Gauge symmetry and Gauge theories \\
                 The standard model \\
                 Triumph of the standard model \\
                 Problems of the standard model \\
                 Beyond the standard model \\
                 New insights in quantum field theory and mathematics
                 \\
                 String theory: history \\
                 String theory and supersymmetry: an evaluation \\
                 On beauty and difficulty \\
                 Is superstring theory science? \\
                 The Bogdanov affair \\
                 The only game in town: the power and the glory of
                 string theory \\
                 The landscape of string theory \\
                 Other points of view",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Berman:2007:IGR
author: Marcelo Samuel Berman
title: Introduction to General Relativity and the Cosmological Constant Problem
publisher: Nova Science Publishers
address: New York, NY, USA
pages: xiv + 213
year: 2007
ISBN: 1-59454-717-3 OR 1594547173
ISBN13: 978-1-59454-717-1 OR 9781594547171
LCCN: QC173.6 .B468 2007
bibdate: Tue Sep 23 14:08:26 MDT 2014
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2014.09.23 14:08:26 MDT
URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip066/2006000430.html
subject: General relativity (Physics); Cosmology
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Marcelo Samuel Berman
rawtitle: Introduction to {General Relativity} and the Cosmological Constant Problem
TOC:
Mathematical preliminaries Tensors in amorphous spaces Tensors in Riemann spaces Introduction to general relativity Basic theory Schwarzschild's metric and classical experimental tests Complements of tensor calculus and general relativity Introduction to relativistic cosmology Digression into philosophical and mathematical matters Robertson-Walker's metric Energy of the vacuum and the [lambda]-universe The [lambda] problem and its solution Energy of the universe and the [lambda]-problem Miscellaneous cosmological models Concluding remarks

rawTOC:
Mathematical preliminaries \\ Tensors in amorphous spaces \\ Tensors in Riemann spaces \\ Introduction to general relativity \\ Basic theory \\ Schwarzschild's metric and classical experimental tests \\ Complements of tensor calculus and general relativity \\ Introduction to relativistic cosmology \\ Digression into philosophical and mathematical matters \\ Robertson-Walker's metric \\ Energy of the vacuum and the [lambda]-universe \\ The [lambda] problem and its solution \\ Energy of the universe and the [lambda]-problem \\ Miscellaneous cosmological models \\ Concluding remarks

entry:
@Book{Berman:2007:IGR,
  author =       "Marcelo Samuel Berman",
  title =        "Introduction to {General Relativity} and the
                 Cosmological Constant Problem",
  publisher =    "Nova Science Publishers",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xiv + 213",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "1-59454-717-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59454-717-1",
  LCCN =         "QC173.6 .B468 2007",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 23 14:08:26 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip066/2006000430.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "General relativity (Physics); Cosmology",
  tableofcontents = "Mathematical preliminaries \\
                 Tensors in amorphous spaces \\
                 Tensors in Riemann spaces \\
                 Introduction to general relativity \\
                 Basic theory \\
                 Schwarzschild's metric and classical experimental tests
                 \\
                 Complements of tensor calculus and general relativity
                 \\
                 Introduction to relativistic cosmology \\
                 Digression into philosophical and mathematical matters
                 \\
                 Robertson-Walker's metric \\
                 Energy of the vacuum and the [lambda]-universe \\
                 The [lambda] problem and its solution \\
                 Energy of the universe and the [lambda]-problem \\
                 Miscellaneous cosmological models \\
                 Concluding remarks",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Kragh:2007:CCM
author: Helge Kragh
title: Conceptions of cosmos: from myths to the accelerating universe: a history of cosmology
publisher: pub-OXFORD
address: pub-OXFORD:adr
pages: 276
year: 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199209163.001.0001
ISBN: 0-19-920916-2 OR 0199209162
ISBN13: 978-0-19-920916-3 OR 9780199209163
LCCN: QB981 .K729 2007
bibdate: Thu Dec 15 06:38:42 MST 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.15 06:38:42 MST
subject: Cosmology; History
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Helge Kragh
rawtitle: Conceptions of cosmos: from myths to the accelerating universe: a history of cosmology
URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0723/2006027692-b.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0619/2006027692.html

abstract:
This book is a historical account of how natural philosophers and scientists have endeavoured to understand the universe at large, first in a mythical and later in a scientific context. Starting with the creation stories of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, the book covers all the major events in theoretical and observational cosmology, from Aristotle's cosmos over the Copernican revolution to the discovery of the accelerating universe in the late 1990s. It presents cosmology as a subject including scientific as well as non-scientific dimensions, and tells the story of how it developed into a true science of the heavens. Contrary to most other books in the history of cosmology, it offers an integrated account of the development with emphasis on the modern Einsteinian and post-Einsteinian period. Starting in the pre-literary era, it carries the story onwards to the early years of the 21st century.

TOC:
From myths to the Copernican universe The Newtonian era Foundations of modern cosmology The hot Big Bang New horizons

rawabstract:
This book is a historical account of how natural philosophers and scientists have endeavoured to understand the universe at large, first in a mythical and later in a scientific context. Starting with the creation stories of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, the book covers all the major events in theoretical and observational cosmology, from Aristotle's cosmos over the Copernican revolution to the discovery of the accelerating universe in the late 1990s. It presents cosmology as a subject including scientific as well as non-scientific dimensions, and tells the story of how it developed into a true science of the heavens. Contrary to most other books in the history of cosmology, it offers an integrated account of the development with emphasis on the modern Einsteinian and post-Einsteinian period. Starting in the pre-literary era, it carries the story onwards to the early years of the 21st century.

rawTOC:
From myths to the Copernican universe \\ The Newtonian era \\ Foundations of modern cosmology \\ The hot Big Bang \\ New horizons

entry:
@Book{Kragh:2007:CCM,
  author =       "Helge Kragh",
  title =        "Conceptions of cosmos: from myths to the accelerating
                 universe: a history of cosmology",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "276",
  year =         "2007",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199209163.001.0001",
  ISBN =         "0-19-920916-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-920916-3",
  LCCN =         "QB981 .K729 2007",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 15 06:38:42 MST 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0723/2006027692-b.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0619/2006027692.html",
  abstract =     "This book is a historical account of how natural
                 philosophers and scientists have endeavoured to
                 understand the universe at large, first in a mythical
                 and later in a scientific context. Starting with the
                 creation stories of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, the
                 book covers all the major events in theoretical and
                 observational cosmology, from Aristotle's cosmos over
                 the Copernican revolution to the discovery of the
                 accelerating universe in the late 1990s. It presents
                 cosmology as a subject including scientific as well as
                 non-scientific dimensions, and tells the story of how
                 it developed into a true science of the heavens.
                 Contrary to most other books in the history of
                 cosmology, it offers an integrated account of the
                 development with emphasis on the modern Einsteinian and
                 post-Einsteinian period. Starting in the pre-literary
                 era, it carries the story onwards to the early years of
                 the 21st century.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Cosmology; History",
  tableofcontents = "From myths to the Copernican universe \\
                 The Newtonian era \\
                 Foundations of modern cosmology \\
                 The hot Big Bang \\
                 New horizons",
}


bibtype: inbook
filename: einstein.bib
label: Schemmel:2007:CBC
author: Matthias Schemmel
title: The Continuity Between Classical and Relativistic Cosmology in the Work of Karl Schwarzschild
crossref: Renn:2007:GGR
volume: 250(3)
pages: 1081--1108
year: 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4000-9_16
bibdate: Mon Dec 12 09:53:14 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.12 09:53:14 ???
URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/v64669k31r250854/
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Matthias Schemmel
rawtitle: The Continuity Between Classical and Relativistic Cosmology in the Work of {Karl Schwarzschild}
entry:
@InBook{Schemmel:2007:CBC,
  author =       "Matthias Schemmel",
  title =        "The Continuity Between Classical and Relativistic
                 Cosmology in the Work of {Karl Schwarzschild}",
  crossref =     "Renn:2007:GGR",
  volume =       "250(3)",
  pages =        "1081--1108",
  year =         "2007",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4000-9_16",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 12 09:53:14 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/v64669k31r250854/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Alcubierre:2008:INR
author: Miguel Alcubierre
title: Introduction to $ 3 + 1 $ numerical relativity
publisher: pub-OXFORD
address: pub-OXFORD:adr
pages: xiv + 444
year: 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199205677.001.0001
ISBN: 0-19-920567-1 (hardcover) OR 0199205671 (hardcover)
ISBN13: 978-0-19-920567-7 (hardcover) OR 9780199205677 (hardcover)
LCCN: QC173.55 .A43 2008
bibdate: Fri Oct 7 08:50:24 MDT 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE
bibtimestamp: 2011.10.07 08:50:24 MDT
subject: Relativity (Physics); Space and time; Mathematics
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Miguel Alcubierre
rawtitle: Introduction to $ 3 + 1 $ numerical relativity
abstract:
Starting from basic general relativity, this book introduces all the concepts and tools necessary for the fully relativistic simulation of astrophysical systems with strong and dynamical gravitational fields.

TOC:
1: Brief review of general relativity 2: The $3 + 1$ formalism 3: Initial data 4: Gauge conditions 5: Hyperbolic reductions of the field equations 6: Evolving black hole spacetimes 7: Relativistic hydrodynamics 8: Gravitational wave extraction 9: Numerical methods 10: Examples of numerical spacetimes A: Total mass and momentum in general relativity B: Spacetime Christoffel symbols in $3 + 1$ language C: BSSNOK with natural conformal rescaling D: Spin-weighted spherical harmonics References Index

rawabstract:
Starting from basic general relativity, this book introduces all the concepts and tools necessary for the fully relativistic simulation of astrophysical systems with strong and dynamical gravitational fields.

rawTOC:
1: Brief review of general relativity \\ 2: The $3 + 1$ formalism \\ 3: Initial data \\ 4: Gauge conditions \\ 5: Hyperbolic reductions of the field equations \\ 6: Evolving black hole spacetimes \\ 7: Relativistic hydrodynamics \\ 8: Gravitational wave extraction \\ 9: Numerical methods \\ 10: Examples of numerical spacetimes \\ A: Total mass and momentum in general relativity \\ B: Spacetime Christoffel symbols in $3 + 1$ language \\ C: BSSNOK with natural conformal rescaling \\ D: Spin-weighted spherical harmonics \\ References \\ Index

entry:
@Book{Alcubierre:2008:INR,
  author =       "Miguel Alcubierre",
  title =        "Introduction to $ 3 + 1 $ numerical relativity",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xiv + 444",
  year =         "2008",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199205677.001.0001",
  ISBN =         "0-19-920567-1 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-920567-7 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QC173.55 .A43 2008",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 7 08:50:24 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE",
  abstract =     "Starting from basic general relativity, this book
                 introduces all the concepts and tools necessary for the
                 fully relativistic simulation of astrophysical systems
                 with strong and dynamical gravitational fields.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Relativity (Physics); Space and time; Mathematics",
  tableofcontents = "1: Brief review of general relativity \\
                 2: The $3 + 1$ formalism \\
                 3: Initial data \\
                 4: Gauge conditions \\
                 5: Hyperbolic reductions of the field equations \\
                 6: Evolving black hole spacetimes \\
                 7: Relativistic hydrodynamics \\
                 8: Gravitational wave extraction \\
                 9: Numerical methods \\
                 10: Examples of numerical spacetimes \\
                 A: Total mass and momentum in general relativity \\
                 B: Spacetime Christoffel symbols in $3 + 1$ language
                 \\
                 C: BSSNOK with natural conformal rescaling \\
                 D: Spin-weighted spherical harmonics \\
                 References \\
                 Index",
}


bibtype: article
filename: einstein.bib
label: Buchert:2008:DES
author: Thomas Buchert
title: Dark Energy from structure: a status report
journal: j-GEN-RELATIVITY-GRAV
volume: 40
number: 2--3
pages: 467--527
year: 2008
CODEN: GRGVA8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-007-0554-8
ISSN: 0001-7701 (print), 1572-9532 (electronic) OR 00017701 (print), 15729532 (electronic)
ISSNL: 0001-7701 OR 00017701
bibdate: Mon Dec 12 10:54:04 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.12 10:54:04 ???
URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/d3531254w7276862/
fjournal: General Relativity and Gravitation
remark: From the issue entitled ``Special issue on dark energy''.
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Thomas Buchert
rawtitle: {Dark Energy} from structure: a status report
entry:
@Article{Buchert:2008:DES,
  author =       "Thomas Buchert",
  title =        "{Dark Energy} from structure: a status report",
  journal =      j-GEN-RELATIVITY-GRAV,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "2--3",
  pages =        "467--527",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "GRGVA8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-007-0554-8",
  ISSN =         "0001-7701 (print), 1572-9532 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-7701",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 12 10:54:04 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/d3531254w7276862/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "General Relativity and Gravitation",
  remark =       "From the issue entitled ``Special issue on dark
                 energy''.",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Chow:2008:GBH
author: Tai L. Chow
publisher: pub-SV
address: pub-SV:adr
pages: xv + 280
year: 2008
ISBN: 0-387-73629-8, 0-387-73631-X (e-book) OR 0387736298, 038773631X (ebook)
ISBN13: 978-0-387-73629-7, 978-0-387-73631-0 (e-book) OR 9780387736297, 9780387736310 (ebook)
LCCN: QC178 .C29 2008
bibdate: Tue May 5 07:56:21 MDT 2015
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2015.05.05 07:56:21 MDT
URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0802/2007936678.html
subject: Gravitation; General relativity (Physics); Black holes (Astronomy); Quantum field theory; Cosmology
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Tai L. Chow
title:
Gravity, black holes, and the very early universe: an introduction to general relativity and cosmology

TOC:
Basic ideas of general relativity Curvilinear coordinates and general tensors Einstein's law of gravitation The Schwarzschild solution Experimental tests of Einstein's theory The physics of black holes Introduction to cosmology Big bang models Particles, forces, and unification of forces The inflationary universe The physics of the very early universe Classical mechanics The special theory of relativity

rawtitle:
Gravity, black holes, and the very early universe: an introduction to general relativity and cosmology

rawTOC:
Basic ideas of general relativity \\ Curvilinear coordinates and general tensors \\ Einstein's law of gravitation \\ The Schwarzschild solution \\ Experimental tests of Einstein's theory \\ The physics of black holes \\ Introduction to cosmology \\ Big bang models \\ Particles, forces, and unification of forces \\ The inflationary universe \\ The physics of the very early universe \\ Classical mechanics \\ The special theory of relativity

entry:
@Book{Chow:2008:GBH,
  author =       "Tai L. Chow",
  title =        "Gravity, black holes, and the very early universe: an
                 introduction to general relativity and cosmology",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xv + 280",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "0-387-73629-8, 0-387-73631-X (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-387-73629-7, 978-0-387-73631-0 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QC178 .C29 2008",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 5 07:56:21 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0802/2007936678.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Gravitation; General relativity (Physics); Black holes
                 (Astronomy); Quantum field theory; Cosmology",
  tableofcontents = "Basic ideas of general relativity \\
                 Curvilinear coordinates and general tensors \\
                 Einstein's law of gravitation \\
                 The Schwarzschild solution \\
                 Experimental tests of Einstein's theory \\
                 The physics of black holes \\
                 Introduction to cosmology \\
                 Big bang models \\
                 Particles, forces, and unification of forces \\
                 The inflationary universe \\
                 The physics of the very early universe \\
                 Classical mechanics \\
                 The special theory of relativity",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Hawking:2008:LSS
author: S. W. (Stephen W.) Hawking and George Francis Rayner Ellis
title: The large scale structure of space--time
publisher: pub-CAMBRIDGE
address: pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr
pages: xi + 391
year: 2008
ISBN: 0-521-09906-4 (paperback) OR 0521099064 (paperback)
ISBN13: 978-0-521-09906-6 (paperback) OR 9780521099066 (paperback)
LCCN: QC173.59.S65 H38 2008
bibdate: Wed Aug 12 18:16:31 MDT 2009
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90
bibtimestamp: 2009.08.12 18:16:31 MDT
subject: space and time; astrophysics
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: S. W. (Stephen W.) Hawking and George Francis Rayner Ellis
rawtitle: The large scale structure of space--time
TOC:
Preface The role of gravity Differential geometry General relativity The physical significance of curvature Exact solutions Causal structure The Cauchy problem in general relativity Space--time singularities Gravitational collapse and black holes The initial singularity in the universe Appendix A Appendix B References Notation Index

rawTOC:
Preface \\ The role of gravity \\ Differential geometry \\ General relativity \\ The physical significance of curvature \\ Exact solutions \\ Causal structure \\ The Cauchy problem in general relativity \\ Space--time singularities \\ Gravitational collapse and black holes \\ The initial singularity in the universe \\ Appendix A \\ Appendix B \\ References \\ Notation \\ Index

entry:
@Book{Hawking:2008:LSS,
  author =       "S. W. (Stephen W.) Hawking and George Francis Rayner
                 Ellis",
  title =        "The large scale structure of space--time",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 391",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "0-521-09906-4 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-09906-6 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC173.59.S65 H38 2008",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 12 18:16:31 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "space and time; astrophysics",
  tableofcontents = "Preface \\
                 The role of gravity \\
                 Differential geometry \\
                 General relativity \\
                 The physical significance of curvature \\
                 Exact solutions \\
                 Causal structure \\
                 The Cauchy problem in general relativity \\
                 Space--time singularities \\
                 Gravitational collapse and black holes \\
                 The initial singularity in the universe \\
                 Appendix A \\
                 Appendix B \\
                 References \\
                 Notation \\
                 Index",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Moffat:2008:RGP
author: John W. Moffat
title: Reinventing gravity: a physicist goes beyond Einstein
publisher: Smithsonian Books/Collins
address: New York, NY, USA
pages: xiv + 272
year: 2008
ISBN: 0-06-117088-7 OR 0061170887
ISBN13: 978-0-06-117088-1 OR 9780061170881
LCCN: QC178 .M64 2008
bibdate: Mon Aug 10 17:39:51 MDT 2009
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2009.08.10 17:39:51 MDT
subject: Quantum gravity; astrophysics; General Relativity (physics)
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: John W. Moffat
rawtitle: Reinventing gravity: a physicist goes beyond {Einstein}
TOC:
Introduction: A new gravity theory Prologue: The elusive planet Vulcan, a parable Discovering and reinventing gravity The Greeks to Newton Einstein The standard model of gravity The beginnings of modern cosmology Dark matter Conventional black holes Updating the standard model Inflation and variable speed of light (VSL) New cosmological data Searching for a new gravity theory Strings and quantum gravity Other alternative gravity theories Modified gravity (MOG) Envisioning and testing the MOG universe The pioneer anomaly MOG as a predictive theory Cosmology without dark matter Do black holes exist in nature? Dark energy and the accelerating universe The eternal universe

rawTOC:
Introduction: A new gravity theory \\ Prologue: The elusive planet Vulcan, a parable \\ Discovering and reinventing gravity \\ The Greeks to Newton \\ Einstein \\ The standard model of gravity \\ The beginnings of modern cosmology \\ Dark matter \\ Conventional black holes \\ Updating the standard model \\ Inflation and variable speed of light (VSL) \\ New cosmological data \\ Searching for a new gravity theory \\ Strings and quantum gravity \\ Other alternative gravity theories \\ Modified gravity (MOG) \\ Envisioning and testing the MOG universe \\ The pioneer anomaly \\ MOG as a predictive theory \\ Cosmology without dark matter \\ Do black holes exist in nature? \\ Dark energy and the accelerating universe \\ The eternal universe

entry:
@Book{Moffat:2008:RGP,
  author =       "John W. Moffat",
  title =        "Reinventing gravity: a physicist goes beyond
                 {Einstein}",
  publisher =    "Smithsonian Books/Collins",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xiv + 272",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "0-06-117088-7",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-06-117088-1",
  LCCN =         "QC178 .M64 2008",
  bibdate =      "Mon Aug 10 17:39:51 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Quantum gravity; astrophysics; General Relativity
                 (physics)",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction: A new gravity theory \\
                 Prologue: The elusive planet Vulcan, a parable \\
                 Discovering and reinventing gravity \\
                 The Greeks to Newton \\
                 Einstein \\
                 The standard model of gravity \\
                 The beginnings of modern cosmology \\
                 Dark matter \\
                 Conventional black holes \\
                 Updating the standard model \\
                 Inflation and variable speed of light (VSL) \\
                 New cosmological data \\
                 Searching for a new gravity theory \\
                 Strings and quantum gravity \\
                 Other alternative gravity theories \\
                 Modified gravity (MOG) \\
                 Envisioning and testing the MOG universe \\
                 The pioneer anomaly \\
                 MOG as a predictive theory \\
                 Cosmology without dark matter \\
                 Do black holes exist in nature? \\
                 Dark energy and the accelerating universe \\
                 The eternal universe",
}


bibtype: article
filename: einstein.bib
label: Sarkar:2008:EDE
author: Subir Sarkar
title: Is the evidence for dark energy secure?
journal: j-GEN-RELATIVITY-GRAV
volume: 40
number: 2--3
pages: 269--284
year: 2008
CODEN: GRGVA8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-007-0547-7
ISSN: 0001-7701 (print), 1572-9532 (electronic) OR 00017701 (print), 15729532 (electronic)
ISSNL: 0001-7701 OR 00017701
bibdate: Mon Dec 12 10:42:47 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.12 10:42:47 ???
URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/c712v10751434048/
fjournal: General Relativity and Gravitation
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Subir Sarkar
rawtitle: Is the evidence for dark energy secure?
remark:
From the issue entitled ``Special issue on dark energy''. The article concludes with this: ``It would be fitting if the cosmological constant which Einstein allegedly called his `biggest blunder' proves to be the catalyst for triggering a new revolution in physics in this century.''

entry:
@Article{Sarkar:2008:EDE,
  author =       "Subir Sarkar",
  title =        "Is the evidence for dark energy secure?",
  journal =      j-GEN-RELATIVITY-GRAV,
  volume =       "40",
  number =       "2--3",
  pages =        "269--284",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2008",
  CODEN =        "GRGVA8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-007-0547-7",
  ISSN =         "0001-7701 (print), 1572-9532 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-7701",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 12 10:42:47 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/c712v10751434048/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "General Relativity and Gravitation",
  remark =       "From the issue entitled ``Special issue on dark
                 energy''. The article concludes with this: ``It would
                 be fitting if the cosmological constant which Einstein
                 allegedly called his `biggest blunder' proves to be the
                 catalyst for triggering a new revolution in physics in
                 this century.''",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Stannard:2008:RVS
author: Russell Stannard
title: Relativity: a very short introduction
volume: 190
publisher: pub-OXFORD
address: pub-OXFORD:adr
pages: 114
year: 2008
ISBN: 0-19-923622-4 (paperback) OR 0199236224 (paperback)
ISBN13: 978-0-19-923622-0 (paperback) OR 9780199236220 (paperback)
LCCN: QC173.55 .S73 2008
bibdate: Tue Dec 9 14:46:58 MST 2008
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2008.12.09 14:46:58 MST
series: Very short introductions
subject: Relativity (Physics); Relativitatstheorie.; Relativitatstheorie.; Relativity (Physics)
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Russell Stannard
rawtitle: {Relativity}: a very short introduction
abstract:
If you move at high speed, time slows down, space squashes up and you get heavier. Travel fast enough and you could weigh as much as a jumbo jet, be flattened thinner than a CD without feeling a thing --- and live forever! As for the angles of a triangle, they do not always have to add up to 180 degrees. And then, of course, there are black holes. These are but a few of the extraordinary consequences of Einstein's theory of relativity. It is now over a hundred years since he made these discoveries, and yet the general public is still largely unaware of them. Filled with illuminating anecdotes and fascinating accounts of experiments, this book aims to introduce the interested lay person to the subject of relativity in a way which is accessible and engaging and at the same time scientifically rigorous. With relatively few mathematical equations nothing more complicated than the Pythagoras's Theorem this VSI packs a lot time into very little space, and for anyone who has felt intimidated by Einstein's groundbreaking theory, it offers the perfect place to start.

TOC:
Special relativity The principle of relativity and the speed of light Time dilation The twin paradox Length contraction Loss of simultaneity Space--time diagrams Four-dimensional spacetime The ultimate speed $E = m c^2$ General relativity The equivalence principle The effects on time of acceleration and gravity The twin paradox revisited The bending of light Curved space Black holes Gravitational waves The universe

rawabstract:
If you move at high speed, time slows down, space squashes up and you get heavier. Travel fast enough and you could weigh as much as a jumbo jet, be flattened thinner than a CD without feeling a thing --- and live forever! As for the angles of a triangle, they do not always have to add up to 180 degrees. And then, of course, there are black holes. These are but a few of the extraordinary consequences of Einstein's theory of relativity. It is now over a hundred years since he made these discoveries, and yet the general public is still largely unaware of them. Filled with illuminating anecdotes and fascinating accounts of experiments, this book aims to introduce the interested lay person to the subject of relativity in a way which is accessible and engaging and at the same time scientifically rigorous. With relatively few mathematical equations nothing more complicated than the Pythagoras's Theorem this VSI packs a lot time into very little space, and for anyone who has felt intimidated by Einstein's groundbreaking theory, it offers the perfect place to start.

rawTOC:
Special relativity \\ The principle of relativity and the speed of light \\ Time dilation \\ The twin paradox \\ Length contraction \\ Loss of simultaneity \\ Space--time diagrams \\ Four-dimensional spacetime \\ The ultimate speed \\ $E = m c^2$ \\ General relativity \\ The equivalence principle \\ The effects on time of acceleration and gravity \\ The twin paradox revisited \\ The bending of light \\ Curved space \\ Black holes \\ Gravitational waves \\ The universe

entry:
@Book{Stannard:2008:RVS,
  author =       "Russell Stannard",
  title =        "{Relativity}: a very short introduction",
  volume =       "190",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "114",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "0-19-923622-4 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-923622-0 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC173.55 .S73 2008",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 9 14:46:58 MST 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Very short introductions",
  abstract =     "If you move at high speed, time slows down, space
                 squashes up and you get heavier. Travel fast enough and
                 you could weigh as much as a jumbo jet, be flattened
                 thinner than a CD without feeling a thing --- and live
                 forever! As for the angles of a triangle, they do not
                 always have to add up to 180 degrees. And then, of
                 course, there are black holes. These are but a few of
                 the extraordinary consequences of Einstein's theory of
                 relativity. It is now over a hundred years since he
                 made these discoveries, and yet the general public is
                 still largely unaware of them. Filled with illuminating
                 anecdotes and fascinating accounts of experiments, this
                 book aims to introduce the interested lay person to the
                 subject of relativity in a way which is accessible and
                 engaging and at the same time scientifically rigorous.
                 With relatively few mathematical equations nothing more
                 complicated than the Pythagoras's Theorem this VSI
                 packs a lot time into very little space, and for anyone
                 who has felt intimidated by Einstein's groundbreaking
                 theory, it offers the perfect place to start.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Relativity (Physics); Relativit{\"a}tstheorie.;
                 Relativit{\"a}tstheorie.; Relativity (Physics)",
  tableofcontents = "Special relativity \\
                 The principle of relativity and the speed of light \\
                 Time dilation \\
                 The twin paradox \\
                 Length contraction \\
                 Loss of simultaneity \\
                 Space--time diagrams \\
                 Four-dimensional spacetime \\
                 The ultimate speed \\
                 $E = m c^2$ \\
                 General relativity \\
                 The equivalence principle \\
                 The effects on time of acceleration and gravity \\
                 The twin paradox revisited \\
                 The bending of light \\
                 Curved space \\
                 Black holes \\
                 Gravitational waves \\
                 The universe",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Weinberg:2008:C
author: Steven Weinberg
title: Cosmology
publisher: pub-OXFORD
address: pub-OXFORD:adr
pages: xvii + 593
year: 2008
ISBN: 0-19-852682-2 OR 0198526822
ISBN13: 978-0-19-852682-7 OR 9780198526827
LCCN: QB981 .W475 2008
bibdate: Wed Aug 12 18:14:55 MDT 2009
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2009.08.12 18:14:55 MDT
subject: Cosmology
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Steven Weinberg
rawtitle: Cosmology
URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0907/2007049371-b.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0907/2007049371-d.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0907/2007049371-t.html

abstract:
This is a uniquely comprehensive and detailed treatment of the theoretical and observational foundations of modern cosmology, by a Nobel Laureate in Physics. It gives up-to-date and self contained accounts of the theories and observations that have made the past few decades a golden age of cosmology.

TOC:
1. Expansion of the Universe 2. Cosmic Microwave Radiation Background 3. Early Universe 4. Inflation 5. General Theory of Small Fluctuations 6. Evolution of Cosmological Fluctuations 7. Anisotropies in the Microwave Sky 8. Growth of Structure 9. Gravitational Lenses 10. Inflation as the Origin of Cosmological Fluctuations A. Some Useful Numbers B. Review of General Relativity C. Energy Transfer between Radiation and Electrons D. Ergodic Theorem E. Gaussian Distributions F. Newtonian Cosmology G. Photon Polarization H. Relativistic Boltzmann Equation

rawabstract:
This is a uniquely comprehensive and detailed treatment of the theoretical and observational foundations of modern cosmology, by a Nobel Laureate in Physics. It gives up-to-date and self contained accounts of the theories and observations that have made the past few decades a golden age of cosmology.

rawTOC:
1. Expansion of the Universe \\ 2. Cosmic Microwave Radiation Background \\ 3. Early Universe \\ 4. Inflation \\ 5. General Theory of Small Fluctuations \\ 6. Evolution of Cosmological Fluctuations \\ 7. Anisotropies in the Microwave Sky \\ 8. Growth of Structure \\ 9. Gravitational Lenses \\ 10. Inflation as the Origin of Cosmological Fluctuations \\ A. Some Useful Numbers \\ B. Review of General Relativity \\ C. Energy Transfer between Radiation and Electrons \\ D. Ergodic Theorem \\ E. Gaussian Distributions \\ F. Newtonian Cosmology \\ G. Photon Polarization \\ H. Relativistic Boltzmann Equation

entry:
@Book{Weinberg:2008:C,
  author =       "Steven Weinberg",
  title =        "Cosmology",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xvii + 593",
  year =         "2008",
  ISBN =         "0-19-852682-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-852682-7",
  LCCN =         "QB981 .W475 2008",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 12 18:14:55 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0907/2007049371-b.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0907/2007049371-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0907/2007049371-t.html",
  abstract =     "This is a uniquely comprehensive and detailed
                 treatment of the theoretical and observational
                 foundations of modern cosmology, by a Nobel Laureate in
                 Physics. It gives up-to-date and self contained
                 accounts of the theories and observations that have
                 made the past few decades a golden age of cosmology.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Cosmology",
  tableofcontents = "1. Expansion of the Universe \\
                 2. Cosmic Microwave Radiation Background \\
                 3. Early Universe \\
                 4. Inflation \\
                 5. General Theory of Small Fluctuations \\
                 6. Evolution of Cosmological Fluctuations \\
                 7. Anisotropies in the Microwave Sky \\
                 8. Growth of Structure \\
                 9. Gravitational Lenses \\
                 10. Inflation as the Origin of Cosmological
                 Fluctuations \\
                 A. Some Useful Numbers \\
                 B. Review of General Relativity \\
                 C. Energy Transfer between Radiation and Electrons \\
                 D. Ergodic Theorem \\
                 E. Gaussian Distributions \\
                 F. Newtonian Cosmology \\
                 G. Photon Polarization \\
                 H. Relativistic Boltzmann Equation",
}


bibtype: incollection
filename: einstein.bib
label: Bartelmann:2009:FCO
title: Fundamental Cosmological Observations and Data Interpretation
crossref: DOnofrio:2009:QMC
chapter: 2
pages: 7--201
year: 2009
bibdate: Mon Dec 12 10:49:57 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.12 10:49:57 ???
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawtitle: Fundamental Cosmological Observations and Data Interpretation
author:
Matthias Bartelmann and Charles L. Bennett and Carlo Burigana and Cesare Chiosi and Mauro D'Onofrio and Alan Dressler and Isabella Gioia and Gunther Hasinger and Juan Francisco Macias-Perez and Piero Madau and Paola Marziani and John Mather and Francesca Matteucci and Keith Olive and John Peacock and Wolfgang Reich and Pierre-Marie Robitaille and Michael Rowan-Robinson and Gart Steigman and Matthias Steinmetz and Jack W. Sulentic and Massimo Turatto and Simon D. M. White

rawauthor:
Matthias Bartelmann and Charles L. Bennett and Carlo Burigana and Cesare Chiosi and Mauro D'Onofrio and Alan Dressler and Isabella Gioia and G{\"u}nther Hasinger and Juan Francisco Macias-Perez and Piero Madau and Paola Marziani and John Mather and Francesca Matteucci and Keith Olive and John Peacock and Wolfgang Reich and Pierre-Marie Robitaille and Michael Rowan-Robinson and Gart Steigman and Matthias Steinmetz and Jack W. Sulentic and Massimo Turatto and Simon D. M. White

entry:
@InCollection{Bartelmann:2009:FCO,
  author =       "Matthias Bartelmann and Charles L. Bennett and Carlo
                 Burigana and Cesare Chiosi and Mauro D'Onofrio and Alan
                 Dressler and Isabella Gioia and G{\"u}nther Hasinger
                 and Juan Francisco Macias-Perez and Piero Madau and
                 Paola Marziani and John Mather and Francesca Matteucci
                 and Keith Olive and John Peacock and Wolfgang Reich and
                 Pierre-Marie Robitaille and Michael Rowan-Robinson and
                 Gart Steigman and Matthias Steinmetz and Jack W.
                 Sulentic and Massimo Turatto and Simon D. M. White",
  title =        "Fundamental Cosmological Observations and Data
                 Interpretation",
  crossref =     "DOnofrio:2009:QMC",
  chapter =      "2",
  pages =        "7--201",
  year =         "2009",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 12 10:49:57 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Bona:2009:ENR
author: Carles Bona and C. (Carles) Bona-Casas and Carlos Palenzuela-Luque
volume: 783
publisher: pub-SV
address: pub-SV:adr
edition: Second
pages: xiv + 214
year: 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01164-1
ISBN: 3-642-01163-2, 3-642-01164-0 (e-book) OR 3642011632, 3642011640 (ebook)
ISBN13: 978-3-642-01163-4, 978-3-642-01164-1 (e-book) OR 9783642011634, 9783642011641 (ebook)
ISSN: 0075-8450 (print), 1616-6361 (electronic) OR 00758450 (print), 16166361 (electronic)
LCCN: QC6 .B663 2009
bibdate: Fri Oct 7 08:50:24 MDT 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE
bibtimestamp: 2011.10.07 08:50:24 MDT
series: Lecture notes in physics
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Carles Bona and C. (Carles) Bona-Casas and Carlos Palenzuela-Luque
title:
Elements of Numerical Relativity and Relativistic Hydrodynamics: from Einstein's Equations to Astrophysical Simulations

abstract:
Many large-scale projects for detecting gravitational radiation are currently being developed, all with the aim of opening a new window onto the observable Universe. As a result, numerical relativity has recently become a major field of research, and booktitle Elements of Numerical Relativity and Relativistic Hydrodynamics is a valuable primer for both graduate students and non-specialist researchers wishing to enter the field. A revised and significantly enlarged edition of LNP 673 booktitle Elements of Numerical Relativity, this book starts with the most basic insights and aspects of numerical relativity before it develops coherent guidelines for the reliable and convenient selection of each of the following key aspects: evolution formalism; gauge, initial, and boundary conditions; and various numerical algorithms. And in addition to many revisions, it includes new, convenient damping terms for numerical implementations, a presentation of the recently-developed harmonic formalism, and an extensive, new chapter on matter space--times, containing a thorough introduction to relativistic hydrodynamics. While proper reference is given to advanced applications requiring large computational resources, most tests and applications in this book can be performed on a standard PC.

subject:
Relativity (Physics); Space and time; Mathematics; Evolution equations; Numerical solutions; Einstein field equations

TOC:
1: The 4D Spacetime 1.1: Spacetime geometry 1.2: General covariant field equations 1.3: Einstein's equations solutions 1.4 Harmonic formalism 2: The Evolution Formalism 2.1: Space plus time decomposition 2.2: Einstein's equations decomposition 2.3: The evolution system 2.4: Gravitational waves degrees of freedom 3: Free Evolution 3.1: The free evolution framework 3.2: Robust stability test-bed 3.3: Pseudo-hyperbolic systems 3.4: Covariant formulations 3.5: The Z4 evolution system 4: First-Order Hyperbolic Systems 4.1: First-order versions of second-order systems 4.2: Hyperbolic systems 4.3: Generic space coordinates 4.4: Boundary conditions 5: Numerical Methods 5.1: Finite difference methods 5.2: Finite volume methods 5.3: Simple CFD tests 6: Black Hole Simulations 6.1: Black Hole initial data 6.2: Dynamical time slicing 6.3: Numerical Black Hole milestones 7: Matter Spacetimes 7.1: Scalar fields 7.2: Electromagnetic fields 7.3: Hydrodynamics 7.4: Magnetohydrodynamics 7.5: Further developments Index

rawabstract:
Many large-scale projects for detecting gravitational radiation are currently being developed, all with the aim of opening a new window onto the observable Universe. As a result, numerical relativity has recently become a major field of research, and \booktitle{Elements of Numerical Relativity and Relativistic Hydrodynamics} is a valuable primer for both graduate students and non-specialist researchers wishing to enter the field. A revised and significantly enlarged edition of LNP 673 \booktitle{Elements of Numerical Relativity}, this book starts with the most basic insights and aspects of numerical relativity before it develops coherent guidelines for the reliable and convenient selection of each of the following key aspects: evolution formalism; gauge, initial, and boundary conditions; and various numerical algorithms. And in addition to many revisions, it includes new, convenient damping terms for numerical implementations, a presentation of the recently-developed harmonic formalism, and an extensive, new chapter on matter space--times, containing a thorough introduction to relativistic hydrodynamics. While proper reference is given to advanced applications requiring large computational resources, most tests and applications in this book can be performed on a standard PC.

rawtitle:
Elements of Numerical Relativity and Relativistic Hydrodynamics: from {Einstein}'s Equations to Astrophysical Simulations

rawTOC:
1: The 4D Spacetime \\ 1.1: Spacetime geometry \\ 1.2: General covariant field equations \\ 1.3: Einstein's equations solutions \\ 1.4 Harmonic formalism \\ \\ 2: The Evolution Formalism \\ 2.1: Space plus time decomposition \\ 2.2: Einstein's equations decomposition \\ 2.3: The evolution system \\ 2.4: Gravitational waves degrees of freedom \\ \\ 3: Free Evolution \\ 3.1: The free evolution framework \\ 3.2: Robust stability test-bed \\ 3.3: Pseudo-hyperbolic systems \\ 3.4: Covariant formulations \\ 3.5: The Z4 evolution system \\ \\ 4: First-Order Hyperbolic Systems \\ 4.1: First-order versions of second-order systems \\ 4.2: Hyperbolic systems \\ 4.3: Generic space coordinates \\ 4.4: Boundary conditions \\ \\ 5: Numerical Methods \\ 5.1: Finite difference methods \\ 5.2: Finite volume methods \\ 5.3: Simple CFD tests \\ \\ 6: Black Hole Simulations \\ 6.1: Black Hole initial data \\ 6.2: Dynamical time slicing \\ 6.3: Numerical Black Hole milestones \\ \\ 7: Matter Spacetimes \\ 7.1: Scalar fields \\ 7.2: Electromagnetic fields \\ 7.3: Hydrodynamics \\ 7.4: Magnetohydrodynamics \\ 7.5: Further developments \\ Index

entry:
@Book{Bona:2009:ENR,
  author =       "Carles Bona and C. (Carles) Bona-Casas and Carlos
                 Palenzuela-Luque",
  title =        "Elements of Numerical Relativity and Relativistic
                 Hydrodynamics: from {Einstein}'s Equations to
                 Astrophysical Simulations",
  volume =       "783",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xiv + 214",
  year =         "2009",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01164-1",
  ISBN =         "3-642-01163-2, 3-642-01164-0 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-642-01163-4, 978-3-642-01164-1 (e-book)",
  ISSN =         "0075-8450 (print), 1616-6361 (electronic)",
  LCCN =         "QC6 .B663 2009",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 7 08:50:24 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE",
  series =       "Lecture notes in physics",
  abstract =     "Many large-scale projects for detecting gravitational
                 radiation are currently being developed, all with the
                 aim of opening a new window onto the observable
                 Universe. As a result, numerical relativity has
                 recently become a major field of research, and
                 \booktitle{Elements of Numerical Relativity and
                 Relativistic Hydrodynamics} is a valuable primer for
                 both graduate students and non-specialist researchers
                 wishing to enter the field. A revised and significantly
                 enlarged edition of LNP 673 \booktitle{Elements of
                 Numerical Relativity}, this book starts with the most
                 basic insights and aspects of numerical relativity
                 before it develops coherent guidelines for the reliable
                 and convenient selection of each of the following key
                 aspects: evolution formalism; gauge, initial, and
                 boundary conditions; and various numerical algorithms.
                 And in addition to many revisions, it includes new,
                 convenient damping terms for numerical implementations,
                 a presentation of the recently-developed harmonic
                 formalism, and an extensive, new chapter on matter
                 space--times, containing a thorough introduction to
                 relativistic hydrodynamics. While proper reference is
                 given to advanced applications requiring large
                 computational resources, most tests and applications in
                 this book can be performed on a standard PC.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Relativity (Physics); Space and time; Mathematics;
                 Evolution equations; Numerical solutions; Einstein
                 field equations",
  tableofcontents = "1: The 4D Spacetime \\
                 1.1: Spacetime geometry \\
                 1.2: General covariant field equations \\
                 1.3: Einstein's equations solutions \\
                 1.4 Harmonic formalism \\
                 \\
                 2: The Evolution Formalism \\
                 2.1: Space plus time decomposition \\
                 2.2: Einstein's equations decomposition \\
                 2.3: The evolution system \\
                 2.4: Gravitational waves degrees of freedom \\
                 \\
                 3: Free Evolution \\
                 3.1: The free evolution framework \\
                 3.2: Robust stability test-bed \\
                 3.3: Pseudo-hyperbolic systems \\
                 3.4: Covariant formulations \\
                 3.5: The Z4 evolution system \\
                 \\
                 4: First-Order Hyperbolic Systems \\
                 4.1: First-order versions of second-order systems \\
                 4.2: Hyperbolic systems \\
                 4.3: Generic space coordinates \\
                 4.4: Boundary conditions \\
                 \\
                 5: Numerical Methods \\
                 5.1: Finite difference methods \\
                 5.2: Finite volume methods \\
                 5.3: Simple CFD tests \\
                 \\
                 6: Black Hole Simulations \\
                 6.1: Black Hole initial data \\
                 6.2: Dynamical time slicing \\
                 6.3: Numerical Black Hole milestones \\
                 \\
                 7: Matter Spacetimes \\
                 7.1: Scalar fields \\
                 7.2: Electromagnetic fields \\
                 7.3: Hydrodynamics \\
                 7.4: Magnetohydrodynamics \\
                 7.5: Further developments \\
                 Index",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Choquet-Bruhat:2009:GRE
author: Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat
title: General Relativity and the Einstein equations
publisher: pub-OXFORD
address: pub-OXFORD:adr
pages: xxiv + 785
year: 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199230723.001.0001
ISBN: 0-19-923072-2 (hardcover), 0-19-155226-7 (e-book) OR 0199230722 (hardcover), 0191552267 (ebook)
LCCN: QC173.6 .C474 2009
MRclass: 83-02, 83C10
bibdate: Wed Jul 1 12:01:30 MDT 2009
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2009.07.01 12:01:30 MDT
series: Oxford mathematical monographs
subject: general relativity (physics); mathematics
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat
rawtitle: {General Relativity} and the {Einstein} equations
ISBN13:
978-0-19-923072-3 (hardcover), 978-0-19-155226-7 (e-book) OR 9780199230723 (hardcover), 9780191552267 (ebook)

abstract:
Aimed at researchers in mathematics and physics, this monograph, in which the author overviews the basic ideas in general relativity, introduces the necessary mathematics and discusses some of the key open questions in the field.

TOC:
I: Lorentz geometry II: Special Relativity III: General relativity and Einstein's equations IV: Schwarzschild spacetime and black holes V: Cosmology VI: Local Cauchy problem VII: Constraints VIII: Other hyperbolic--elliptic well-posed systems IX: Relativistic fluids X: Relativistic kinetic theory XI: Progressive waves XII: Global hyperbolicity and causality XIV: Singularities XV: Stationary spacetimes and black holes XVI: Global existence theorems: asymptotically Euclidean data Global existence theorems: the cosmological case Appendices Sobolev spaces on Riemannian manifolds Second-order elliptic systems on Riemannian manifolds Quasi-diagonal, quasi-linear, second-order hyperbolic systems General hyperbolic systems Cauchy--Kovalevski and Fuchs theorems Conformal methods Kaluza--Klein theories Related papers Causality of classical supergravity Gravitation with Gauss--Bonnet terms Interaction of gravitational and fluid waves Positive-energy theorems References

rawabstract:
Aimed at researchers in mathematics and physics, this monograph, in which the author overviews the basic ideas in general relativity, introduces the necessary mathematics and discusses some of the key open questions in the field.

rawTOC:
I: Lorentz geometry \\ II: Special Relativity \\ III: General relativity and Einstein's equations \\ IV: Schwarzschild spacetime and black holes \\ V: Cosmology \\ VI: Local Cauchy problem \\ VII: Constraints \\ VIII: Other hyperbolic--elliptic well-posed systems \\ IX: Relativistic fluids \\ X: Relativistic kinetic theory \\ XI: Progressive waves \\ XII: Global hyperbolicity and causality \\ XIV: Singularities \\ XV: Stationary spacetimes and black holes \\ XVI: Global existence theorems: asymptotically Euclidean data \\ Global existence theorems: the cosmological case \\ Appendices \\ Sobolev spaces on Riemannian manifolds \\ Second-order elliptic systems on Riemannian manifolds \\ Quasi-diagonal, quasi-linear, second-order hyperbolic systems \\ General hyperbolic systems \\ Cauchy--Kovalevski and Fuchs theorems \\ Conformal methods \\ Kaluza--Klein theories \\ Related papers \\ Causality of classical supergravity \\ Gravitation with Gauss--Bonnet terms \\ Interaction of gravitational and fluid waves \\ Positive-energy theorems \\ References

entry:
@Book{Choquet-Bruhat:2009:GRE,
  author =       "Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat",
  title =        "{General Relativity} and the {Einstein} equations",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xxiv + 785",
  year =         "2009",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199230723.001.0001",
  ISBN =         "0-19-923072-2 (hardcover), 0-19-155226-7 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-923072-3 (hardcover), 978-0-19-155226-7
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QC173.6 .C474 2009",
  MRclass =      "83-02, 83C10",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 1 12:01:30 MDT 2009",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Oxford mathematical monographs",
  abstract =     "Aimed at researchers in mathematics and physics, this
                 monograph, in which the author overviews the basic
                 ideas in general relativity, introduces the necessary
                 mathematics and discusses some of the key open
                 questions in the field.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "general relativity (physics); mathematics",
  tableofcontents = "I: Lorentz geometry \\
                 II: Special Relativity \\
                 III: General relativity and Einstein's equations \\
                 IV: Schwarzschild spacetime and black holes \\
                 V: Cosmology \\
                 VI: Local Cauchy problem \\
                 VII: Constraints \\
                 VIII: Other hyperbolic--elliptic well-posed systems \\
                 IX: Relativistic fluids \\
                 X: Relativistic kinetic theory \\
                 XI: Progressive waves \\
                 XII: Global hyperbolicity and causality \\
                 XIV: Singularities \\
                 XV: Stationary spacetimes and black holes \\
                 XVI: Global existence theorems: asymptotically
                 Euclidean data \\
                 Global existence theorems: the cosmological case \\
                 Appendices \\
                 Sobolev spaces on Riemannian manifolds \\
                 Second-order elliptic systems on Riemannian manifolds
                 \\
                 Quasi-diagonal, quasi-linear, second-order hyperbolic
                 systems \\
                 General hyperbolic systems \\
                 Cauchy--Kovalevski and Fuchs theorems \\
                 Conformal methods \\
                 Kaluza--Klein theories \\
                 Related papers \\
                 Causality of classical supergravity \\
                 Gravitation with Gauss--Bonnet terms \\
                 Interaction of gravitational and fluid waves \\
                 Positive-energy theorems \\
                 References",
}


bibtype: article
filename: einstein.bib
label: Ehlers:2009:GOE
author: Jurgen Ehlers
title: Golden Oldie Editorial: Editorial note to: H. Weyl, On the General Relativity Theory
journal: j-GEN-RELATIVITY-GRAV
volume: 41
number: 7
pages: 1655--1660
year: 2009
CODEN: GRGVA8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-009-0825-7
ISSN: 0001-7701 (print), 1572-9532 (electronic) OR 00017701 (print), 15729532 (electronic)
ISSNL: 0001-7701 OR 00017701
bibdate: Mon Dec 12 09:23:40 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.12 09:23:40 ???
note: See cite Weyl:1923:ARG,Weyl:2009:GOR.
URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/h3865j5750077338/
fjournal: General Relativity and Gravitation
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: J{\"u}rgen Ehlers
rawnote: See \cite{Weyl:1923:ARG,Weyl:2009:GOR}.
rawtitle: Golden Oldie Editorial: Editorial note to: {H. Weyl}, On the {General Relativity Theory}
entry:
@Article{Ehlers:2009:GOE,
  author =       "J{\"u}rgen Ehlers",
  title =        "Golden Oldie Editorial: Editorial note to: {H. Weyl},
                 On the {General Relativity Theory}",
  journal =      j-GEN-RELATIVITY-GRAV,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1655--1660",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "GRGVA8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-009-0825-7",
  ISSN =         "0001-7701 (print), 1572-9532 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-7701",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 12 09:23:40 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  note =         "See \cite{Weyl:1923:ARG,Weyl:2009:GOR}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/h3865j5750077338/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "General Relativity and Gravitation",
}


bibtype: incollection
filename: einstein.bib
label: Heller:2009:CCV
author: Michael Heller
title: Continuous Creation Versus a Beginning
crossref: Heller:2009:UEU
chapter: 5
pages: 43--55
year: 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02103-9_5
bibdate: Mon Dec 12 10:38:11 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.12 10:38:11 ???
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Michael Heller
rawtitle: Continuous Creation Versus a Beginning
entry:
@InCollection{Heller:2009:CCV,
  author =       "Michael Heller",
  title =        "Continuous Creation Versus a Beginning",
  crossref =     "Heller:2009:UEU",
  chapter =      "5",
  pages =        "43--55",
  year =         "2009",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02103-9_5",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 12 10:38:11 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}


bibtype: incollection
filename: einstein.bib
label: Heller:2009:PEU
author: Michael Heller
title: Problems with the Eternity of the Universe
crossref: Heller:2009:UEU
chapter: 2
pages: 15--22
year: 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02103-9_2
bibdate: Mon Dec 12 10:38:11 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.12 10:38:11 ???
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Michael Heller
rawtitle: Problems with the Eternity of the Universe
entry:
@InCollection{Heller:2009:PEU,
  author =       "Michael Heller",
  title =        "Problems with the Eternity of the Universe",
  crossref =     "Heller:2009:UEU",
  chapter =      "2",
  pages =        "15--22",
  year =         "2009",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02103-9_2",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 12 10:38:11 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}


bibtype: article
filename: einstein.bib
label: Realdi:2009:ESB
author: Matteo Realdi and Giulio Peruzzi
title: Einstein, de Sitter and the beginning of relativistic cosmology in 1917
journal: j-GEN-RELATIVITY-GRAV
volume: 41
number: 2
pages: 225--247
year: 2009
CODEN: GRGVA8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-008-0664-y
ISSN: 0001-7701 (print), 1572-9532 (electronic) OR 00017701 (print), 15729532 (electronic)
ISSNL: 0001-7701 OR 00017701
bibdate: Mon Dec 12 08:55:05 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.12 08:55:05 ???
URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/h8jlm02x0p03n212/
fjournal: General Relativity and Gravitation
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Matteo Realdi and Giulio Peruzzi
rawtitle: {Einstein}, {de Sitter} and the beginning of relativistic cosmology in 1917
abstract:
In 1917, both Einstein and de Sitter proposed a new interpretation of the universe as a whole: the structure of the universe could be described in terms of relativistic field equations. Their contributions marked the beginning of the modern scientific comprehension of the origin and evolution of the universe. Our aim is to propose a critical review paper, based on references in primary sources, on the formulation in 1917 of Einstein's and de Sitter's models of the universe, which represents a fundamental chapter in the history of relativistic Cosmology.

keywords:
Albert Einstein; Cosmological models; History of physics and astronomy; Theory of Relativity; Willem de Sitter

rawabstract:
In 1917, both Einstein and de Sitter proposed a new interpretation of the universe as a whole: the structure of the universe could be described in terms of relativistic field equations. Their contributions marked the beginning of the modern scientific comprehension of the origin and evolution of the universe. Our aim is to propose a critical review paper, based on references in primary sources, on the formulation in 1917 of Einstein's and de Sitter's models of the universe, which represents a fundamental chapter in the history of relativistic Cosmology.

entry:
@Article{Realdi:2009:ESB,
  author =       "Matteo Realdi and Giulio Peruzzi",
  title =        "{Einstein}, {de Sitter} and the beginning of
                 relativistic cosmology in 1917",
  journal =      j-GEN-RELATIVITY-GRAV,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "225--247",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "GRGVA8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-008-0664-y",
  ISSN =         "0001-7701 (print), 1572-9532 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-7701",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 12 08:55:05 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/h8jlm02x0p03n212/",
  abstract =     "In 1917, both Einstein and de Sitter proposed a new
                 interpretation of the universe as a whole: the
                 structure of the universe could be described in terms
                 of relativistic field equations. Their contributions
                 marked the beginning of the modern scientific
                 comprehension of the origin and evolution of the
                 universe. Our aim is to propose a critical review
                 paper, based on references in primary sources, on the
                 formulation in 1917 of Einstein's and de Sitter's
                 models of the universe, which represents a fundamental
                 chapter in the history of relativistic Cosmology.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "General Relativity and Gravitation",
  keywords =     "Albert Einstein; Cosmological models; History of
                 physics and astronomy; Theory of Relativity; Willem de
                 Sitter",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Schutz:2009:FCG
author: Bernard F. Schutz
title: A First Course in General Relativity
publisher: pub-CAMBRIDGE
address: pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr
edition: Second
pages: xv + 393
year: 2009
ISBN: 0-521-88705-4 OR 0521887054
ISBN13: 978-0-521-88705-2 OR 9780521887052
LCCN: QC173.6 .S38 1985
bibdate: Wed Dec 24 13:35:03 MST 2008
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2008.12.24 13:35:03 MST
URL: http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521887052
subject: General relativity (Physics); Astrophysics
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Bernard F. Schutz
rawtitle: A First Course in {General Relativity}
TOC:
Preface 1. Fundamental principles of special relativity 2. Vector analysis in special relativity 3. Tensor analysis in special relativity 4. Perfect fluids in special relativity 5. Preface to curvature 6. Curved manifolds 7. Physics in a curved spacetime 8. The Einstein field equations 9. Gravitational radiation 10. Spherical solutions for stars 11. Schwarzschild geometry and black holes 12. Cosmology References Index

rawTOC:
Preface\\ 1. Fundamental principles of special relativity\\ 2. Vector analysis in special relativity\\ 3. Tensor analysis in special relativity\\ 4. Perfect fluids in special relativity\\ 5. Preface to curvature\\ 6. Curved manifolds\\ 7. Physics in a curved spacetime\\ 8. The Einstein field equations\\ 9. Gravitational radiation\\ 10. Spherical solutions for stars\\ 11. Schwarzschild geometry and black holes\\ 12. Cosmology\\ References\\ Index

entry:
@Book{Schutz:2009:FCG,
  author =       "Bernard F. Schutz",
  title =        "A First Course in {General Relativity}",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xv + 393",
  year =         "2009",
  ISBN =         "0-521-88705-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-88705-2",
  LCCN =         "QC173.6 .S38 1985",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 24 13:35:03 MST 2008",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521887052",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "General relativity (Physics); Astrophysics",
  tableofcontents = "Preface\\
                 1. Fundamental principles of special relativity\\
                 2. Vector analysis in special relativity\\
                 3. Tensor analysis in special relativity\\
                 4. Perfect fluids in special relativity\\
                 5. Preface to curvature\\
                 6. Curved manifolds\\
                 7. Physics in a curved spacetime\\
                 8. The Einstein field equations\\
                 9. Gravitational radiation\\
                 10. Spherical solutions for stars\\
                 11. Schwarzschild geometry and black holes\\
                 12. Cosmology\\
                 References\\
                 Index",
}


bibtype: incollection
filename: einstein.bib
label: Teerikorpi:2009:FIU
title: Finite or Infinite Universe: Cosmological Models
crossref: Teerikorpi:2009:EUO
chapter: 23
pages: 291--307
year: 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09534-9_23
bibdate: Mon Dec 12 09:04:08 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.12 09:04:08 ???
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawtitle: Finite or Infinite Universe: Cosmological Models
author:
Pekka Teerikorpi and Mauri Valtonen and Kirsi Lehto and Harry Lehto and Gene Byrd and Arthur Chernin

rawauthor:
Pekka Teerikorpi and Mauri Valtonen and Kirsi Lehto and Harry Lehto and Gene Byrd and Arthur Chernin

entry:
@InCollection{Teerikorpi:2009:FIU,
  author =       "Pekka Teerikorpi and Mauri Valtonen and Kirsi Lehto
                 and Harry Lehto and Gene Byrd and Arthur Chernin",
  title =        "Finite or Infinite Universe: Cosmological Models",
  crossref =     "Teerikorpi:2009:EUO",
  chapter =      "23",
  pages =        "291--307",
  year =         "2009",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09534-9_23",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 12 09:04:08 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}


bibtype: article
filename: einstein.bib
label: Weyl:2009:GOR
author: H. Weyl
title: Golden Oldie: Republication of: On the General Relativity Theory
journal: j-GEN-RELATIVITY-GRAV
volume: 41
number: 7
pages: 1661--1666
year: 2009
CODEN: GRGVA8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-009-0826-6
ISSN: 0001-7701 (print), 1572-9532 (electronic) OR 00017701 (print), 15729532 (electronic)
ISSNL: 0001-7701 OR 00017701
bibdate: Mon Dec 12 09:26:38 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.12 09:26:38 ???
note: English translation of cite Weyl:1923:ARG. See also editorial note cite Ehlers:2009:GOE.
URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/107735q12g501356/
fjournal: General Relativity and Gravitation
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: H. Weyl
rawnote: English translation of \cite{Weyl:1923:ARG}. See also editorial note \cite{Ehlers:2009:GOE}.
rawtitle: Golden Oldie: Republication of: {On} the {General Relativity Theory}
entry:
@Article{Weyl:2009:GOR,
  author =       "H. Weyl",
  title =        "Golden Oldie: Republication of: {On} the {General
                 Relativity Theory}",
  journal =      j-GEN-RELATIVITY-GRAV,
  volume =       "41",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "1661--1666",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2009",
  CODEN =        "GRGVA8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-009-0826-6",
  ISSN =         "0001-7701 (print), 1572-9532 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-7701",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 12 09:26:38 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  note =         "English translation of \cite{Weyl:1923:ARG}. See also
                 editorial note \cite{Ehlers:2009:GOE}.",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/107735q12g501356/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "General Relativity and Gravitation",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Baumgarte:2010:NRS
author: Thomas W. Baumgarte and Stuart L. (Stuart Louis) Shapiro
title: Numerical relativity: solving Einstein's equations on the computer
publisher: pub-CAMBRIDGE
address: pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr
pages: xviii + 698
year: 2010
ISBN: 0-521-51407-X OR 052151407X
ISBN13: 978-0-521-51407-1 OR 9780521514071
LCCN: QC173.6 .B38 2010
bibdate: Fri Oct 7 08:35:27 MDT 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2011.10.07 08:35:27 MDT
subject: General relativity (Physics); Einstein field equations; Numerical calculations
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Thomas W. Baumgarte and Stuart L. (Stuart Louis) Shapiro
rawtitle: Numerical relativity: solving {Einstein}'s equations on the computer
TOC:
General relativity preliminaries The 3 + 1 decomposition of Einstein's equations Constructing initial data Choosing coordinates: the lapse and shift Matter sources Numerical methods Locating black hole horizons Spherically symmetric spacetimes Gravitational waves Collapse of collisionless clusters in axisymmetry Recasting the evolution equations Binary black hole initial data Binary black hole evolution Rotating stars Binary neutron star initial data Binary neutron star evolution Binary black hole-neutron stars: initial data and evolution

rawTOC:
General relativity preliminaries \\ The 3 + 1 decomposition of Einstein's equations \\ Constructing initial data \\ Choosing coordinates: the lapse and shift \\ Matter sources \\ Numerical methods \\ Locating black hole horizons \\ Spherically symmetric spacetimes \\ Gravitational waves \\ Collapse of collisionless clusters in axisymmetry \\ Recasting the evolution equations \\ Binary black hole initial data \\ Binary black hole evolution \\ Rotating stars \\ Binary neutron star initial data \\ Binary neutron star evolution \\ Binary black hole-neutron stars: initial data and evolution

entry:
@Book{Baumgarte:2010:NRS,
  author =       "Thomas W. Baumgarte and Stuart L. (Stuart Louis)
                 Shapiro",
  title =        "Numerical relativity: solving {Einstein}'s equations
                 on the computer",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 698",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "0-521-51407-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-51407-1",
  LCCN =         "QC173.6 .B38 2010",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 7 08:35:27 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "General relativity (Physics); Einstein field
                 equations; Numerical calculations",
  tableofcontents = "General relativity preliminaries \\
                 The 3 + 1 decomposition of Einstein's equations \\
                 Constructing initial data \\
                 Choosing coordinates: the lapse and shift \\
                 Matter sources \\
                 Numerical methods \\
                 Locating black hole horizons \\
                 Spherically symmetric spacetimes \\
                 Gravitational waves \\
                 Collapse of collisionless clusters in axisymmetry \\
                 Recasting the evolution equations \\
                 Binary black hole initial data \\
                 Binary black hole evolution \\
                 Rotating stars \\
                 Binary neutron star initial data \\
                 Binary neutron star evolution \\
                 Binary black hole-neutron stars: initial data and
                 evolution",
}


bibtype: article
filename: einstein.bib
label: Blanchard:2010:EFE
author: Alain Blanchard
title: Evidence for the fifth element: Astrophysical status of dark energy
journal: j-ASTRON-ASTROPHYS-REV
volume: 18
number: 4
pages: 595--645
year: 2010
CODEN: AASREB
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00159-010-0031-3
ISSN: 0935-4956 (print), 1432-0754 (electronic) OR 09354956 (print), 14320754 (electronic)
ISSNL: 0935-4956 OR 09354956
bibdate: Mon Dec 12 09:42:02 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.12 09:42:02 ???
URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/q372r215448x6x33/
fjournal: Astronomy and Astrophysics Review
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Alain Blanchard
rawtitle: Evidence for the fifth element: Astrophysical status of dark energy
abstract:
Evidence for an accelerated expansion of the universe as it has been revealed 10 years ago by the Hubble diagram of distant type Ia supernovae represents one of the major modern revolutions for fundamental physics and cosmology. It is yet unclear whether the explanation of the fact that gravity becomes repulsive on large scales should be found within general relativity or within a new theory of gravitation. However, existing evidences for this acceleration all come from astrophysical observations. Before accepting a drastic revision of fundamental physics, it is interesting to critically examine the present situation of the astrophysical observations and the possible limitation in their interpretation. In this review, the main various observational probes are presented as well as the framework to interpret them with special attention to the complex astrophysics and theoretical hypotheses that may limit actual evidences for the acceleration of the expansion. Even when scrutinized with skeptical eyes, the evidence for an accelerating universe is robust. Investigation of its very origin appears as the most fascinating challenge of modern physics.

rawabstract:
Evidence for an accelerated expansion of the universe as it has been revealed 10 years ago by the Hubble diagram of distant type Ia supernovae represents one of the major modern revolutions for fundamental physics and cosmology. It is yet unclear whether the explanation of the fact that gravity becomes repulsive on large scales should be found within general relativity or within a new theory of gravitation. However, existing evidences for this acceleration all come from astrophysical observations. Before accepting a drastic revision of fundamental physics, it is interesting to critically examine the present situation of the astrophysical observations and the possible limitation in their interpretation. In this review, the main various observational probes are presented as well as the framework to interpret them with special attention to the complex astrophysics and theoretical hypotheses that may limit actual evidences for the acceleration of the expansion. Even when scrutinized with skeptical eyes, the evidence for an accelerating universe is robust. Investigation of its very origin appears as the most fascinating challenge of modern physics.

entry:
@Article{Blanchard:2010:EFE,
  author =       "Alain Blanchard",
  title =        "Evidence for the fifth element: Astrophysical status
                 of dark energy",
  journal =      j-ASTRON-ASTROPHYS-REV,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "595--645",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "AASREB",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00159-010-0031-3",
  ISSN =         "0935-4956 (print), 1432-0754 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0935-4956",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 12 09:42:02 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/q372r215448x6x33/",
  abstract =     "Evidence for an accelerated expansion of the universe
                 as it has been revealed 10 years ago by the Hubble
                 diagram of distant type Ia supernovae represents one of
                 the major modern revolutions for fundamental physics
                 and cosmology. It is yet unclear whether the
                 explanation of the fact that gravity becomes repulsive
                 on large scales should be found within general
                 relativity or within a new theory of gravitation.
                 However, existing evidences for this acceleration all
                 come from astrophysical observations. Before accepting
                 a drastic revision of fundamental physics, it is
                 interesting to critically examine the present situation
                 of the astrophysical observations and the possible
                 limitation in their interpretation. In this review, the
                 main various observational probes are presented as well
                 as the framework to interpret them with special
                 attention to the complex astrophysics and theoretical
                 hypotheses that may limit actual evidences for the
                 acceleration of the expansion. Even when scrutinized
                 with skeptical eyes, the evidence for an accelerating
                 universe is robust. Investigation of its very origin
                 appears as the most fascinating challenge of modern
                 physics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Astronomy and Astrophysics Review",
}


bibtype: incollection
filename: einstein.bib
label: Boeyens:2010:SC
author: Jan C. A. Boeyens
title: Standard Cosmology
crossref: Boeyens:2010:CC
chapter: 6
pages: 183--226
year: 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3828-9_6
bibdate: Mon Dec 12 09:15:27 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.12 09:15:27 ???
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Jan C. A. Boeyens
rawtitle: Standard Cosmology
entry:
@InCollection{Boeyens:2010:SC,
  author =       "Jan C. A. Boeyens",
  title =        "Standard Cosmology",
  crossref =     "Boeyens:2010:CC",
  chapter =      "6",
  pages =        "183--226",
  year =         "2010",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3828-9_6",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 12 09:15:27 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Choudhuri:2010:AP
author: Arnab Rai Choudhuri
title: Astrophysics for physicists
publisher: pub-CAMBRIDGE
address: pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr
pages: xviii + 471
year: 2010
ISBN: 0-521-81553-3 (hardcover) OR 0521815533 (hardcover)
ISBN13: 978-0-521-81553-6 (hardcover) OR 9780521815536 (hardcover)
LCCN: QB461 .C535 2010
bibdate: Mon Dec 23 11:16:44 MST 2013
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2013.12.23 11:16:44 MST
URL: http://www.cambridge.org/gb/academic/subjects/astronomy/astrophysics/astrophysics-physicists
subject: Astrophysics; Textbooks
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Arnab Rai Choudhuri
rawtitle: Astrophysics for physicists
abstract:
Designed for teaching astrophysics to physics students at advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level, this textbook also provides an overview of astrophysics for astrophysics graduate students, before they delve into more specialized volumes. Assuming background knowledge at the level of a physics major, the textbook develops astrophysics from the basics without requiring any previous study in astronomy or astrophysics. Physical concepts, mathematical derivations and observational data are combined in a balanced way to provide a unified treatment. Topics such as general relativity and plasma physics, which are not usually covered in physics courses but used extensively in astrophysics, are developed from first principles. While the emphasis is on developing the fundamentals thoroughly, recent important discoveries are highlighted at every stage.par This textbook develops astrophysics from the basics without requiring any previous study in astronomy or astrophysics. Physical concepts,mathematical derivations and observational data are combined in a balanced way to provide a unified treatment.

TOC:
1: Introduction 2: Interaction of radiation with matter 3: Stellar astrophysics I: Basic theoretical ideas and observational data 4: Stellar astrophysics II: Nucleosynthesis and other advanced topics 5: End states of stellar collapse 6: Our Galaxy and its interstellar matter 7: Elements of stellar dynamics 8: Elements of plasma astrophysics 9: Extragalactic astronomy 10: The spacetime dynamics of the Universe 11: The thermal history of the Universe 12: Elements of tensors and general relativity 13: Some applications of general relativity 14: Relativistic cosmology App. A: Values of various quantities App. B: Astrophysics and the Nobel Prize

rawabstract:
Designed for teaching astrophysics to physics students at advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level, this textbook also provides an overview of astrophysics for astrophysics graduate students, before they delve into more specialized volumes. Assuming background knowledge at the level of a physics major, the textbook develops astrophysics from the basics without requiring any previous study in astronomy or astrophysics. Physical concepts, mathematical derivations and observational data are combined in a balanced way to provide a unified treatment. Topics such as general relativity and plasma physics, which are not usually covered in physics courses but used extensively in astrophysics, are developed from first principles. While the emphasis is on developing the fundamentals thoroughly, recent important discoveries are highlighted at every stage.\par This textbook develops astrophysics from the basics without requiring any previous study in astronomy or astrophysics. Physical concepts,mathematical derivations and observational data are combined in a balanced way to provide a unified treatment.

rawTOC:
1: Introduction \\ 2: Interaction of radiation with matter \\ 3: Stellar astrophysics I: Basic theoretical ideas and observational data \\ 4: Stellar astrophysics II: Nucleosynthesis and other advanced topics \\ 5: End states of stellar collapse \\ 6: Our Galaxy and its interstellar matter \\ 7: Elements of stellar dynamics \\ 8: Elements of plasma astrophysics \\ 9: Extragalactic astronomy \\ 10: The spacetime dynamics of the Universe \\ 11: The thermal history of the Universe \\ 12: Elements of tensors and general relativity \\ 13: Some applications of general relativity \\ 14: Relativistic cosmology \\ App. A: Values of various quantities \\ App. B: Astrophysics and the Nobel Prize

entry:
@Book{Choudhuri:2010:AP,
  author =       "Arnab Rai Choudhuri",
  title =        "Astrophysics for physicists",
  publisher =    pub-CAMBRIDGE,
  address =      pub-CAMBRIDGE:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 471",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "0-521-81553-3 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-521-81553-6 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QB461 .C535 2010",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 23 11:16:44 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.cambridge.org/gb/academic/subjects/astronomy/astrophysics/astrophysics-physicists",
  abstract =     "Designed for teaching astrophysics to physics students
                 at advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level,
                 this textbook also provides an overview of astrophysics
                 for astrophysics graduate students, before they delve
                 into more specialized volumes. Assuming background
                 knowledge at the level of a physics major, the textbook
                 develops astrophysics from the basics without requiring
                 any previous study in astronomy or astrophysics.
                 Physical concepts, mathematical derivations and
                 observational data are combined in a balanced way to
                 provide a unified treatment. Topics such as general
                 relativity and plasma physics, which are not usually
                 covered in physics courses but used extensively in
                 astrophysics, are developed from first principles.
                 While the emphasis is on developing the fundamentals
                 thoroughly, recent important discoveries are
                 highlighted at every stage.\par

                 This textbook develops astrophysics from the basics
                 without requiring any previous study in astronomy or
                 astrophysics. Physical concepts,mathematical
                 derivations and observational data are combined in a
                 balanced way to provide a unified treatment.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Astrophysics; Textbooks",
  tableofcontents = "1: Introduction \\
                 2: Interaction of radiation with matter \\
                 3: Stellar astrophysics I: Basic theoretical ideas and
                 observational data \\
                 4: Stellar astrophysics II: Nucleosynthesis and other
                 advanced topics \\
                 5: End states of stellar collapse \\
                 6: Our Galaxy and its interstellar matter \\
                 7: Elements of stellar dynamics \\
                 8: Elements of plasma astrophysics \\
                 9: Extragalactic astronomy \\
                 10: The spacetime dynamics of the Universe \\
                 11: The thermal history of the Universe \\
                 12: Elements of tensors and general relativity \\
                 13: Some applications of general relativity \\
                 14: Relativistic cosmology \\
                 App. A: Values of various quantities \\
                 App. B: Astrophysics and the Nobel Prize",
}


bibtype: article
filename: einstein.bib
label: Freedman:2010:HC
author: Wendy L. Freedman and Barry F. Madore
title: The Hubble constant
journal: j-ANNU-REV-ASTRON-ASTROPHYS
volume: 48
pages: 673--710
year: 2010
CODEN: ARAAAJ
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101829
ISSN: 0066-4146 (print), 1545-4282 (electronic) OR 00664146 (print), 15454282 (electronic)
ISSNL: 0066-4146 OR 00664146
bibdate: Thu Dec 15 06:19:33 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.15 06:19:33 ???
URL: http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101829
fjournal: Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
journalURL: http://www.annualreviews.org/journal/astro
rawauthor: Wendy L. Freedman and Barry F. Madore
rawtitle: The {Hubble} constant
entry:
@Article{Freedman:2010:HC,
  author =       "Wendy L. Freedman and Barry F. Madore",
  title =        "The {Hubble} constant",
  journal =      j-ANNU-REV-ASTRON-ASTROPHYS,
  volume =       "48",
  pages =        "673--710",
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "ARAAAJ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101829",
  ISSN =         "0066-4146 (print), 1545-4282 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0066-4146",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 15 06:19:33 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101829",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics",
  journal-URL =  "http://www.annualreviews.org/journal/astro",
}


bibtype: article
filename: einstein.bib
label: Mattsson:2010:DEM
author: Teppo Mattsson
title: Dark energy as a mirage
journal: j-GEN-RELATIVITY-GRAV
volume: 42
number: 3
pages: 567--599
year: 2010
CODEN: GRGVA8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-009-0873-z
ISSN: 0001-7701 (print), 1572-9532 (electronic) OR 00017701 (print), 15729532 (electronic)
ISSNL: 0001-7701 OR 00017701
bibdate: Mon Dec 12 10:57:36 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.12 10:57:36 ???
URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/8287361563158411/
fjournal: General Relativity and Gravitation
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Teppo Mattsson
rawtitle: Dark energy as a mirage
entry:
@Article{Mattsson:2010:DEM,
  author =       "Teppo Mattsson",
  title =        "Dark energy as a mirage",
  journal =      j-GEN-RELATIVITY-GRAV,
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "567--599",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2010",
  CODEN =        "GRGVA8",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-009-0873-z",
  ISSN =         "0001-7701 (print), 1572-9532 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0001-7701",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 12 10:57:36 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/8287361563158411/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "General Relativity and Gravitation",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Yau:2010:SIS
author: Shing-Tung Yau and Steven J. Nadis
title: The shape of inner space: string theory and the geometry of the universe's hidden dimensions
publisher: pub-BASIC-BOOKS
address: pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr
pages: xix + 377
year: 2010
ISBN: 0-465-02023-2 OR 0465020232
ISBN13: 978-0-465-02023-2 OR 9780465020232
LCCN: QA691 .Y38 2010
bibdate: Thu Sep 1 19:08:26 MDT 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2011.09.01 19:08:26 MDT
subject: Hyperspace; String models; Fourth dimension
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Shing-Tung Yau and Steven J. Nadis
rawtitle: The shape of inner space: string theory and the geometry of the universe's hidden dimensions
abstract:
String theory says we live in a ten-dimensional universe, but that only four are accessible to our everyday senses. According to theorists, the missing six are curled up in bizarre structures known as Calabi-Yau manifolds. Here, Shing-Tung Yau, the man who mathematically proved that these manifolds exist, argues that not only is geometry fundamental to string theory, it is also fundamental to the very nature of our universe. Time and again, where Yau has gone, physics has followed. Now for the first time, readers will follow Yau's penetrating thinking on where we've been, and where mathematics will take us next. A fascinating exploration of a world we are only just beginning to grasp, The Shape of Inner Space will change the way we consider the universe on both its grandest and smallest scales.--From publisher description.

TOC:
``Space/time'' (poem) The shapes of things to come A universe in the margins Geometry in the natural order A new kind of hammer Too good to be true Proving Calabi The DNA of string theory Through the looking glass Kinks in spacetime Back to the real world Beyond Calabi-Yau The universe unravels The search for extra dimensions Truth, beauty, and mathematics The end of geometry? Another day, another donut Entering the sanctum ``A flash in the middle of a long night'' (poem)

rawabstract:
String theory says we live in a ten-dimensional universe, but that only four are accessible to our everyday senses. According to theorists, the missing six are curled up in bizarre structures known as Calabi-Yau manifolds. Here, Shing-Tung Yau, the man who mathematically proved that these manifolds exist, argues that not only is geometry fundamental to string theory, it is also fundamental to the very nature of our universe. Time and again, where Yau has gone, physics has followed. Now for the first time, readers will follow Yau's penetrating thinking on where we've been, and where mathematics will take us next. A fascinating exploration of a world we are only just beginning to grasp, The Shape of Inner Space will change the way we consider the universe on both its grandest and smallest scales.--From publisher description.

rawTOC:
``Space/time'' (poem) \\ The shapes of things to come \\ A universe in the margins \\ Geometry in the natural order \\ A new kind of hammer \\ Too good to be true \\ Proving Calabi \\ The DNA of string theory \\ Through the looking glass \\ Kinks in spacetime \\ Back to the real world \\ Beyond Calabi-Yau \\ The universe unravels \\ The search for extra dimensions \\ Truth, beauty, and mathematics \\ The end of geometry? \\ Another day, another donut \\ Entering the sanctum \\ ``A flash in the middle of a long night'' (poem)

entry:
@Book{Yau:2010:SIS,
  author =       "Shing-Tung Yau and Steven J. Nadis",
  title =        "The shape of inner space: string theory and the
                 geometry of the universe's hidden dimensions",
  publisher =    pub-BASIC-BOOKS,
  address =      pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr,
  pages =        "xix + 377",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "0-465-02023-2",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-465-02023-2",
  LCCN =         "QA691 .Y38 2010",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 1 19:08:26 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  abstract =     "String theory says we live in a ten-dimensional
                 universe, but that only four are accessible to our
                 everyday senses. According to theorists, the missing
                 six are curled up in bizarre structures known as
                 Calabi-Yau manifolds. Here, Shing-Tung Yau, the man who
                 mathematically proved that these manifolds exist,
                 argues that not only is geometry fundamental to string
                 theory, it is also fundamental to the very nature of
                 our universe. Time and again, where Yau has gone,
                 physics has followed. Now for the first time, readers
                 will follow Yau's penetrating thinking on where we've
                 been, and where mathematics will take us next. A
                 fascinating exploration of a world we are only just
                 beginning to grasp, The Shape of Inner Space will
                 change the way we consider the universe on both its
                 grandest and smallest scales.--From publisher
                 description.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Hyperspace; String models; Fourth dimension",
  tableofcontents = "``Space/time'' (poem) \\
                 The shapes of things to come \\
                 A universe in the margins \\
                 Geometry in the natural order \\
                 A new kind of hammer \\
                 Too good to be true \\
                 Proving Calabi \\
                 The DNA of string theory \\
                 Through the looking glass \\
                 Kinks in spacetime \\
                 Back to the real world \\
                 Beyond Calabi-Yau \\
                 The universe unravels \\
                 The search for extra dimensions \\
                 Truth, beauty, and mathematics \\
                 The end of geometry? \\
                 Another day, another donut \\
                 Entering the sanctum \\
                 ``A flash in the middle of a long night'' (poem)",
}


bibtype: article
filename: einstein.bib
label: Belgiorno:2011:DBH
author: F. Belgiorno and S. L. Cacciatori and G. Ortenzi and L. Rizzi and V. Gorini and D. Faccio
title: Dielectric black holes induced by a refractive index perturbation and the Hawking effect
journal: j-PHYS-REV-D
volume: 83
number: 2
pages: 024015
month: jan
monthnumber: 1
year: 2011
CODEN: PRVDAQ
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.83.024015
ISSNL: 0556-2821 OR 05562821
bibdate: Mon Dec 12 10:02:37 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.12 10:02:37 ???
URL: http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.83.024015
fjournal: Physical Review D (Particles and Fields)
remark: See cite Anonymous:2010:MBH for a nontechnical summary of this work.
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: F. Belgiorno and S. L. Cacciatori and G. Ortenzi and L. Rizzi and V. Gorini and D. Faccio
rawtitle: Dielectric black holes induced by a refractive index perturbation and the {Hawking} effect
entry:
@Article{Belgiorno:2011:DBH,
  author =       "F. Belgiorno and S. L. Cacciatori and G. Ortenzi and
                 L. Rizzi and V. Gorini and D. Faccio",
  title =        "Dielectric black holes induced by a refractive index
                 perturbation and the {Hawking} effect",
  journal =      j-PHYS-REV-D,
  volume =       "83",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "024015",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "PRVDAQ",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.83.024015",
  ISSN =         "0556-2821 (print), 1089-4918 (electronic), 1538-4500
                 (CD-ROM)",
  ISSN-L =       "0556-2821",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 12 10:02:37 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.83.024015",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "Physical Review D (Particles and Fields)",
  pagecount =    "17",
  remark =       "See \cite{Anonymous:2010:MBH} for a nontechnical
                 summary of this work.",
}


bibtype: article
filename: einstein.bib
label: Benedetto:2011:BHR
author: E. Benedetto
title: Brief History of a Relativistic Century
journal: j-INT-J-THEOR-PHYS
volume: 50
number: 8
pages: 2493--2513
year: 2011
CODEN: IJTPBM
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-011-0739-5
ISSN: 0020-7748 (print), 1572-9575 (electronic) OR 00207748 (print), 15729575 (electronic)
ISSNL: 0020-7748 OR 00207748
bibdate: Mon Dec 12 09:48:23 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.12.12 09:48:23 ???
URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/5162r573h13mq311/
fjournal: International Journal of Theoretical Physics
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: E. Benedetto
rawtitle: Brief History of a Relativistic Century
abstract:
More than one century is passed by the publication of special relativity and few less by the birth of general relativity. Despite the great experimental successes of these theories, the study of the universe, is plagued by numerous unsolved problems. For example one of the most problems in cosmology is the cosmological constant, which governs the expansion of the universe, also known as dark energy. A substantial portion, about 60%, of the mass-energy in the universe is in a form of mysterious energy that is pushing the cosmos apart at an accelerating rate. What is this energy, and where does it come from? Cosmologists have no real idea. Although given a similar name, there is another problem in cosmology, the so-called dark matter, which is actually unrelated to dark energy, except insofar as they involve things we don't understand. About 90% of the mass in the universe is in an apparently invisible form of matter that we call dark matter. This dark matter can only be measured by the gravitational pull it has on objects around it, and all galaxies we observe contain large halos of it, often extending for hundreds of thousands of light years beyond the edge of luminous matter. Is this dark matter actual matter, such as weakly interacting massive particles, or perhaps it is just an observational artifact caused by an improper theory of gravity? Another mystery is why there is so much more matter than antimatter in the universe. According to physical theories, these forms of matter are essentially equivalent, but conventional matter is observed in much greater abundances than antimatter. In this paper we summarily introduce the principal alternative theories proposed during one century of relativity.

rawabstract:
More than one century is passed by the publication of special relativity and few less by the birth of general relativity. Despite the great experimental successes of these theories, the study of the universe, is plagued by numerous unsolved problems. For example one of the most problems in cosmology is the cosmological constant, which governs the expansion of the universe, also known as dark energy. A substantial portion, about 60\%, of the mass-energy in the universe is in a form of mysterious energy that is pushing the cosmos apart at an accelerating rate. What is this energy, and where does it come from? Cosmologists have no real idea. Although given a similar name, there is another problem in cosmology, the so-called dark matter, which is actually unrelated to dark energy, except insofar as they involve things we don't understand. About 90\% of the mass in the universe is in an apparently invisible form of matter that we call dark matter. This dark matter can only be measured by the gravitational pull it has on objects around it, and all galaxies we observe contain large halos of it, often extending for hundreds of thousands of light years beyond the edge of luminous matter. Is this dark matter actual matter, such as weakly interacting massive particles, or perhaps it is just an observational artifact caused by an improper theory of gravity? Another mystery is why there is so much more matter than antimatter in the universe. According to physical theories, these forms of matter are essentially equivalent, but conventional matter is observed in much greater abundances than antimatter. In this paper we summarily introduce the principal alternative theories proposed during one century of relativity.

entry:
@Article{Benedetto:2011:BHR,
  author =       "E. Benedetto",
  title =        "Brief History of a Relativistic Century",
  journal =      j-INT-J-THEOR-PHYS,
  volume =       "50",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "2493--2513",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "2011",
  CODEN =        "IJTPBM",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-011-0739-5",
  ISSN =         "0020-7748 (print), 1572-9575 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "0020-7748",
  bibdate =      "Mon Dec 12 09:48:23 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  URL =          "http://www.springerlink.com/content/5162r573h13mq311/",
  abstract =     "More than one century is passed by the publication of
                 special relativity and few less by the birth of general
                 relativity. Despite the great experimental successes of
                 these theories, the study of the universe, is plagued
                 by numerous unsolved problems. For example one of the
                 most problems in cosmology is the cosmological
                 constant, which governs the expansion of the universe,
                 also known as dark energy. A substantial portion, about
                 60\%, of the mass-energy in the universe is in a form
                 of mysterious energy that is pushing the cosmos apart
                 at an accelerating rate. What is this energy, and where
                 does it come from? Cosmologists have no real idea.
                 Although given a similar name, there is another problem
                 in cosmology, the so-called dark matter, which is
                 actually unrelated to dark energy, except insofar as
                 they involve things we don't understand. About 90\% of
                 the mass in the universe is in an apparently invisible
                 form of matter that we call dark matter. This dark
                 matter can only be measured by the gravitational pull
                 it has on objects around it, and all galaxies we
                 observe contain large halos of it, often extending for
                 hundreds of thousands of light years beyond the edge of
                 luminous matter. Is this dark matter actual matter,
                 such as weakly interacting massive particles, or
                 perhaps it is just an observational artifact caused by
                 an improper theory of gravity? Another mystery is why
                 there is so much more matter than antimatter in the
                 universe. According to physical theories, these forms
                 of matter are essentially equivalent, but conventional
                 matter is observed in much greater abundances than
                 antimatter. In this paper we summarily introduce the
                 principal alternative theories proposed during one
                 century of relativity.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  fjournal =     "International Journal of Theoretical Physics",
}


bibtype: book
filename: einstein.bib
label: Capozziello:2011:BEG
author: Salvatore Capozziello and Valerio Faraoni
title: Beyond Einstein gravity: a survey of gravitational theories for cosmology and astrophysics
volume: 170
publisher: pub-SV
address: pub-SV:adr
pages: xix + 428
year: 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0706-5
ISBN: 94-007-0164-0 OR 9400701640
ISBN13: 978-94-007-0164-9 OR 9789400701649
ISSN: 0168-1222 OR 01681222
LCCN: QB335 .C37 2011; QC178 .C176 2011
bibdate: Thu Sep 15 19:26:22 MDT 2011
bibsource: https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2011.09.15 19:26:22 MDT
series: Fundamental theories of physics
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Salvatore Capozziello and Valerio Faraoni
rawtitle: Beyond {Einstein} gravity: a survey of gravitational theories for cosmology and astrophysics
abstract:
booktitle Beyond Einstein's Gravity is a graduate level introduction to extended theories of gravity and cosmology, including variational principles, the weak-field limit, gravitational waves, mathematical tools, exact solutions, as well as cosmological and astrophysical applications. The book provides a critical overview of the research in this area and unifies the existing literature using a consistent notation. Although the results apply in principle to all alternative gravities, a special emphasis is on scalar-tensor and $ f(R) $ theories. They were studied by theoretical physicists from early on, and in the 1980s they appeared in attempts to renormalize General Relativity and in models of the early universe. Recently, these theories have seen a new lease of life, in both their metric and metric-affine versions, as models of the present acceleration of the universe without introducing the mysterious and exotic dark energy. The dark matter problem can also be addressed in extended gravity. These applications are contributing to a deeper understanding of the gravitational interaction from both the theoretical and the experimental point of view. An extensive bibliography guides the reader into more detailed literature on particular topics.

TOC:
1: Extended gravity: a primer / 1 Why extending gravity? / 1 Cosmological and astrophysical motivation / 3 Mathematical motivation / 6 Quantum gravity motivation / 7 Emergent gravity and thermodynamics of spacetime / 12 What a good theory of gravity should do: General Relativity and its extensions / 13 Quantum field theory in curved space / 18 Mach's principle and other fundamental issues / 23 Higher order corrections to Einstein's theory / 25 Minimal and non-minimal coupling and the Equivalence Principle / 27 Mach's principle and the variation of G / 32 Extended gravity from higher dimensions and area metric approach / 35 Conclusions / 40 2: Mathematical tools / 41 Conformal transformations / 41 Variational principles in General Relativity / 47 Geodesies / 47 Field equations / 49 Adding torsion / 51 Noether symmetries / 54 Conclusions / 57 3: The landscape beyond Einstein gravity / 59 The variational principle and the field equations of Brans--Dicke gravity / 59 The variational principle and the field equations of metric $f(R)$ gravity / 62 $f(R) = R + alpha R^2$ / 62 Metric $f(R)$ gravity in general / 64 A more general class of ETGs / 67 The Palatini formalism / 67 The Palatini approach and the conformal structure of the theory / 68 Problems with the Palatini formalism / 73 Equivalence between $f(R)$ and scalar-tensor gravity / 77 Equivalence between scalar-tensor and metric $f(R)$ gravity / 77 Equivalence between scalar-tensor and Palatini $f(R)$ gravity / 78 Conformal transformations applied to extended gravity / 79 Brans--Dicke gravity / 79 Scalar-tensor theories / 83 Mixed $f(R)$/scalar-tensor gravity / 85 The issue of the conformal frame / 86 The initial value problem / 90 The Cauchy problem of scalar-tensor gravity / 92 The initial value problem of $f(R)$ gravity in the ADM formulation / 97 The Gaussian normal coordinates approach / 98 Conclusions / 106 4: Spherical symmetry / 107 Spherically symmetric solutions of GR and metric $f(R)$ gravity / 107 Spherical symmetry / 108 The Ricci scalar in spherical symmetry / 109 Spherical symmetry in metric $f(R)$ gravity / 110 Solutions with constant Ricci scalar / 112 Solutions with R = R(r) / 115 Perturbations / 117 Spherical symmetry in $f(R)$ gravity and the Noether approach / 119 Noether solutions of spherically symmetric $f(R)$ gravity / 124 Non-asymptotically flat and non-static spherical solutions of metric $f(R)$ gravity / 128 Spherical symmetry in scalar-tensor gravity / 134 Static solutions of Brans--Dicke theory / 134 Dynamical and asymptotically FLRW solutions / 136 Collapse to black holes in scalar-tensor theory / 137 The Jebsen--Birkhoff theorem / 139 The Jebsen--Birkhoff theorem of GR / 139 The non-vacuum case / 140 The vacuum case / 142 The Jebsen--Birkhoff theorem in scalar-tensor gravity / 143 The trivial case $phi =$ constant / 144 Static non-constant Brans--Dicke-like field / 145 The Jebsen--Birkhoff theorem in Einstein frame scalar-tensor gravity / 146 Hawking's theorem and Jebsen--Birkhoff in Brans--Dicke gravity / 148 The Jebsen--Birkhoff theorem in $f(R)$ gravity / 150 Black hole thermodynamics in extended gravity / 151 Scalar-tensor gravity / 153 Metric modified gravity / 155 Palatini modified gravity / 156 Dilaton gravity / 157 From spherical to axial symmetry: an application to $f(R)$ gravity / 158 Conclusions / 163 5: Weak-field limit / 165 The weak-field limit of extended gravity / 165 The Newtonian and post-Newtonian approximations: general remarks / 167 The Newtonian and post-Newtonian limits of metric $f(R)$ gravity with spherical / 171 symmetry Comparison with the standard formalism and the chameleon effect / 180 The Post-Minkowskian approximation / 185 The energy-momentum pseudotensor in $f(R)$ gravity and gravitational radiation / 187 Gravitational waves / 190 Gravitational waves in scalar-tensor gravity / 192 Gravitational waves in higher order gravity / 195 Conclusions / 208 6: Qualitative analysis and exact solutions in cosmology / 209 The Ehlers--Geren--Sachs theorem / 209 The phase space of FLRW cosmology in scalar-tensor and $f(R)$ gravity / 210 The dynamical system / 212 Analytical solutions of Brans--Dicke and scalar-tensor cosmology / 220 Analytical solutions of Brans--Dicke cosmology / 221 Exact scalar-tensor cosmologies / 232 Analytical solutions of metric $f(R)$ cosmology by the Noether approach / 233 Point-like $f(R)$ cosmology / 233 Noether symmetries in metric $f(R)$ cosmology / 235 Exact cosmologies / 238 $c$ / 243 Analytical cosmological solutions of $f(R, square R, ldots , square ^k R)$ gravity / 253 Higher order point-like Lagrangians for cosmology / 253 The Noether symmetry approach for higher order gravities / 256 Conclusions / 260 7: Cosmology / 261 Big Bang, inflationary, and late-time cosmology in GR / 262 The standard Big Bang model / 263 Inflation in the early universe / 263 The present-day acceleration / 265 Using cosmography to map the structure of the universe / 273 The cosmographic apparatus / 274 Large scale structure and galaxy clusters / 304 The weak-field limit of $f(R)$ gravity and galaxy clusters / 305 Extended systems / 306 The cluster mass profiles / 307 The galaxy clusters sample / 310 The gas density model / 310 Temperature profiles / 311 The galaxy distribution model / 311 Uncertainties in the mass profiles / 314 Fitting the mass profiles / 314 Results / 316 Outlooks / 321 Testing cosmological models with observations / 326 Toward a new cosmological standard model / 327 Methods to constrain models / 331 Data samples for constraining models: large scale structure / 336 Testing cosmological models: an example / 337 Conclusions / 345 8: From the early to the present universe / 347 Quantum cosmology / 347 Noether symmetries in quantum cosmology / 350 Scalar-tensor quantum cosmology / 352 The quantum cosmology of fourth order gravity / 355 Quantum cosmology with gravity of order higher than fourth / 359 Inflation in ETGs / 362 Scalar-tensor gravity: extended and hyperextended inflation / 362 Inflation with quadratic corrections / 365 Cosmological perturbations / 366 Scalar perturbations / 367 Gravitational wave perturbations / 376 Constraints on ETGs from primordial nucleosynthesis / 381 The present universe: $f(R)$ gravity as an alternative to dark energy / 384 Background universe / 385 Perturbations / 388 Conclusions / 389 A: Physical constants and astrophysical and cosmological parameters / 391 Physical constants / 391 Conversion factors / 392 Astrophysical and cosmological.quantities / 392 Planck scale quantities / 393 B: The Noether symmetry approach to $f(R)$ gravity / 395 The field equations and the Noether vector for spherically symmetric $f(R)$ gravity / 395 Noether symmetries in metric $f(R)$ cosmology / 396 C: The weak-field limit of metric $f(R)$ gravity / 399 References / 401 Index / 425

rawabstract:
\booktitle{Beyond Einstein's Gravity} is a graduate level introduction to extended theories of gravity and cosmology, including variational principles, the weak-field limit, gravitational waves, mathematical tools, exact solutions, as well as cosmological and astrophysical applications. The book provides a critical overview of the research in this area and unifies the existing literature using a consistent notation. Although the results apply in principle to all alternative gravities, a special emphasis is on scalar-tensor and $ f(R) $ theories. They were studied by theoretical physicists from early on, and in the 1980s they appeared in attempts to renormalize General Relativity and in models of the early universe. Recently, these theories have seen a new lease of life, in both their metric and metric-affine versions, as models of the present acceleration of the universe without introducing the mysterious and exotic dark energy. The dark matter problem can also be addressed in extended gravity. These applications are contributing to a deeper understanding of the gravitational interaction from both the theoretical and the experimental point of view. An extensive bibliography guides the reader into more detailed literature on particular topics.

rawTOC:
1: Extended gravity: a primer / 1 \\ Why extending gravity? / 1 \\ Cosmological and astrophysical motivation / 3 \\ Mathematical motivation / 6 \\ Quantum gravity motivation / 7 \\ Emergent gravity and thermodynamics of spacetime / 12 \\ What a good theory of gravity should do: General Relativity and its extensions / 13 \\ Quantum field theory in curved space / 18 \\ Mach's principle and other fundamental issues / 23 \\ Higher order corrections to Einstein's theory / 25 \\ Minimal and non-minimal coupling and the Equivalence Principle / 27 \\ Mach's principle and the variation of G / 32 \\ Extended gravity from higher dimensions and area metric approach / 35 \\ Conclusions / 40 \\ 2: Mathematical tools / 41 \\ Conformal transformations / 41 \\ Variational principles in General Relativity / 47 \\ Geodesies / 47 \\ Field equations / 49 \\ Adding torsion / 51 \\ Noether symmetries / 54 \\ Conclusions / 57 \\ 3: The landscape beyond Einstein gravity / 59 \\ The variational principle and the field equations of Brans--Dicke gravity / 59 \\ The variational principle and the field equations of metric $f(R)$ gravity / 62 \\ $f(R) = R + \alpha R^2$ / 62 \\ Metric $f(R)$ gravity in general / 64 \\ A more general class of ETGs / 67 \\ The Palatini formalism / 67 \\ The Palatini approach and the conformal structure of the theory / 68 \\ Problems with the Palatini formalism / 73 \\ Equivalence between $f(R)$ and scalar-tensor gravity / 77 \\ Equivalence between scalar-tensor and metric $f(R)$ gravity / 77 \\ Equivalence between scalar-tensor and Palatini $f(R)$ gravity / 78 \\ Conformal transformations applied to extended gravity / 79 \\ Brans--Dicke gravity / 79 \\ Scalar-tensor theories / 83 \\ Mixed $f(R)$/scalar-tensor gravity / 85 \\ The issue of the conformal frame / 86 \\ The initial value problem / 90 \\ The Cauchy problem of scalar-tensor gravity / 92 \\ The initial value problem of $f(R)$ gravity in the ADM formulation / 97 \\ The Gaussian normal coordinates approach / 98 \\ Conclusions / 106 \\ 4: Spherical symmetry / 107 \\ Spherically symmetric solutions of GR and metric $f(R)$ gravity / 107 \\ Spherical symmetry / 108 \\ The Ricci scalar in spherical symmetry / 109 \\ Spherical symmetry in metric $f(R)$ gravity / 110 \\ Solutions with constant Ricci scalar / 112 \\ Solutions with R = R(r) / 115 \\ Perturbations / 117 \\ Spherical symmetry in $f(R)$ gravity and the Noether approach / 119 \\ Noether solutions of spherically symmetric $f(R)$ gravity / 124 \\ Non-asymptotically flat and non-static spherical solutions of metric $f(R)$ gravity / 128 \\ Spherical symmetry in scalar-tensor gravity / 134 \\ Static solutions of Brans--Dicke theory / 134 \\ Dynamical and asymptotically FLRW solutions / 136 \\ Collapse to black holes in scalar-tensor theory / 137 \\ The Jebsen--Birkhoff theorem / 139 \\ The Jebsen--Birkhoff theorem of GR / 139 \\ The non-vacuum case / 140 \\ The vacuum case / 142 \\ The Jebsen--Birkhoff theorem in scalar-tensor gravity / 143 \\ The trivial case $\phi =$ constant / 144 \\ Static non-constant Brans--Dicke-like field / 145 \\ The Jebsen--Birkhoff theorem in Einstein frame scalar-tensor gravity / 146 \\ Hawking's theorem and Jebsen--Birkhoff in Brans--Dicke gravity / 148 \\ The Jebsen--Birkhoff theorem in $f(R)$ gravity / 150 \\ Black hole thermodynamics in extended gravity / 151 \\ Scalar-tensor gravity / 153 \\ Metric modified gravity / 155 \\ Palatini modified gravity / 156 \\ Dilaton gravity / 157 \\ From spherical to axial symmetry: an application to $f(R)$ gravity / 158 \\ Conclusions / 163 \\ 5: Weak-field limit / 165 \\ The weak-field limit of extended gravity / 165 \\ The Newtonian and post-Newtonian approximations: general remarks / 167 \\ The Newtonian and post-Newtonian limits of metric $f(R)$ gravity with spherical / 171 \\ symmetry Comparison with the standard formalism and the chameleon effect / 180 \\ The Post-Minkowskian approximation / 185 \\ The energy-momentum pseudotensor in $f(R)$ gravity and gravitational radiation / 187 \\ Gravitational waves / 190 \\ Gravitational waves in scalar-tensor gravity / 192 \\ Gravitational waves in higher order gravity / 195 \\ Conclusions / 208 \\ 6: Qualitative analysis and exact solutions in cosmology / 209 \\ The Ehlers--Geren--Sachs theorem / 209 \\ The phase space of FLRW cosmology in scalar-tensor and $f(R)$ gravity / 210 \\ The dynamical system / 212 \\ Analytical solutions of Brans--Dicke and scalar-tensor cosmology / 220 \\ Analytical solutions of Brans--Dicke cosmology / 221 \\ Exact scalar-tensor cosmologies / 232 \\ Analytical solutions of metric $f(R)$ cosmology by the Noether approach / 233 \\ Point-like $f(R)$ cosmology / 233 \\ Noether symmetries in metric $f(R)$ cosmology / 235 \\ Exact cosmologies / 238 \\ $c$ / 243 \\ Analytical cosmological solutions of $f(R, \square R, \ldots{}, \square^k R)$ gravity / 253 \\ Higher order point-like Lagrangians for cosmology / 253 \\ The Noether symmetry approach for higher order gravities / 256 \\ Conclusions / 260 \\ 7: Cosmology / 261 \\ Big Bang, inflationary, and late-time cosmology in GR / 262 \\ The standard Big Bang model / 263 \\ Inflation in the early universe / 263 \\ The present-day acceleration / 265 \\ Using cosmography to map the structure of the universe / 273 \\ The cosmographic apparatus / 274 \\ Large scale structure and galaxy clusters / 304 \\ The weak-field limit of $f(R)$ gravity and galaxy clusters / 305 \\ Extended systems / 306 \\ The cluster mass profiles / 307 \\ The galaxy clusters sample / 310 \\ The gas density model / 310 \\ Temperature profiles / 311 \\ The galaxy distribution model / 311 \\ Uncertainties in the mass profiles / 314 \\ Fitting the mass profiles / 314 \\ Results / 316 \\ Outlooks / 321 \\ Testing cosmological models with observations / 326 \\ Toward a new cosmological standard model / 327 \\ Methods to constrain models / 331 \\ Data samples for constraining models: large scale structure / 336 \\ Testing cosmological models: an example / 337 \\ Conclusions / 345 \\ 8: From the early to the present universe / 347 \\ Quantum cosmology / 347 \\ Noether symmetries in quantum cosmology / 350 \\ Scalar-tensor quantum cosmology / 352 \\ The quantum cosmology of fourth order gravity / 355 \\ Quantum cosmology with gravity of order higher than fourth / 359 \\ Inflation in ETGs / 362 \\ Scalar-tensor gravity: extended and hyperextended inflation / 362 \\ Inflation with quadratic corrections / 365 \\ Cosmological perturbations / 366 \\ Scalar perturbations / 367 \\ Gravitational wave perturbations / 376 \\ Constraints on ETGs from primordial nucleosynthesis / 381 \\ The present universe: $f(R)$ gravity as an alternative to dark energy / 384 \\ Background universe / 385 \\ Perturbations / 388 \\ Conclusions / 389 \\ A: Physical constants and astrophysical and cosmological parameters / 391 \\ Physical constants / 391 \\ Conversion factors / 392 \\ Astrophysical and cosmological.quantities / 392 \\ Planck scale quantities / 393 \\ B: The Noether symmetry approach to $f(R)$ gravity / 395 \\ The field equations and the Noether vector for spherically symmetric $f(R)$ gravity / 395 \\ Noether symmetries in metric $f(R)$ cosmology / 396 \\ C: The weak-field limit of metric $f(R)$ gravity / 399 \\ References / 401 \\ Index / 425

entry:
@Book{Capozziello:2011:BEG,
  author =       "Salvatore Capozziello and Valerio Faraoni",
  title =        "Beyond {Einstein} gravity: a survey of gravitational
                 theories for cosmology and astrophysics",
  volume =       "170",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xix + 428",
  year =         "2011",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0706-5",
  ISBN =         "94-007-0164-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-94-007-0164-9",
  ISSN =         "0168-1222",
  LCCN =         "QB335 .C37 2011; QC178 .C176 2011",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 19:26:22 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Fundamental theories of physics",
  abstract =     "\booktitle{Beyond Einstein's Gravity} is a graduate
                 level introduction to extended theories of gravity and
                 cosmology, including variational principles, the
                 weak-field limit, gravitational waves, mathematical
                 tools, exact solutions, as well as cosmological and
                 astrophysical applications. The book provides a
                 critical overview of the research in this area and
                 unifies the existing literature using a consistent
                 notation. Although the results apply in principle to
                 all alternative gravities, a special emphasis is on
                 scalar-tensor and $ f(R) $ theories. They were studied
                 by theoretical physicists from early on, and in the
                 1980s they appeared in attempts to renormalize General
                 Relativity and in models of the early universe.
                 Recently, these theories have seen a new lease of life,
                 in both their metric and metric-affine versions, as
                 models of the present acceleration of the universe
                 without introducing the mysterious and exotic dark
                 energy. The dark matter problem can also be addressed
                 in extended gravity. These applications are
                 contributing to a deeper understanding of the
                 gravitational interaction from both the theoretical and
                 the experimental point of view. An extensive
                 bibliography guides the reader into more detailed
                 literature on particular topics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "1: Extended gravity: a primer / 1 \\
                 Why extending gravity? / 1 \\
                 Cosmological and astrophysical motivation / 3 \\
                 Mathematical motivation / 6 \\
                 Quantum gravity motivation / 7 \\
                 Emergent gravity and thermodynamics of spacetime / 12
                 \\
                 What a good theory of gravity should do: General
                 Relativity and its extensions / 13 \\
                 Quantum field theory in curved space / 18 \\
                 Mach's principle and other fundamental issues / 23 \\
                 Higher order corrections to Einstein's theory / 25 \\
                 Minimal and non-minimal coupling and the Equivalence
                 Principle / 27 \\
                 Mach's principle and the variation of G / 32 \\
                 Extended gravity from higher dimensions and area metric
                 approach / 35 \\
                 Conclusions / 40 \\
                 2: Mathematical tools / 41 \\
                 Conformal transformations / 41 \\
                 Variational principles in General Relativity / 47 \\
                 Geodesies / 47 \\
                 Field equations / 49 \\
                 Adding torsion / 51 \\
                 Noether symmetries / 54 \\
                 Conclusions / 57 \\
                 3: The landscape beyond Einstein gravity / 59 \\
                 The variational principle and the field equations of
                 Brans--Dicke gravity / 59 \\
                 The variational principle and the field equations of
                 metric $f(R)$ gravity / 62 \\
                 $f(R) = R + \alpha R^2$ / 62 \\
                 Metric $f(R)$ gravity in general / 64 \\
                 A more general class of ETGs / 67 \\
                 The Palatini formalism / 67 \\
                 The Palatini approach and the conformal structure of
                 the theory / 68 \\
                 Problems with the Palatini formalism / 73 \\
                 Equivalence between $f(R)$ and scalar-tensor gravity /
                 77 \\
                 Equivalence between scalar-tensor and metric $f(R)$
                 gravity / 77 \\
                 Equivalence between scalar-tensor and Palatini $f(R)$
                 gravity / 78 \\
                 Conformal transformations applied to extended gravity /
                 79 \\
                 Brans--Dicke gravity / 79 \\
                 Scalar-tensor theories / 83 \\
                 Mixed $f(R)$/scalar-tensor gravity / 85 \\
                 The issue of the conformal frame / 86 \\
                 The initial value problem / 90 \\
                 The Cauchy problem of scalar-tensor gravity / 92 \\
                 The initial value problem of $f(R)$ gravity in the ADM
                 formulation / 97 \\
                 The Gaussian normal coordinates approach / 98 \\
                 Conclusions / 106 \\
                 4: Spherical symmetry / 107 \\
                 Spherically symmetric solutions of GR and metric $f(R)$
                 gravity / 107 \\
                 Spherical symmetry / 108 \\
                 The Ricci scalar in spherical symmetry / 109 \\
                 Spherical symmetry in metric $f(R)$ gravity / 110 \\
                 Solutions with constant Ricci scalar / 112 \\
                 Solutions with R = R(r) / 115 \\
                 Perturbations / 117 \\
                 Spherical symmetry in $f(R)$ gravity and the Noether
                 approach / 119 \\
                 Noether solutions of spherically symmetric $f(R)$
                 gravity / 124 \\
                 Non-asymptotically flat and non-static spherical
                 solutions of metric $f(R)$ gravity / 128 \\
                 Spherical symmetry in scalar-tensor gravity / 134 \\
                 Static solutions of Brans--Dicke theory / 134 \\
                 Dynamical and asymptotically FLRW solutions / 136 \\
                 Collapse to black holes in scalar-tensor theory / 137
                 \\
                 The Jebsen--Birkhoff theorem / 139 \\
                 The Jebsen--Birkhoff theorem of GR / 139 \\
                 The non-vacuum case / 140 \\
                 The vacuum case / 142 \\
                 The Jebsen--Birkhoff theorem in scalar-tensor gravity /
                 143 \\
                 The trivial case $\phi =$ constant / 144 \\
                 Static non-constant Brans--Dicke-like field / 145 \\
                 The Jebsen--Birkhoff theorem in Einstein frame
                 scalar-tensor gravity / 146 \\
                 Hawking's theorem and Jebsen--Birkhoff in Brans--Dicke
                 gravity / 148 \\
                 The Jebsen--Birkhoff theorem in $f(R)$ gravity / 150
                 \\
                 Black hole thermodynamics in extended gravity / 151 \\
                 Scalar-tensor gravity / 153 \\
                 Metric modified gravity / 155 \\
                 Palatini modified gravity / 156 \\
                 Dilaton gravity / 157 \\
                 From spherical to axial symmetry: an application to
                 $f(R)$ gravity / 158 \\
                 Conclusions / 163 \\
                 5: Weak-field limit / 165 \\
                 The weak-field limit of extended gravity / 165 \\
                 The Newtonian and post-Newtonian approximations:
                 general remarks / 167 \\
                 The Newtonian and post-Newtonian limits of metric
                 $f(R)$ gravity with spherical / 171 \\
                 symmetry Comparison with the standard formalism and the
                 chameleon effect / 180 \\
                 The Post-Minkowskian approximation / 185 \\
                 The energy-momentum pseudotensor in $f(R)$ gravity and
                 gravitational radiation / 187 \\
                 Gravitational waves / 190 \\
                 Gravitational waves in scalar-tensor gravity / 192 \\
                 Gravitational waves in higher order gravity / 195 \\
                 Conclusions / 208 \\
                 6: Qualitative analysis and exact solutions in
                 cosmology / 209 \\
                 The Ehlers--Geren--Sachs theorem / 209 \\
                 The phase space of FLRW cosmology in scalar-tensor and
                 $f(R)$ gravity / 210 \\
                 The dynamical system / 212 \\
                 Analytical solutions of Brans--Dicke and scalar-tensor
                 cosmology / 220 \\
                 Analytical solutions of Brans--Dicke cosmology / 221
                 \\
                 Exact scalar-tensor cosmologies / 232 \\
                 Analytical solutions of metric $f(R)$ cosmology by the
                 Noether approach / 233 \\
                 Point-like $f(R)$ cosmology / 233 \\
                 Noether symmetries in metric $f(R)$ cosmology / 235 \\
                 Exact cosmologies / 238 \\
                 $c$ / 243 \\
                 Analytical cosmological solutions of $f(R, \square R,
                 \ldots{}, \square^k R)$ gravity / 253 \\
                 Higher order point-like Lagrangians for cosmology / 253
                 \\
                 The Noether symmetry approach for higher order
                 gravities / 256 \\
                 Conclusions / 260 \\
                 7: Cosmology / 261 \\
                 Big Bang, inflationary, and late-time cosmology in GR /
                 262 \\
                 The standard Big Bang model / 263 \\
                 Inflation in the early universe / 263 \\
                 The present-day acceleration / 265 \\
                 Using cosmography to map the structure of the universe
                 / 273 \\
                 The cosmographic apparatus / 274 \\
                 Large scale structure and galaxy clusters / 304 \\
                 The weak-field limit of $f(R)$ gravity and galaxy
                 clusters / 305 \\
                 Extended systems / 306 \\
                 The cluster mass profiles / 307 \\
                 The galaxy clusters sample / 310 \\
                 The gas density model / 310 \\
                 Temperature profiles / 311 \\
                 The galaxy distribution model / 311 \\
                 Uncertainties in the mass profiles / 314 \\
                 Fitting the mass profiles / 314 \\
                 Results / 316 \\
                 Outlooks / 321 \\
                 Testing cosmological models with observations / 326 \\
                 Toward a new cosmological standard model / 327 \\
                 Methods to constrain models / 331 \\
                 Data samples for constraining models: large scale
                 structure / 336 \\
                 Testing cosmological models: an example / 337 \\
                 Conclusions / 345 \\
                 8: From the early to the present universe / 347 \\
                 Quantum cosmology / 347 \\
                 Noether symmetries in quantum cosmology / 350 \\
                 Scalar-tensor quantum cosmology / 352 \\
                 The quantum cosmology of fourth order gravity / 355 \\
                 Quantum cosmology with gravity of order higher than
                 fourth / 359 \\
                 Inflation in ETGs / 362 \\
                 Scalar-tensor gravity: extended and hyperextended
                 inflation / 362 \\
                 Inflation with quadratic corrections / 365 \\
                 Cosmological perturbations / 366 \\
                 Scalar perturbations / 367 \\
                 Gravitational wave perturbations / 376 \\
                 Constraints on ETGs from primordial nucleosynthesis /
                 381 \\
                 The present universe: $f(R)$ gravity as an alternative
                 to dark energy / 384 \\
                 Background universe / 385 \\
                 Perturbations / 388 \\
                 Conclusions / 389 \\
                 A: Physical constants and astrophysical and
                 cosmological parameters / 391 \\
                 Physical constants / 391 \\
                 Conversion factors / 392 \\
                 Astrophysical and cosmological.quantities / 392 \\
                 Planck scale quantities / 393 \\
                 B: The Noether symmetry approach to $f(R)$ gravity /
                 395 \\
                 The field equations and the Noether vector for
                 spherically symmetric $f(R)$ gravity / 395 \\
                 Noether symmetries in metric $f(R)$ cosmology / 396 \\
                 C: The weak-field limit of metric $f(R)$ gravity / 399
                 \\
                 References / 401 \\
                 Index / 425",
}


