Date: 09 Nov 91 00:30:03 EST
From: Steven Minta <73477.250@compuserve.com>
To: <lewis@amath.washington.edu>
Subject: Text Transfer Attempt2
Message-Id: <911109053003_73477.250_DHE29-1@CompuServe.COM>

Mark,
Call me as to how some of these may be cited; a few are 
thrown in for your interest.
Steve

Bekoff, M.  1987.  Group living, natal philopatry, and 
Lindstrom's lottery: It's all in the family. Trends Ecol. 
Evol. 2:115-116.
Benhamou, S.  1989.  An olfactory orientation model for 
mammals' movements in their home ranges.  J. Theor. Biol. 
139(3):379-388.
Bertram, B. C. R.  1978.  Pride of lions.  Charles Scribner's 
Sons.  New York, NY. 234 pp.
Caraco, T. and Wolf, L. L.  1975.  Ecological determinants of 
group sizes of foraging lions.  Am. Nat. 109:343-352.
Frame, G. W.  1986.  Carnivore competition and resource use 
in Serengeti ecosystem of Tanzania.  Ph.D. Dissertation.  
Utah State University, Logan.  396 pp.
Frame, L. H., Malcolm, J. R. Frame, G. W. and Van Lawick, H.  
1979.  Social organization of African wild dogs (Lycaon 
pictus) on the Serengeti Plains, Tanzania 1967-1978.  Zeit. 
Tierpsychol., 50:225-249.
Giraldeau, L.-A.  1988.  The stable group and the 
determinants of foraging group size.  Pages 33-53 in C. N. 
Slobodchikoff, ed.  The ecology of social behavior.  Academic 
Press.  San Diego, CA.
Gittleman, J. L.  1989.  Carnivore group living: comparative 
trends.  Pages 183-207 in J. L. Gittleman, ed.  Carnivore 
behavior, ecology, and evolution.  Cornell University Press.  
Ithaca, NY.
Gorman, M. L.  1990.  Scent marking strategies in mammals.  
Rev. Suisse Zool. 97:3-29.
Gorman, M. L., and B. J. Trowbridge.  1989.  The role of odor 
in the social lives of carnivores.  Pages 57-88 in J. L. 
Gittleman, ed.  Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution.  
Cornell University Press.  Ithaca, NY.
Gosling, L. M.  1986.  Economic consequences of scent marking 
in mammalian territoriality.  Pages 385-395 in D. Duvall, D. 
Muller-Schwarze, and R. M. Silverstein, eds.  Chemical 
signals in vertebrates, Vol. 4.  Plenum Publishing Corp.  New 
York, NY.
Gosling, L. M., and H. V. McKay.  1990.  Competitor 
assessment by scent matching: an experimental test.  Behav. 
Ecol. Sociobiol.  26:415-420.
Hall, R. L. and H. S. Sharp, eds.  1978.  Wolf and Man: 
Evolution in Parallel.  Academic Press.  New York, NY.
King, G. E.  1976.  Socioterritorial units and interspecific 
competition: modern carnivores and early hominids.  J. 
Anthrop. Res., 32(3):276-24.
Kruuk, H.  1972.  The Spotted Hyena: A Study of Predation and 
Social Behavior.  Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago.
Kruuk, H.  1975.  Functional aspects of social hunting by 
carnivores.  Pages 119-141, in Function and Evolution in 
Behavior (Baerands, G. P., Beer, C. and Manning, A., eds.). 
Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Kruuk, H.  1989.  The social badger: ecology and behaviour of 
a group-living carnivore (Meles meles).  Oxford University 
Press.  New York, NY.  155 pp.
Lamprecht, J.  1978a.  On diet, foraging behavior and 
interspecific food competition of jackals on the Serengeti 
National Park, East Africa.  Zeit. Saugetierkd., 43:210-223.
Lamprecht, J.  1981.  The function of social hunting in 
larger terrestrial carnivores.  Mammal Reviews 11:169-179.
Lindstrom, E.  1986.  Territory inheritance and the evolution 
of group-living in carnivores.  Anim. Behav. 34:1825-1835.
A comparison of the fitness of both adults and subadults (at 
different rates of population growth and adult survival) who 
either do or do not choose the strategy of building up a 
group, indicates that groups are favoured in decreasing to 
slightly increasing populations at moderate to high (>0.5) 
annual rates of adult survival. Furthermore, an analysis of 
maximum group size under the Territory Inheritance Hypothesis 
suggest that groups of five or more adults should split up.
Macdonald, D. W.  1983.  The ecology of carnivore social 
behaviour.  Nature 301:379-384.
Resource dispersion hypothesis for social carnivores.
Macdonald, D. W.  1984.  Carnivore social behavior Q does it 
need patches?  Nature 307:389-390.
Reply to Von Schantz of same title.
Macdonald, D. W.  1985.  The carnivores: Order Carnivora.  
Pages 619-722 in R. E. Brown and D. W. Macdonald, eds.  
Social odours in mammals.  Clarendon Press.  Oxford, U. K.
Mills, M. G. L.  1990.  Kalahari hyaenas: the behavioural 
ecology of two species.  Unwin Hyman.  London, U.K.
Moehlman, P. D.  1986.  Ecology of cooperation in canids.  
Pages 64-86 in D. I. Rubenstein, and R. W. Wrangham, eds.  
Ecological aspects of social evolution: birds and mammals.  
Princeton Univ. Press.  Princeton, NJ.
Moehlman, P. D.  1989.  Intraspecific variation in canid 
social systems.  Pages 143-163 in J. L. Gittleman, ed.  
Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution.  Cornell 
University Press.  Ithaca, NY.
Nudds, T. D.  1978.  Convergence of group size strategies by 
mammalian social carnivores.  Am. Nat., 112:957-960.
Rasa, O. A. E.  1977.  The ethology and sociology of the 
dwarf mongoose (Helogale undulata rufula).  Zeit. 
Tierpsychol., 43:337-406.
Rodman, P. S.  1981.  Inclusive fitness and group size with a 
reconsideration of group sizes in lions and wolves.  Am. 
Nat., 118:275-283.
Rood, J. P.  1986.  Ecology and social evolution in the 
mongooses.  Pages 131-152 in D. I. Rubenstein, and R. W. 
Wrangham, eds.  Ecological aspects of social evolution: birds 
and mammals.  Princeton Univ. Press.  Princeton, NJ.
Schaller, G. B.  1972.  The Serengeti Lion.  Univ. of Chicago 
Press.  Chicago. IL.
Scheel, D., Packer, C.  1991.  Group Hunting Behaviour of 
Lions - A Search for Cooperation.  Anim Behav. 41:697-709.
Stamps, J. A.  1990.  The effect of contender pressure on 
territory size and overlap in seasonally territorial species.  
Am. Nat. 135:614-632.
Stamps, J. A.  1991.  The effect of conspecifics on habitat 
selection in territorial species.  Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 
28:29-36.
Stamps, J. A., and K. Tollestrup.  1984.  Prospective 
resource defense in a territorial species.  Am. Nat. 123:99-
114.
Prospective resource defense, or present defense of resources 
which will be required in the future, has been tested for 
territorial juvenile lizards.  In Anolis aeneus, ontogenetic 
and sexual changes in aggression toward territorial intruders 
can best be explained by changes in both immediate and 
prospective resource values.
Stamps, J. A., and M. Buechner.  1985.  The territorial 
defense hypothesis and the ecology of insular vertebrates.  
Quart. Rev. Biol. 60:155-181.
Stamps, J. A., M. Buechner, and V. V. Krishnan.  1987.  The 
effects of edge permeability and habitat geometry on 
emigration from patches of habitat.  Am. Nat. 129:533-552.
Two factors were investigated that may affect emigration from 
insular patches of habitat, where emigration is the 
proportion of dispersing individuals that leave the habitat 
patch.  Edge permeability reflects the tendency of a 
disperser reaching the edge of a habitat patch to cross the 
boundary and emigrate.  Edge-to-size ratio is the proportion 
of home ranges at the edge of a habitat patch.  When habitats 
have relatively hard edges, edge permeability is a more 
important determinant of emigration.  Conversely, when 
habitats have relatively soft edges, the edge-to-size ratio 
is the more important determinant of emigration.
Stamps, J. A., M. Buechner, and V. V. Krishnan.  1987.  The 
effects of habitat geometry on territorial defense costs: 
intruder pressure in bounded habitats.  Amer. Zool. 27:307-
325.