Entry Dolamic:2010:CSI from talip.bib
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BibTeX entry
@Article{Dolamic:2010:CSI,
author = "Ljiljana Dolamic and Jacques Savoy",
title = "Comparative Study of Indexing and Search Strategies
for the {Hindi}, {Marathi}, and {Bengali} Languages",
journal = j-TALIP,
volume = "9",
number = "3",
pages = "11:1--11:??",
month = sep,
year = "2010",
CODEN = "????",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/1838745.1838748",
ISSN = "1530-0226 (print), 1558-3430 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "1530-0226",
bibdate = "Sat Sep 18 15:58:58 MDT 2010",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/talip.bib",
abstract = "The main goal of this article is to describe and
evaluate various indexing and search strategies for the
Hindi, Bengali, and Marathi languages. These three
languages are ranked among the world's 20 most spoken
languages and they share similar syntax, morphology,
and writing systems. In this article we examine these
languages from an Information Retrieval (IR)
perspective through describing the key elements of
their inflectional and derivational morphologies, and
suggest a light and more aggressive stemming approach
based on them.\par
In our evaluation of these stemming strategies we make
use of the FIRE 2008 test collections, and then to
broaden our comparisons we implement and evaluate two
language independent indexing methods: the $n$-gram and
trunc-$n$ (truncation of the first $n$ letters). We
evaluate these solutions by applying our various IR
models, including the Okapi, Divergence from Randomness
(DFR) and statistical language models (LM) together
with two classical vector-space approaches: {\em tf
idf\/} and {\em Lnu-ltc}.\par
Experiments performed with all three languages
demonstrate that the I(n$_e$)C2 model derived from the
Divergence from Randomness paradigm tends to provide
the best mean average precision (MAP). Our own tests
suggest that improved retrieval effectiveness would be
obtained by applying more aggressive stemmers,
especially those accounting for certain derivational
suffixes, compared to those involving a light stemmer
or ignoring this type of word normalization procedure.
Comparisons between no stemming and stemming indexing
schemes shows that performance differences are almost
always statistically significant. When, for example, an
aggressive stemmer is applied, the relative
improvements obtained are $\approx$28\% for the Hindi
language, $\approx$42\% for Marathi, and $\approx$18\%
for Bengali, as compared to a no-stemming approach.
Based on a comparison of word-based and
language-independent approaches we find that the
trunc-4 indexing scheme tends to result in performance
levels statistically similar to those of an aggressive
stemmer, yet better than the 4-gram indexing scheme. A
query-by-query analysis reveals the reasons for this,
and also demonstrates the advantage of applying a
stemming or a trunc-4 indexing scheme.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
articleno = "11",
fjournal = "ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information
Processing",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?&idx=J820",
keywords = "Bengali language; Hindi language; Indic languages;
Marathi language; natural language processing with
Indo-European languages; search engines for Asian
languages; stemmer",
}
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11(3)8,
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7(4)12,
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8(3)11,
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8(4)19,
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9(2)5,
9(2)6,
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12(4)14
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11(2)5,
11(4)18,
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12(1)2,
12(1)3,
12(4)14,
13(4)18
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7(3)9,
11(2)6,
12(4)14,
13(2)7
- evaluate,
5(2)121,
7(2)5,
7(2)7,
8(2)8,
9(1)3,
11(4)18,
12(1)2,
12(3)10,
13(2)7
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3(4)243,
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7(2)7,
7(4)13,
8(2)6,
8(3)12,
8(4)15,
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9(3)10,
9(3)12,
9(4)14,
10(3)15,
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11(4)13,
11(4)18,
12(2)6,
12(4)15,
13(1)1
- examine,
7(4)11,
10(3)13,
13(2)6
- example,
6(3)10,
6(4)2,
12(2)7,
12(3)9,
13(1)3
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2(2)101,
2(2)143,
5(2)146,
5(2)165,
5(3)245,
6(2)7,
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12(4)16,
12(4)17,
13(1)2,
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13(2)6,
13(2)8,
13(3)13,
13(4)18
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5(2)89,
6(4)2,
7(3)8,
9(2)7,
11(3)8,
11(3)9,
12(2)5,
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9(3)10,
9(3)12
- first,
5(2)165,
6(2)6,
6(4)3,
7(1)1,
7(3)8,
7(3)10,
8(2)7,
8(3)10,
8(3)11,
8(4)19,
9(3)10,
10(3)13,
11(2)6,
11(2)7,
11(3)8,
11(3)9,
11(3)11,
12(1)3,
12(1)4,
12(2)5,
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12(4)17,
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13(2)9,
13(3)13,
13(4)17
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8(4)17,
10(4)20,
12(1)3
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3(2)113,
6(2)6,
9(2)5,
9(2)7,
11(2)7,
12(1)1,
12(4)15
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2(2)85,
2(2)118,
2(2)130,
2(2)164,
2(3)169,
2(3)193,
2(3)219,
2(3)245,
2(3)270,
2(3)290,
9(3)12,
9(4)14,
10(2)9,
13(2)8
- implement,
7(3)9,
7(4)12,
8(4)15,
9(2)6
- improved,
6(3)9,
7(4)12,
8(2)6,
8(2)7,
10(1)3,
10(4)17,
11(3)10,
12(4)14,
12(4)17
- improvement,
4(3)280,
5(2)121,
6(2)7,
7(1)2,
7(1)3,
7(3)8,
7(3)10,
8(1)4,
8(3)10,
8(4)15,
8(4)16,
9(1)3,
10(2)8,
11(4)17,
11(4)18,
12(1)1,
12(2)7,
12(3)11,
13(3)12,
13(3)14,
13(4)16,
13(4)17
- including,
5(2)121,
6(2)7,
7(1)3,
7(2)7,
8(1)3,
8(2)6,
9(1)1,
9(2)7,
10(3)12,
11(4)18,
13(4)16
- independent,
4(1)1
- independent, language-,
5(2)89,
9(3)12
- indexing,
1(3)225,
6(2)8,
7(4)11,
9(3)12,
11(3)11
- Indic,
7(3)9,
12(2)6
- Indo-European,
7(3)9,
11(2)6,
12(4)14,
13(2)7
- inflectional,
6(3)9,
7(3)9,
10(1)4,
10(2)8
- information,
1(1)65,
1(1)83,
1(4)281,
2(3)245,
2(3)295,
3(1)1,
3(4)227,
4(2)57,
4(2)78,
4(3)243,
4(3)357,
4(4)375,
4(4)475,
5(1)44,
5(2)89,
5(3)264,
5(4)291,
5(4)296,
5(4)323,
6(2)7,
6(4)2,
7(1)2,
7(1)3,
7(2)5,
7(3)8,
7(4)12,
8(1)2,
8(1)3,
8(3)10,
8(3)11,
8(4)15,
8(4)16,
8(4)17,
9(1)1,
9(2)7,
9(3)9,
9(3)10,
9(3)12,
9(4)13,
9(4)14,
9(4)15,
10(2)8,
10(2)10,
10(3)15,
10(3)16,
10(4)19,
10(4)20,
10(4)21,
11(1)2,
11(2)6,
11(2)7,
11(4)15,
11(4)18,
12(2)5,
12(3)11,
12(4)16,
13(2)7,
13(3)13
- involving,
10(1)2
- IR,
4(3)340,
7(3)8,
8(1)2,
9(3)10,
9(3)12,
13(2)7
- key,
6(2)6,
7(1)2,
8(3)12,
12(3)11,
13(4)18
- language-independent,
5(2)89,
9(3)12
- letters,
13(3)14
- level,
5(2)89,
8(4)15,
10(3)12,
11(3)8,
12(3)9,
13(1)3,
13(1)4,
13(3)12,
13(4)17
- light,
9(1)3
- LM,
8(1)2,
9(2)7
- main,
6(3)9,
7(1)1,
7(1)2,
8(2)7,
8(3)12,
11(3)8,
12(4)16,
13(1)4
- make,
6(4)2,
7(3)9,
8(2)9,
11(2)6,
11(4)15,
12(4)14,
12(4)15,
13(1)1,
13(1)3,
13(2)8
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9(3)12
- mean,
6(3)11,
7(2)6,
10(1)3,
12(3)11,
13(2)6,
13(4)17
- more,
5(2)146,
6(2)7,
6(3)10,
7(3)9,
7(4)13,
8(1)4,
8(2)7,
8(3)12,
8(4)14,
8(4)16,
9(1)2,
9(2)6,
9(3)12,
10(1)4,
10(4)19,
11(2)4,
11(2)7,
12(1)1,
12(1)2,
12(3)9,
13(1)1,
13(1)3,
13(1)4,
13(2)8,
13(4)18
- morphology,
7(3)9,
8(4)14,
8(4)16,
10(1)4
- most,
6(2)6,
7(1)1,
7(3)8,
7(3)10,
8(4)15,
9(1)1,
9(2)5,
10(1)5,
10(2)8,
12(1)1,
12(1)2,
13(1)1,
13(1)4,
13(2)6,
13(3)14,
13(4)18
- natural,
1(2)123,
3(1)11,
5(2)121,
5(4)291,
6(2)7,
7(1)1,
7(4)13,
8(1)2,
8(2)9,
8(4)13,
8(4)14,
8(4)16,
8(4)19,
9(2)6,
9(4)15,
10(3)14,
10(4)20,
11(1)2,
11(4)14,
11(4)15,
12(1)3,
13(3)14
- normalization,
5(3)245,
8(4)19,
10(2)8,
12(3)11,
13(2)7,
13(3)14
- obtained,
6(3)9,
7(2)7,
8(2)9,
8(3)11,
8(4)17,
11(4)16,
11(4)17,
12(3)10,
12(4)17,
13(1)4
- own,
12(1)3
- paradigm,
11(3)11
- performance,
5(2)121,
5(2)165,
6(2)8,
6(3)9,
6(4)1,
6(4)3,
7(1)1,
7(1)2,
7(2)5,
7(2)6,
7(2)7,
7(3)9,
7(3)10,
7(4)13,
8(1)2,
8(1)3,
8(2)7,
8(2)8,
8(2)9,
8(3)10,
8(4)16,
8(4)17,
8(4)18,
9(1)2,
9(1)4,
9(2)5,
9(2)6,
9(3)12,
9(4)14,
10(2)8,
10(3)13,
10(3)14,
11(2)7,
11(3)10,
11(3)11,
11(4)14,
11(4)15,
11(4)17,
12(1)2,
12(3)9,
12(3)11,
12(4)14,
12(4)15,
12(4)16,
13(1)3,
13(1)4,
13(2)7,
13(2)9,
13(4)16,
13(4)17
- performed,
7(3)10,
8(1)2,
10(1)2,
12(2)7,
13(2)6,
13(4)17
- perspective,
9(2)6,
10(4)20,
12(4)13,
13(1)5,
13(2)10
- precision,
7(3)9,
10(2)8,
11(3)11,
11(4)18,
12(1)1,
13(2)6
- procedure,
6(3)10,
9(1)3
- processing,
3(1)1,
3(4)213,
4(4)375,
5(2)121,
5(4)291,
6(2)7,
6(3)9,
6(3)10,
6(4)3,
7(1)1,
7(1)3,
7(2)7,
7(4)13,
8(1)2,
8(2)9,
8(4)13,
8(4)14,
8(4)16,
8(4)18,
8(4)19,
9(2)5,
9(2)6,
9(4)15,
10(3)11,
10(3)14,
10(4)20,
11(1)2,
11(3)9,
11(4)15,
12(1)3,
12(3)10,
13(1)1,
13(2)7
- provide,
7(1)2,
8(2)9,
8(3)10,
8(3)12,
9(2)5,
9(3)12,
9(4)13,
12(1)2,
12(1)3,
12(4)14
- ranked,
10(3)16,
12(4)15
- relative,
7(3)10,
8(2)7,
12(1)2,
12(3)9,
13(1)2
- result,
4(2)135,
5(2)121,
5(2)146,
5(2)165,
6(2)6,
6(2)7,
6(3)9,
6(3)11,
6(4)3,
7(1)2,
7(2)5,
7(2)6,
7(2)7,
7(3)8,
7(3)10,
7(4)11,
7(4)12,
7(4)13,
8(1)2,
8(1)3,
8(1)4,
8(2)6,
8(2)9,
8(3)10,
8(3)12,
8(4)14,
8(4)15,
8(4)16,
8(4)17,
8(4)18,
8(4)19,
9(1)1,
9(1)2,
9(2)5,
9(2)6,
9(2)7,
9(3)12,
9(4)14,
10(1)2,
10(2)7,
11(2)4,
11(2)5,
11(3)8,
11(3)9,
11(3)11,
11(4)13,
11(4)14,
11(4)15,
12(1)3,
12(1)4,
12(2)5,
12(2)7,
12(3)9,
12(3)10,
12(3)11,
12(4)14,
12(4)16,
13(1)1,
13(1)4,
13(2)6,
13(2)7,
13(2)9,
13(3)11,
13(3)12,
13(3)14
- retrieval,
1(3)225,
1(4)281,
2(1)1,
2(2)164,
3(2)128,
4(1)1,
4(2)57,
4(2)78,
4(2)135,
4(2)186,
4(3)340,
4(3)357,
4(4)377,
4(4)475,
5(2)89,
5(3)264,
5(4)296,
5(4)323,
6(2)8,
6(4)2,
7(2)5,
7(3)8,
7(4)12,
8(1)1,
8(1)2,
9(1)1,
9(3)9,
9(3)10,
9(3)12,
9(4)13,
9(4)14,
10(2)8,
10(4)20,
11(1)2,
11(3)11,
13(2)6,
13(2)7,
13(3)13,
13(4)18
- reveal,
9(2)7,
13(3)11,
13(3)13
- Savoy, Jacques,
4(2)159
- scheme,
6(2)8,
8(3)11,
8(4)16,
10(1)6,
12(1)4,
13(2)9,
13(4)18
- schemes,
8(4)16,
9(1)4,
13(3)13
- search,
2(3)219,
4(2)159,
4(3)280,
6(2)8,
6(4)2,
7(3)8,
8(1)2,
8(2)8,
8(3)12,
9(1)1,
10(2)9,
10(3)16,
11(3)8,
11(3)11
- share,
12(4)16
- show,
5(2)89,
5(2)146,
7(1)1,
7(1)2,
7(1)3,
7(4)11,
7(4)12,
7(4)13,
8(1)4,
8(2)7,
8(2)9,
8(3)12,
8(4)16,
8(4)17,
9(1)1,
9(1)2,
9(1)3,
9(2)5,
9(2)6,
9(2)7,
9(3)12,
9(4)14,
10(1)3,
10(3)15,
11(2)4,
11(2)5,
11(2)7,
11(3)8,
11(3)11,
11(4)14,
11(4)15,
11(4)17,
11(4)18,
12(1)2,
12(1)4,
12(2)5,
12(2)7,
12(3)9,
12(3)10,
12(3)11,
12(4)15,
12(4)16,
13(1)3,
13(2)6,
13(2)7,
13(2)9,
13(3)14
- significant,
5(2)121,
7(1)3,
8(1)4,
8(4)15,
8(4)16,
8(4)17,
8(4)18,
9(2)5,
10(1)5,
10(2)8,
10(3)14,
11(2)6,
11(2)7,
12(1)1,
12(4)16,
13(1)3,
13(3)14,
13(4)16
- similar,
5(2)146,
7(3)8,
7(4)11,
8(3)12,
9(3)12,
10(1)2,
10(2)10,
11(2)6,
11(3)11,
12(1)2,
12(4)17,
13(2)8
- solution,
6(3)10,
8(2)9,
8(3)12,
8(4)14,
8(4)19,
12(1)2,
12(2)5,
12(2)6
- spoken,
2(1)1,
3(2)128,
6(3)10,
7(1)2,
7(3)9,
8(1)1,
8(1)2,
8(1)3,
8(1)4,
8(4)18,
12(2)6,
13(2)7
- statistical,
1(1)3,
3(2)87,
3(4)243,
5(2)121,
5(4)323,
5(4)360,
6(1)z-4,
7(1)1,
8(1)2,
8(1)4,
8(2)6,
8(2)7,
8(2)8,
8(2)9,
8(3)10,
8(4)15,
8(4)19,
9(2)6,
9(2)7,
10(4)18,
11(2)6,
11(2)7,
11(3)8,
11(4)15,
12(1)1,
12(3)12,
12(4)14,
12(4)16,
12(4)17,
13(1)2,
13(1)3,
13(1)4,
13(4)17
- statistically,
7(4)13,
8(4)16,
11(2)6
- stemmer,
9(3)12,
10(2)8,
13(2)6,
13(2)7
- stemming,
6(4)2,
9(3)12,
10(2)8,
13(2)7,
13(3)14
- strategy,
1(3)225,
3(4)215,
4(2)78,
6(4)3,
8(1)4,
12(1)2,
12(1)4,
13(1)1,
13(1)2,
13(1)3
- study,
4(2)159,
4(3)243,
5(2)121,
5(2)146,
5(2)165,
5(3)209,
6(2)6,
6(2)7,
8(1)3,
8(1)4,
8(4)16,
9(2)5,
9(2)6,
9(2)7,
10(2)10,
10(3)12,
10(4)17,
10(4)18,
11(1)3,
11(2)6,
11(3)9,
11(3)11,
11(4)14,
13(1)3,
13(2)7,
13(3)11,
13(3)12,
13(3)14
- suffix,
6(4)2,
7(3)9,
8(4)16,
12(3)11,
13(3)14
- suggest,
9(1)3,
11(4)14,
13(2)10,
13(3)11
- syntax,
12(3)11,
12(3)12
- tend,
7(3)8,
12(3)9
- test,
6(2)6,
7(2)5,
9(1)3,
9(3)10,
11(4)13,
12(3)9,
13(1)4,
13(2)7,
13(3)13,
13(4)17
- than,
5(2)146,
6(3)10,
7(3)8,
7(4)11,
7(4)13,
8(2)8,
8(4)16,
9(1)2,
9(2)7,
9(3)12,
10(1)3,
10(1)4,
10(3)14,
11(2)4,
11(2)7,
11(3)8,
11(3)9,
11(4)13,
11(4)15,
12(2)7,
12(3)10,
12(4)16,
13(1)1,
13(4)17
- then,
5(2)121,
6(2)6,
7(1)1,
7(3)10,
7(4)12,
8(1)4,
8(2)7,
8(3)10,
8(3)11,
8(3)12,
8(4)14,
9(1)1,
9(2)7,
10(2)7,
10(3)13,
10(4)20,
11(1)3,
11(2)7,
11(3)11,
11(4)15,
12(1)3,
12(3)10,
12(4)17,
13(1)4,
13(2)9,
13(3)13,
13(4)16
- three,
1(2)145,
5(2)165,
7(2)7,
7(3)8,
8(1)4,
8(3)12,
9(2)5,
9(2)6,
10(1)5,
10(4)18,
11(4)17,
13(3)11,
13(4)16
- through,
6(4)2,
7(4)13,
8(2)9,
10(3)12,
11(2)4,
11(3)10,
13(1)3
- together,
6(3)11,
7(2)6,
7(3)8,
8(3)12,
10(3)12,
12(3)9
- two,
5(2)89,
7(2)7,
7(3)8,
7(4)11,
7(4)12,
7(4)13,
8(1)4,
8(2)7,
8(4)17,
9(1)2,
9(4)13,
10(1)2,
10(3)12,
10(3)14,
10(3)15,
10(4)20,
11(2)4,
11(2)5,
11(2)7,
11(3)8,
11(3)9,
11(3)11,
11(4)17,
12(1)1,
12(1)2,
12(1)4,
12(2)5,
12(3)10,
12(3)11,
12(4)16,
13(1)1,
13(1)3,
13(1)4,
13(2)6,
13(2)9,
13(3)11,
13(4)17
- type,
7(4)11,
8(4)17,
9(2)6,
9(3)12,
10(4)19,
11(1)2,
11(1)3,
11(4)18,
12(3)10,
12(3)11,
13(1)3,
13(2)6,
13(3)11
- use,
4(2)159,
5(2)89,
5(2)146,
6(2)8,
6(3)11,
7(2)6,
7(3)9,
7(4)11,
7(4)12,
8(1)3,
8(2)9,
8(3)10,
8(3)11,
9(1)1,
9(1)3,
10(1)3,
10(1)4,
11(1)1,
11(2)6,
11(2)7,
11(3)8,
11(3)10,
11(4)14,
11(4)18,
12(1)1,
12(2)6,
12(3)9,
12(3)10,
13(2)6,
13(2)9,
13(2)10,
13(3)12
- various,
7(2)5,
8(1)3,
9(3)10,
10(2)9,
10(3)13,
10(3)15,
10(4)19,
11(2)5,
11(4)14,
12(2)6,
13(2)6,
13(2)10
- when,
5(2)89,
6(3)9,
6(3)11,
7(2)6,
7(4)11,
7(4)13,
8(1)3,
8(4)16,
8(4)17,
9(1)3,
9(2)5,
9(3)12,
9(4)13,
11(2)4,
12(1)2,
12(4)14,
13(2)8,
13(3)12
- word-based,
1(3)173,
1(4)297,
6(3)9,
9(2)7,
11(2)7
- world,
5(2)89,
6(3)10,
8(2)9,
9(1)1,
9(4)13,
11(4)18,
12(2)6,
13(4)18
- would,
8(4)14,
9(2)7,
10(1)5,
12(3)9,
12(3)11
- writing,
12(4)15,
13(2)6,
13(3)12
- yet,
8(1)2