Entry Moursund:1977:CMG from sigcse1970.bib
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BibTeX entry
@Article{Moursund:1977:CMG,
author = "David Moursund",
title = "Calculator metaphors, and goals for calculator
education in elementary schools",
journal = j-SIGCSE,
volume = "9",
number = "1",
pages = "100--103",
month = feb,
year = "1977",
CODEN = "SIGSD3",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/382063.803368",
ISSN = "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0097-8418",
bibdate = "Sun Nov 18 08:53:56 MST 2012",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1970.bib",
note = "Special issue for the Seventh Technical Symposium on
Computer Science Education.",
abstract = "Computers are not easy to understand. Even a computer
scientist who devotes full time to the field cannot
hope to fully comprehend the capabilities, limitations,
applications, and implications of these machines.
Joseph Weizenbaum, in his recent book Computer Power
and Human Reason (1), suggests that most people
``understand'' computers via what he calls a computer
metaphor. Weizenbaum quotes I. A. Richards, who says a
metaphor is ``fundamentally a borrowing between and
intercourse of thoughts, a transaction between
contexts.'' That is, a metaphor is an analogy, a
simile, a model; it is designed to relate the unknown
to the known. There are many possible computer
metaphors. Weizenbaum makes the point that many people
have accepted one particular computer metaphor, and
that it is a particularly misleading one. Computer
scientists think of a computer as a machine that can
carry out an effective procedure. The words procedure
and effective procedure have meaning to non-computer
scientists. They can see that humans carry out
procedures, or that many activities of humans can be
thought of as execution of effective procedures. The
effective procedure computer metaphor thus leads to the
belief that humans and computers are quite similar in
their capabilities and in the way they solve
problems.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
Computer Science Education)",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}
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9(1)165,
9(1)168,
9(1)173,
9(1)175,
9(1)178,
9(1)180,
9(1)184
- similar,
3(3)15,
3(4)24,
5(1)6,
8(1)86,
8(4)15,
9(1)6,
9(1)69,
9(1)162,
10(3)45,
10(4)28,
11(1)82,
11(1)131,
11(1)228,
11(1)236
- solve,
5(1)45,
5(1)119,
6(1)81,
7(1)56,
7(2)33,
8(1)17,
8(1)325,
8(3)78,
9(1)85,
9(1)145,
9(1)165,
9(1)168,
9(3)1,
10(1)178,
11(4)49
- special,
2(4)41,
5(1)6,
5(1)18,
5(1)173,
7(2)67,
7(3)12,
8(1)267,
9(1)1,
9(1)6,
9(1)13,
9(1)22,
9(1)26,
9(1)31,
9(1)37,
9(1)53,
9(1)59,
9(1)63,
9(1)69,
9(1)73,
9(1)77,
9(1)85,
9(1)88,
9(1)93,
9(1)96,
9(1)104,
9(1)108,
9(1)113,
9(1)119,
9(1)123,
9(1)129,
9(1)133,
9(1)139,
9(1)142,
9(1)145,
9(1)151,
9(1)154,
9(1)157,
9(1)162,
9(1)165,
9(1)168,
9(1)173,
9(1)175,
9(1)178,
9(1)180,
9(1)184,
9(2)1,
9(3)1,
9(3)6,
9(3)10,
9(3)16,
9(3)21,
9(3)28,
9(3)30,
9(3)34,
9(3)39,
9(3)43,
9(3)49,
9(3)51,
9(3)56,
9(3)59,
9(3)63,
9(3)66,
9(3)74,
9(3)79,
10(1)99,
10(1)266,
10(3)80,
10(3)126,
10(4)24,
11(1)131
- suggest,
5(1)153,
6(1)47,
6(1)125,
7(1)143,
7(1)172,
8(1)24,
8(3)5,
8(3)12,
9(3)74,
10(1)86,
10(3)136,
11(1)168,
11(3)9
- there,
2(3)61,
2(4)41,
3(4)24,
4(2)10,
5(1)18,
5(1)24,
5(1)26,
5(1)70,
5(1)115,
5(1)134,
5(1)145,
5(1)166,
5(2)33,
6(1)28,
6(1)40,
6(1)116,
6(1)125,
7(1)7,
7(1)79,
7(1)133,
7(1)143,
7(2)21,
7(4)19,
8(1)35,
8(1)74,
8(1)137,
8(1)212,
8(1)253,
8(1)284,
8(1)298,
8(1)313,
8(1)382,
8(3)22,
8(3)26,
8(3)67,
8(3)78,
8(3)95,
8(3)102,
8(4)26,
9(1)59,
9(1)151,
9(1)168,
9(1)184,
9(3)16,
9(3)51,
9(3)59,
9(3)74,
10(1)36,
10(1)119,
10(1)177,
10(1)183,
10(1)260,
10(1)266,
10(3)45,
10(3)80,
10(3)120,
10(3)126,
10(3)151,
11(1)23,
11(1)61,
11(1)140,
11(1)167,
11(1)187,
11(1)202,
11(1)215,
11(2)40
- think,
3(4)24,
10(1)179
- thought,
2(4)30,
3(3)19,
3(4)24,
5(1)125,
5(3)8,
6(1)46,
6(3)103,
7(1)51,
7(1)109,
7(3)58,
8(1)268,
9(1)151,
9(1)168,
9(1)175,
10(1)183
- thus,
3(4)24,
4(2)10,
5(1)45,
5(1)51,
5(1)153,
5(1)177,
5(2)33,
6(1)74,
7(1)31,
7(1)200,
8(1)289,
8(1)389,
10(1)7,
10(1)80,
10(1)178,
10(1)266,
10(3)27,
10(3)67,
11(1)141,
11(1)167
- time,
2(3)118,
2(4)41,
3(4)24,
4(1)160,
4(2)10,
5(1)48,
5(1)83,
5(1)97,
5(1)115,
6(1)11,
6(1)15,
6(1)21,
6(1)33,
6(1)40,
6(1)46,
6(1)74,
6(1)174,
6(1)184,
7(1)7,
7(1)95,
7(1)120,
7(1)187,
7(2)87,
7(4)25,
8(1)11,
8(1)24,
8(1)74,
8(1)96,
8(1)150,
8(1)174,
8(1)192,
8(1)223,
8(1)260,
8(1)268,
8(1)275,
8(1)289,
8(1)298,
8(1)371,
8(3)54,
8(3)61,
8(3)129,
9(1)31,
9(1)96,
9(3)1,
9(3)6,
9(3)16,
9(3)43,
9(3)56,
9(3)79,
10(1)31,
10(1)80,
10(1)97,
10(1)119,
10(1)179,
10(1)266,
10(1)291,
10(2)63,
10(3)23,
10(3)35,
10(3)63,
10(3)84,
11(1)49,
11(1)70,
11(1)75,
11(1)79,
11(1)82,
11(1)140,
11(1)144,
11(1)155,
11(1)167,
11(1)168,
11(1)236,
11(1)245,
11(2)23
- understand,
3(4)24,
6(1)90,
7(1)123,
8(1)268,
8(1)280,
8(1)335,
8(4)6,
9(1)133,
10(1)266,
11(1)2,
11(1)49
- way,
5(1)24,
5(1)153,
6(1)59,
6(1)169,
6(2)45,
6(3)91,
6(4)26,
7(1)7,
7(1)56,
7(1)129,
7(1)158,
7(1)172,
7(1)187,
7(1)191,
7(1)200,
7(3)77,
8(1)62,
8(1)79,
8(1)212,
8(1)268,
8(1)289,
8(1)307,
8(3)26,
8(3)67,
9(1)26,
9(1)31,
9(1)88,
9(1)93,
9(1)133,
9(1)145,
9(3)21,
9(4)85,
10(1)179,
10(3)50,
10(3)156,
10(4)28,
11(1)75,
11(1)240
- what,
2(4)41,
3(4)24,
5(1)6,
5(1)21,
5(1)68,
5(1)177,
6(1)6,
6(1)40,
6(1)46,
6(1)79,
6(1)81,
6(1)125,
6(1)165,
6(1)169,
7(1)7,
7(1)15,
7(1)95,
7(1)109,
7(3)30,
8(1)69,
8(1)79,
8(1)86,
8(1)104,
8(1)137,
8(1)236,
8(1)268,
8(1)304,
8(1)307,
8(1)313,
8(1)335,
9(1)6,
9(1)119,
9(1)123,
9(1)165,
9(1)168,
9(3)30,
9(3)39,
10(1)31,
10(1)36,
10(1)70,
10(1)96,
10(1)97,
10(1)178,
10(1)266,
10(3)13,
10(3)27,
10(3)67,
10(3)131,
10(3)136,
10(4)42,
11(1)6,
11(1)49,
11(1)140,
11(1)167,
11(1)168,
11(1)195
- who,
3(4)24,
5(1)21,
5(1)106,
5(1)134,
5(1)138,
5(2)33,
6(1)21,
6(1)37,
6(1)47,
6(1)165,
6(3)91,
7(1)7,
7(1)123,
7(1)187,
7(3)30,
8(1)11,
8(1)86,
8(1)304,
8(1)371,
8(3)80,
8(3)94,
8(3)129,
8(4)26,
9(1)6,
9(1)31,
9(1)59,
9(1)184,
9(2)17,
9(3)1,
9(3)10,
9(3)16,
9(3)30,
10(1)80,
10(1)179,
10(1)224,
10(1)266,
10(3)23,
10(3)31,
10(3)151,
10(3)156,
11(1)6,
11(1)23,
11(1)41,
11(1)49,
11(1)87,
11(1)105,
11(1)140,
11(1)182,
11(1)202,
11(1)215,
11(1)245
- word,
3(4)19,
4(2)10,
6(1)81,
6(1)133,
7(1)7,
7(1)31,
7(1)83,
8(1)389,
9(1)133,
9(1)168,
9(3)59,
10(1)291,
10(3)156,
11(1)61,
11(1)240