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BibTeX entry
@Article{Pitts:1977:SAP,
author = "Gerald N. Pitts and Barry L. Bateman",
title = "A structured approach to problem solving at the
introduction level in computer science",
journal = j-SIGCSE,
volume = "9",
number = "1",
pages = "168--172",
month = feb,
year = "1977",
CODEN = "SIGSD3",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/382063.803384",
ISSN = "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0097-8418",
bibdate = "Sun Nov 18 08:53:56 MST 2012",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1970.bib",
note = "Special issue for the Seventh Technical Symposium on
Computer Science Education.",
abstract = "Problem solving is a task which is basic to many every
day situations. Generally, people are not fully aware
of the thought processes which enter into the solution
of their particular situation. A problem presents
itself and the solution, if determined, is implemented.
Humans are able to solve problems in a relatively
informal manner. Computers, due to their limited
abilities, usually cannot be used to solve problems in
this fashion. Greater success in computerized problem
solution is often attained through strict, rigid
expression of the problem and of its solution (i.e., a
structured approach). There are a variety of techniques
which one can use in formally defining a problem
situation. One that has found some favor is to
precisely define the problem by subdividing it into
lesser problems and then to define the subproblems into
lesser problems until the entire problem has been
broken into relatively elementary operations. The
problem and all of its subdivisions are then analyzed
in order to determine the required input values (i.e.,
what information or action does each segment need in
order to perform its function properly?), and the
required output values (i.e., what information or
action does the step produce in order for succeeding
steps to perform their function properly or for the
solution to the problem to be furthered?). Completion
of the subdivision and analysis steps is followed by
translation of the problem into a computer language and
by the subsequent testing of the solution to insure
that it is truly correct. Four commonly used methods
for expression of the analyses of the problem are a
word description of the problem, a list of the major
points of the problem, a ``flowchart'' of the problem,
or an artificial language (commonly a computer
language) description of the problem solution. Quite
often a combination of the four basic methods is
employed. The main purpose of the methods is to
completely define the problem and its solution so that
every facet of these two items is completely
understood. Consequently, it is best to employ whatever
method or combination of methods one finds easiest to
use in order to further his comprehension of the
problem.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
Computer Science Education)",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}
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6(1)15,
6(1)37,
6(1)40,
6(1)48,
6(1)106,
6(1)148,
6(1)152,
6(2)45,
7(1)31,
7(1)65,
7(1)95,
7(1)157,
7(1)187,
7(1)200,
7(4)19,
8(1)65,
8(1)69,
8(1)131,
8(1)247,
8(1)307,
8(1)313,
8(3)2,
8(3)4,
8(3)5,
8(3)15,
8(3)54,
8(3)61,
8(3)67,
8(3)95,
8(3)102,
9(1)88,
9(1)129,
9(1)175,
9(3)1,
9(3)28,
9(3)30,
9(3)34,
9(3)51,
10(1)34,
10(1)178,
10(1)266,
10(3)31,
10(3)35,
10(3)45,
10(3)100,
10(3)113,
10(3)131,
11(1)2,
11(1)23,
11(1)45,
11(1)49,
11(1)87,
11(1)140,
11(1)155,
11(1)182,
11(1)192,
11(1)202,
11(1)215,
11(2)23,
11(2)52
- manner,
4(2)10,
4(3)8,
5(1)21,
5(1)173,
6(1)15,
7(1)200,
8(1)212,
8(1)253,
8(3)4,
8(3)30,
8(3)102,
8(3)129,
9(1)96,
9(1)119,
10(1)119,
10(3)93,
11(1)61,
11(1)228
- method,
5(1)1,
5(1)6,
5(1)51,
5(1)83,
6(1)37,
6(1)47,
6(1)48,
6(1)97,
6(1)101,
6(1)184,
6(4)21,
7(1)31,
7(1)83,
7(1)129,
7(1)172,
7(2)87,
8(1)1,
8(1)49,
8(1)84,
8(1)179,
8(1)189,
8(1)200,
8(1)212,
8(1)266,
8(3)30,
8(3)108,
8(4)15,
9(3)10,
9(3)28,
9(3)39,
9(3)51,
9(3)59,
9(3)66,
9(3)74,
10(1)33,
10(1)86,
10(1)178,
10(1)189,
10(1)224,
10(1)266,
10(3)8,
10(3)27,
10(4)30,
11(1)41,
11(1)89,
11(1)127,
11(1)162,
11(1)247,
11(2)23
- often,
3(4)24,
5(1)53,
5(1)134,
5(1)181,
6(1)184,
7(1)11,
7(1)15,
7(1)40,
8(1)17,
8(1)90,
8(1)100,
8(1)116,
8(1)260,
8(1)268,
8(1)295,
8(1)335,
8(3)54,
8(3)125,
9(1)85,
9(1)96,
9(1)154,
9(3)1,
9(3)51,
9(3)59,
10(1)86,
10(1)97,
10(1)224,
10(3)27,
11(1)70,
11(1)79
- operation,
7(1)1,
7(1)123,
7(1)157,
8(1)144,
8(1)189,
8(1)335,
8(3)12,
9(1)37,
9(1)180,
10(1)16,
10(1)80,
10(1)291,
10(3)35,
10(3)136,
11(1)105,
11(2)23
- order,
2(3)118,
4(1)160,
4(3)8,
5(1)41,
5(1)53,
5(1)97,
6(1)15,
6(1)28,
6(1)106,
6(3)91,
6(4)26,
7(1)15,
7(1)23,
7(1)56,
8(1)266,
8(1)359,
8(3)135,
9(1)31,
9(1)37,
9(1)123,
9(1)133,
9(3)56,
9(3)79,
10(1)70,
10(3)13,
10(3)80,
10(3)108,
11(1)207
- output,
7(1)200,
7(3)77,
8(1)69,
11(1)228
- particular,
2(3)61,
3(4)24,
5(1)9,
5(1)24,
5(1)91,
5(1)181,
5(2)33,
6(1)15,
6(1)59,
6(4)26,
7(1)20,
7(1)40,
7(1)168,
7(3)38,
8(1)49,
8(1)137,
8(1)200,
8(1)289,
8(1)298,
8(1)350,
8(3)75,
9(1)6,
9(1)100,
9(1)123,
9(1)180,
10(1)87,
10(3)27,
10(3)55,
10(3)67,
10(4)66,
11(1)155,
11(1)158
- people,
3(1)21,
5(1)21,
7(1)68,
7(1)123,
8(1)35,
8(1)79,
8(1)192,
8(1)212,
8(1)280,
9(1)100,
9(1)175,
10(1)179,
10(1)183,
11(1)131,
11(1)182
- perform,
5(1)181,
7(3)77,
8(1)179,
8(3)111,
10(3)162,
11(2)52
- Pitts, Gerald N.,
5(1)38,
5(1)132,
5(4)8,
6(1)33
- point,
2(5)16,
4(1)160,
5(1)26,
5(1)32,
5(1)38,
5(1)119,
5(1)132,
5(1)153,
5(1)177,
6(1)90,
7(1)187,
7(3)30,
8(1)11,
8(1)65,
8(1)69,
8(1)179,
8(1)267,
8(1)284,
8(1)382,
8(2)11,
8(3)5,
9(1)22,
9(1)100,
9(1)139,
9(1)145,
9(1)165,
9(3)21,
9(3)51,
10(1)97,
10(3)73,
11(1)22,
11(1)75,
11(1)167,
11(1)168,
11(1)182,
11(1)232
- precisely,
9(3)51
- present,
2(4)30,
2(4)41,
5(1)48,
5(1)77,
5(1)110,
6(1)11,
6(1)161,
7(1)71,
7(1)86,
8(1)11,
8(1)35,
8(1)39,
8(1)84,
8(1)95,
8(1)223,
8(1)266,
8(1)275,
8(1)335,
8(1)359,
8(1)389,
8(3)30,
8(3)57,
8(3)92,
8(3)94,
8(3)102,
8(3)129,
8(3)143,
9(1)31,
9(1)53,
9(1)93,
9(1)108,
9(1)113,
9(1)175,
9(4)85,
10(1)34,
10(1)119,
10(2)63,
10(3)35,
10(3)73,
10(3)136,
10(3)151,
10(3)162,
11(1)49,
11(1)118,
11(1)140,
11(1)141,
11(1)144,
11(1)167,
11(1)187,
11(1)232
- process,
2(3)118,
3(4)24,
4(1)110,
5(1)45,
5(1)83,
5(1)157,
5(1)166,
6(1)11,
6(1)121,
6(1)174,
6(2)45,
7(1)15,
7(1)47,
7(1)79,
7(1)102,
7(1)123,
7(1)172,
8(1)268,
8(1)289,
8(1)295,
8(1)355,
8(3)1,
9(1)6,
9(1)123,
9(1)129,
9(1)154,
9(1)180,
9(3)56,
9(3)74,
9(3)79,
10(1)7,
10(1)178,
10(1)189,
10(1)193,
10(3)1,
10(3)38,
10(3)151,
11(1)2,
11(1)54,
11(1)70,
11(1)75,
11(4)49
- produce,
6(1)37,
7(1)158,
8(1)100,
8(1)268,
8(1)335,
9(1)53,
9(1)59,
9(3)1,
10(1)33,
10(1)85,
10(3)67,
10(3)151
- properly,
6(1)11,
11(1)245
- purpose,
2(3)118,
2(4)30,
3(1)21,
3(3)15,
3(4)24,
4(1)97,
5(1)15,
5(1)21,
5(1)68,
5(1)106,
5(1)149,
6(1)15,
6(1)40,
6(1)129,
6(1)144,
6(1)165,
6(4)26,
7(1)15,
7(1)40,
7(1)51,
7(1)133,
7(1)172,
7(1)179,
7(1)212,
8(1)116,
8(1)144,
8(1)182,
8(1)189,
8(1)212,
8(1)223,
8(1)275,
8(1)289,
8(1)307,
8(1)359,
8(1)382,
8(1)389,
8(1)393,
8(2)11,
8(3)4,
8(3)5,
8(3)22,
8(3)111,
9(1)108,
9(1)142,
9(1)178,
9(3)28,
9(3)34,
9(4)70,
10(1)36,
10(1)178,
10(3)126,
11(1)18,
11(1)23,
11(1)49,
11(1)182,
11(1)187,
11(1)228,
11(1)236,
11(4)15
- quite,
3(4)24,
4(1)160,
8(1)86,
8(3)15,
9(1)6,
9(1)100,
11(1)182,
11(1)192
- relatively,
4(2)10,
5(1)21,
7(1)47,
7(4)53,
8(1)24,
8(1)100,
8(1)275,
8(1)280,
8(1)295,
8(1)350,
8(1)389,
9(1)133,
10(1)183
- required,
3(1)21,
5(2)33,
6(1)148,
6(1)161,
7(1)120,
7(4)19,
8(1)35,
8(1)104,
8(1)268,
8(1)366,
8(3)30,
8(3)80,
8(3)92,
9(1)6,
9(1)26,
9(1)180,
9(3)1,
10(1)86,
10(1)97,
10(1)189,
10(1)260,
10(3)1,
10(3)63,
11(1)2,
11(1)28,
11(1)202,
11(1)232
- rigid,
8(2)28,
8(3)135,
10(1)97
- segment,
4(2)10,
8(1)342
- Seventh,
9(1)1,
9(1)6,
9(1)13,
9(1)22,
9(1)26,
9(1)31,
9(1)37,
9(1)53,
9(1)59,
9(1)63,
9(1)69,
9(1)73,
9(1)77,
9(1)85,
9(1)88,
9(1)93,
9(1)96,
9(1)100,
9(1)104,
9(1)108,
9(1)113,
9(1)119,
9(1)123,
9(1)129,
9(1)133,
9(1)139,
9(1)142,
9(1)145,
9(1)151,
9(1)154,
9(1)157,
9(1)162,
9(1)165,
9(1)173,
9(1)175,
9(1)178,
9(1)180,
9(1)184
- situation,
2(5)16,
5(1)24,
5(1)41,
5(1)134,
5(1)153,
6(1)6,
6(1)28,
6(1)165,
7(1)143,
7(1)148,
7(2)78,
8(1)17,
8(1)174,
8(3)80,
9(3)6,
10(1)177,
10(1)179,
10(3)63,
11(1)54,
11(1)224
- solution,
2(3)56,
5(1)15,
5(1)45,
5(1)83,
5(1)119,
5(1)121,
5(1)177,
6(1)6,
6(1)81,
7(1)47,
7(1)61,
7(1)79,
7(3)38,
7(4)47,
7(4)53,
8(1)17,
8(1)24,
8(1)149,
8(1)247,
8(1)260,
8(1)325,
8(1)350,
8(1)371,
8(2)28,
8(4)53,
9(1)96,
9(1)133,
9(3)49,
9(3)59,
9(3)63,
9(3)79,
10(1)97,
10(3)13,
10(4)28,
11(1)6,
11(1)54,
11(1)75,
11(1)101,
11(1)149
- solve,
5(1)45,
5(1)119,
6(1)81,
7(1)56,
7(2)33,
8(1)17,
8(1)325,
8(3)78,
9(1)85,
9(1)100,
9(1)145,
9(1)165,
9(3)1,
10(1)178,
11(4)49
- solving,
5(1)9,
5(1)83,
6(1)79,
6(4)26,
7(1)40,
7(3)77,
8(1)1,
8(1)212,
8(1)325,
9(1)63,
9(1)123,
9(1)133,
9(1)165,
9(3)34,
9(3)51,
10(1)34,
10(1)86,
10(1)179,
10(1)224,
10(3)55,
10(3)84,
10(4)28,
11(1)54,
11(1)131,
11(1)155,
11(4)49
- special,
2(4)41,
5(1)6,
5(1)18,
5(1)173,
7(2)67,
7(3)12,
8(1)267,
9(1)1,
9(1)6,
9(1)13,
9(1)22,
9(1)26,
9(1)31,
9(1)37,
9(1)53,
9(1)59,
9(1)63,
9(1)69,
9(1)73,
9(1)77,
9(1)85,
9(1)88,
9(1)93,
9(1)96,
9(1)100,
9(1)104,
9(1)108,
9(1)113,
9(1)119,
9(1)123,
9(1)129,
9(1)133,
9(1)139,
9(1)142,
9(1)145,
9(1)151,
9(1)154,
9(1)157,
9(1)162,
9(1)165,
9(1)173,
9(1)175,
9(1)178,
9(1)180,
9(1)184,
9(2)1,
9(3)1,
9(3)6,
9(3)10,
9(3)16,
9(3)21,
9(3)28,
9(3)30,
9(3)34,
9(3)39,
9(3)43,
9(3)49,
9(3)51,
9(3)56,
9(3)59,
9(3)63,
9(3)66,
9(3)74,
9(3)79,
10(1)99,
10(1)266,
10(3)80,
10(3)126,
10(4)24,
11(1)131
- step,
6(1)81,
7(1)47,
8(1)268,
8(1)371,
10(1)80,
10(3)50,
11(1)232
- strict,
10(1)97
- subsequent,
6(1)161,
8(1)144,
8(1)335,
11(1)158
- succeeding,
7(3)58
- success,
5(1)149,
5(1)181,
7(1)11,
8(3)115,
9(1)133,
9(4)88,
10(1)31,
10(1)92,
10(1)189,
10(4)30,
11(1)6,
11(1)167
- task,
6(1)6,
6(1)46,
6(1)53,
7(1)31,
7(1)212,
8(1)268,
8(1)275,
9(1)96,
9(1)133,
9(1)175,
10(3)162,
11(1)144
- technique,
3(4)24,
4(1)154,
4(4)11,
5(1)9,
5(1)26,
5(1)38,
5(1)119,
5(4)29,
6(1)6,
6(1)47,
6(1)59,
6(1)101,
6(1)184,
6(3)46,
6(4)26,
7(1)23,
7(1)47,
7(1)86,
7(1)123,
7(1)206,
7(2)67,
8(1)11,
8(1)39,
8(1)158,
8(1)179,
8(1)189,
8(1)200,
8(1)268,
8(1)355,
8(3)30,
8(3)67,
8(3)106,
8(3)111,
8(3)135,
8(3)143,
8(4)10,
8(4)15,
8(4)53,
9(1)154,
9(3)28,
9(3)74,
10(1)33,
10(1)34,
10(1)65,
10(1)80,
10(1)86,
10(1)178,
10(1)180,
10(1)189,
10(1)232,
10(3)27,
10(3)55,
10(3)63,
10(3)131,
10(4)42,
11(1)23,
11(1)28,
11(1)54,
11(1)79,
11(1)89,
11(1)192
- testing,
6(1)1,
7(1)1,
7(1)172,
8(3)4,
9(3)51,
9(3)74,
9(3)79,
10(1)193,
10(1)232,
10(4)42,
11(4)56
- then,
3(4)24,
6(1)1,
6(1)184,
7(1)56,
7(1)120,
7(1)157,
7(1)212,
8(1)17,
8(1)200,
8(1)275,
8(1)284,
8(1)313,
8(1)393,
8(3)54,
8(3)92,
8(3)106,
8(3)111,
9(1)123,
9(3)51,
10(1)31,
10(3)31,
10(3)136,
11(1)118,
11(1)202
- there,
2(3)61,
2(4)41,
3(4)24,
4(2)10,
5(1)18,
5(1)24,
5(1)26,
5(1)70,
5(1)115,
5(1)134,
5(1)145,
5(1)166,
5(2)33,
6(1)28,
6(1)40,
6(1)116,
6(1)125,
7(1)7,
7(1)79,
7(1)133,
7(1)143,
7(2)21,
7(4)19,
8(1)35,
8(1)74,
8(1)137,
8(1)212,
8(1)253,
8(1)284,
8(1)298,
8(1)313,
8(1)382,
8(3)22,
8(3)26,
8(3)67,
8(3)78,
8(3)95,
8(3)102,
8(4)26,
9(1)59,
9(1)100,
9(1)151,
9(1)184,
9(3)16,
9(3)51,
9(3)59,
9(3)74,
10(1)36,
10(1)119,
10(1)177,
10(1)183,
10(1)260,
10(1)266,
10(3)45,
10(3)80,
10(3)120,
10(3)126,
10(3)151,
11(1)23,
11(1)61,
11(1)140,
11(1)167,
11(1)187,
11(1)202,
11(1)215,
11(2)40
- thought,
2(4)30,
3(3)19,
3(4)24,
5(1)125,
5(3)8,
6(1)46,
6(3)103,
7(1)51,
7(1)109,
7(3)58,
8(1)268,
9(1)100,
9(1)151,
9(1)175,
10(1)183
- through,
2(3)118,
5(1)1,
5(1)9,
5(1)26,
5(1)60,
5(1)102,
5(1)110,
5(1)166,
5(2)33,
6(1)21,
6(1)33,
6(1)97,
6(1)152,
6(1)165,
6(3)91,
8(1)179,
8(1)268,
8(1)325,
8(1)350,
8(3)30,
8(3)54,
8(3)143,
8(4)15,
9(1)108,
9(1)184,
10(1)32,
10(1)80,
10(1)178,
10(1)189,
10(1)282,
10(3)84,
10(3)120,
11(1)54,
11(1)61,
11(1)87,
11(1)131,
11(1)182,
11(1)232
- translation,
7(1)95,
8(1)350,
9(1)151,
11(1)23,
11(1)28
- understood,
3(4)24,
8(1)212,
8(1)280,
8(1)389,
9(1)133,
11(1)232
- until,
3(4)24,
7(1)1,
8(1)350,
8(4)26,
10(2)63
- usually,
4(1)8,
4(2)10,
5(1)6,
5(1)26,
5(1)145,
5(1)166,
7(1)20,
7(1)148,
7(3)77,
8(3)4,
9(1)31,
9(1)142,
9(2)17,
9(3)1,
9(3)16,
9(3)21,
10(1)97,
11(1)14,
11(1)70,
11(1)155
- value,
3(4)24,
5(1)38,
5(1)132,
6(4)26,
8(1)192,
8(1)393,
8(3)102,
9(1)31,
9(1)77,
9(3)66,
10(3)23,
10(3)38,
10(3)156
- variety,
3(4)24,
4(1)160,
5(1)2,
6(1)6,
6(1)21,
6(1)46,
6(1)47,
6(1)48,
7(1)23,
7(2)67,
8(1)49,
8(1)113,
8(1)144,
8(1)158,
9(1)145,
9(3)6,
9(3)34,
10(3)50,
11(1)61,
11(1)75,
11(1)158,
11(1)215,
11(1)224
- what,
2(4)41,
3(4)24,
5(1)6,
5(1)21,
5(1)68,
5(1)177,
6(1)6,
6(1)40,
6(1)46,
6(1)79,
6(1)81,
6(1)125,
6(1)165,
6(1)169,
7(1)7,
7(1)15,
7(1)95,
7(1)109,
7(3)30,
8(1)69,
8(1)79,
8(1)86,
8(1)104,
8(1)137,
8(1)236,
8(1)268,
8(1)304,
8(1)307,
8(1)313,
8(1)335,
9(1)6,
9(1)100,
9(1)119,
9(1)123,
9(1)165,
9(3)30,
9(3)39,
10(1)31,
10(1)36,
10(1)70,
10(1)96,
10(1)97,
10(1)178,
10(1)266,
10(3)13,
10(3)27,
10(3)67,
10(3)131,
10(3)136,
10(4)42,
11(1)6,
11(1)49,
11(1)140,
11(1)167,
11(1)168,
11(1)195
- whatever,
7(1)51
- word,
3(4)19,
4(2)10,
6(1)81,
6(1)133,
7(1)7,
7(1)31,
7(1)83,
8(1)389,
9(1)100,
9(1)133,
9(3)59,
10(1)291,
10(3)156,
11(1)61,
11(1)240