Entry Zelkowitz:1972:SRC from sigcse1970.bib
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BibTeX entry
@Article{Zelkowitz:1972:SRC,
author = "Marvin Zelkowitz",
title = "Space requirements for computer programs",
journal = j-SIGCSE,
volume = "4",
number = "2",
pages = "10--11",
month = jul,
year = "1972",
CODEN = "SIGSD3",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/873721.873722",
ISSN = "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0097-8418",
bibdate = "Sun Nov 18 08:53:45 MST 2012",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1970.bib",
abstract = "While core is becoming relatively inexpensive, there
are applications where program size is important. A
project is described using a PDP 8 which demonstrates
that significant programs can be written with a minimum
of main memory.In learning to program, the students at
many universities have access to a large central
computer. For the most part, they can ignore time and
space requirements in their programs. Usually this is a
valid assumption since computing time is becoming less
expensive; however, with the proliferation of
minicomputers, there are many applications where space
is at a premium, and the programmer must consider this
limitation in his design.At the University of Maryland
a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP 8 computer was made
available to graduate students at the Computer Science
Center. It was a minimum configuration of 4K 12 bit
memory and a teletype. Students were forced to program
for a machine with little main memory and no mass
storage device. One such exercise, which demonstrated
the amount of programming which can be accomplished in
a small memory, will now be described.The PDP 8 memory
is divided into 32 pages of 128 words each. By
convention the top page is not used by any DEC software
other than the binary loader, a program which is used
to load all other software into the machine. This lead
(sic) to the project of having students write debugging
programs which fit into this top page. Since a locally
written binary loader was written in 74 words, that
meant 54 words were available in which the student had
to write an interesting program.The results of that
assignment clearly demonstrated that significant
programs could be written in a minimum of space. Some
of the programs which resulted were: a dump program
which dumped core onto the teletype at 8 words per
line, a modify program which displayed the contents of
a memory location onto the teletype and enabled the
user to change the contents of a location via the
teletype, and a punch program which punched a paper
tape of specified core segments in a format which
enabled it to be reloaded by the binary loader at a
later time. These programs, in a very crude manner,
approximated the facilities available in the standard
DEC debugging program ODT (1), however, each one was
significantly shorter, and only took 10 seconds to load
from a teletype --- thus it was useful for debugging
programs since no high speed I/O device was
available.This example has some important consequences.
While core is becoming less expensive, there are still
applications where size is important. Instructors of
programming courses should not completely lose sight of
that fact. While one shouldn't stress size over all
other considerations, the above exercise shows that
small programs can do relatively powerful things, even
on a relatively simple PDP 8 computer.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
Computer Science Education)",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}
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5(1)149,
5(1)157,
6(1)46,
6(1)81,
6(1)125,
6(4)21,
7(1)61,
7(1)102,
7(3)30,
7(3)77,
8(1)35,
8(1)90,
8(1)137,
8(1)192,
8(1)260,
8(1)342,
8(1)371,
8(3)22,
8(3)102,
9(1)13,
9(1)151,
9(3)66,
10(1)32,
10(1)65,
10(1)96,
10(1)132,
10(1)189,
10(3)31,
10(3)35,
10(3)38,
10(3)63,
10(3)67,
10(3)84,
11(1)18,
11(1)22,
11(1)136,
11(1)167,
11(1)202
- inexpensive,
6(1)46,
10(4)52
- instructor,
3(4)19,
5(1)119,
5(1)145,
5(1)181,
6(1)15,
6(1)79,
6(1)97,
6(1)133,
6(1)165,
6(1)184,
7(1)68,
7(1)83,
7(1)129,
7(1)158,
8(1)11,
8(1)69,
8(1)179,
8(1)189,
8(3)30,
8(3)54,
8(3)57,
8(4)15,
9(1)145,
9(3)56,
9(3)59,
9(3)74,
9(3)79,
10(1)34,
10(1)70,
10(1)86,
10(3)63,
10(3)93,
11(1)14,
11(1)158,
11(1)182,
11(2)23
- interesting,
5(1)173,
7(1)86,
7(1)191,
7(2)78,
8(1)253,
8(1)280,
9(1)119,
10(3)38,
11(1)49
- large,
2(3)118,
3(3)7,
5(1)21,
5(1)24,
5(1)70,
5(1)138,
5(1)173,
6(1)6,
6(1)15,
6(1)152,
6(1)169,
6(1)174,
6(1)184,
7(1)11,
7(1)123,
7(1)143,
7(2)21,
8(1)144,
8(1)179,
8(1)182,
8(1)192,
8(1)260,
8(1)284,
8(1)382,
8(2)28,
8(3)54,
8(3)67,
9(1)22,
9(1)59,
9(1)96,
9(2)17,
9(3)51,
9(3)79,
10(1)179,
10(1)197,
10(1)266,
10(3)38,
10(3)63,
10(3)162,
10(4)24,
10(4)30,
11(1)144,
11(1)149,
11(1)162,
11(1)168,
11(1)245
- later,
3(4)24,
6(1)40,
8(1)247,
8(3)135,
9(1)165,
10(3)55
- lead,
8(1)382,
9(1)100,
9(3)1,
10(1)177,
10(3)84,
11(1)87
- learning,
2(3)69,
5(1)26,
5(1)45,
6(1)47,
6(1)74,
6(1)116,
6(1)125,
6(3)44,
7(1)23,
7(1)76,
7(1)86,
7(1)212,
7(3)30,
8(1)49,
8(1)79,
8(1)96,
8(1)116,
8(1)174,
8(1)236,
8(1)284,
8(1)289,
8(1)295,
8(1)313,
8(3)4,
9(1)37,
9(1)73,
9(1)88,
9(3)79,
10(1)7,
10(1)53,
10(1)96,
10(1)178,
10(1)193,
10(1)266,
10(3)1,
10(3)13,
10(3)67,
10(3)162,
11(1)54,
11(1)131,
11(1)144,
11(1)192,
11(3)9
- less,
5(1)41,
5(1)68,
5(1)119,
5(1)181,
8(1)11,
8(1)100,
8(1)280,
9(3)10,
10(3)38,
11(1)6,
11(1)214
- limitation,
7(1)61,
8(1)69,
8(3)26,
9(1)100,
10(1)53
- line,
8(1)24,
8(1)113,
8(1)268,
8(1)284,
10(3)23,
10(3)162,
11(1)228
- little,
2(4)41,
3(4)24,
5(1)41,
5(1)149,
6(1)33,
7(1)51,
7(1)56,
7(1)102,
8(1)260,
8(1)267,
8(3)54,
8(3)80,
8(3)92,
9(1)6,
10(1)183,
10(3)140,
11(1)6,
11(1)23,
11(1)61,
11(1)207,
11(4)31
- locally,
8(1)342,
10(2)17
- location,
10(1)31
- lose,
10(3)23
- machine,
2(3)118,
3(1)12,
3(4)19,
4(1)110,
4(1)160,
5(1)26,
5(1)132,
5(1)134,
5(1)149,
5(1)181,
6(1)46,
6(1)64,
6(2)45,
6(3)30,
6(3)46,
7(1)191,
7(2)33,
7(3)30,
8(1)62,
8(1)100,
8(1)167,
8(1)192,
8(1)284,
8(2)36,
8(2)45,
8(3)111,
8(3)125,
8(4)42,
9(1)69,
9(1)100,
9(1)104,
9(1)133,
9(4)70,
10(1)197,
10(1)291,
10(3)84,
10(4)59,
11(1)6,
11(1)144
- made,
2(3)118,
2(4)41,
3(4)24,
5(1)1,
5(1)51,
5(1)56,
5(1)77,
5(1)149,
5(1)153,
6(1)6,
6(1)15,
6(1)169,
7(1)71,
7(1)76,
7(1)86,
7(1)109,
7(1)120,
7(1)187,
7(3)50,
8(1)79,
8(1)113,
8(1)266,
8(1)335,
8(1)371,
8(3)54,
8(3)102,
8(4)8,
9(1)22,
9(1)96,
9(1)108,
9(1)180,
9(2)17,
9(3)10,
10(1)31,
10(1)86,
10(2)12,
10(3)113,
11(1)182,
11(1)202,
11(1)220,
11(1)228
- main,
4(1)8,
5(1)24,
5(1)53,
5(1)134,
6(1)125,
7(3)38,
8(1)150,
8(1)223,
8(1)359,
8(2)11,
9(1)133,
9(1)168,
10(1)7,
10(1)189,
10(3)108,
10(3)131,
11(1)224
- manner,
4(3)8,
5(1)21,
5(1)173,
6(1)15,
7(1)200,
8(1)212,
8(1)253,
8(3)4,
8(3)30,
8(3)102,
8(3)129,
9(1)96,
9(1)119,
9(1)168,
10(1)119,
10(3)93,
11(1)61,
11(1)228
- Maryland,
5(1)41,
6(1)144,
8(1)267
- mass,
5(1)181,
6(1)15,
8(2)41,
11(1)101
- meant,
9(1)96,
11(1)49
- memory,
6(1)47,
8(3)15,
9(1)13,
9(1)69,
9(3)43,
9(4)70,
10(1)291,
11(1)240
- minicomputer,
5(1)153,
6(3)46,
7(1)20,
9(1)6,
9(1)69,
11(1)45,
11(1)240
- minimum,
7(1)68,
7(3)38,
8(1)371,
8(3)184,
9(1)175,
11(2)23
- modify,
6(1)33,
8(1)350,
8(2)36,
9(1)69,
11(1)70
- most,
3(1)21,
3(4)24,
4(1)75,
4(1)160,
5(1)6,
5(1)21,
5(1)38,
5(1)60,
5(1)70,
5(1)91,
5(1)119,
5(1)125,
5(1)149,
5(1)157,
6(1)1,
6(1)6,
6(1)33,
6(1)46,
6(1)79,
6(1)81,
6(1)90,
6(1)106,
6(1)165,
6(1)184,
6(4)26,
7(1)7,
7(1)20,
7(1)51,
7(1)83,
7(1)109,
7(1)172,
8(1)11,
8(1)39,
8(1)69,
8(1)100,
8(1)113,
8(1)192,
8(1)247,
8(3)39,
9(1)31,
9(1)88,
9(1)96,
9(1)100,
9(1)113,
9(1)139,
9(1)145,
9(1)151,
9(3)16,
10(1)70,
10(1)86,
10(1)96,
10(1)119,
10(1)132,
10(1)183,
10(1)255,
10(3)27,
10(3)31,
10(3)35,
10(3)45,
10(3)63,
10(3)67,
10(3)80,
10(3)84,
10(3)131,
10(3)136,
10(3)156,
10(4)28,
10(4)66,
11(1)6,
11(1)87,
11(1)101,
11(1)168,
11(1)202,
11(1)224
- must,
3(4)24,
5(1)21,
5(1)83,
5(1)97,
5(1)102,
5(1)181,
5(2)33,
6(1)1,
6(1)6,
6(1)21,
6(1)46,
6(1)81,
7(1)109,
7(1)123,
7(1)143,
7(1)200,
7(3)30,
7(3)77,
7(4)25,
8(1)29,
8(1)35,
8(1)69,
8(1)86,
8(1)260,
8(1)284,
8(3)30,
8(3)57,
9(1)88,
9(1)180,
10(1)86,
10(1)92,
10(1)96,
10(1)97,
10(1)178,
10(1)179,
10(1)255,
10(3)27,
10(3)55,
10(3)84,
10(3)120,
10(3)162,
11(1)49,
11(1)192
- now,
5(1)21,
5(1)24,
5(1)32,
5(1)45,
5(1)48,
5(1)157,
6(1)1,
7(1)129,
7(1)157,
7(1)191,
8(1)116,
8(1)304,
8(1)382,
8(3)67,
8(3)95,
9(3)1,
9(3)6,
9(3)51,
10(3)23,
11(1)45,
11(1)82,
11(1)167,
11(1)202
- only,
2(4)30,
3(4)24,
5(1)38,
5(1)68,
5(1)97,
5(1)134,
5(1)177,
6(1)46,
6(1)90,
6(1)161,
6(4)26,
7(1)109,
7(1)120,
7(1)158,
7(3)30,
8(1)35,
8(1)49,
8(1)65,
8(1)69,
8(1)100,
8(1)113,
8(1)253,
8(1)289,
8(1)313,
8(3)54,
8(3)80,
9(1)1,
9(1)26,
9(1)88,
9(1)145,
9(3)10,
9(3)16,
9(3)30,
9(3)63,
9(3)66,
9(4)88,
10(1)81,
10(1)92,
10(1)119,
10(1)178,
10(1)189,
10(1)210,
10(1)224,
10(3)35,
10(3)73,
10(3)136,
11(1)131,
11(1)158,
11(1)192,
11(1)232,
11(1)245
- page,
9(3)43
- part,
2(3)118,
2(4)30,
5(1)2,
5(1)125,
5(1)153,
5(1)166,
6(1)48,
6(1)79,
6(3)46,
6(4)26,
7(1)20,
7(1)31,
7(1)47,
7(1)61,
7(1)120,
7(1)123,
7(1)157,
8(1)84,
8(1)95,
8(1)137,
8(1)304,
8(1)355,
8(3)48,
8(3)78,
8(3)102,
8(3)106,
8(3)108,
8(3)115,
9(3)66,
9(4)88,
10(1)32,
10(1)65,
10(1)86,
10(1)189,
10(1)291,
10(3)100,
10(3)120,
10(3)131,
10(3)156,
11(1)101
- per,
2(3)118,
5(1)24,
5(1)138,
6(1)6,
8(3)54,
10(1)97,
10(3)45
- powerful,
7(1)196,
8(1)116,
10(3)73
- programmer,
3(1)25,
4(4)19,
5(1)24,
5(1)26,
5(1)32,
6(1)81,
6(1)90,
6(1)133,
7(1)31,
7(1)123,
7(1)148,
7(1)157,
7(1)200,
7(3)30,
7(3)77,
8(1)11,
8(2)41,
8(3)5,
8(3)80,
8(3)93,
8(3)108,
8(4)53,
9(1)59,
9(1)133,
9(1)145,
9(2)17,
10(1)31,
10(1)97,
10(1)179,
10(1)213,
10(1)224,
10(3)55,
10(3)59,
10(3)67,
10(3)73,
10(3)84,
10(3)126,
10(3)140,
11(1)18,
11(1)61,
11(1)75,
11(1)136
- proliferation,
8(1)298
- punched,
8(1)275
- relatively,
5(1)21,
7(1)47,
7(4)53,
8(1)24,
8(1)100,
8(1)275,
8(1)280,
8(1)295,
8(1)350,
8(1)389,
9(1)133,
9(1)168,
10(1)183
- requirement,
3(4)21,
3(4)24,
5(1)38,
5(1)83,
5(1)106,
5(2)33,
6(1)79,
7(1)76,
7(1)114,
7(1)123,
7(4)12,
8(1)35,
8(1)69,
8(1)113,
8(1)200,
8(1)393,
8(2)24,
8(3)125,
8(3)135,
9(1)175,
10(1)32,
10(1)99,
10(1)119,
10(3)63,
10(3)73,
11(1)14,
11(1)87,
11(1)89,
11(1)158,
11(1)202,
11(1)224
- result,
3(1)12,
3(4)24,
4(1)110,
5(1)121,
5(1)138,
5(1)149,
5(1)166,
6(1)133,
6(1)184,
7(1)23,
7(1)31,
7(1)68,
7(1)83,
7(1)102,
7(1)172,
7(1)206,
7(3)77,
7(4)19,
8(1)11,
8(1)35,
8(1)69,
8(1)74,
8(1)137,
8(1)144,
8(1)179,
8(1)182,
8(1)189,
8(1)266,
8(1)275,
8(1)324,
8(1)359,
8(1)382,
8(1)389,
8(3)54,
8(3)61,
8(4)26,
9(1)31,
9(1)108,
9(1)139,
9(1)157,
9(3)39,
9(3)63,
9(4)19,
10(1)16,
10(1)31,
10(1)36,
10(1)86,
10(1)183,
10(1)232,
10(3)23,
10(3)63,
10(3)67,
10(3)136,
10(4)28,
11(1)18,
11(1)45,
11(1)61,
11(1)118,
11(1)232,
11(1)245,
11(2)27
- resulted,
5(1)38,
8(1)268,
8(3)2,
9(1)123,
9(3)74,
11(1)22
- second,
2(3)118,
4(2)14,
5(1)70,
5(1)97,
5(1)134,
7(1)95,
8(1)182,
8(1)280,
8(3)95,
9(1)37,
9(1)59,
9(1)88,
9(1)133,
9(3)43,
9(3)79,
10(1)97,
10(3)23,
10(3)27,
10(3)45,
10(3)50,
10(3)55,
10(3)100,
10(3)113,
10(3)120,
10(3)136,
11(1)187,
11(1)192,
11(1)215,
11(1)236
- segment,
8(1)342,
9(1)168
- should,
2(4)30,
3(1)21,
3(4)24,
5(1)24,
5(1)26,
5(1)97,
5(1)119,
5(1)181,
5(2)33,
6(1)28,
6(1)47,
6(1)81,
6(1)125,
6(1)133,
6(3)46,
6(4)21,
7(1)7,
7(1)68,
7(1)95,
7(1)168,
7(1)187,
7(3)77,
8(1)11,
8(1)90,
8(1)113,
8(1)137,
8(1)212,
8(1)298,
8(1)350,
8(1)371,
8(2)36,
8(3)4,
8(3)26,
8(3)92,
8(3)93,
9(1)69,
9(1)119,
9(1)123,
9(1)162,
9(2)17,
9(3)6,
9(3)74,
10(1)34,
10(1)97,
10(1)178,
10(1)189,
10(1)282,
10(3)13,
10(3)50,
10(3)55,
10(3)63,
10(3)77,
10(3)113,
10(3)131,
11(1)54,
11(1)162,
11(1)168,
11(1)195,
11(2)52,
11(4)31
- shouldn't,
10(1)34
- show,
6(1)111,
7(1)133,
8(1)49,
8(1)192,
8(3)54,
8(3)78,
9(1)108,
10(3)27,
11(2)27,
11(2)40
- sight,
6(1)46
- significant,
3(4)24,
5(1)21,
5(1)121,
5(1)134,
5(1)177,
7(1)76,
7(1)79,
7(2)87,
8(1)24,
8(1)74,
8(1)144,
8(1)304,
8(3)1,
8(3)12,
8(4)26,
9(1)123,
10(1)86,
10(1)97,
10(1)193,
10(1)266,
10(3)67,
11(1)87,
11(2)27
- significantly,
9(1)22,
9(1)133,
11(1)127
- simple,
5(1)97,
6(1)101,
6(1)144,
7(1)15,
7(2)33,
7(3)35,
7(4)47,
8(1)158,
8(2)45,
8(3)67,
8(3)111,
9(1)22,
9(1)37,
9(1)53,
9(1)69,
9(1)85,
9(1)113,
9(1)142,
9(3)1,
9(4)70,
10(3)38,
10(3)55,
10(3)108,
10(3)162,
11(1)23,
11(1)49,
11(1)54,
11(1)232,
11(4)49
- since,
3(4)24,
4(1)8,
5(1)24,
5(1)45,
5(1)51,
5(1)60,
5(1)110,
5(1)134,
5(1)149,
5(1)153,
5(1)177,
6(1)6,
6(1)40,
6(1)121,
7(1)40,
7(1)83,
7(1)124,
7(1)148,
8(1)11,
8(1)49,
8(1)167,
8(1)212,
8(1)247,
8(1)313,
8(1)342,
8(2)11,
8(3)30,
8(3)33,
8(3)135,
9(3)1,
10(1)7,
10(1)31,
10(1)132,
10(1)210,
10(3)63,
10(3)131,
11(1)22,
11(1)82,
11(1)158,
11(1)215
- size,
5(1)110,
6(1)174,
7(1)61,
10(3)35,
10(3)63
- small,
2(2)14,
2(3)113,
2(3)118,
2(4)41,
3(1)34,
3(2)8,
3(3)15,
4(1)38,
4(1)160,
5(1)26,
6(1)6,
6(1)161,
7(1)11,
7(1)20,
7(1)47,
7(1)61,
7(1)68,
7(1)129,
7(1)133,
7(1)143,
7(3)71,
8(1)100,
8(1)150,
8(1)253,
8(2)28,
8(2)45,
8(3)39,
8(3)54,
9(1)31,
9(1)53,
9(1)69,
9(1)119,
10(1)31,
10(1)224,
10(1)282,
10(3)35,
10(3)120,
10(4)66,
11(1)215,
11(1)220
- space,
7(1)102
- specified,
8(1)324,
10(3)1,
11(1)22
- speed,
6(1)101,
8(2)36
- standard,
5(1)166,
6(1)174,
7(1)83,
7(1)206,
8(1)69,
8(1)137,
8(1)167,
8(3)135,
8(4)53,
9(3)6,
9(3)74,
10(1)34,
10(3)63,
11(1)14,
11(1)228,
11(1)245
- still,
5(1)21,
5(1)26,
5(1)77,
6(1)40,
7(1)11,
7(1)172,
8(1)95,
8(1)284,
8(3)22,
8(3)39,
9(1)151,
10(3)151,
11(1)22,
11(1)167,
11(4)49
- storage,
7(1)187,
7(2)21,
9(1)145,
10(3)35,
10(3)120,
10(3)162
- stress,
5(1)177,
6(1)125,
8(1)69,
8(3)143,
10(1)34,
10(1)180,
11(1)2,
11(1)82
- tape,
2(3)113,
8(2)36,
8(3)54,
8(3)78,
9(3)79
- teletype,
8(1)275
- than,
3(4)24,
5(1)1,
5(1)21,
5(1)32,
5(1)41,
5(1)132,
5(1)145,
5(1)149,
6(1)6,
6(1)21,
6(1)47,
6(1)81,
6(1)90,
6(1)121,
6(1)165,
7(1)123,
7(1)191,
7(1)200,
7(1)206,
7(2)84,
8(1)11,
8(1)17,
8(1)49,
8(1)100,
8(1)280,
8(1)366,
8(3)22,
8(3)54,
8(3)135,
9(1)113,
9(1)123,
9(1)151,
9(3)6,
9(3)10,
9(3)16,
9(3)51,
9(3)56,
9(3)59,
10(1)7,
10(1)27,
10(1)86,
10(1)97,
10(1)180,
10(1)266,
10(3)84,
10(3)108,
10(3)156,
11(1)23,
11(1)61,
11(1)82,
11(1)144,
11(1)182
- there,
2(3)61,
2(4)41,
3(4)24,
5(1)18,
5(1)24,
5(1)26,
5(1)70,
5(1)115,
5(1)134,
5(1)145,
5(1)166,
5(2)33,
6(1)28,
6(1)40,
6(1)116,
6(1)125,
7(1)7,
7(1)79,
7(1)133,
7(1)143,
7(2)21,
7(4)19,
8(1)35,
8(1)74,
8(1)137,
8(1)212,
8(1)253,
8(1)284,
8(1)298,
8(1)313,
8(1)382,
8(3)22,
8(3)26,
8(3)67,
8(3)78,
8(3)95,
8(3)102,
8(4)26,
9(1)59,
9(1)100,
9(1)151,
9(1)168,
9(1)184,
9(3)16,
9(3)51,
9(3)59,
9(3)74,
10(1)36,
10(1)119,
10(1)177,
10(1)183,
10(1)260,
10(1)266,
10(3)45,
10(3)80,
10(3)120,
10(3)126,
10(3)151,
11(1)23,
11(1)61,
11(1)140,
11(1)167,
11(1)187,
11(1)202,
11(1)215,
11(2)40
- thing,
6(1)106,
7(1)15,
7(1)109,
8(1)79,
8(1)268,
8(4)15
- thus,
3(4)24,
5(1)45,
5(1)51,
5(1)153,
5(1)177,
5(2)33,
6(1)74,
7(1)31,
7(1)200,
8(1)289,
8(1)389,
9(1)100,
10(1)7,
10(1)80,
10(1)178,
10(1)266,
10(3)27,
10(3)67,
11(1)141,
11(1)167
- time,
2(3)118,
2(4)41,
3(4)24,
4(1)160,
5(1)48,
5(1)83,
5(1)97,
5(1)115,
6(1)11,
6(1)15,
6(1)21,
6(1)33,
6(1)40,
6(1)46,
6(1)74,
6(1)174,
6(1)184,
7(1)7,
7(1)95,
7(1)120,
7(1)187,
7(2)87,
7(4)25,
8(1)11,
8(1)24,
8(1)74,
8(1)96,
8(1)150,
8(1)174,
8(1)192,
8(1)223,
8(1)260,
8(1)268,
8(1)275,
8(1)289,
8(1)298,
8(1)371,
8(3)54,
8(3)61,
8(3)129,
9(1)31,
9(1)96,
9(1)100,
9(3)1,
9(3)6,
9(3)16,
9(3)43,
9(3)56,
9(3)79,
10(1)31,
10(1)80,
10(1)97,
10(1)119,
10(1)179,
10(1)266,
10(1)291,
10(2)63,
10(3)23,
10(3)35,
10(3)63,
10(3)84,
11(1)49,
11(1)70,
11(1)75,
11(1)79,
11(1)82,
11(1)140,
11(1)144,
11(1)155,
11(1)167,
11(1)168,
11(1)236,
11(1)245,
11(2)23
- took,
8(1)11
- top,
7(1)157,
9(1)139,
10(3)156
- useful,
5(1)125,
7(1)68,
7(4)53,
8(1)69,
8(1)131,
8(1)268,
8(3)26,
8(3)33,
8(3)67,
9(1)151,
10(1)282,
10(3)8,
10(3)55,
10(3)151
- user,
3(1)12,
5(1)83,
5(1)166,
6(4)21,
7(1)123,
7(3)77,
8(1)65,
8(1)167,
8(1)182,
8(1)253,
8(1)289,
8(1)298,
8(3)61,
8(3)92,
8(3)129,
9(1)26,
9(1)69,
9(3)74,
10(1)97,
10(1)119,
10(1)282,
10(3)126,
10(4)66,
11(1)232,
11(2)27
- using,
3(1)12,
4(1)160,
5(1)9,
5(1)173,
6(1)11,
6(1)64,
6(1)74,
6(1)101,
6(1)184,
7(1)7,
7(1)23,
7(1)47,
7(1)133,
7(1)191,
7(1)200,
7(2)27,
8(1)1,
8(1)49,
8(1)62,
8(1)131,
8(1)158,
8(1)174,
8(1)192,
8(1)212,
8(1)350,
8(1)355,
8(2)11,
8(3)4,
8(3)67,
8(3)106,
8(3)115,
8(3)143,
8(4)53,
9(1)6,
9(1)63,
9(1)104,
9(1)113,
9(1)139,
9(1)142,
9(1)145,
9(3)10,
9(3)21,
9(3)51,
9(3)79,
9(4)45,
10(1)33,
10(1)35,
10(1)59,
10(1)65,
10(1)80,
10(3)35,
10(3)113,
10(3)131,
10(4)16,
10(4)42,
11(1)140,
11(1)141,
11(1)144,
11(1)155,
11(1)232,
11(2)23
- usually,
4(1)8,
5(1)6,
5(1)26,
5(1)145,
5(1)166,
7(1)20,
7(1)148,
7(3)77,
8(3)4,
9(1)31,
9(1)142,
9(1)168,
9(2)17,
9(3)1,
9(3)16,
9(3)21,
10(1)97,
11(1)14,
11(1)70,
11(1)155
- valid,
7(3)77,
8(1)268
- very,
3(4)24,
5(1)24,
5(1)32,
6(1)33,
6(1)165,
6(2)45,
7(1)15,
7(1)51,
7(1)148,
7(2)33,
8(1)86,
8(1)189,
8(1)212,
8(1)268,
8(1)295,
8(2)45,
8(3)22,
8(3)30,
8(3)67,
8(3)129,
8(4)15,
9(1)31,
9(1)93,
9(3)74,
9(4)70,
10(1)96,
10(1)97,
10(1)189,
10(3)136,
10(3)156,
11(1)49,
11(1)54,
11(1)61,
11(1)89,
11(1)240
- were,
2(3)113,
3(1)12,
3(1)21,
3(3)15,
4(1)110,
5(1)6,
5(1)32,
5(1)60,
5(1)145,
6(1)11,
6(1)40,
6(1)46,
6(1)133,
6(1)165,
6(1)174,
7(1)1,
7(1)31,
7(1)40,
7(1)68,
7(1)86,
7(1)109,
7(1)124,
7(1)133,
7(1)148,
7(1)196,
7(2)84,
7(3)77,
8(1)11,
8(1)74,
8(1)137,
8(1)247,
8(1)267,
8(1)280,
8(1)289,
8(1)342,
8(3)93,
8(3)129,
8(4)26,
9(1)53,
9(1)85,
9(1)96,
9(1)113,
9(1)119,
9(1)151,
9(3)10,
9(3)63,
9(3)79,
9(4)19,
10(1)32,
10(1)35,
10(1)36,
10(1)183,
10(1)189,
10(1)260,
10(2)17,
10(3)50,
10(3)67,
10(3)80,
10(3)156,
11(1)10,
11(1)61,
11(1)113,
11(1)158,
11(1)202,
11(1)215,
11(1)245,
11(2)27
- where,
2(4)30,
5(1)15,
5(1)97,
5(1)134,
6(1)46,
6(1)165,
6(4)26,
7(1)7,
7(1)95,
8(1)65,
8(1)79,
8(1)100,
8(1)260,
8(1)366,
8(3)1,
8(3)4,
8(3)30,
8(3)57,
8(4)15,
9(1)31,
9(1)119,
9(3)10,
9(3)43,
10(1)179,
10(3)73,
10(3)136,
10(4)30,
11(1)131
- while,
2(3)61,
3(4)24,
5(1)132,
5(1)181,
5(2)33,
6(1)106,
6(1)129,
7(1)61,
7(1)83,
7(4)25,
8(1)90,
8(1)253,
8(1)325,
8(1)335,
8(3)26,
8(3)48,
8(3)125,
9(1)77,
9(3)1,
9(3)66,
10(1)31,
10(1)96,
10(1)193,
10(3)23,
10(3)63,
10(3)80,
10(3)151,
11(1)82,
11(1)136,
11(1)182,
11(1)245
- word,
3(4)19,
6(1)81,
6(1)133,
7(1)7,
7(1)31,
7(1)83,
8(1)389,
9(1)100,
9(1)133,
9(1)168,
9(3)59,
10(1)291,
10(3)156,
11(1)61,
11(1)240
- write,
3(4)24,
5(1)6,
5(2)33,
6(1)33,
6(1)79,
6(1)133,
7(1)206,
7(3)77,
8(1)167,
8(1)295,
8(1)335,
9(1)85,
9(1)88,
9(1)139,
9(1)180,
9(3)1,
9(3)43,
9(3)79,
9(4)88,
10(1)193,
10(3)131,
10(4)28,
11(1)49
- written,
2(2)41,
6(1)11,
6(1)79,
6(1)90,
6(1)144,
6(1)174,
6(1)184,
7(1)133,
8(1)69,
8(1)104,
8(1)289,
8(3)106,
9(1)6,
9(1)69,
9(1)139,
9(3)1,
9(3)74,
10(1)177,
10(1)224,
10(2)17,
10(3)67,
11(1)228,
11(1)232