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BibTeX entry
@Article{Hart:1998:FPF,
author = "Hal Hart and Jim Caristi and Robert Dewar and Mark
Gerhardt and Drew Hamilton and Christopher Haynes and
Sam Rebelsky",
title = "The future of programming-are fundamental changes in
computer science programs coming? (panel)",
journal = j-SIGCSE,
volume = "30",
number = "1",
pages = "370--371",
month = mar,
year = "1998",
CODEN = "SIGSD3",
DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1145/274790.274337",
ISSN = "0097-8418 (print), 2331-3927 (electronic)",
ISSN-L = "0097-8418",
bibdate = "Sat Nov 17 16:56:29 MST 2012",
bibsource = "http://portal.acm.org/;
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/sigcse1990.bib",
abstract = "Computer programming languages (and their dominance as
the means of software development) have been one of the
most high-profile topics in the 50-year history of
computing --- reaching mature technology and
achievements for language definition, translation,
usage, analysis, pedagogical approaches, etc. and in
terms of their general impact on computing systems This
reality has continuously driven the content of Computer
Science curriculums to feature programming languages,
their definition techniques, and their translation
methods as the subject of many core courses, and their
usage as a tool to carry out the teaching of the
principles in most other courses. The objective of this
panel is to, at just past the mid-point of the first
century of computing, debate whether this pre-eminent
role of programming languages will continue
straightforwardly in the second half-century, if
radically new styles of programming languages will
emerge and dominate, or if programming languages will
recede to minor importance compared to alternate
software-development paradigms in both usage and
teaching impact. And, for each of those propositions,
to assess the impacts for change in typical CS
curriculums. For most software domains today, so-called
3rd-generation programming languages (e.g., Ada,
Scheme, Pascal, C/C++, Modula 2, COBOL, FORTRAN, and
recently, Java) enjoy considerable portability between
computers and are now widely accepted. In these
``procedural'' languages programmers still are
responsible for designing and coding the software
architectures, algorithms, logic, and most data
structures to solve the problems. For some
well-understood domains (e.g., report writing,
inventory control, and some financial programming),
4th-generation languages (4GLs) or ``non-procedural''
languages are established which essentially allow users
to specify ``requirements'' instead of software
solutions, with 4GL compilers that generate code
satisfying the requirements; the number of domains for
which 4GLs are appropriate increases steadily as domain
understanding increases. 5th-generation or automatic
programming approaches have been a research topic for
many years, with some promising results demonstrated in
constrained domains, although the distinction from a
4GL to a 5th-generation language (5GL) is less clear
than the earlier transitions. Technologies for formally
representing and translating programming languages, and
the concepts and methods for teaching their effective
application, have continually evolved with the
programming language trends, and are generally regarded
in the body of crystallized core CS concepts.",
acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
fjournal = "SIGCSE Bulletin (ACM Special Interest Group on
Computer Science Education)",
journal-URL = "http://portal.acm.org/browse_dl.cfm?idx=J688",
}
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23(2)24,
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24(2)59,
24(4)15,
25(4)21,
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26(4)25,
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29(1)229,
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31(3)196,
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23(4)51,
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24(1)163,
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25(2)1,
25(3)45,
26(1)131,
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31(3)203
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28(1)190,
29(1)48,
29(3)1,
30(3)81,
30(3)153,
31(1)203,
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31(2)86,
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- continue,
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26(1)46,
26(1)80,
27(1)141,
27(4)13,
28(1)204,
28(3)37,
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29(1)345,
29(2)11,
30(1)25,
30(1)68,
30(1)312,
30(1)341,
30(4)5,
31(3)95,
31(3)186
- debate,
25(2)31,
27(1)268,
27(2)25,
28(3)51,
30(1)58,
30(1)365,
30(1)383,
31(2)37,
31(2)73
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23(2)45,
23(2)60,
24(1)163,
25(4)5,
25(4)27,
26(1)131,
26(1)253,
27(1)19,
27(1)66,
28(4)36,
29(1)277,
29(4)57,
30(1)194,
30(4)46,
30(4)51,
31(1)27,
31(3)52,
31(3)60,
31(4)61
- demonstrated,
24(1)264,
25(4)5,
29(1)179,
29(2)46,
31(3)119
- designing,
24(1)76,
24(1)220,
24(1)299,
26(1)131,
26(2)5,
26(4)59,
27(3)7,
28(1)295,
28(1)319,
28(3)29,
28(4)3,
29(1)131,
29(1)238,
29(3)24,
29(3)71,
29(3)114,
29(3)143,
30(1)45,
30(1)198,
30(1)312,
30(1)384,
30(3)213,
30(3)243,
30(3)275,
31(1)170,
31(1)179,
31(1)217,
31(1)306,
31(1)336,
31(3)48,
31(3)135,
31(3)180,
31(4)13
- distinction,
26(3)17,
31(1)136
- domain,
23(4)13,
24(1)81,
24(2)35,
26(1)319,
26(3)17,
27(1)126,
27(1)273,
27(1)340,
27(2)7,
27(2)31,
27(3)39,
28(1)204,
28(3)12,
29(1)126,
29(1)224,
29(3)27,
30(1)6,
30(1)185,
30(1)297,
30(3)74,
31(1)306,
31(3)71,
31(3)95
- driven,
24(1)57,
27(1)82
- e.g,
26(1)366,
27(1)199,
28(1)280,
29(1)229,
29(1)248,
29(3)24,
29(3)80,
30(1)45,
30(1)145,
30(3)310,
31(1)136,
31(2)65,
31(3)48,
31(3)151,
31(3)167
- each,
22(2)30,
24(1)57,
24(1)72,
24(1)163,
24(1)197,
24(3)60,
24(4)7,
25(2)31,
25(2)57,
26(1)21,
26(1)111,
26(1)145,
26(1)169,
26(1)203,
26(1)208,
26(1)314,
26(1)349,
26(2)52,
26(2)61,
26(3)22,
26(3)37,
26(4)5,
27(1)24,
27(1)163,
27(1)186,
27(1)218,
27(1)340,
27(1)355,
28(1)112,
28(1)155,
28(1)310,
28(1)333,
28(3)60,
28(4)3,
28(4)15,
29(1)82,
29(1)121,
29(1)145,
29(1)189,
29(1)253,
29(1)262,
29(1)272,
29(1)310,
29(1)340,
29(3)1,
29(3)6,
29(3)85,
30(1)185,
30(1)272,
30(1)277,
30(1)287,
30(1)365,
30(1)378,
30(3)108,
30(3)153,
30(3)209,
30(4)32,
30(4)46,
31(1)174,
31(1)189,
31(1)346,
31(2)17,
31(2)48,
31(2)65,
31(2)73,
31(3)147,
31(3)180,
31(3)193,
31(3)200,
31(4)106,
31(4)121
- earlier,
26(4)56,
28(1)256,
29(1)258,
30(1)365,
30(2)48,
30(3)94,
31(4)4
- effective,
22(4)45,
24(1)15,
24(1)53,
24(1)192,
24(2)29,
24(3)35,
24(4)15,
26(4)59,
27(1)48,
27(1)71,
27(1)355,
27(1)364,
27(4)13,
28(1)93,
28(1)160,
28(1)204,
28(1)319,
28(1)358,
29(1)82,
29(1)184,
29(1)262,
29(1)277,
29(1)315,
29(1)360,
29(3)42,
29(3)45,
29(3)94,
29(3)145,
30(1)82,
30(1)131,
30(1)287,
30(1)345,
30(1)383,
30(3)86,
30(3)105,
30(3)125,
30(3)134,
30(3)181,
30(3)209,
30(3)254,
30(3)310,
31(1)37,
31(1)198,
31(1)321,
31(2)51,
31(2)62,
31(3)1,
31(3)9,
31(3)48,
31(3)79,
31(3)127,
31(3)167,
31(3)177,
31(3)182,
31(3)187,
31(4)13,
31(4)87
- emerge,
30(3)105
- enjoy,
25(4)41,
26(1)258,
27(1)287,
30(1)10,
30(1)145,
30(1)312,
31(3)167
- essentially,
28(3)45,
29(1)253,
31(1)165
- established,
24(2)35,
26(1)169,
27(3)15,
28(1)102,
29(1)92,
29(3)51,
29(3)111,
29(4)45,
30(1)35,
30(1)312,
30(2)28,
30(3)223,
31(1)114,
31(1)160,
31(2)86,
31(3)68,
31(3)119,
31(3)187
- etc,
26(1)203,
29(1)233,
29(2)35,
29(3)133,
30(1)45,
30(1)365,
30(3)64,
30(3)69,
30(3)81,
30(3)310,
31(1)184
- evolved,
24(3)60,
27(1)48,
28(1)102,
29(1)209,
30(1)25,
30(3)5,
30(3)209,
31(3)13
- feature,
22(2)55,
22(2)59,
22(4)49,
23(2)9,
23(3)11,
24(1)57,
24(2)55,
25(2)59,
25(3)45,
26(1)6,
26(1)46,
26(1)169,
26(1)193,
26(1)203,
26(1)300,
26(2)9,
27(1)126,
27(1)218,
27(2)25,
28(1)160,
29(1)53,
29(1)96,
29(1)126,
29(1)164,
29(1)287,
29(1)340,
29(1)345,
29(2)7,
29(3)24,
29(3)40,
29(3)133,
30(1)1,
30(1)10,
30(1)97,
30(1)176,
30(1)194,
30(1)222,
30(1)247,
30(1)252,
30(1)277,
30(1)302,
30(3)77,
30(3)94,
30(3)130,
30(3)171,
30(3)280,
30(3)310,
31(1)63,
31(1)136,
31(1)271,
31(1)286,
31(1)301,
31(3)40,
31(3)68,
31(3)79,
31(3)196,
31(3)208
- financial,
30(3)108,
31(3)203
- formally,
29(1)253,
29(1)315,
31(1)100
- FORTRAN,
22(2)30,
25(4)5,
25(4)41,
26(1)188
- fundamental,
23(3)20,
24(1)168,
24(1)309,
24(2)35,
24(4)52,
26(1)169,
26(1)203,
26(1)290,
26(1)300,
26(1)329,
26(3)17,
27(1)126,
27(1)253,
27(1)307,
27(3)47,
27(3)50,
28(3)12,
28(4)55,
29(1)72,
29(3)14,
29(3)24,
30(1)1,
30(1)68,
30(1)176,
30(1)217,
30(1)312,
30(1)345,
30(1)383,
30(2)53,
30(3)219,
31(1)63,
31(1)301,
31(1)306,
31(2)62,
31(3)200,
31(4)32,
31(4)35,
31(4)70
- future,
22(2)11,
22(3)47,
23(3)57,
23(4)13,
23(4)27,
24(1)72,
24(1)207,
24(1)213,
24(1)299,
24(1)304,
24(2)7,
24(3)1,
24(4)43,
26(1)46,
26(1)281,
26(1)394,
26(1)400,
27(1)186,
27(1)292,
28(1)47,
28(2)56,
29(1)67,
29(1)106,
29(1)179,
29(1)229,
29(1)277,
29(2)2,
29(3)80,
29(3)120,
29(3)139,
30(1)145,
30(1)242,
30(1)357,
30(1)359,
30(1)363,
30(2)31,
30(3)125,
30(4)21,
30(4)39,
30(4)46,
31(1)232,
31(1)346,
31(1)358,
31(2)65,
31(2)71,
31(2)73,
31(3)9,
31(3)111,
31(3)201,
31(4)70
- general,
22(2)15,
22(2)59,
22(3)7,
23(1)87,
23(2)60,
23(4)13,
24(1)57,
26(1)41,
26(4)21,
26(4)25,
26(4)59,
27(1)53,
27(1)61,
27(1)248,
27(1)302,
27(1)350,
27(3)60,
28(1)73,
28(1)378,
28(2)21,
28(3)51,
29(1)35,
29(1)48,
29(1)96,
29(1)243,
29(1)258,
29(1)371,
29(3)27,
29(3)40,
29(3)51,
29(3)57,
29(3)62,
29(3)120,
30(1)58,
30(1)68,
30(1)87,
30(1)97,
30(1)185,
30(1)302,
30(1)365,
30(2)20,
30(3)148,
30(3)243,
30(3)303,
30(4)39,
30(4)46,
31(1)37,
31(1)146,
31(1)179,
31(3)60,
31(4)66,
31(4)70
- generally,
24(2)59,
24(4)49,
26(1)324,
26(4)5,
27(1)66,
28(3)26,
30(3)264
- generate,
24(1)259,
26(1)188,
27(1)163,
29(1)262,
30(3)86,
30(3)199,
31(1)48,
31(1)343,
31(2)17,
31(3)180
- history,
22(3)34,
24(1)113,
24(4)35,
28(1)102,
28(2)15,
29(4)12,
30(2)11,
30(3)236,
30(3)277,
31(2)17,
31(4)4,
31(4)61
- impact,
22(2)59,
23(1)62,
23(4)13,
24(1)197,
24(1)230,
24(1)235,
26(1)41,
28(1)93,
28(1)195,
28(2)15,
29(1)63,
29(3)1,
29(3)80,
29(3)91,
30(1)87,
30(1)126,
30(1)287,
30(3)270,
30(4)39,
31(1)345,
31(2)81,
31(2)86,
31(3)99,
31(4)10,
31(4)13,
31(4)106
- importance,
22(2)38,
22(2)52,
24(4)52,
26(1)92,
26(1)290,
26(1)319,
27(1)44,
27(1)131,
27(1)199,
27(3)53,
28(1)256,
28(1)338,
28(3)55,
29(1)53,
29(1)131,
29(1)277,
30(1)145,
30(1)198,
30(2)53,
31(3)115,
31(4)106
- increase,
24(1)304,
26(1)97,
26(1)253,
27(1)292,
27(3)47,
28(1)195,
28(2)37,
29(1)219,
29(1)390,
30(1)121,
30(1)277,
31(1)12,
31(1)110,
31(3)131,
31(3)151,
31(3)155
- instead,
23(2)21,
23(2)60,
23(3)20,
24(1)28,
25(2)31,
25(2)59,
27(1)6,
27(1)223,
30(1)126,
30(1)145,
30(1)166,
30(3)59,
31(1)316,
31(2)37,
31(3)88
- just,
24(1)134,
24(2)55,
26(1)169,
26(1)309,
28(1)93,
28(1)290,
28(2)25,
28(3)26,
30(1)25,
30(1)252,
30(1)282,
31(2)65,
31(4)61
- less,
24(1)72,
24(4)49,
28(1)37,
28(1)83,
28(1)130,
29(1)287,
29(3)57,
29(3)80,
29(3)127,
30(1)82,
30(1)336,
30(3)51,
31(3)44,
31(3)147
- logic,
22(1)22,
23(1)184,
25(1)20,
25(3)19,
26(1)183,
27(1)19,
27(1)168,
27(1)223,
27(1)228,
27(1)307,
27(1)331,
27(1)384,
27(3)53,
27(4)13,
28(1)47,
28(1)53,
28(1)58,
29(2)35,
29(3)42,
29(3)120,
30(1)166,
30(1)376,
31(1)100,
31(1)237,
31(3)88,
31(3)211
- mature,
23(4)13,
29(3)85
- mean,
22(1)157,
22(1)201,
26(1)46,
26(1)193,
27(1)297,
28(1)37,
28(1)363,
29(3)1,
29(3)40,
29(3)42,
29(3)54,
29(3)100,
29(4)38,
30(1)232,
30(1)317,
30(3)90,
30(3)206,
31(1)105,
31(3)52,
31(3)60,
31(3)127,
31(4)70
- minor,
30(1)25
- non-procedural,
28(1)338
- now,
24(1)53,
24(1)147,
24(1)235,
24(2)35,
24(4)49,
26(1)6,
26(1)31,
26(1)102,
26(1)198,
26(1)324,
28(1)107,
28(1)358,
28(4)55,
29(1)150,
29(1)229,
29(1)330,
29(3)59,
30(1)145,
30(1)302,
30(3)249,
31(1)83,
31(1)247,
31(1)346,
31(2)17,
31(2)37,
31(2)62,
31(3)143,
31(3)159,
31(3)182,
31(4)13
- number,
22(2)52,
22(2)59,
22(4)5,
23(1)130,
23(3)2,
23(3)5,
23(3)17,
23(3)20,
23(4)51,
24(1)63,
24(1)142,
24(1)163,
24(1)207,
24(2)55,
24(3)11,
24(3)14,
24(4)27,
25(2)19,
25(4)2,
25(4)41,
26(1)164,
26(1)203,
26(1)238,
26(2)52,
26(3)56,
27(1)292,
27(1)340,
28(1)37,
28(1)107,
28(1)155,
28(1)214,
28(3)9,
29(1)10,
29(1)58,
29(1)72,
29(1)116,
29(1)126,
29(1)131,
29(1)145,
29(1)219,
29(1)253,
29(3)114,
30(1)82,
30(1)190,
30(1)350,
30(1)382,
30(2)36,
30(2)64,
30(3)51,
30(3)59,
30(3)69,
30(3)134,
30(3)153,
30(3)157,
30(3)171,
30(4)39,
31(1)37,
31(1)78,
31(1)170,
31(2)28,
31(2)60,
31(3)119,
31(3)175,
31(3)180,
31(4)79
- objective,
22(4)37,
24(3)1,
26(1)198,
26(2)19,
27(1)141,
27(1)218,
27(3)39,
28(1)363,
28(3)2,
28(3)37,
29(1)101,
29(1)116,
29(3)120,
30(1)1,
30(1)25,
30(3)59,
30(3)81,
31(1)114,
31(2)8,
31(3)68,
31(3)84,
31(3)88,
31(3)99,
31(3)163
- panel,
22(1)251,
22(1)252,
22(1)253,
22(1)256,
22(1)258,
22(1)260,
22(1)268,
27(1)360,
27(1)374,
27(1)396,
29(1)365,
29(1)369,
29(1)371,
29(1)373,
29(1)375,
29(1)377,
29(1)379,
29(1)381,
29(1)383,
29(1)384,
29(1)386,
29(1)388,
29(3)139,
29(3)139,
29(3)140,
29(3)143,
29(3)146,
30(1)355,
30(1)357,
30(1)359,
30(1)361,
30(1)363,
30(1)365,
30(1)366,
30(1)368,
30(1)372,
30(1)373,
30(1)374,
30(1)376,
30(1)378,
30(1)380,
30(3)260,
30(3)264,
30(3)268,
31(1)341,
31(1)343,
31(1)345,
31(1)346,
31(1)350,
31(1)351,
31(1)354
- Pascal,
22(1)94,
22(1)134,
22(2)38,
22(3)25,
22(4)60,
23(2)9,
23(2)33,
23(2)51,
23(3)31,
23(4)51,
24(1)15,
24(1)129,
24(3)57,
25(2)51,
25(3)45,
25(4)38,
26(1)51,
26(1)238,
26(1)404,
26(3)37,
27(1)168,
27(1)191,
27(1)340,
27(2)18,
27(3)7,
27(3)21,
28(1)78,
28(1)252,
28(1)261,
28(3)9,
28(3)51,
28(4)25,
29(2)7,
29(4)62,
31(1)271,
31(3)91,
31(3)198
- past,
24(1)129,
24(1)213,
24(1)235,
24(1)246,
24(1)304,
24(4)35,
25(2)29,
26(1)51,
27(1)218,
27(1)292,
28(1)204,
28(1)358,
28(4)3,
28(4)55,
29(1)106,
29(1)184,
29(2)35,
29(3)103,
30(1)97,
30(1)176,
30(2)31,
30(3)257,
31(1)271,
31(2)37,
31(2)86,
31(3)159,
31(3)198,
31(4)13,
31(4)20
- pedagogical,
22(2)2,
22(2)42,
22(4)37,
23(3)20,
24(1)38,
24(1)142,
26(1)51,
26(1)319,
26(1)334,
26(2)61,
26(3)51,
27(1)159,
27(1)268,
27(3)27,
28(3)23,
28(4)55,
29(1)131,
29(3)6,
29(3)54,
29(3)117,
30(1)153,
30(1)171,
30(3)105,
30(3)181,
30(3)257,
30(4)18,
31(1)232,
31(1)346,
31(3)95,
31(3)171,
31(4)101
- portability,
24(1)53,
26(4)59,
27(1)163,
30(3)185,
31(3)91
- principle,
23(2)21,
23(3)11,
24(1)46,
24(1)76,
24(1)142,
24(1)207,
24(2)29,
24(2)35,
24(4)52,
26(1)26,
26(1)106,
26(4)17,
26(4)29,
26(4)59,
27(1)66,
27(1)126,
27(1)173,
27(1)307,
27(1)331,
27(1)340,
27(1)364,
27(2)49,
27(3)53,
27(4)9,
28(1)112,
28(1)117,
28(1)160,
28(1)190,
28(1)232,
28(1)242,
28(1)319,
28(1)353,
28(3)51,
28(4)55,
29(1)1,
29(1)229,
29(1)360,
29(2)39,
29(3)27,
29(4)58,
30(1)68,
30(1)252,
30(1)322,
30(3)105,
30(3)185,
30(3)239,
31(1)331,
31(1)367,
31(2)78,
31(2)86,
31(3)5,
31(3)139,
31(3)198,
31(4)32,
31(4)35
- procedural,
23(2)45,
26(1)51,
26(1)188,
26(1)329,
27(1)253,
28(1)83,
28(1)88,
28(3)45,
28(4)36,
29(1)262,
31(1)127
- programmer,
23(1)277,
23(3)31,
24(1)92,
24(1)220,
24(1)309,
24(3)14,
24(4)43,
24(4)49,
25(1)160,
26(1)281,
26(1)286,
26(1)366,
26(4)29,
27(1)1,
27(1)48,
27(1)168,
27(3)3,
27(3)47,
28(1)217,
28(1)310,
28(4)25,
28(z)49,
29(1)135,
29(1)229,
29(1)315,
29(2)17,
30(1)292,
30(2)48,
30(4)16,
31(1)58,
31(1)247,
31(2)65,
31(2)69,
31(3)139,
31(4)42
- promising,
29(1)229,
30(1)312,
31(1)271
- radically,
24(1)255
- reaching,
28(1)195
- reality,
27(1)146,
28(2)56,
29(1)369,
30(3)5,
30(3)37,
31(3)187
- recently,
22(2)15,
22(3)21,
23(3)31,
24(1)57,
24(1)147,
26(1)141,
26(1)193,
27(1)340,
28(1)93,
28(3)51,
29(1)116,
29(2)23,
29(3)6,
30(1)277,
30(3)102,
30(3)175,
31(1)95,
31(1)141,
31(1)336,
31(1)345,
31(2)69,
31(3)88,
31(3)151
- regarded,
29(1)63,
31(3)163
- representing,
27(1)297,
29(3)133,
30(4)46
- requirement,
22(2)30,
22(4)5,
24(1)113,
26(1)253,
27(1)173,
27(1)209,
27(1)248,
27(1)302,
28(1)102,
28(1)112,
28(1)150,
28(1)247,
28(1)378,
28(4)59,
29(1)96,
29(1)310,
30(1)365,
30(1)366,
30(3)243,
30(3)264,
31(1)22,
31(1)68,
31(3)177,
31(3)182,
31(3)187,
31(3)199,
31(4)13
- responsible,
24(2)7,
26(1)169,
30(3)181,
31(1)58,
31(2)8,
31(3)182,
31(4)10
- role,
22(1)22,
22(2)2,
22(2)5,
22(2)59,
24(1)235,
24(1)246,
24(2)59,
24(3)35,
25(1)78,
26(1)258,
26(1)319,
26(1)410,
26(2)52,
26(3)17,
27(1)1,
27(1)248,
27(1)292,
27(2)7,
28(1)42,
28(1)112,
28(1)217,
28(3)12,
29(1)63,
29(1)277,
29(1)282,
29(1)310,
29(3)51,
29(3)59,
29(4)30,
30(1)73,
30(1)145,
30(1)166,
30(1)171,
30(1)198,
30(1)252,
30(1)302,
30(1)341,
30(2)53,
30(3)108,
30(3)162,
31(1)73,
31(1)141,
31(1)160,
31(1)203,
31(3)200,
31(4)35,
31(4)48,
31(4)121
- satisfying,
24(3)57,
27(3)50,
29(3)80,
30(1)145,
30(4)51
- scheme,
24(1)15,
24(3)39,
24(3)60,
26(4)29,
27(1)327,
27(1)336,
28(1)160,
29(1)253,
29(4)54,
31(1)179,
31(1)217,
31(1)286,
31(2)48
- second,
23(3)17,
23(4)48,
24(1)304,
24(4)49,
25(2)51,
25(4)13,
26(1)366,
26(2)19,
27(1)19,
27(1)186,
27(2)2,
27(4)9,
28(1)195,
28(1)353,
28(4)36,
29(1)53,
29(2)46,
29(3)136,
30(1)282,
30(1)312,
30(1)378,
30(3)46,
30(3)64,
30(3)213,
30(3)228,
31(1)22,
31(1)27,
31(1)43,
31(1)95,
31(1)252,
31(1)311,
31(3)198
- so-called,
26(1)26
- solution,
22(1)201,
22(2)42,
22(3)21,
23(2)39,
23(2)60,
24(1)129,
24(1)176,
24(1)220,
24(2)35,
25(3)39,
25(4)33,
25(4)41,
26(1)213,
26(3)8,
27(1)340,
27(1)350,
27(1)355,
28(1)256,
28(1)343,
28(2)31,
28(3)23,
28(4)36,
28(z)139,
29(1)39,
29(1)145,
29(1)238,
29(1)335,
29(1)384,
29(3)100,
29(3)114,
29(4)34,
30(1)6,
30(1)82,
30(1)140,
30(1)185,
30(1)366,
30(2)64,
30(3)37,
30(3)122,
30(3)162,
30(3)171,
30(3)193,
30(3)257,
31(1)17,
31(1)43,
31(1)53,
31(1)78,
31(1)110,
31(1)360,
31(2)73,
31(3)139,
31(3)203
- solve,
22(3)21,
23(3)2,
24(3)51,
25(2)59,
25(4)33,
26(2)61,
26(3)8,
26(4)59,
27(2)44,
27(4)27,
28(1)155,
28(1)368,
29(1)238,
29(1)248,
29(3)27,
29(3)74,
30(1)45,
30(1)63,
30(1)135,
30(1)194,
30(1)277,
30(1)312,
31(3)99,
31(4)70
- specify,
23(1)337,
23(3)36,
30(1)198,
30(1)297,
31(1)100
- still,
23(2)21,
23(2)60,
24(1)259,
26(1)169,
26(1)387,
26(4)17,
27(1)44,
27(1)214,
27(1)322,
27(3)60,
28(1)37,
28(1)130,
29(1)6,
29(1)150,
29(1)384,
29(2)17,
30(1)194,
30(1)312,
30(3)105,
30(3)139,
31(1)27,
31(1)346,
31(3)182,
31(4)13,
31(4)79
- styles,
25(4)21,
26(1)106,
26(1)169,
28(1)227,
28(4)59,
29(1)390,
29(3)1,
29(3)103,
30(1)292,
30(1)312,
30(1)317,
31(1)31,
31(1)291,
31(2)84,
31(3)167
- subject,
22(2)30,
22(4)5,
22(4)49,
23(4)13,
24(1)181,
24(1)240,
24(3)14,
26(1)6,
26(2)31,
26(4)59,
27(3)39,
28(1)93,
28(1)204,
28(1)247,
28(2)21,
28(3)12,
29(1)67,
29(1)184,
29(3)27,
29(3)37,
29(3)45,
29(4)58,
30(1)68,
30(1)202,
30(1)282,
30(2)28,
30(3)122,
30(3)206,
30(3)223,
30(3)299,
31(1)306,
31(1)331,
31(2)42,
31(3)1,
31(3)56,
31(3)64,
31(3)71,
31(3)84,
31(3)115,
31(3)151,
31(4)13
- term,
23(2)33,
23(2)45,
24(1)102,
27(1)126,
27(1)199,
27(1)307,
28(1)112,
28(1)266,
28(2)21,
28(3)37,
29(1)48,
29(1)63,
29(1)101,
29(1)301,
29(2)7,
30(1)15,
30(1)112,
30(1)190,
30(1)242,
30(1)341,
30(3)153,
31(1)43,
31(1)68,
31(1)189,
31(1)242,
31(3)64,
31(4)13,
31(4)70
- than,
23(2)51,
23(3)2,
23(4)23,
24(1)15,
24(1)19,
24(1)173,
24(1)220,
24(1)304,
24(3)11,
24(4)43,
24(4)49,
25(2)31,
25(3)52,
25(4)5,
26(1)56,
26(1)150,
26(1)169,
26(1)238,
26(1)258,
26(1)290,
26(1)304,
26(3)58,
27(1)53,
27(1)82,
27(1)178,
27(1)199,
27(1)278,
27(1)307,
27(1)322,
27(1)340,
27(3)21,
28(1)37,
28(1)83,
28(1)107,
28(1)290,
28(2)37,
28(3)26,
28(4)45,
29(1)44,
29(1)48,
29(1)96,
29(1)126,
29(1)145,
29(1)150,
29(1)184,
29(1)258,
29(1)262,
29(1)390,
29(3)57,
29(3)80,
29(3)91,
29(3)127,
29(4)34,
30(1)82,
30(1)257,
30(1)282,
30(1)292,
30(1)302,
30(1)312,
30(1)341,
30(1)345,
30(1)383,
30(3)14,
30(3)51,
30(3)81,
30(3)108,
30(3)125,
30(3)239,
30(3)290,
31(1)105,
31(1)276,
31(2)86,
31(3)25
- today,
22(4)37,
24(1)230,
24(1)240,
25(3)45,
26(1)183,
27(3)15,
29(1)390,
30(1)131,
30(1)145,
30(3)189,
31(1)73,
31(1)247,
31(2)17,
31(2)78,
31(4)4
- transition,
24(1)192,
25(1)96,
28(2)25,
28(4)45,
29(3)133,
29(4)62,
30(1)372,
30(3)219,
31(1)132,
31(4)32
- translating,
30(3)46
- translation,
24(1)207,
24(2)20,
26(3)15,
30(3)139
- trend,
23(4)13,
24(1)9,
24(1)304,
26(1)198,
27(1)273,
28(1)204,
28(1)295,
29(1)301,
29(3)51,
30(1)15,
30(4)46,
31(1)12,
31(1)346,
31(2)31,
31(3)143,
31(4)61
- typical,
24(1)34,
24(1)255,
24(3)1,
26(1)169,
26(1)344,
27(1)44,
27(1)76,
27(1)273,
27(1)317,
29(1)25,
29(1)233,
30(1)58,
30(3)37,
31(1)43,
31(2)81
- understanding,
22(3)39,
23(2)29,
23(3)17,
24(1)168,
24(1)299,
24(1)309,
24(3)14,
24(3)51,
24(4)52,
25(3)39,
26(1)46,
26(1)51,
26(1)145,
26(1)169,
26(1)339,
26(1)344,
26(3)17,
26(4)5,
26(4)59,
27(1)6,
27(1)102,
27(1)273,
27(1)278,
27(2)7,
27(2)18,
28(1)73,
28(1)160,
28(1)185,
28(1)217,
28(3)55,
28(z)75,
29(1)1,
29(1)53,
29(1)106,
29(1)126,
29(1)150,
29(1)169,
29(1)184,
29(1)272,
29(1)315,
29(1)330,
29(1)345,
29(1)390,
29(3)24,
29(3)71,
29(3)74,
29(3)80,
29(4)38,
30(1)6,
30(1)126,
30(1)262,
30(2)64,
30(3)37,
30(3)46,
30(3)108,
30(3)122,
30(3)153,
30(3)181,
30(3)268,
30(4)46,
31(1)63,
31(1)174,
31(1)232,
31(1)311,
31(1)331,
31(2)65,
31(3)1,
31(3)17,
31(3)107,
31(4)13,
31(4)70,
31(4)106
- usage,
24(1)163,
26(1)21,
26(1)183,
26(1)193,
27(2)18,
27(3)21,
28(1)290,
28(3)55,
28(4)33,
29(1)58,
29(3)21,
30(3)122,
30(3)209,
30(3)310,
31(3)151,
31(3)190
- user,
22(4)55,
23(1)330,
23(4)53,
24(1)19,
24(1)246,
24(4)49,
25(1)107,
26(1)83,
26(1)203,
26(1)208,
26(1)281,
26(2)19,
27(1)24,
27(1)66,
27(1)82,
27(1)345,
28(1)145,
28(1)214,
28(1)300,
28(2)62,
28(4)59,
28(z)60,
29(1)35,
29(1)126,
29(1)150,
29(1)267,
29(1)310,
29(1)340,
29(1)345,
29(3)24,
29(3)57,
29(3)59,
29(3)80,
29(4)30,
30(1)53,
30(1)92,
30(1)97,
30(1)102,
30(1)194,
30(1)232,
30(1)277,
30(1)282,
30(1)297,
30(1)302,
30(3)5,
30(3)77,
30(3)122,
30(3)157,
30(3)175,
30(3)181,
30(3)295,
31(1)63,
31(1)271,
31(1)286,
31(1)296,
31(1)301,
31(2)51,
31(3)71,
31(3)127,
31(3)131,
31(3)139,
31(3)199,
31(3)206,
31(3)209
- whether,
23(3)36,
26(1)300,
26(2)2,
27(1)340,
28(3)55,
29(1)6,
29(3)77,
29(3)127,
30(1)190,
30(1)282,
30(2)48,
31(1)291,
31(3)40
- widely,
24(1)72,
24(4)27,
27(1)199,
27(1)223,
27(1)350,
27(4)57,
29(1)194,
30(1)145,
30(4)39
- writing,
22(1)212,
23(1)205,
23(3)17,
23(3)31,
24(1)34,
24(1)38,
24(1)42,
24(1)163,
24(2)41,
24(3)14,
24(4)7,
25(1)274,
26(1)169,
26(1)238,
26(1)268,
26(1)319,
26(4)5,
27(1)19,
27(2)44,
27(4)9,
27(4)39,
28(1)204,
28(2)25,
29(1)77,
29(1)238,
29(3)114,
30(1)63,
30(1)117,
30(2)24,
30(3)28,
30(3)143,
30(3)203,
31(1)189,
31(1)316,
31(1)331,
31(2)65